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Chagraoui A, Di Giovanni G, De Deurwaerdère P. Neurobiological and Pharmacological Perspectives of D3 Receptors in Parkinson’s Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020243. [PMID: 35204744 PMCID: PMC8961531 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the D3 receptor (D3R) subtypes of dopamine (DA) has generated an understandable increase in interest in the field of neurological diseases, especially Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, although DA replacement therapy with l-DOPA has provided an effective treatment for patients with PD, it is responsible for invalidating abnormal involuntary movements, known as L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, which constitutes a serious limitation of the use of this therapy. Of particular interest is the finding that chronic l-DOPA treatment can trigger the expression of D1R–D3R heteromeric interactions in the dorsal striatum. The D3R is expressed in various tissues of the central nervous system, including the striatum. Compelling research has focused on striatal D3Rs in the context of PD and motor side effects, including dyskinesia, occurring with DA replacement therapy. Therefore, this review will briefly describe the basal ganglia (BG) and the DA transmission within these brain regions, before going into more detail with regard to the role of D3Rs in PD and their participation in the current treatments. Numerous studies have also highlighted specific interactions between D1Rs and D3Rs that could promote dyskinesia. Finally, this review will also address the possibility that D3Rs located outside of the BG may mediate some of the effects of DA replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Différenciation et Communication Neuroendocrine, Endocrine et Germinale Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), University of Rouen, INSERM 1239, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-35-14-83-69
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEDEX, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
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2
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Meszaros J, Cheung T, Erler MM, Kang UJ, Sames D, Kellendonk C, Sulzer D. Evoked transients of pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter reveal dopamine hot spots in the globus pallidus. eLife 2018; 7:42383. [PMID: 30566076 PMCID: PMC6324876 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurotransmission is suspected to play important physiological roles in multiple sparsely innervated brain nuclei, but there has not been a means to measure synaptic dopamine release in such regions. The globus pallidus externa (GPe) is a major locus in the basal ganglia that displays a sparse innervation of en passant dopamine axonal fibers. Due to the low levels of innervation that preclude electrochemical analysis, it is unknown if these axons engage in neurotransmission. To address this, we introduce an optical approach using a pH-sensitive fluorescent false neurotransmitter, FFN102, that exhibits increased fluorescence upon exocytosis from the acidic synaptic vesicle to the neutral extracellular milieu. In marked contrast to the striatum, FFN102 transients in the mouse GPe were spatially heterogeneous and smaller than in striatum with the exception of sparse hot spots. GPe transients were also significantly enhanced by high frequency stimulation. Our results support hot spots of dopamine release from substantia nigra axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Meszaros
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Timothy Cheung
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Maya M Erler
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Un Jung Kang
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry and NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, United States
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3
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Nguyen MD, Wang Y, Ganesana M, Venton BJ. Transient Adenosine Release Is Modulated by NMDA and GABA B Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:376-385. [PMID: 28071892 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a neuroprotective agent that modulates neurotransmission and is modulated by other neurotransmitters. Spontaneous, transient adenosine is a recently discovered mode of signaling where adenosine is released and cleared from the extracellular space quickly, in less than three seconds. Spontaneous adenosine release is regulated by adenosine A1 and A2a receptors, but regulation by other neurotransmitter receptors has not been studied. Here, we examined the effect of glutamate and GABA receptors on the concentration and frequency of spontaneous, transient adenosine release by measuring adenosine with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in the rat caudate-putamen. The glutamate NMDA antagonist, 3-(R-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP, 6.25 mg/kg i.p.), increased the frequency of adenosine transients and the concentration of individual transients, but NMDA (agonist, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) did not change the frequency. In contrast, antagonists of other glutamate receptors had no effect on the frequency or concentration of transient adenosine release, including the AMPA antagonist NBQX (15 mg/kg i.p.) and the mGlu2/3 glutamate receptor antagonist LY 341495 (5 mg/kg i.p.). The GABAB antagonist CGP 52432 (30 mg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased the number of adenosine release events while the GABAB agonist baclofen (4 mg/kg i.p.) increased the frequency of adenosine release. The GABAA antagonist bicuculline (5 mg/kg i.p.) had no significant effects on adenosine. NMDA and GABAB likely act presynaptically, affecting the overall cell excitability for vesicular release. The ability to regulate adenosine with NMDA and GABAB receptors will help control the modulatory effects of transient adenosine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry and
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
- Department
of Chemistry and
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - B. Jill Venton
- Department
of Chemistry and
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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4
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Abstract
The mass transport or flux of neurochemicals in the brain and how this flux affects chemical measurements and their interpretation is reviewed. For all endogenous neurochemicals found in the brain, the flux of each of these neurochemicals exists between sources that produce them and the sites that consume them all within μm distances. Principles of convective-diffusion are reviewed with a significant emphasis on the tortuous paths and discrete point sources and sinks. The fundamentals of the primary methods of detection, microelectrodes and microdialysis sampling of brain neurochemicals are included in the review. Special attention is paid to the change in the natural flux of the neurochemicals caused by implantation and consumption at microelectrodes and uptake by microdialysis. The detection of oxygen, nitric oxide, glucose, lactate, and glutamate, and catecholamines by both methods are examined and where possible the two techniques (electrochemical vs. microdialysis) are compared. Non-invasive imaging methods: magnetic resonance, isotopic fluorine MRI, electron paramagnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography are also used for different measurements of the above-mentioned solutes and these are briefly reviewed. Although more sophisticated, the imaging techniques are unable to track neurochemical flux on short time scales, and lack spatial resolution. Where possible, determinations of flux using imaging are compared to the more classical techniques of microdialysis and microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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5
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Morales I, Sanchez A, Rodriguez-Sabate C, Rodriguez M. The degeneration of dopaminergic synapses in Parkinson's disease: A selective animal model. Behav Brain Res 2015; 289:19-28. [PMID: 25907749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Available evidence increasingly suggests that the degeneration of dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease starts in the striatal axons and synaptic terminals. A selective procedure is described here to study the mechanisms involved in the striatal denervation of dopaminergic terminals. This procedure can also be used to analyze mechanisms involved in the dopaminergic re-innervation of the striatum, and the role of astrocytes and microglia in both processes. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected in the lateral ventricles with increasing doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (12-50 μg), which generated a dose-dependent loss of dopaminergic synapses and axons in the striatum, followed by an axonal sprouting (weeks later) and by a progressive recovery of striatal dopaminergic synapses (months later). Both the degeneration and regeneration of the dopaminergic terminals were accompanied by astrogliosis. Because the experimental manipulations did not induce unspecific damage in the striatal tissue, this method could be particularly suitable to study the basic mechanisms involved in the distal degeneration and regeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, and the possible role of astrocytes and microglia in the dynamics of both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Clara Rodriguez-Sabate
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Taylor IM, Nesbitt KM, Walters SH, Varner EL, Shu Z, Bartlow KM, Jaquins-Gerstl AS, Michael AC. Kinetic diversity of dopamine transmission in the dorsal striatum. J Neurochem 2015; 133:522-31. [PMID: 25683259 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA), a highly significant neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, operates on multiple time scales to affect a diverse array of physiological functions. The significance of DA in human health is heightened by its role in a variety of pathologies. Voltammetric measurements of electrically evoked DA release have brought to light the existence of a patchwork of DA kinetic domains in the dorsal striatum (DS) of the rat. Thus, it becomes necessary to consider how these domains might be related to specific aspects of DA's functions. Responses evoked in the fast and slow domains are distinct in both amplitude and temporal profile. Herein, we report that responses evoked in fast domains can be further classified into four distinct types, types 1-4. The DS, therefore, exhibits a total of at least five distinct evoked responses (four fast types and one slow type). All five response types conform to kinetic models based entirely on first-order rate expressions, which indicates that the heterogeneity among the response types arises from kinetic diversity within the DS terminal field. We report also that functionally distinct subregions of the DS express DA kinetic diversity in a selective manner. Thus, this study documents five response types, provides a thorough kinetic explanation for each of them, and confirms their differential association with functionally distinct subregions of this key DA terminal field. The dorsal striatum is composed of five significantly different dopamine domains (types 1-4 and slow, average ± SEM responses to medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation are shown in the figure). Responses from each of these five domains exhibit significantly different ascending and descending kinetic profiles and return to a long lasting elevated dopamine state, termed the dopamine hang-up. All features of these responses are modeled with high correlation using first-order modeling as well as our recently published restricted diffusion model of evoked dopamine overflow. We also report that functionally distinct subregions of the dorsal striatum express selective dopamine kinetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mitch Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Neurobiological model of stimulated dopamine neurotransmission to interpret fast-scan cyclic voltammetry data. Brain Res 2014; 1599:67-84. [PMID: 25527399 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is an electrochemical method that can assess real-time in vivo dopamine (DA) concentration changes to study the kinetics of DA neurotransmission. Electrical stimulation of dopaminergic (DAergic) pathways can elicit FSCV DA responses that largely reflect a balance of DA release and reuptake. Interpretation of these evoked DA responses requires a framework to discern the contribution of DA release and reuptake. The current, widely implemented interpretive framework for doing so is the Michaelis-Menten (M-M) model, which is grounded on two assumptions- (1) DA release rate is constant during stimulation, and (2) DA reuptake occurs through dopamine transporters (DAT) in a manner consistent with M-M enzyme kinetics. Though the M-M model can simulate evoked DA responses that rise convexly, response types that predominate in the ventral striatum, the M-M model cannot simulate dorsal striatal responses that rise concavely. Based on current neurotransmission principles and experimental FSCV data, we developed a novel, quantitative, neurobiological framework to interpret DA responses that assumes DA release decreases exponentially during stimulation and continues post-stimulation at a diminishing rate. Our model also incorporates dynamic M-M kinetics to describe DA reuptake as a process of decreasing reuptake efficiency. We demonstrate that this quantitative, neurobiological model is an extension of the traditional M-M model that can simulate heterogeneous regional DA responses following manipulation of stimulation duration, frequency, and DA pharmacology. The proposed model can advance our interpretive framework for future in vivo FSCV studies examining regional DA kinetics and their alteration by disease and DA pharmacology.
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8
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Bolea I, Colivicchi MA, Ballini C, Marco-Contelles J, Tipton KF, Unzeta M, Della Corte L. Neuroprotective effects of the MAO-B inhibitor, PF9601N, in an in vivo model of excitotoxicity. CNS Neurosci Ther 2014; 20:641-50. [PMID: 24767579 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PF9601N [N-(2-propynyl)-2-(5-benzyloxy-indolyl) methylamine] is an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), which has shown to possess neuroprotective properties in several in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). As there is evidence that excitotoxicity may be implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases, the aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of PF9601N in an acute in vivo model of excitotoxicity induced by the local administration of kainic acid during striatal microdialysis in adult rats. METHODS The basal and evoked release of neurotransmitters was monitored by HPLC analysis of microdialysate samples and tissue damage was evaluated histologically "ex vivo." RESULTS PF9601N (40 mg/kg, single i.p. administration) reduced the kainate-evoked release of glutamate and aspartate and increased taurine release, but it had no effect on the release of dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA. PF9601N pretreatment also resulted in a significant reduction in the kainate-induced astrocytosis, microgliosis, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest PF9601N to be a good candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases mediated by excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bolea
- Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino (NEUROFARBA), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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9
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Castaño JG, González C, Obeso JA, Rodriguez M. Molecular Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Parkinson’s Disease: New Targets for New Therapies. EMERGING DRUGS AND TARGETS FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737357-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex chronic neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. A conceptual framework for all chronic diseases involves a series of channels or pathways (aging, genetic, environment, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, protein aggregation, etc.) and their interactions. Those channels with specificities may explain the ‘developmental’ program that through transcriptional reprogramming results in stressed dopamine neurons that eventually become dysfunctional or die, giving rise to the clinical manifestations of PD. In Chapter 2 we review the molecular mechanisms of those channels that may be implicated in the pathogenesis of PD and the pathophysiology of the disease based on the anatomo‐physiological complexity of the basal ganglia. This illustrates that understanding the molecular mechanisms of a disease may not be enough, or we have to reach an adequate system level to understand the disease process. Finally, we suggest that common therapies used for the treatment of other chronic diseases may be useful for the treatment (or help to advance the understanding) of PD, as well as new targets for new therapies that may be useful in the prevention of, or to stop the progression of, PD and other synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G. Castaño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen González
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Albacete Spain
| | - José A. Obeso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Madrid Spain
- Laboratorio de Trastornos del Movimiento, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
| | - Manuel Rodriguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas Madrid Spain
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine University of La Laguna Tenerife Canary Islands
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10
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Morales I, Sabate M, Rodriguez M. Striatal glutamate induces retrograde excitotoxicity and neuronal degeneration of intralaminar thalamic nuclei: their potential relevance for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2172-82. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Sabate
- Department of Pharmacology and Physical Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of La Laguna; Service of Rehabilitation HUC; La Laguna; Tenerife; Canary Islands; Spain
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11
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A method for the intracranial delivery of reagents to voltammetric recording sites. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 208:101-7. [PMID: 22580054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber microelectrodes are widely used for electrochemical monitoring in the intact brain. The local delivery of reagents to the recording site is often desirable. The approach of co-implanting a micropipette near the microelectrode presents some limitations that are overcome by the use of double-barreled devices. One barrel supports the carbon fiber and the other barrel serves as a pipet for local reagent delivery. Some studies have used iontophoretic delivery but here we consider the alternative approach of pressure ejection. However, placing the pipet so close to the electrode raises the risk that reagent can leak into the recording site. This problem is easily solved. We filled the tip of the pipet with vehicle solution, the barrel with a reagent solution, and separated the two solutions with an air gap to prevent their mixing. With this approach, reagent is delivered only after 'priming' pressure pulses: we show in two examples that unintended reagent delivery (leakage) prior to the priming pulses is non-detectable.
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12
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Morales I, Rodriguez M. Self-induced accumulation of glutamate in striatal astrocytes and basal ganglia excitotoxicity. Glia 2012; 60:1481-94. [PMID: 22715058 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Excitotoxicity induced by high levels of extracellular glutamate (GLU) has been proposed as a cause of cell degeneration in basal ganglia disorders. This phenomenon is normally prevented by the astrocytic GLU-uptake and the GLU-catabolization to less dangerous molecules. However, high-GLU can induce reactive gliosis which could change the neuroprotective role of astrocytes. The striatal astrocyte response to high GLU was studied here in an in vivo rat preparation. The transient striatal perfusion of GLU (1 h) by reverse microdialysis induced complex reactive gliosis which persisted for weeks and which was different for radial-like glia, protoplasmic astrocytes and fibrous astrocytes. This gliosis was accompanied by a persistent cytosolic accumulation of GLU (immunofluorescence quantified by confocal microscope), which persisted for weeks (self-induced glutamate accumulation), and which was associated to a selective decrease of glutamine synthetase activity. This massive and persistent self-induced glutamate accumulation in striatal astrocytes could be an additional factor for the GLU-induced excitotoxicity, which has been implicated in the progression of different basal ganglia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Morales
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
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13
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Unal B, Ibáñez-Sandoval O, Shah F, Abercrombie ED, Tepper JM. Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing interneurons with respect to anatomical organization of the neostriatum. Front Syst Neurosci 2011; 5:41. [PMID: 21713112 PMCID: PMC3112318 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2011.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown in vitro that striatal tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing interneurons identified in transgenic mice by expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (TH-eGFP) display electrophysiological profiles that are distinct from those of other striatal interneurons. Furthermore, striatal TH-eGFP interneurons show marked diversity in their electrophysiological properties and have been divided into four distinct subtypes. One question that arises from these observations is whether striatal TH-eGFP interneurons are distributed randomly, or obey some sort of organizational plan as has been shown to be the case with other striatal interneurons. An understanding of the striatal TH-eGFP interneuronal patterning is a vital step in understanding the role of these neurons in striatal functioning. Therefore, in the present set of studies the location of electrophysiologically identified striatal TH-eGFP interneurons was mapped. In addition, the distribution of TH-eGFP interneurons with respect to the striatal striosome–matrix compartmental organization was determined using μ-opioid receptor (MOR) immunofluorescence or intrinsic TH-eGFP fluorescence to delineate striosome and matrix compartments. Overall, the distribution of the different TH-eGFP interneuronal subtypes did not differ in dorsal versus ventral striatum. However, striatal TH-eGFP interneurons were found to be mostly in the matrix in the dorsal striatum whereas a significantly higher proportion of these neurons was located in MOR-enriched domains of the ventral striatum. Further, the majority of striatal TH-eGFP interneurons was found to be located within 100 μm of a striosome–matrix boundary. Taken together, the current results suggest that TH-eGFP interneurons obey different organizational principles in dorsal versus ventral striatum, and may play a role in communication between striatal striosome and matrix compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Unal
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Newark, NJ, USA
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14
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Chronic dopaminergic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: from dyskinesias to impulse control disorders. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8:1140-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Obeso JA, Marin C, Rodriguez-Oroz C, Blesa J, Benitez-Temiño B, Mena-Segovia J, Rodríguez M, Olanow CW. The basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease: Current concepts and unexplained observations. Ann Neurol 2009; 64 Suppl 2:S30-46. [PMID: 19127584 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Obeso
- Departments of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurosurgery, Clinica Universitaria and Medical School, Neuroscience Centre, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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16
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Rodriguez M, Gonzalez S, Morales I, Sabate M, Gonzalez-Hernandez T, Gonzalez-Mora JL. Nigrostriatal cell firing action on the dopamine transporter. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:2755-65. [PMID: 17561841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05510.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of nigrostriatal cell firing on the dopamine transporter (DAT) activity of the rat striatum was studied in vivo with amperometric methods. Data were obtained after preventing dopamine (DA) release with alpha-methyl-L-tyrosine and replenishing extracellular DA with local injections. The DA cell stimulation, which under basal conditions increased extracellular DA, decreased DA after this pre-treatment, suggesting that firing activity facilitates the DA cell uptake of DA under these circumstances (drain response). Cocaine and GBR13069 markedly decreased the drain response, suggesting that it is dependent on DAT activation. Data obtained after haloperidol and apomorphine administration showed that the drain response was facilitated by pre-synaptic DA receptor stimulation but that receptors are not a necessary requirement. Two components in the drain response were observed, one with a short latency and duration that needed high-frequency stimuli, and the other with a long latency and duration that was even induced by low-frequency stimuli. This is the first evidence showing that DAT can be activated by the firing activity in nigrostriatal cells in a direct way and without the participation of pre-synaptic DA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Rodriguez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38320 Tenerife, Spain.
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