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Hu D, Li H, Yu H, Zhao M, Ye L, Liu B, Ge N, Dong N, Wu L. Clenbuterol Prevents Mechanical Unloading-Induced Myocardial Atrophy via Upregulation of Transient Receptor Potential Channel-3. Int Heart J 2023; 64:901-909. [PMID: 37778993 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular assist device in combination with clenbuterol has been demonstrated to significantly improve heart function in patients with advanced heart failure. However, the roles of clenbuterol in mechanical unloading and its underlying mechanism are poorly understood. A rat abdominal heart transplantation model has been developed to mimic mechanical unloading of the heart. The recipient rats were randomly segregated into experimental groups for the daily administration of either saline (the "Trans" group; n = 13) or clenbuterol (2 mg/kg, the "Trans + CB" group; n = 12). Another group of 10 rats served as a treatment mimic control/sham animals (the "Sham" group). All interventions were performed via intraperitoneal injections once daily for 4 weeks. The Trans group animals exhibited myocardial atrophy and dysfunction with decreased expression levels of transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) and phospholipase C-β1 (PLC-β1) at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Administration of clenbuterol improved cardiac function, prevented myocardial atrophy, and restored expression of TRPC3 and PLC-β1 in the unloaded hearts of the "Trans + CB" animals at 4 weeks post-transplantation. Silencing of the TRPC3 gene by siRNA inhibited the pro-hypertrophic effect of clenbuterol in the rat primary cardiomyocytes in vitro. Furthermore, U73122, an inhibitor of the PLC-β1/diacylglycerol (DAG) pathway, significantly attenuated clenbuterol-induced upregulation of TRPC3 in cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that the anti-atrophic effect of clenbuterol may be dependent on the upregulation of TRPC3 through the activation of the PLC-β1/DAG pathway during mechanical unloading. The results of our study reveal a potential target for the prevention and treatment of mechanical unloading-induced myocardial atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Huadong Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Meng Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Centre Singapore
| | - Baoqing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | | | - Nianguo Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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2
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Shen S, Sewanan LR, Campbell SG. Evidence for synergy between sarcomeres and fibroblasts in an in vitro model of myocardial reverse remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:11-25. [PMID: 33992697 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have created a novel in-vitro platform to study reverse remodeling of engineered heart tissue (EHT) after mechanical unloading. EHTs were created by seeding decellularized porcine myocardial sections with a mixture of primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Each end of the ribbon-like constructs was fixed to a plastic clip, allowing the tissues to be statically stretched or slackened. Inelastic deformation was introduced by stretching tissues by 20% of their original length. EHTs were subsequently unloaded by returning tissues to their original, shorter length. Mechanical characterization of EHTs immediately after unloading and at subsequent time points confirmed the presence of a reverse-remodeling process, through which stress-free tissue length was increased after chronic stretch but gradually decreased back to its original value within 9 days. When a cardiac myosin inhibitor was applied to tissues after unloading, EHTs failed to completely recover their passive and active mechanical properties, suggesting a role for actomyosin contraction in reverse remodeling. Selectively inhibiting cardiomyocyte contraction or fibroblast activity after mechanical unloading showed that contractile activity of both cell types was required to achieve full remodeling. Similar tests with EHTs formed from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes also showed reverse remodeling that was enhanced when treated with omecamtiv mecarbil, a myosin activator. These experiments suggest essential roles for active sarcomeric contraction and fibroblast activity in reverse remodeling of myocardium after mechanical unloading. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for designing potential therapies to encourage reverse remodeling in patient hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Xing G, Woo AYH, Pan L, Lin B, Cheng MS. Recent Advances in β 2-Agonists for Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15218-15242. [PMID: 33213146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonists are widely used as bronchodilators. The emerge of ultralong acting β2-agonists is an important breakthrough in pulmonary medicine. In this review, we will provide mechanistic insights into the application of β2-agonists in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and heart failure (HF). Recent studies in β-AR signal transduction have revealed opposing functions of the β1-AR and the β2-AR on cardiomyocyte survival. Thus, β2-agonists and β-blockers in combination may represent a novel strategy for HF management. Allosteric modulation and biased agonism at the β2-AR also provide a theoretical basis for developing drugs with novel mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles. Overlap of COPD and HF presents a substantial clinical challenge but also a unique opportunity for evaluation of the cardiovascular safety of β2-agonists. Further basic and clinical research along these lines can help us develop better drugs and innovative strategies for the management of these difficult-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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4
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Power AS, Norman R, Jones TLM, Hickey AJ, Ward ML. Mitochondrial function remains impaired in the hypertrophied right ventricle of pulmonary hypertensive rats following short duration metoprolol treatment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214740. [PMID: 30964911 PMCID: PMC6456253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) increases the work of the right ventricle (RV) and causes right-sided heart failure. This study examined RV mitochondrial function and ADP transfer in PH animals advancing to right heart failure, and investigated a potential therapy with the specific β1-adrenergic-blocker metoprolol. Adult Wistar rats (317 ± 4 g) were injected either with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg kg-1) to induce PH, or with an equivalent volume of saline for controls (CON). At three weeks post-injection the MCT rats began oral metoprolol (10 mg kg-1 day-1-) or placebo treatment until heart failure was observed in the MCT group. Mitochondrial function was then measured using high-resolution respirometry from permeabilised RV fibres. Relative to controls, MCT animals had impaired mitochondrial function but maintained coupling between myofibrillar ATPases and mitochondria, despite an increase in ADP diffusion distances. Cardiomyocytes from the RV of MCT rats were enlarged, primarily due to an increase in myofibrillar protein. The ratio of mitochondria per myofilament area was decreased in both MCT groups (p ≤ 0.05) in comparison to control (CON: 1.03 ± 0.04; MCT: 0.74 ± 0.04; MCT + BB: 0.74 ± 0.03). This not only implicates impaired energy production in PH, but also increases the diffusion distance for metabolites within the MCT cardiomyocytes, adding an additional hindrance to energy supply. Together, these changes may limit energy supply in MCT rat hearts, particularly at high cardiac workloads. Metoprolol treatment did not delay the onset of heart failure symptoms, improve mitochondrial function, or regress RV hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia S. Power
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (M-L W); (ASP)
| | - Ruth Norman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy L. M. Jones
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony J. Hickey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Louise Ward
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail: (M-L W); (ASP)
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Liu J, Sun F, Wang Y, Yang W, Xiao H, Zhang Y, Lu R, Zhu H, Zhuang Y, Pan Z, Wang Z, Du Z, Lu Y. Suppression of microRNA-16 protects against acute myocardial infarction by reversing beta2-adrenergic receptor down-regulation in rats. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20122-20132. [PMID: 28423616 PMCID: PMC5386749 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNA-16 (miR-16) has been shown to be up-regulated in ischemic heart. Beta2-adrenoreceptor (β2-AR) exerts cardioprotective property in ischemic injury. This study aims to determine the effect of miR-16 in cardiac injury in rats and the possible involvement of β2-AR in this process. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model in rats was induced by ligation of left coronary artery. Neonatal rat ventricular cells (NRVCs) were cultured in vitro tests. The cardiomyocyte model of oxidative injury was mimicked by hydrogen peroxide. The expression of miR-16 was obviously up-regulated and β2-AR was remarkably down-regulated in both AMI rats and NRVCs under oxidative stress. miR-16 over-expression in NRVCs reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. Conversely, inhibition of endogenous miR-16 with its specific inhibitor reversed these changes. Over-expression of miR-16 using an miR-16 lentivirus in AMI rats markedly increased cardiac infarct area, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity, and exacerbated cardiac dysfunction. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of miR-16 alleviated acute cardiac injury. Moreover, miR-16 over-expression significantly suppressed β2-AR protein expression in both cultured NRVCs and AMI rats, while inhibition of miR-16 displayed opposite effect on β2-AR protein expression. Luciferase assay confirmed that miR-16 could directly target the 3′untranslated region of β2-AR mRNA. miR-16 is detrimental to the infarct heart and suppression of miR-16 protects rat hearts from ischemic injury via up-regulating of β2-AR by binding to the 3′untranslated region of β2-AR gene. This study indicates that targeting miR-16/β2-AR axis may be a promising strategy for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Wanqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Renzhong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology of the Second Affiliated Hospital (Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China.,Northern Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P.R. China
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6
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Rinaldi B, Donniacuo M, Sodano L, Gritti G, Martuscelli E, Orlandi A, Rafaniello C, Rossi F, Calzetta L, Capuano A, Matera MG. Effects of chronic treatment with the new ultra-long-acting β2 -adrenoceptor agonist indacaterol alone or in combination with the β1 -adrenoceptor blocker metoprolol on cardiac remodelling. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3627-37. [PMID: 25825265 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ability of a chronic treatment with indacaterol, a new ultra-long-acting β2 -adrenoceptor agonist, to reverse cardiac remodelling and its effects in combination with metoprolol, a selective β1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, were investigated on myocardial infarction in a rat model of heart failure (HF). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of indacaterol and metoprolol, administered alone or in combination, on myocardial histology, β-adrenoceptor-mediated pathways, markers of remodelling and haemodynamic parameters in a rat model of HF. Five groups of rats were assessed: sham-operated rats; HF rats; HF + indacaterol 0.3 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ; HF + metoprolol 100 mg·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ; HF + metoprolol + indacaterol. All pharmacological treatments continued for 15 weeks. KEY RESULTS Treatment with either indacaterol or metoprolol significantly reduced the infarct size in HF rats. However, the combination of indacaterol and metoprolol reduced the infarct size even further, reduced both BP and heart rate, reversed the decrease in ejection fraction, normalized left ventricular systolic and diastolic internal diameters, normalized the decreased β1 adrenoceptor mRNA expression as well as cardiac cAMP levels and reduced cardiac GPCR kinase 2 expression, compared with the untreated HF group. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results of our study demonstrated an additive interaction between indacaterol and metoprolol in normalizing and reversing cardiac remodelling in our experimental model of HF. The translation of these findings to clinical practice might be of interest, as this combination of drugs could be safer and more effective in patients suffering from HF and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rinaldi
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Sodano
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Gritti
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Martuscelli
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Matera
- Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Diseases, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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7
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Wimalawansa SJ. Escalating chronic kidney diseases of multi-factorial origin (CKD-mfo) in Sri Lanka: causes, solutions, and recommendations-update and responses. Environ Health Prev Med 2015; 20:152-7. [PMID: 25694348 PMCID: PMC4597353 DOI: 10.1007/s12199-015-0447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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8
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Navaratnarajah M, Siedlecka U, Ibrahim M, van Doorn C, Soppa G, Gandhi A, Shah A, Kukadia P, Yacoub MH, Terracciano CM. Impact of combined clenbuterol and metoprolol therapy on reverse remodelling during mechanical unloading. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92909. [PMID: 25268495 PMCID: PMC4181979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clenbuterol (Cl), a β2 agonist, is associated with enhanced myocardial recovery during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, and exerts beneficial remodelling effects during mechanical unloading (MU) in rodent heart failure (HF). However, the specific effects of combined Cl+β1 blockade during MU are unknown. Methods and Results We studied the chronic effects (4 weeks) of β2-adrenoceptor (AR) stimulation via Cl (2 mg/kg/day) alone, and in combination with β1-AR blockade using metoprolol ((Met), 250 mg/kg/day), on whole heart/cell structure, function and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling in failing (induced by left coronary artery (LCA) ligation), and unloaded (induced by heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation (HATx)) failing rat hearts. Combined Cl+Met therapy displayed favourable effects in HF: Met enhanced Cl's improvement in ejection fraction (EF) whilst preventing Cl-induced hypertrophy and tachycardia. During MU combined therapy was less beneficial than either mono-therapy. Met, not Cl, prevented MU-induced myocardial atrophy, with increased atrophy occurring during combined therapy. MU-induced recovery of Ca2+ transient amplitude, speed of Ca2+ release and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content was enhanced equally by Cl or Met mono-therapy, but these benefits, together with Cl's enhancement of sarcomeric contraction speed, and MU-induced recovery of Ca2+ spark frequency, disappeared during combined therapy. Conclusions Combined Cl+Met therapy shows superior functional effects to mono-therapy in rodent HF, but appears inferior to either mono-therapy in enhancing MU-induced recovery of EC coupling. These results suggest that combined β2-AR simulation +β1-AR blockade therapy is likely to be a safe and beneficial therapeutic HF strategy, but is not as effective as mono-therapy in enhancing myocardial recovery during LVAD support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoraj Navaratnarajah
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Urszula Siedlecka
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ibrahim
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Carin van Doorn
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Gopal Soppa
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Ajay Gandhi
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Adarsh Shah
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Punam Kukadia
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Magdi H. Yacoub
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Cesare M. Terracciano
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom
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9
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Huang BS, Chen A, Ahmad M, Wang HW, Leenen FHH. Mineralocorticoid and AT1 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus contribute to sympathetic hyperactivity and cardiac dysfunction in rats post myocardial infarct. J Physiol 2014; 592:3273-86. [PMID: 24951624 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.276584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebroventricular infusion of a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker in rats attenuates sympathetic hyperactivity and progressive left ventricular (LV) dysfunction post myocardial infarction (MI). The present study examined whether knockdown of MRs or AT1Rs specifically in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to these effects, and compared cardiac effects with those of systemic treatment with the β1-adrenergic receptor blocker metoprolol. The PVN of rats was infused with adeno-associated virus carrying small interfering RNA against either MR (AAV-MR-siRNA) or AT1R (AAV-AT1R-siRNA), or as control scrambled siRNA. At 4 weeks post MI, AT1R but not MR expression was increased in the PVN, excitatory renal sympathetic nerve activity and pressor responses to air stress were enhanced, and arterial baroreflex function was impaired; LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was increased and LV peak systolic pressure (LVPSP), ejection fraction (EF) and dP/dtmax decreased. AAV-MR-siRNA and AAV-AT1R-siRNA both normalized AT1R expression in the PVN, similarly ameliorated sympathetic and pressor responses to air stress, largely prevented baroreflex desensitization, and improved LVEDP, EF and dP/dtmax as well as cardiac interstitial (but not perivascular) fibrosis. In a second set of rats, metoprolol at 70 or 250 mg kg(-1) day(-1) in the drinking water for 4 weeks post MI did not improve LV function except for a decrease in LVEDP at the lower dose. These results suggest that in rats MR-dependent upregulation of AT1Rs in the PVN contributes to sympathetic hyperactivity, and LV dysfunction and remodelling post MI. In rats, normalizing MR-AT1R signalling in the PVN is a more effective strategy to improve LV dysfunction post MI than systemic β1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing S Huang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aidong Chen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Monir Ahmad
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Frans H H Leenen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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10
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Pokorný M, Cervenka L, Netuka I, Pirk J, Koňařík M, Malý J. Ventricular assist devices in heart failure: how to support the heart but prevent atrophy? Physiol Res 2014; 63:147-56. [PMID: 24779607 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular assist devices (VAD) have recently established themselves as an irreplaceable therapeutic modality of terminal heart failure. Because of the worldwide shortage of donors, ventricular assist devices play a key role in modern heart failure therapy. Some clinical data have revealed the possibility of cardiac recovery during VAD application. On the other hand, both clinical and experimental studies indicate the risk of the cardiac atrophy development, especially after prolonged mechanical unloading. Little is known about the specific mechanisms governing the unloading-induced cardiac atrophy and about the exact ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes, and even less is known about the ways in which possible therapeutical interventions may affect heart atrophy. One aim of this review was to present important aspects of the development of VAD-related cardiac atrophy in humans and we also review the most significant observations linking clinical data and those derived from studies using experimental models. The focus of this article was to review current methods applied to alleviate cardiac atrophy which follows mechanical unloading of the heart. Out of many pharmacological agents studied, only the selective beta2 agonist clenbuterol has been proved to have a significantly beneficial effect on unloading-induced atrophy. Mechanical means of atrophy alleviation also seem to be effective and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pokorný
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Tanaka TD, Lancaster JJ, Juneman E, Bahl JJ, Goldman S. Clenbuterol plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor regulates stem/progenitor cell mobilization and exerts beneficial effect by increasing neovascularization in rats with heart failure. J Card Fail 2014; 19:503-8. [PMID: 23834926 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists with myeloid cytokines, such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has been reported to enhance stem/progenitor cell mobilization and proliferation in ischemic myocardium. However, whether the combination therapy of G-CSF and clenbuterol (Clen) contributes to improved left ventricular (LV) function remains uncertain. We investigated whether this combination therapy induced bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cell mobilization, neovascularization, and altered LV function after acute myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS AND RESULTS Following MI, rats were treated with single Clen, high-dose Clen, and G-CSF + Clen. We evaluated LV function and remodeling with the use of echocardiography in addition to hemodynamics 3 weeks after MI. Treatment with G-CSF + Clen increased (P < .05), compared with no treatment, LV ejection fraction 46 ± 3% vs 34 ± 2%, LV dP/dt 5,789 ± 394 mm Hg vs 4,503 ± 283 mm Hg, and the percentage of circulating CD34+ cells, appearing to correlate with improvements in LV function. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy improved LV function 3 weeks after MI, suggesting that G-CSF + Clen might augment stem/progenitor cell migration, contributing to tissue healing. These data raise the possibility that enhancing endogenous bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cell mobilization may be a new treatment for ischemic heart failure after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu D Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85723 , USA
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12
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Drake S, Hansen L, Harris C, Lewis W, Miller E, Moranville B, Blyzka M, Bergen W, McKeever K, Hausman G, Dodson M. Effects of clenbuterol on horses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/cep13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol was intended as a treatment for respiratory diseases in horses, but has been used in multiple species, including humans, for its repartitioning of fat to lean effects (free fatty acids are released from adipose tissue to be used by tissues of higher priority). In the horse industry clenbuterol application is restricted to the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and reactive airway disease (heaves). Negative effects of clenbuterol exposure include a decrease in maximum oxygen intake and increased muscle fatigue upon exercise. As a result of these and other negative effects, clenbuterol remains strictly controlled by the US Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.D. Drake
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, 139 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - L.E. Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, 139 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - C. Harris
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, 139 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - W.C. Lewis
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, 139 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - E. Miller
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, 139 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | | | | | - W.G. Bergen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biosciences/Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - K.H. McKeever
- Department of Animal Science, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8525, USA
| | - G.J. Hausman
- Department of Animal Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2771, USA
| | - M.V. Dodson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, 139 Clark Hall, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Pérez-Schindler J, Philp A, Hernandez-Cascales J. Pathophysiological relevance of the cardiac β2-adrenergic receptor and its potential as a therapeutic target to improve cardiac function. Eur J Pharmacol 2012. [PMID: 23183106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
β-adrenoceptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily which play a key role in the regulation of myocardial function. Their activation increases cardiac performance but can also induce deleterious effects such as cardiac arrhythmias or myocardial apoptosis. In fact, inhibition of β-adrenoceptors exerts a protective effect in patients with sympathetic over-stimulation during heart failure. Although β(2)-adrenoceptor is not the predominant subtype in the heart, it seems to importantly contribute to the cardiac effects of adrenergic stimulation; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of β(2)-adrenoceptors in the regulation of cardiac contractility, metabolism, cardiomyocyte survival and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, therapeutic considerations relating to stimulation of the β(2)-adrenoceptor such as an increase in cardiac contractility with low arrythmogenic effect, protection of the myocardium again apoptosis or positive regulation of heart metabolism are discussed.
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Navaratnarajah M, Ibrahim M, Siedlecka U, van Doorn C, Shah A, Gandhi A, Dias P, Sarathchandra P, Yacoub MH, Terracciano CM. Influence of ivabradine on reverse remodelling during mechanical unloading. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 97:230-9. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rengo G, Zincarelli C, Femminella GD, Liccardo D, Pagano G, de Lucia C, Altobelli GG, Cimini V, Ruggiero D, Perrone-Filardi P, Gao E, Ferrara N, Lymperopoulos A, Koch WJ, Leosco D. Myocardial β(2) -adrenoceptor gene delivery promotes coordinated cardiac adaptive remodelling and angiogenesis in heart failure. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2348-61. [PMID: 22452704 PMCID: PMC3448898 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated whether β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression could promote angiogenesis and improve blood perfusion and left ventricular (LV) remodeling of the failing heart. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We explored the angiogenic effects of β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression in a rat model of post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF). Cardiac adenoviral-mediated β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression was obtained via direct intramyocardial injection 4-weeks post-MI. Adenovirus(Ad)-GFP and saline injected rats served as controls. Furthermore, we extended our observation to β(2) -adrenoceptor -/- mice undergoing MI. KEY RESULTS Transgenes were robustly expressed in the LV at 2 weeks post-gene therapy, whereas their expression was minimal at 4-weeks post-gene delivery. In HF rats, cardiac β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression resulted in enhanced basal and isoprenaline-stimulated cardiac contractility at 2-weeks post-gene delivery. At 4 weeks post-gene transfer, Ad-β(2) -adrenoceptor HF rats showed improved LV remodeling and cardiac function. Importantly, β(2) -adrenoceptor overexpression was associated with a markedly increased capillary and arteriolar length density and enhanced in vivo myocardial blood flow and coronary reserve. At the molecular level, cardiac β(2) -adrenoceptor gene transfer induced the activation of the VEGF/PKB/eNOS pro-angiogenic pathway. In β(2) -adrenoceptor-/- mice, we found a ~25% reduction in cardiac capillary density compared with β(2) -adrenoceptor+/+ mice. The lack of β(2) -adrenoceptors was associated with a higher mortality rate at 30 days and LV dilatation, and a worse global cardiac contractility compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION β(2) -Adrenoceptors play an important role in the regulation of the angiogenic response in HF. The activation of VEGF/PKB/eNOS pathway seems to be strongly involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rengo
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Telese Terme (BN), Italy
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Thireau J, Karam S, Fauconnier J, Roberge S, Cassan C, Cazorla O, Aimond F, Lacampagne A, Babuty D, Richard S. Functional evidence for an active role of B-type natriuretic peptide in cardiac remodelling and pro-arrhythmogenicity. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 95:59-68. [PMID: 22617407 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS During heart failure (HF), the left ventricle (LV) releases B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), possibly contributing to adverse cardiovascular events including ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and LV remodelling. We investigated the cardiac effects of chronic BNP elevation in healthy mice and compared the results with a model of HF after myocardial infarction (PMI mice). METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy mice were exposed to circulating BNP levels (BNP-Sham) similar to those measured in PMI mice. Telemetric surface electrocardiograms showed that in contrast with fibrotic PMI mice, electrical conduction was not affected in BNP-Sham mice. VAs were observed in both BNP-Sham and PMI but not in Sham mice. Analysis of heart rate variability indicated that chronic BNP infusion increased cardiac sympathetic tone. At the cellular level, BNP reduced Ca(2+) transients and impaired Ca(2+) reuptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, in line with blunted SR Ca(2+) ATPase 2a and S100A1 expression. BNP increased Ca(2+) spark frequency, reflecting Ca(2+) leak through ryanodine receptors, elevated diastolic Ca(2+), and promoted spontaneous Ca(2+) waves. Similar effects were observed in PMI mice. Most of these effects were reduced in BNP-Sham and PMI mice by the selective β1-adrenergic blocker metoprolol. CONCLUSION Elevated BNP levels, by inducing sympathetic overdrive and altering Ca(2+) handling, promote adverse cardiac remodelling and VAs, which could account in part for the progression of HF after MI. The early use of β-blockers to prevent the deleterious effects of chronic BNP exposure may be beneficial in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Thireau
- INSERM U1046, Physiologie and Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles, Université Montpellier-1, Université Montpellier-2, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Rue du doyen G. Giraud, Montpellier, France
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George I, Sabbah HN, Xu K, Wang N, Wang J. β-Adrenergic receptor blockade reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and normalizes calcium handling in a coronary embolization model of heart failure in canines. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:447-55. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Bernstein D, Fajardo G, Zhao M. THE ROLE OF β-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS IN HEART FAILURE: DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF CARDIOTOXICITY AND CARDIOPROTECTION. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2011; 31:35-38. [PMID: 21765627 DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
β-adrenergic receptor blockers have demonstrated significant survival benefit and have become standard therapy for adults with dilated cardiomyopathy, although their efficacy in pediatric patients is still unproven. Recent data suggests that the two major cardiac β-adrenergic receptor subtypes (β1 and β2) couple differentially to intracellular signaling pathways regulating contractility and remodeling. This has led some to suggest that the β1 receptor is the "cardiotoxic subtype" whereas the β2 receptor is "cardioprotective." Given this paradigm, there could be situations where subtype selective β-blockade or even subtype selective β-stimulation might be beneficial. However, since most of these studies have been performed in isolated cardiomyocytes, their application to clinical practice is unclear. To better understand the roles of β1- vs. β2-receptors in the pathogenesis of clinical cardiomyopathy, we and others have taken advantage of several well-characterized murine models of cardiovascular disease. These studies demonstrate that β-receptor regulation of the balance between cardioprotection and cardiotoxicity is even more complex than previously appreciated: the role of each β-receptor subtype may vary depending on the specific cardiac stressor involved (e.g. ischemia, pressure overload, genetic mutation, cardiotoxin). Furthermore, the remodeling effects of β-receptor signaling have a temporal component, depending on whether a cardiac stress is acute vs. chronic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bernstein
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University
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Jensen BC, O'Connell TD, Simpson PC. Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors: targets for agonist drugs to treat heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 51:518-28. [PMID: 21118696 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from cell, animal, and human studies demonstrates that α1-adrenergic receptors mediate adaptive and protective effects in the heart. These effects may be particularly important in chronic heart failure, when catecholamine levels are elevated and β-adrenergic receptors are down-regulated and dysfunctional. This review summarizes these data and proposes that selectively activating α1-adrenergic receptors in the heart might represent a novel and effective way to treat heart failure. This article is part of a special issue entitled "Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure."
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Jensen
- Cardiology Division, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Zhang Q, Xiang J, Wang X, Liu H, Hu B, Feng M, Fu Q. β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol reduces infarct size and myocardial apoptosis after myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion in anaesthetized rats. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1561-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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21
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Long-term effects of B-type natriuretic peptide infusion after acute myocardial infarction in a rat model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 55:14-20. [PMID: 19858735 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181c5e743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effects of exogenous B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) on postmyocardial infarction (MI) are not known. We tested the hypothesis that in vivo infusion of BNP would improve cardiac function and affect left ventricular (LV) remodeling in an experimental model of MI. METHODS MI was induced by coronary ligation in rats and confirmed by echocardiography. 19 rats were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: sham (n = 7), MI + saline (n = 5), MI + BNP (400 ng.kg(-1).minute(-1)) (n = 7). Infusions were delivered for 7 days via venous catheters tunneled to an infusion pump. Rats were followed for 8 weeks. Echocardiography, hemodynamics, histology, and in vivo and ex vivo pressure-volume relationships were examined. RESULTS LV systolic pressure, LV dP/dtmax, and infarct size improved with BNP treatment versus control MI group (132 +/- 4 vs.110 +/- 2 mm Hg, 8097 +/- 317 vs. 5816 +/- 378 mm Hg/s, 19.3% +/- 1.6% vs. 23.3% +/- 1.9%, respectively; all P < 0.05). Ex vivo end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship demonstrated reduced diastolic dysfunction after BNP therapy (P < 0.05 vs. control MI). Serum BNP levels confirmed delivery of BNP. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate beneficial effects on LV function and decreased LV remodeling with BNP infusion in an experimental model of acute MI.
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Xing W, Yan W, Fu F, Jin Y, Ji L, Liu W, Wang L, Lv A, Duan Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gao F. Insulin inhibits myocardial ischemia-induced apoptosis and alleviates chronic adverse changes in post-ischemic cardiac structure and function. Apoptosis 2009; 14:1050-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of Ivabradine and Metoprolol on Cardiac Angiogenesis and Endothelial Dysfunction in Rats With Heart Failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2009; 53:9-17. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e318193dfce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Siedlecka U, Arora M, Kolettis T, Soppa GKR, Lee J, Stagg MA, Harding SE, Yacoub MH, Terracciano CMN. Effects of clenbuterol on contractility and Ca2+ homeostasis of isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H1917-26. [PMID: 18775853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol, a compound classified as a beta2-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist, has been employed in combination with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) to treat patients with severe heart failure. Previous studies have shown that chronic administration of clenbuterol affects cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. However, the acute effects of clenbuterol and the signaling pathway involved remain undefined. We investigated the acute effects of clenbuterol on isolated ventricular myocyte sarcomere shortening, Ca2+ transients, and L-type Ca2+ current and compared these effects to two other clinically used beta2-AR agonists: fenoterol and salbutamol. Clenbuterol (30 microM) produced a negative inotropic response, whereas fenoterol showed a positive inotropic response. Salbutamol had no significant effects. Clenbuterol reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and L-type Ca2+ current. Selective beta1-AR blockade did not affect the action of clenbuterol on sarcomere shortening but significantly reduced contractility in the presence of fenoterol and salbutamol (P < 0.05). Incubation with 2 microg/ml pertussis toxin significantly reduced the negative inotropic effects of 30 microM clenbuterol. In addition, overexpression of inhibitory G protein (Gi) by adenoviral transfection induced a stronger clenbuterol-mediated negative inotropic effect, suggesting the involvement of the Gi protein. We conclude that clenbuterol does not increase and, at high concentrations, significantly depresses contractility of isolated ventricular myocytes, an effect not seen with fenoterol or salbutamol. In its negative inotropism, clenbuterol predominantly acts through Gi, and the consequent downstream signaling pathways activation may explain the beneficial effects observed during chronic administration of clenbuterol in patients treated with LVADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Siedlecka
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Moore D, Anderson M, Larson DF. Effect of clenbuterol administration on the healthy murine heart. Perfusion 2008; 23:297-302. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659109104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Clenbuterol has recently been shown to reverse pathologic cardiac remodeling during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support, leading to restored ventricular function and explantation of LVAD devices. However, others have not been able to support these observations. Our hypothesis is that the β2-adrenergic activity of clenbuterol induces cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, resulting in increased interstitial fibrillar collagen content and altered diastolic function that may account for these conflicting reports. The intent of this study is to characterize the effect of clenbuterol on healthy murine hearts with transthoracic echo and histology. C57BL/6 female mice were administered 2.4 µg/kg/day of clenbuterol in the drinking water for 7 days and analysis conducted on day 8–24 hours after the last dose of clenbuterol. Histological analysis demonstrated an increase in left ventricular ECM collagen content in a control group compared with the clenbuterol group (density 0.32 ± 0.16 compared to 2.01 ± 0.30 RD/mm2). The ventricular fibrosis was supported by altered diastolic function measured by transthoracic echo where there was a significant increase in isovolumic relaxation time, and left atrial dimension and a decrease in left ventricular free wall tissue Doppler ratios. Our study showed no significant differences in left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output, or heart rate between the clenbuterol and control groups. These data suggest that the β-2 adrenergic activity of clenbuterol increases ECM fibrillar collagen concentrations in normal hearts, resulting in altered diastolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moore
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - M Anderson
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - DF Larson
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There is considerable increase in the use of left ventricular assist devices for the treatment of severe heart failure. Traditionally viewed as a bridge to transplantation and more recently as a destination therapy, left ventricular assist device support is now recognized to offer potential for myocardial recovery through reverse remodeling, a potential that is further enhanced by combination with pharmacologic therapy. In this study, we examine the molecular changes associated with left ventricular assist device support and how these may contribute to the recovery process. RECENT FINDINGS Studies in both patients and experimental models have demonstrated that improved function is associated with alterations in several key pathways including cell survival, cytokine signaling, calcium handling, adrenergic receptor signaling, cytoskeletal and contractile proteins, energy metabolism, extracellular matrix, and endothelial and microvascular functions. Moreover, the unique research opportunities offered by left ventricular assist device analysis are beginning to distinguish changes associated with recovery from those of mechanical unloading alone and identify potential predictors and novel therapeutic targets capable of enhancing myocardial repair. SUMMARY Significant progress has been made toward revealing molecular changes associated with myocardial recovery from heart failure. These studies also offer new insight into the pathogenesis of heart failure and point to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Liu P, Xiang JZ, Zhao L, Yang L, Hu BR, Fu Q. Effect of beta2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts and cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:661-9. [PMID: 18501112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To observe the effect of beta2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in isolated rat hearts and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. METHODS Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 30 min global ischemia and 60 min reperfusion on a Langendorff apparatus. Cardiac function was evaluated by heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure, maximal rise rate of left ventricular pressure [+dp/dt(max)], and the coronary effluent (CF). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the coronary effluent, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Ca2+-ATPase activity in the cardiac tissue were measured using commercial kits. The apoptotic cardiomyocyte was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA levels and the expression of caspase-3 were detected by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Cultured newborn rat cardiomyocytes were preincubated with clenbuterol, and oxidative stress injury was induced by H2O2. Cell viability and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM). RESULTS In the isolated rat hearts after I/R injury, clenbuterol significantly improved diastolic function (LVEDP and CF) and Ca2+-ATPase activity. Treatment with clenbuterol increased SOD activity and decreased the MDA level and LDH release compared with the I/R group (P<0.05). Moreover, clenbuterol decreased apoptosis, which was associated with a reduction in TUNEL-positive cells, Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA, and caspase-3 expression. In H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury, clenbuterol increased cell viability and attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Pretreatment with ICI118551 (selective beta2-adrenergic antagonist) decreased these effects compared with the clenbuterol-treated group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Clenbuterol ameliorated ventricular diastolic function by enhancing Ca2+-ATPase activity and reduced oxidative stress and cardiac myocyte apoptosis in an experimental rat model of myocardium I/R. It decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by H2O2 in vitro. It plays a key role in the cardiac protection against myocardium I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Hospital Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Ahmet I, Krawczyk M, Zhu W, Woo AYH, Morrell C, Poosala S, Xiao RP, Lakatta EG, Talan MI. Cardioprotective and Survival Benefits of Long-Term Combined Therapy with β2 Adrenoreceptor (AR) Agonist and β1 AR Blocker in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Postmyocardial Infarction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 325:491-9. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.135335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Soppa GKR, Lee J, Stagg MA, Felkin LE, Barton PJR, Siedlecka U, Youssef S, Yacoub MH, Terracciano CMN. Role and possible mechanisms of clenbuterol in enhancing reverse remodelling during mechanical unloading in murine heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 77:695-706. [PMID: 18178572 PMCID: PMC5436743 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Combined left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and pharmacological therapy has been proposed to favour myocardial recovery in patients with end-stage heart failure (HF). Clenbuterol (Clen), a β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) agonist, has been used as a part of this strategy. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of clenbuterol on unloaded myocardium in HF. Methods and results Left coronary artery ligation or sham operation was performed in male Lewis rats. After 4–6 weeks, heterotopic abdominal transplantation of the failing hearts into normal recipients was performed to induce LV unloading (UN). Recipient rats were treated with saline (Sal) or clenbuterol (2 mg/kg/day) via osmotic minipumps (HF + UN + Sal or HF + UN + Clen) for 7 days. Non-transplanted HF animals were treated with Sal (Sham + Sal, HF + Sal) or clenbuterol (HF + Clen). LV myocytes were isolated and studied using optical, fluorescence, and electrophysiological techniques. Clenbuterol treatment improved in vivo LV function measured with echocardiography (LVEF (%): HF 35.9 ± 2 [16], HF + Clen 52.1 ± 1.4 [16]; P < 0.001; mean ± SEM [n]). In combination with unloading, clenbuterol increased sarcomere shortening (amplitude (µm): HF + UN + Clen 0.1 ± 0.01 [50], HF + UN + Sal 0.07 ± 0.01 [38]; P < 0.001) by normalizing the depressed myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+ (slope of the linear relationship between Ca2+ transient and sarcomere shortening hysteresis loop during relaxation (μm/ratio unit): HF + UN + Clen 2.13 ± 0.2 [52], HF + UN + Sal 1.42 ± 0.13 [38]; P < 0.05). Conclusion Clenbuterol treatment of failing rat hearts, alone or in combination with mechanical unloading, improves LV function at the whole-heart and cellular levels by affecting cell morphology, excitation–contraction coupling, and myofilament sensitivity to calcium. This study supports the use of this drug in the strategy to enhance recovery in HF patients treated with LVADs and also begins to elucidate some of the possible cellular mechanisms responsible for the improvement in LV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal K R Soppa
- Heart Science Centre, Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, Laboratory of Cellular Electrophysiology, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, UK
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Fu GS, Huang H, Chen F, Wang HP, Qian LB, Ke XY, Xia Q. Carvedilol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 567:223-30. [PMID: 17559835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2006] [Revised: 01/28/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The beta-blocker, carvedilol has an additional endothelium-dependent vasodilating properties in patients with hypertension or heart failure. Whether carvedilol can improve endothelium-dependent relaxation in a diabetic animal model and its mechanism of action are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of carvedilol on the endothelial-response of aortas from diabetic rats and the underlying mechanism. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced endothelium-independent relaxation, and expression of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) mRNA were measured in aortas isolated from both non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The level of NO in serum was also measured 5 weeks after carvedilol administration (1 or 10 mg/kg/day). Endothelium-dependent relaxation declined along with the decrease of serum NO level in aortas from diabetic rats. Treatment with carvedilol for 5 weeks prevented the inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation and the decrease of serum NO levels caused by diabetes. The expression of NOS3 mRNA, protein expression and NOS3 phosphorylation at Ser1177 in diabetic rat aorta was very low in untreated diabetic aortas compared with the healthy group. Administration of carvedilol not only significantly increased the expression of NOS3 mRNA but also protein expression and NOS3 phosphorylation at Ser1177 in the healthy and diabetic groups. In conclusion, chronic carvedilol administration significantly ameliorated the endothelial dysfunction in diabetic rat aortas, in which increased NO level, up-regulated NOS3 mRNA and phosphorylation at Ser1177 may be involved.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Carbazoles/pharmacology
- Carvedilol
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Isometric Contraction/drug effects
- Male
- Nitric Oxide/blood
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/biosynthesis
- Phosphorylation
- Propanolamines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310016, China
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Burniston JG, Tan LB, Goldspink DF. Relative myotoxic and haemodynamic effects of the beta-agonists fenoterol and clenbuterol measured in conscious unrestrained rats. Exp Physiol 2006; 91:1041-9. [PMID: 16973691 PMCID: PMC1828613 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.035014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The beta(2)-adrenoceptor (beta(2)-AR) agonists clenbuterol and fenoterol have similar beneficial effects in animal models of heart failure. However, large doses of clenbuterol can induce cardiomyocyte death, and it is not known which of these agents has the most favourable therapeutic profile. We have investigated the cardiotoxicity of clenbuterol and fenoterol alongside that of isoprenaline, and compared their haemodynamic effects. Wistar rats (n = 6 per group) were subcutaneously injected with each beta-agonist (0.003-3 mmol kg(-1)) or saline, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by caspase 3 immunohistochemistry. In a separate experiment, rats (n = 4) were given equivalent doses to those used in the myotoxicity studies, in a randomized cross-over design, and their blood pressure recorded via radiotelemetry. Injection of 0.3 mmol kg(-1) fenoterol or isoprenaline, but not clenbuterol, induced significant cardiomyocyte apoptosis (0.4 +/- 0.05%; P < 0.05). At 3 mmol kg(-1), all agonists induced apoptosis (fenoterol, 1.1 +/- 0.1%; isoprenaline, 0.9 +/- 0.8%; and clenbuterol, 0.4 +/- 0.07%; P < 0.05). beta(1)-Adrenoceptor antagonism (10 mg kg(-1) bisoprolol) prevented 92% (P < 0.05) of apoptosis induced by all three agonists, but clenbuterol-induced apoptosis could also be prevented by 96% (P < 0.05) by beta(2)-AR antagonism (10 mg kg(-1) ICI 118 551). Clenbuterol decreased diastolic (1.3- to 1.6-fold; P < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure (1.3-fold; P < 0.05), and doses > 0.3 mmol kg(-1) increased heart rate (1.4-fold; P < 0.05). Fenoterol increased heart rate (1.2- to 1.4-fold; P < 0.05), and doses > 0.3 mmol kg(-1) decreased diastolic blood pressure (1.3-fold; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the cardiotoxicity of fenoterol was similar to isoprenaline and greater than clenbuterol, and fenoterol had less desirable haemodynamic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin G Burniston
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Webster Street, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK.
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