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Malektaj H, Nour S, Imani R, Siadati MH. Angiogenesis induction as a key step in cardiac tissue Regeneration: From angiogenic agents to biomaterials. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123233. [PMID: 37460050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. After myocardial infarction, the vascular supply of the heart is damaged or blocked, leading to the formation of scar tissue, followed by several cardiac dysfunctions or even death. In this regard, induction of angiogenesis is considered as a vital process for supplying nutrients and oxygen to the cells in cardiac tissue engineering. The current review aims to summarize different approaches of angiogenesis induction for effective cardiac tissue repair. Accordingly, a comprehensive classification of induction of pro-angiogenic signaling pathways through using engineered biomaterials, drugs, angiogenic factors, as well as combinatorial approaches is introduced as a potential platform for cardiac regeneration application. The angiogenic induction for cardiac repair can enhance patient treatment outcomes and generate economic prospects for the biomedical industry. The development and commercialization of angiogenesis methods often involves collaboration between academic institutions, research organizations, and biomedical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Malektaj
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Shirin Nour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Rana Imani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad H Siadati
- Materials Science and Engineering Faculty, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Lv H, Liu B, Qin Y. Investigation of the Effects of Some Cardiovascular Drugs on Angiogenesis by Transgenic Zebrafish. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1958046. [PMID: 37138666 PMCID: PMC10151143 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1958046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Angiogenesis contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Some cardiovascular drugs used in the treatment of CVD have an effect on the process of angiogenesis. Methods Transgenic Tg (flk1: EGFP) zebrafish embryos were used to identify the effects of some cardiovascular drugs on angiogenesis during vertebral development in vivo. Zebrafish embryos at a one-cell stage or two-cell stage were cultured with embryo medium containing cardiovascular drugs at a final solvent concentration of 0.5% (V/V) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 24 hours in 24-well plates. Results We found that 6 drugs including isosorbide mononitrate, amlodipine, bisoprolol fumarate, carvedilol, irbesartan, and rosuvastatin calcium may affect angiogenesis by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway. Conclusion These new findings of some cardiovascular drugs should improve the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongwen Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Wakayama K, Shimamura M, Yoshida S, Hayashi H, Ju N, Nakagami H, Morishita R. Prevention of vascular dementia via immunotherapeutic blockade of renin-angiotensin system in a rat model. Brain Res 2021; 1772:147667. [PMID: 34587500 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As several clinical trials have revealed that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blockers may be efficient in treating vascular dementia (VaD), the long-acting blockade of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) would be useful considering the poor adherence of antihypertensive drugs. Accordingly, we continuously blocked RAS via vaccination and examined the effectiveness of the VaD model in rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were exposed to two-vessel occlusions (2VO) after three injections of Ang II peptide vaccine. The effects of the vaccine were evaluated in the novel object recognition test, brain RAS components, and markers for oligodendrocytes. RESULTS In the vaccinated rats, anti-Ang II antibody titer level was increased in serum until Day 168, but not in cerebral parenchyma. Vaccinated rats showed better object recognition memory with inhibited demyelination in the corpus callosum and activation of astrocytes and microglia. Also, levels of BrdU/GSTπ-positive cells and the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein was increased in vaccinated rats, indicating that the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to mature oligodendrocytes was accelerated. Vaccinated rats showed increased expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2), which was observed in endothelial cells. Angiotensinogen mRNA was decreased at 7 days after 2VO but increased at 14 and 28 days. CONCLUSION Ang II vaccine might have promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation and inhibited astrocytic and microglial activation by stimulating FGF2 signaling in the endothelial cells-oligodendrocyte/astrocyte/microglia coupling. These data indicate the feasibility of Ang II vaccine for preventing progression of vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Wakayama
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Munehisa Shimamura
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Shota Yoshida
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nan Ju
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Department of Health Development and Medicine, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Morishita
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Shen M, Yu M, Qiu C, Zhang G, Li J, Fang W, Wang Q. Myocardial angiogenesis induced by exercise training involves a regulatory mechanism mediated by kinin receptors. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:408-415. [PMID: 33687297 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1896725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is upstream of angiogenic signaling pathway, and to determine the role of the kinin B1 and B2 receptors in myocardial angiogenesis induced by exercise training. METHODS Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to an exercise control (EC) group, a B1 receptor antagonist (B1Ant) group, a B2 receptor antagonist (B2Ant) group, and a double receptor antagonist ((B1+ B2)Ant) group. A myocardial infarction model was employed. Animals in all groups received 30 min of exercise training for 4 weeks. The expression of VEGF and eNOS, capillary supply, and apoptosis rate were evaluated. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF and eNOS showed similar trends in all groups, and were lowest in the (B1+ B2) Ant group, and highest in the EC group. Levels of VEGF and eNOS mRNA were significantly lower in the B1Ant group than in the B2Ant group (p< .001 and p< .05, respectively). VEGF and eNOS protein in the B1Ant group was also significantly lower (p< .01 and p< .05, respectively) than in the B2Ant group. The capillary numbers in the (B1+ B2) Ant group were significantly lower than in the EC group (395.8 ± 105 vs. 1127.9 ± 192.98, respectively). The apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes was highest in the (B1+ B2) Ant group. CONCLUSION KKS may act as an upstream signal transduction pathway for angiogenic factors in myocardial angiogenesis. The B1 and B2 receptors exert additive effects, and the B1 receptor has the most prominent role in mediating KKS-induced myocardial angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Capillaries/metabolism
- Kinins/metabolism
- Male
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/metabolism
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/genetics
- Receptor, Bradykinin B2/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicin, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chengxiu Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicin, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingya Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nursing, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiwen Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicin, The People's Hospital of Longhua District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Bradykinin B2 Receptor Contributes to Inflammatory Responses in Human Endothelial Cells by the Transactivation of the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor FGFR-1. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092638. [PMID: 30200598 PMCID: PMC6163484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of bradykinin (BK) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and angiogenic disorders. In angiogenesis, both stimuli induce a pro-inflammatory signature in endothelial cells, activating an autocrine/paracrine amplification loop that sustains the neovascularization process. Here we investigated the contribution of the FGF-2 pathway in the BK-mediated human endothelial cell permeability and migration, and the role of the B2 receptor (B2R) of BK in this cross-talk. BK (1 µM) upregulated the FGF-2 expression and promoted the FGF-2 signaling, both in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in retinal capillary endothelial cells (HREC) by the activation of Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR-1) and its downstream signaling (fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate: FRSα, extracellular signal–regulated kinases1/2: ERK1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3: STAT3 phosphorylation). FGFR-1 phosphorylation triggered by BK was c-Src mediated and independent from FGF-2 upregulation. Either HUVEC and HREC exposed to BK showed increased permeability, disassembly of adherens and tight-junction, and increased cell migration. B2R blockade by the selective antagonist, fasitibant, significantly inhibited FGF-2/FGFR-1 signaling, and in turn, BK-mediated endothelial cell permeability and migration. Similarly, the FGFR-1 inhibitor, SU5402, and the knock-down of the receptor prevented the BK/B2R inflammatory response in endothelial cells. In conclusion, this work demonstrates the existence of a BK/B2R/FGFR-1/FGF-2 axis in endothelial cells that might be implicated in propagation of angiogenic/inflammatory responses. A B2R blockade, by abolishing the initial BK stimulus, strongly attenuated FGFR-1-driven cell permeability and migration.
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Methodological Approach to Use Fresh and Cryopreserved Vessels as Tools to Analyze Pharmacological Modulation of the Angiogenic Growth. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 68:230-40. [PMID: 27631438 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sprouting of new vessels is greatly influenced by the procedure chosen. We sought to optimize the experimental conditions of the angiogenic growth of fresh and cryopreserved vessels cultured in Matrigel with the aim to use this system to analyze the pharmacological modulation of the process. Segments of second-order branches of rat mesenteric resistance arteries, thoracic aorta of rat or mouse, and cryopreserved rat aorta and human femoral arteries were cultured in Matrigel for 7-21 days in different mediums, as well as in the absence of endothelial or adventitia layer. Quantification of the angiogenic growth was performed by either direct measurement of the mean length of the neovessels or by calcein AM staining and determination of fluorescence intensity and area. Fresh and cryopreserved arterial rings incubated in Matrigel exhibited a spontaneous angiogenic response that was strongly accelerated by fetal calf serum. Addition of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, endothelial growth factor, or recombinant insulin-like growth factor failed to increase aortic sprouting, unless all were added together. Removal of adventitia, but not the endothelial layer, abrogated the angiogenic response of aortic rings. Determination of the mean neovessel length is an easy and accurate method to quantify the angiogenic growth devoid of confounding factors, such as inclusion of other cellular types surrounding the neovessels. Activity of a α1-adrenoceptor agonist (phenylephrine) and its inhibition by a selective antagonist (prazosin) were analyzed to prove the usefulness of the Matrigel system to evaluate the pharmacological modulation of the angiogenic growth.
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Pharmacological inhibition of MAGL attenuates experimental colon carcinogenesis. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:227-236. [PMID: 28193521 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in Western countries. The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG) exerts antiproliferative actions in a number of tumoral cell lines, including CRC cells. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), a serine hydrolase that inactivates 2-AG, is highly expressed in aggressive human cancer cells. Here, we investigated the role of MAGL in experimental colon carcinogenesis. The role of MAGL was assessed in vivo by using the xenograft and the azoxymethane models of colon carcinogenesis; MAGL expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry; 2-AG levels were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; angiogenesis was evaluated in tumor tissues [by microvessel counting and by investigating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) proteins] as well as in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC); cyclin D1 was evaluated by RT-PCR. MAGL and 2-AG were strongly expressed in tumor tissues. The MAGL inhibitor URB602 reduced xenograft tumor volume, this effect being associated to down-regulation of VEGF and FGF-2, reduction in the number of vessels and down-regulation of cyclin D1. In HUVEC, URB602 exerted a direct antiangiogenic effect by inhibiting FGF-2 induced proliferation and migration, and by modulating pro/anti-angiogenic agents. In experiments aiming at investigating the role of MAGL in chemoprevention, URB602 attenuated azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic lesions, polyps and tumors. MAGL, possibly through modulation of angiogenesis, plays a pivotal role in experimental colon carcinogenesis. Pharmacological inhibition of MAGL could represent an innovative therapeutic approach to reduce colorectal tumor progression.
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Monti M, Terzuoli E, Ziche M, Morbidelli L. H2S dependent and independent anti-inflammatory activity of zofenoprilat in cells of the vascular wall. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:426-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Amlodipine Ameliorates Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization in Diabetic Rats through Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3182764. [PMID: 27243031 PMCID: PMC4875975 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3182764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. We investigated whether amlodipine could improve angiogenic responses in a diabetic rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) through improving bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization, in the same way as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Methods. After induction of AMI by coronary artery ligation, diabetic rats were randomly assigned to receive perindopril (2 mgkg−1 day−1), amlodipine (2.5 mgkg−1 day−1), or vehicle by gavage (n = 20 per group). Circulating EPC counts before ligation and on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 after AMI were measured in each group. Microvessel density, cardiac function, and cardiac remodeling were assessed 4 weeks after treatment. The signaling pathway related to EPC mobilization was also measured. Results. Circulating EPC count in amlodipine- and perindopril-treated rats peaked at day 7, to an obvious higher level than the control group peak which was reached earlier (at day 5). Rats treated with amlodipine showed improved postischemia neovascularization and cardiac function, together with reduced cardiac remodeling, decreased interstitial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Amlodipine treatment also increased cardiac SDF-1/CXCR4 expression and gave rise to activation of VEGF/Akt/eNOS signaling in bone marrow. Conclusions. Amlodipine promotes neovascularization by improving EPC mobilization from bone marrow in diabetic rats after AMI, and activation of VEGF/Akt/eNOS signaling may in part contribute to this.
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Morbidelli L, Donnini S, Ziche M. Targeting endothelial cell metabolism for cardio-protection from the toxicity of antitumor agents. CARDIO-ONCOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 2:3. [PMID: 33530139 PMCID: PMC7837145 DOI: 10.1186/s40959-016-0010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, regulating local blood flow and other physiological processes. Chemotherapeutic drugs and target therapies, including antiangiogenic drugs targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or its receptors, not only efficiently act against tumor growth, but may also induce endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular toxicity. Continued research efforts aim to better understand, prevent and mitigate these chemotherapy associated cardiovascular diseases. Conventional chemotherapeutic agents, such as anthracyclines, platinum compounds, and taxanes, and newer targeted agents, such as bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have known risk of cardiovascular toxicity, which can limit their effectiveness by promoting increased morbidity and/or mortality. This review describes a) the activity of anticancer agents in inducing endothelial dysfunction, b) the metabolic pathways and signalling cascades which may be targeted by protective agents able to maintain or restore endothelial cell function, such as endothelial nitric oxide synthase/fibroblast growth factor-2 (eNOS-FGF-2) pathway, and c) the drugs/strategies reported to improve endothelial function and to reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and beta blockers, that are fundamental therapies in chronic heart failure (HF), as well as non-standard HF treatments such ad nitric oxide donors and antioxidant strategies. There is increasing interest in whether ACEi, beta-blockers, and/or statins might prevent and/or therapeutically control cardiotoxic effects in cancer patients. Maintaining endothelial function during or following treatments with chemotherapeutic agents, without affecting anti-tumor drug-effectiveness, is essential for preserving or recovering cardiovascular homeostasis. In this respect, the early detection and immediate therapy of cardiovascular toxicity appear crucial for substantial recovery of cardiac function in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marina Ziche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Terzuoli E, Monti M, Vellecco V, Bucci M, Cirino G, Ziche M, Morbidelli L. Characterization of zofenoprilat as an inducer of functional angiogenesis through increased H2 S availability. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2961-73. [PMID: 25631232 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), an endogenous volatile mediator with pleiotropic functions, promotes vasorelaxation, exerts anti-inflammatory actions and regulates angiogenesis. Previously, the SH-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), zofenopril, was identified as being effective in preserving endothelial function and inducing angiogenesis among ACEIs. Based on the H2 S donor property of its active metabolite zofenoprilat, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether zofenoprilat-induced angiogenesis was due to increased H2 S availability. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HUVECs were used for in vitro studies of angiogenesis, whereas the Matrigel plug assay was used for in vivo assessments. KEY RESULTS Zofenoprilat-treated HUVECs showed an increase in all functional features of the angiogenic process in vitro. As zofenoprilat induced the expression of CSE (cystathionine-γ-lyase) and the continuous production of H2 S, CSE inhibition or silencing blocked the ability of zofenoprilat to induce angiogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular mechanisms underlying H2 S/zofenoprilat-induced angiogenesis were dependent on Akt, eNOS and ERK1/2 cascades. ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP ) channels, the molecular target that mediates part of the vascular functions of H2 S, were shown to be involved in the upstream activation of Akt and ERK1/2. Moreover, the up-regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 was dependent on CSE-derived H2 S response to H2 S and KATP activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Zofenoprilat induced a constant production of H2 S that stimulated the angiogenic process through a KATP channel/Akt/eNOS/ERK1/2 pathway. Thus, zofenopril can be considered as a pro-angiogenic drug acting through H2 S release and production, useful in cardiovascular pathologies where vascular functions need to be re-established and functional angiogenesis induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Terzuoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M Monti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - V Vellecco
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Bucci
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Cirino
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ziche
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - L Morbidelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Inhibitory effects of quercetin on angiogenesis in larval zebrafish and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:360-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Monti M, Terzuoli E, Ziche M, Morbidelli L. The sulphydryl containing ACE inhibitor Zofenoprilat protects coronary endothelium from Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76:171-81. [PMID: 23965518 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric and adult cancer patients, following the use of the antitumor drug Doxorubicin develop cardiotoxicity. Pharmacological protection of microvascular endothelium might produce a double benefit: (i) reduction of myocardial toxicity (the primary target of Doxorubicin action) and (ii) maintenance of the vascular functionality for the adequate delivery of chemotherapeutics to tumor cells. This study was aimed to evaluate the mechanisms responsible of the protective effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) Zofenoprilat against the toxic effects exerted by Doxorubicin on coronary microvascular endothelium. We found that exposure of endothelial cells to Doxorubicin (0.1-1μM range) impaired cell survival by promoting their apoptosis. ERK1/2 related p53 activation, but not reactive oxygen species, was responsible for Doxorubicin induced caspase-3 cleavage. P53 mediated-apoptosis and impairment of survival were reverted by treatment with Zofenoprilat. The previously described PI-3K/eNOS/endogenous fibroblast growth factor signaling was not involved in the protective effect, which, instead, could be ascribed to cystathionine gamma lyase dependent availability of H2S from Zofenoprilat. Furthermore, considering the tumor environment, the treatment of endothelial/tumor co-cultures with Zofenoprilat did not affect the antitumor efficacy of Doxorubicin. In conclusion the ACEI Zofenoprilat exerts a protective effect on Doxorubicin induced endothelial damage, without affecting its antitumor efficacy. Thus, sulfhydryl containing ACEI may be a useful therapy for Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Monti
- Dept. Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via. A. Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
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Shiota M, Hikita Y, Kawamoto Y, Kusakabe H, Tanaka M, Izumi Y, Nakao T, Miura K, Funae Y, Iwao H. Pravastatin-induced proangiogenic effects depend upon extracellular FGF-2. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:2001-9. [PMID: 22117815 PMCID: PMC3822970 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to exert several protective effects on the vasculature that are unrelated to changes in the cholesterol profile, and to induce angiogenesis. The proangiogenic effect exerted by statins has been attributed to the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in endothelial cells; however, it is unclear how statins activate this pathway. Pravastatin-mediated activation of Akt and MAPK occurs rapidly (within 10 min.) and at low doses (10 nM). Here, we hypothesized that FGF-2 contributes to the proangiogenic effect of statins. We found that pravastatin, a hydrophilic statin, induced phosphorylation of the FGF receptor (FGFR) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. SU5402, an inhibitor of FGFR, abolished pravastatin-induced PI3K/Akt and MAPK activity. Likewise, anti-FGF-2 function-blocking antibodies inhibited Akt and MAPK activity. Moreover, depletion of extracellular FGF-2 by heparin prevented pravastatin-induced phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK. Treatment with FGF-2 antibody inhibited pravastatin-enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. These observations indicate that pravastatin exerts proangiogenic effects in endothelial cells depending upon the extracellular FGF-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shiota
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan.
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Finetti F, Basile A, Capasso D, Di Gaetano S, Di Stasi R, Pascale M, Turco CM, Ziche M, Morbidelli L, D'Andrea LD. Functional and pharmacological characterization of a VEGF mimetic peptide on reparative angiogenesis. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:303-11. [PMID: 22554565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Low molecular weight molecules able to stimulate angiogenesis have interesting medical application for example in regenerative medicine, but at present none has reached the clinic. We reported that a VEGF mimetic helical peptide, QK, designed on the VEGF helix sequence 17-25, is able to bind and activate the VEGF receptors, producing angiogenesis. In this study we evaluate the pharmacological properties of peptide QK with the aim to propose it as a VEGF-mimetic drug to be employed in reparative angiogenesis. We show that the peptide QK is able to recapitulate all the biological activities of VEGF in vivo and on endothelial cells. In experiments evaluating sprouting from aortic ring and vessel formation in an in vivo angiogenesis model, the peptide QK showed biological effects comparable with VEGF. At endothelial level, the peptide up-regulates VEGF receptor expression, activates intracellular pathways depending on VEGFR2, and consistently it induces endothelial cell proliferation, survival and migration. When added to angiogenic factors (VEGF and/or FGF-2), QK produces an improved biological action, which resulted in reduced apoptosis and accelerated in vitro wound healing. The VEGF-like activity of the short peptide QK, characterized by lower cost of production and easier handling compared to the native glycoprotein, suggests that it is an attractive candidate to be further developed for application in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Finetti
- Sezione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Fallahzadeh AR, Khazaei M, Sharifi MR. RESTORATION OF ANGIOGENESIS BY ENALAPRIL IN DIABETIC HINDLIMB ISCHEMC RATS. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011; 155:137-42. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.2011.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Mackovicova K, Gazova A, Kucerova D, Gajdacova B, Klimas J, Ochodnicky P, Goncalvesova E, Kyselovic J, Krenek P. Enalapril decreases cardiac mass and fetal gene expression without affecting the expression of endothelin-1, transforming growth factor β-1, or cardiotrophin-1 in the healthy normotensive rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:197-205. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II can induce cardiac hypertrophy by stimulating the release of growth factors. ACE inhibitors reduce angiotensin II levels and cardiac hypertrophy, but their effects on the healthy heart are largely unexplored. We hypothesized that ACE inhibition decreases left ventricular mass in normotensive animals and that this is associated with altered expression of cardiac fetal genes, growth factors, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Wistar rats (n = 7 per group) were orally administered with enalapril twice daily for a total daily dose of 5 mg·kg–1·d–1 (ENAP5) or 15 mg·kg–1·d–1 (ENAP15) or vehicle. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Left ventricular expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (MYH6) and -β (MYH7), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and renal renin were examined by real-time PCR, and eNOS using Western blot. Blood pressure was decreased only in ENAP15 animals (p < 0.05 vs. Control), whereas left ventricular mass decreased after both doses of enalapril (p < 0.05 vs. Control). MYH7 and ANP were reduced in ENAP15, while no changes in ET-1, TGFβ-1, CT-1, and MYH6 mRNA or eNOS protein were observed. Renal renin dose-dependently increased after enalapril treatment. Enalapril significantly decreased left ventricular mass even after 1 week treatment in the normotensive rat. This was associated with a decreased expression of the fetal genes MYH7 and ANP, but not expression of ET-1, CT-1, or TGFβ-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Mackovicova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Gazova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Kucerova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beata Gajdacova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Ochodnicky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Goncalvesova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Heart Transplantation, The National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Pod Krásnou hôrkou 1, 833 48 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Zucker IH, Zimmerman MC. The renin-angiotensin system in 2011: new avenues for translational research. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2011; 11:101-4. [PMID: 21371939 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on interleukin-1 beta and postoperative pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study in breast reduction patients. Plast Reconstr Surg 2010; 125:1620-1629. [PMID: 20527063 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e3181c9f6d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons seek new methods of pain control to reduce side effects and speed postoperative recovery. Pulsed electromagnetic fields are effective for bone and wound repair and pain and edema reduction. This study examined whether the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on postoperative pain was associated with differences in levels of cytokines and angiogenic factors in the wound bed. METHODS In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study, 24 patients, undergoing breast reduction for symptomatic macromastia received pulsed electromagnetic field therapy configured to modulate the calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide signaling pathway. Pain levels were measured by a visual analogue scale, and narcotic use was recorded. Wound exudates were analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor-2. RESULTS Pulsed electromagnetic fields produced a 57 percent decrease in mean pain scores at 1 hour (p < 0.01) and a 300 percent decrease at 5 hours (p < 0.001), persisting to 48 hours postoperatively in the active versus the control group, along with a concomitant 2.2-fold reduction in narcotic use in active patients (p = 0.002). Mean IL-1 beta concentration in the wound exudates of treated patients was 275 percent lower (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences found for tumor necrosis factor-alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, or fibroblast growth factor-2 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy significantly reduced postoperative pain and narcotic use in the immediate postoperative period. The reduction of IL-1 beta in the wound exudate supports a mechanism that may involve manipulation of the dynamics of endogenous IL-1 beta in the wound bed by means of a pulsed electromagnetic field effect on nitric oxide signaling, which could impact the speed and quality of wound repair.
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Kuhr F, Lowry J, Zhang Y, Brovkovych V, Skidgel RA. Differential regulation of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase by kinin B1 and B2 receptors. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:145-54. [PMID: 20045558 PMCID: PMC2830320 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kinins are vasoactive peptides that play important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis, pain and inflammation. After release from their precursor kininogens, kinins or their C-terminal des-Arg metabolites activate two distinct G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), called B2 (B2R) or B1 (B1R). The B2R is expressed constitutively with a wide tissue distribution. In contrast, the B1R is not expressed under normal conditions but is upregulated by tissue insult or inflammatory mediators. The B2R is considered to mediate many of the acute effects of kinins while the B1R is more responsible for chronic responses in inflammation. Both receptors can couple to Galphai and Galphaq families of G proteins to release mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and can induce the release of other inflammatory agents. The focus of this review is on the different transduction events that take place upon B2R and B1R activation in human endothelial cells that leads to generation of NO via activation of different NOS isoforms. Importantly, B2R-mediated eNOS activation leads to a transient ( approximately 5min) output of NO in control endothelial cells whereas in cytokine-treated endothelial cells, B1R activation leads to very high and prolonged ( approximately 90min) NO production that is mediated by a novel signal transduction pathway leading to post-translational activation of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kuhr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, 835 South Wolcott, (M/C 868), Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Erdös EG, Tan F, Skidgel RA. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors are allosteric enhancers of kinin B1 and B2 receptor function. Hypertension 2010; 55:214-20. [PMID: 20065150 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.144600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors go beyond the inhibition of ACE to decrease angiotensin (Ang) II or increase kinin levels. ACE inhibitors also affect kinin B1 and B2 receptor (B1R and B2R) signaling, which may underlie some of their therapeutic usefulness. They can indirectly potentiate the actions of bradykinin (BK) and ACE-resistant BK analogs on B2Rs to elevate arachidonic acid and NO release in laboratory experiments. Studies indicate that ACE inhibitors and some Ang metabolites increase B2R functions as allosteric enhancers by inducing a conformational change in ACE. This is transmitted to B2Rs via heterodimerization with ACE on the plasma membrane of cells. ACE inhibitors are also agonists of the B1R, at a Zn-binding sequence on the second extracellular loop that differs from the orthosteric binding site of the des-Arg-kinin peptide ligands. Thus, ACE inhibitors act as direct allosteric B1R agonists. When ACE inhibitors enhance B2R and B1R signaling, they augment NO production. Enhancement of B2R signaling activates endothelial NO synthase, yielding a short burst of NO; activation of B1Rs results in a prolonged high output of NO by inducible NO synthase. These actions, outside inhibiting peptide hydrolysis, may contribute to the pleiotropic therapeutic effects of ACE inhibitors in various cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin G Erdös
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Ill 60612, USA.
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Donnini S, Terzuoli E, Ziche M, Morbidelli L. Sulfhydryl Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Promotes Endothelial Cell Survival through Nitric-Oxide Synthase, Fibroblast Growth Factor-2, and Telomerase Cross-Talk. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:776-84. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.159178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Clapp C, Thebault S, Jeziorski MC, Martínez De La Escalera G. Peptide hormone regulation of angiogenesis. Physiol Rev 2009; 89:1177-215. [PMID: 19789380 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00024.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now apparent that regulation of blood vessel growth contributes to the classical actions of hormones on development, growth, and reproduction. Endothelial cells are ideally positioned to respond to hormones, which act in concert with locally produced chemical mediators to regulate their growth, motility, function, and survival. Hormones affect angiogenesis either directly through actions on endothelial cells or indirectly by regulating proangiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor. Importantly, the local microenvironment of endothelial cells can determine the outcome of hormone action on angiogenesis. Members of the growth hormone/prolactin/placental lactogen, the renin-angiotensin, and the kallikrein-kinin systems that exert stimulatory effects on angiogenesis can acquire antiangiogenic properties after undergoing proteolytic cleavage. In view of the opposing effects of hormonal fragments and precursor molecules, the regulation of the proteases responsible for specific protein cleavage represents an efficient mechanism for balancing angiogenesis. This review presents an overview of the actions on angiogenesis of the above-mentioned peptide hormonal families and addresses how specific proteolysis alters the final outcome of these actions in the context of health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico.
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Monti M, Donnini S, Giachetti A, Mochly-Rosen D, Ziche M. deltaPKC inhibition or varepsilonPKC activation repairs endothelial vascular dysfunction by regulating eNOS post-translational modification. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 48:746-56. [PMID: 19913548 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The balance between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production determines endothelial-mediated vascular homeostasis. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) has been linked to imbalance of the eNOS/ROS system, which leads to endothelial dysfunction. We previously found that selective inhibition of delta PKC (deltaPKC) or selective activation of epsilon PKC (varepsilonPKC) reduces oxidative damage in the heart following myocardial infarction. In this study we determined the effect of these PKC isozymes in the survival of coronary endothelial cells (CVEC). We demonstrate here that serum deprivation of CVEC increased eNOS-mediated ROS levels, activated caspase-3, reduced Akt phosphorylation and cell number. Treatment with either the deltaPKC inhibitor, deltaV1-1, or the varepsilonPKC activator, psivarepsilonRACK, inhibited these effects, restoring cell survival through inhibition of eNOS activity. The decrease in eNOS activity coincided with specific de-phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1179, and eNOS phosphorylation at Thr497 and Ser116. Furthermore, deltaV1-1 or psivarepsilonRACK induced physical association of eNOS with caveolin-1, an additional marker of eNOS inhibition, and restored Akt activation by inhibiting its nitration. Together our data demonstrate that (1) in endothelial dysfunction, ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation result from uncontrolled eNOS activity mediated by activation of deltaPKC or inhibition of varepsilonPKC; (2) inhibition of deltaPKC or activation of varepsilonPKC corrects the perturbed phosphorylation state of eNOS, thus increasing cell survival. Since endothelial health ensures better tissue perfusion and oxygenation, treatment with a deltaPKC inhibitor and/or an varepsilonPKC activator in diseases of endothelial dysfunction should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Monti
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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Molecular mechanism of limbsʼ postischemic revascularization improved by perindopril in diabetic rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200811010-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Sanchez de Miguel L, Neysari S, Jakob S, Petrimpol M, Butz N, Banfi A, Zaugg CE, Humar R, Battegay EJ. B2-kinin receptor plays a key role in B1-, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-, and vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated in vitro angiogenesis in the hypoxic mouse heart. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 80:106-13. [PMID: 18566101 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition reduces heart disease and vascular stiffness in hypertension and leads to kinin accumulation. In this study, we analysed the role and importance of two kinin receptor subtypes in angiogenesis during ACE inhibition in an in vitro model of angiogenesis of the mouse heart. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we analysed the angiogenic properties of bradykinin and enalapril on wild-type C57Bl/6 and B2 receptor(-/-) mouse heart under normoxia (21% O(2)) and hypoxia (1% O(2)) in vitro and the contribution of B1 and B2 kinin receptors to this effect. Bradykinin induced dose-dependent endothelial sprout formation in vitro in adult mouse heart only under hypoxia (1.7 fold, n = 6, P < 0.05). The B2 receptor mediated sprouting that was induced by bradykinin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF(164); n = 6, P < 0.05), but did not mediate sprouting that was induced by growth factors bFGF or PDGF-BB. Enalapril induced sprouting through both the B1 and B2 kinin receptors, but it required the presence of the B2 receptor in both scenarios and was dependent on BK synthesis. B1-receptor agonists induced sprout formation via the B1 receptor (2.5 fold, n = 6, P < 0.05), but it required the presence of the B2 receptor for them to do so. Both B2-receptor and B1-receptor agonist-induced angiogenesis required nitric oxide biosynthesis. CONCLUSION The kinin B2 receptor plays a crucial role in angiogenesis that is induced by different vasoactive molecules, namely bradykinin, ACE inhibitors, B1-stimulating kinin metabolites, and VEGF164 in an in vitro model of angiogenesis of mouse heart under hypoxia. Therapeutic treatment of hypertensive patients by using ACE inhibitors may potentially benefit the ischaemic heart through inducing B2-dependent heart neovascularization.
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Zhang X, Tan F, Zhang Y, Skidgel RA. Carboxypeptidase M and kinin B1 receptors interact to facilitate efficient b1 signaling from B2 agonists. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:7994-8004. [PMID: 18187413 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709837200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) expression is induced by injury or inflammatory mediators, and its signaling produces both beneficial and deleterious effects. Kinins cleaved from kininogen are agonists of the B2R and must be processed by a carboxypeptidase to generate B1R agonists des-Arg(9)-bradykinin or des-Arg(10)-kallidin. Carboxypeptidase M (CPM) is a membrane protein potentially well suited for this function. Here we show that CPM expression is required to generate a B1R-dependent increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in cells stimulated with B2R agonists kallidin or bradykinin. CPM and the B1R interact on the cell membrane, as shown by co-immunoprecipitation, cross-linking, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis. CPM and B1R are also co-localized in lipid raft/caveolin-enriched membrane fractions, as determined by gradient centrifugation. Treatment of cells co-expressing CPM and B1R with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin to disrupt lipid rafts reduced the B1R-dependent increase in [Ca(2+)](i) in response to B2R agonists, whereas cholesterol treatment enhanced the response. A monoclonal antibody to the C-terminal beta-sheet domain of CPM reduced the B1R response to B2R agonists without inhibiting CPM. Cells expressing a novel fusion protein containing CPM at the N terminus of the B1R also increased [Ca(2+)](i) when stimulated with B2R agonists, but the response was not reduced by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or CPM antibody. A B1R- and CPM-dependent calcium signal in response to B2R agonist bradykinin was also found in endothelial cells that express both proteins. Thus, a close relationship of B1Rs and CPM on the membrane is required for efficiently generating B1R signals, which play important roles in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Morbidelli L, Donnini S, Ziche M. Nitric Oxide in Tumor Angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pezzatini S, Morbidelli L, Solito R, Paccagnini E, Boanini E, Bigi A, Ziche M. Nanostructured HA crystals up-regulate FGF-2 expression and activity in microvascular endothelium promoting angiogenesis. Bone 2007; 41:523-34. [PMID: 17681892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Revised: 05/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mineralized tissue the process of angiogenesis is required for normal osteogenesis during bone repair and in reconstructive and substitutive surgery, for proper biomaterial/tissue integration. Nanotechnologies have been proposed to improve the compatibility of biomaterials for use in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery (e.g., nanocrystals). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) on angiogenesis. Microvascular endothelial cell survival, proliferation and migration, crucial events in the angiogenic process, were evaluated together with cytoskeleton and biochemical signalling markers. Induction of migration, metalloproteinase (MMP-2) and focal adhesion Kinase (FAK) activity documented the ability of HA nanocrystals to stimulate capillary endothelium toward an angiogenic phenotype. HA concentrations, ranging from 2 to 10 microg/ml, promoted endothelium survival and proliferation, preserved alphavbeta3-integrin localization, stimulated beta-actin reorganization and Akt phosphorylation (98% vs control). Immunoassays for key signalling pathways in angiogenesis (i.e., endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)) demonstrated that HA increased their expression. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis confirmed that HA nanocrystals exposure up-regulated FGF-2 mRNA by 6 fold and increased 18 kDa protein isoform by 40%. HA enhanced cell responsiveness to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in terms of NOS activity (1.5 fold over control), increasing the ability of microvascular endothelium to differentiate into capillary-like structures when grown in 3D fibrin gel. In conclusion our data document the proangiogenic properties of HA nanocrystals. This material stimulates endothelial cell functions and biochemical pathways to an extent similar to VEGF, and primes them to VEGF stimulation, leading to differentiation in pseudocapillary formations in 3D matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pezzatini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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