1
|
Kraynak M, Willging MM, Kuehlmann AL, Kapoor AA, Flowers MT, Colman RJ, Levine JE, Abbott DH. Aromatase Inhibition Eliminates Sexual Receptivity Without Enhancing Weight Gain in Ovariectomized Marmoset Monkeys. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac063. [PMID: 35592515 PMCID: PMC9113444 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Ovarian estradiol supports female sexual behavior and metabolic function. While ovariectomy (OVX) in rodents abolishes sexual behavior and enables obesity, OVX in nonhuman primates decreases, but does not abolish, sexual behavior, and inconsistently alters weight gain. Objective We hypothesize that extra-ovarian estradiol provides key support for both functions, and to test this idea, we employed aromatase inhibition to eliminate extra-ovarian estradiol biosynthesis and diet-induced obesity to enhance weight gain. Methods Thirteen adult female marmosets were OVX and received (1) estradiol-containing capsules and daily oral treatments of vehicle (E2; n = 5); empty capsules and daily oral treatments of either (2) vehicle (VEH, 1 mL/kg, n = 4), or (3) letrozole (LET, 1 mg/kg, n = 4). Results After 7 months, we observed robust sexual receptivity in E2, intermediate frequencies in VEH, and virtually none in LET females (P = .04). By contrast, few rejections of male mounts were observed in E2, intermediate frequencies in VEH, and high frequencies in LET females (P = .04). Receptive head turns were consistently observed in E2, but not in VEH and LET females. LET females, alone, exhibited robust aggressive rejection of males. VEH and LET females demonstrated increased % body weight gain (P = .01). Relative estradiol levels in peripheral serum were E2 >>> VEH > LET, while those in hypothalamus ranked E2 = VEH > LET, confirming inhibition of local hypothalamic estradiol synthesis by letrozole. Conclusion Our findings provide the first evidence for extra-ovarian estradiol contributing to female sexual behavior in a nonhuman primate, and prompt speculation that extra-ovarian estradiol, and in particular neuroestrogens, may similarly regulate sexual motivation in other primates, including humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Kraynak
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Molly M Willging
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Center for Women’s Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Alex L Kuehlmann
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Amita A Kapoor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Matthew T Flowers
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Jon E Levine
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - David H Abbott
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Najjar RS, Turner CG, Wong BJ, Feresin RG. Berry-Derived Polyphenols in Cardiovascular Pathologies: Mechanisms of Disease and the Role of Diet and Sex. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020387. [PMID: 33513742 PMCID: PMC7911141 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence, pathogenesis, and manifestation is differentially influenced by biological sex. Berry polyphenols target several signaling pathways pertinent to CVD development, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiac and vascular remodeling, and there are innate differences in these pathways that also vary by sex. There is limited research systematically investigating sex differences in berry polyphenol effects on these pathways, but there are fundamental findings at this time that suggest a sex-specific effect. This review will detail mechanisms within these pathological pathways, how they differ by sex, and how they may be individually targeted by berry polyphenols in a sex-specific manner. Because of the substantial polyphenolic profile of berries, berry consumption represents a promising interventional tool in the treatment and prevention of CVD in both sexes, but the mechanisms in which they function within each sex may vary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami S. Najjar
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
| | - Casey G. Turner
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Brett J. Wong
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; (C.G.T.); (B.J.W.)
| | - Rafaela G. Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sprouse J, Sampath C, Gangula PR. Role of sex hormones and their receptors on gastric Nrf2 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase function in an experimental hyperglycemia model. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:313. [PMID: 32967621 PMCID: PMC7513483 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01453-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroparesis, a condition of abnormal gastric emptying, is most commonly observed in diabetic women. To date, the role of ovarian hormones and/or gastric hormone receptors on regulating nitrergic-mediated gastric motility remains inconclusive. AIM The purpose of this study is to investigate whether sex hormones/their receptors can attenuate altered Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) expression and nitrergic relaxation in gastric neuromuscular tissues exposed to in-vitro hyperglycemia (HG). METHODS Gastric neuromuscular sections from adult female C57BL/6 J mice were incubated in normoglycemic (NG, 5 mM) or hyperglycemic (30 mM or 50 mM) conditions in the presence or absence of selective estrogen receptor (ER) agonists (ERα /PPT or ERβ: DPN); or non-selective sex hormone receptor antagonists (ER/ICI 182,780, or progesterone receptor (PR)/ RU486) for 48 h. mRNA, protein expression and nitrergic relaxation of circular gastric neuromuscular strips were assessed. RESULTS Our findings in HG, compared to NG, demonstrate a significant reduction in ER, Nrf2, and nNOS expression in gastric specimens. In addition, in-vitro treatment with sex hormones and/or their agonists significantly (*p < 0.05) restored Nrf2/nNOSα expression and total nitrite production. Conversely, ER, but not PR, antagonist significantly reduced Nrf2/nNOSα expression and nitrergic relaxation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ER's can regulate nitrergic function by improving Nrf2/nNOS expression in experimental hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Sprouse
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.,Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Chethan Sampath
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Pandu R Gangula
- Department of ODS & Research, School of Dentistry, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Manojlović D, Stupin A, Matić A, Mihaljević Z, Novak S, Drenjančević I. The Role of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Impaired Vascular Relaxation of Aortic Rings in Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley Rats. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:5410108. [PMID: 31049062 PMCID: PMC6458872 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5410108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study was aimed at determining if type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) affects vascular function and at elucidating the mechanisms mediating vasorelaxation in both nonovariectomized and ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty female SD rats were divided into four groups: nonovariectomized healthy (non-OVX-CTR) and diabetic (non-OVX-DM) rats and ovariectomized healthy (OVX-CTR) and diabetic (OVX-DM) rats. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed at the age of 5 weeks, and type 1 DM was induced by streptozotocin at the age of 6 weeks. At the age of 12 weeks, acetylcholine-induced relaxation (AChIR) was assessed in aortic rings in the absence/presence of L-NAME, Indomethacin, and MS-PPOH. Aortic tissue mRNA expression of eNOS, iNOS, COX-1, COX-2, thromboxane synthase 1 (TBXAS1), CYP4A1, CYP4A3, and CYP2J3, as well as plasma oxidative stress, was measured. RESULTS AChIR did not differ in non-OVX-DM rats compared to non-OVX-CTR ones. AChIR was significantly reduced in the OVX-DM group compared to the OVX-CTR group. MS-PPOH did not reduce AChIR in OVX-DM rats as it did in OVX-CTR ones. CYP4a3 mRNA expression in OVX-DM rats was significantly lower compared to that in the OVX-CTR group. CONCLUSIONS Female sex hormones may protect vasorelaxation in type 1 diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes impairs vasorelaxation in response to ACh in ovariectomized rats (but not in nonovariectomized rats) by affecting vasorelaxation pathways mediated by EETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Stupin
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anita Matić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Mihaljević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Sanja Novak
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjančević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hill BJF, Dalton RJ, Joseph BK, Thakali KM, Rusch NJ. 17β-estradiol reduces Ca v 1.2 channel abundance and attenuates Ca 2+ -dependent contractions in coronary arteries. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 5. [PMID: 28971605 PMCID: PMC5625162 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One mechanism by which the female sex may protect against elevated coronary vascular tone is inhibition of Ca2+ entry into arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). In vitro findings confirm that high estrogen concentrations directly inhibit voltage‐dependent Cav1.2 channels in coronary ASMCs. For this study, we hypothesized that the nonacute, in vitro exposure of coronary arteries to a low concentration of 17β‐estradiol (17βE) reduces the expression of Cav1.2 channel proteins in coronary ASMCs. Segments of the right coronary artery obtained from sexually mature female pigs were mounted for isometric tension recording. As expected, our results indicate that high concentrations (≥10 μmol/L) of 17βE acutely attenuated Ca2+‐dependent contractions to depolarizing KCl stimuli. Interestingly, culturing coronary arteries for 24 h in a 10,000‐fold lower concentration (1 nmol/L) of 17βE also attenuated KCl‐induced contractions and reduced the contractile response to the Cav1.2 agonist, FPL64176, by 50%. Western blots revealed that 1 nmol/L 17βE decreased protein expression of the pore‐forming α1C subunit (Cavα) of the Cav1.2 channel by 35%; this response did not depend on an intact endothelium. The 17βE‐induced loss of Cavα protein in coronary arteries was prevented by the estrogen ERα/ERβ antagonist, ICI 182,780, whereas the GPER antagonist, G15, did not prevent it. There was no effect of 1 nmol/L 17βE on Cavα transcript expression. We conclude that 17βE reduces Cav1.2 channel abundance in isolated coronary arteries by a posttranscriptional process. This unrecognized effect of estrogen may confer physiological protection against the development of abnormal Ca2+‐dependent coronary vascular tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent J F Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas Conway, Conway, Arkansas
| | - Robin J Dalton
- Department of Biology, University of Central Arkansas Conway, Conway, Arkansas
| | - Biny K Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center & Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nancy J Rusch
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McArthur S, Loiola RA, Maggioli E, Errede M, Virgintino D, Solito E. The restorative role of annexin A1 at the blood-brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2016; 13:17. [PMID: 27655189 PMCID: PMC5031267 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-016-0043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule that has been extensively studied in the peripheral immune system, but has not as yet been exploited as a therapeutic target/agent. In the last decade, we have undertaken the study of this molecule in the central nervous system (CNS), focusing particularly on the primary interface between the peripheral body and CNS: the blood-brain barrier. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of this molecule in the brain, with a particular emphasis on its functions in the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier, and the protective actions the molecule may exert in neuroinflammatory, neurovascular and metabolic disease. We focus on the possible new therapeutic avenues opened up by an increased understanding of the role of annexin A1 in the CNS vasculature, and its potential for repairing blood-brain barrier damage in disease and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon McArthur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo Azevedo Loiola
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Elisa Maggioli
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Mariella Errede
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Bari University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Bari University School of Medicine, Bari, Italy
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nassi A, Malorgio F, Tedesco S, Cignarella A, Gaion RM. Upregulation of inducible NO synthase by exogenous adenosine in vascular smooth muscle cells activated by inflammatory stimuli in experimental diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:32. [PMID: 26879172 PMCID: PMC4754884 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adenosine has been shown to induce nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although this is interpreted as a beneficial vasodilating pathway in vaso-occlusive disorders, iNOS is also involved in diabetic vascular dysfunction. Because the turnover of and the potential to modulate iNOS by adenosine in experimental diabetes have not been explored, we hypothesized that both the adenosine system and control of iNOS function are impaired in VSMCs from streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin once to induce diabetes. Aortic VSMCs from diabetic and nondiabetic rats were isolated, cultured and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus a cytokine mix for 24 h in the presence or absence of (1) exogenous adenosine and related compounds, and/or (2) pharmacological agents affecting adenosine turnover. iNOS functional expression was determined by immunoblotting and NO metabolite assays. Concentrations of adenosine, related compounds and metabolites thereof were assayed by HPLC. Vasomotor responses to adenosine were determined in endothelium-deprived aortic rings. Results Treatment with adenosine-degrading enzymes or receptor antagonists increased iNOS formation in activated VSMCs from nondiabetic and diabetic rats. Following treatment with the adenosine transport inhibitor NBTI, iNOS levels increased in nondiabetic but decreased in diabetic VSMCs. The amount of secreted NO metabolites was uncoupled from iNOS levels in diabetic VSMCs. Addition of high concentrations of adenosine and its precursors or analogues enhanced iNOS formation solely in diabetic VSMCs. Exogenous adenosine and AMP were completely removed from the culture medium and converted into metabolites. A tendency towards elevated inosine generation was observed in diabetic VSMCs, which were also less sensitive to CD73 inhibition, but inosine supplementation did not affect iNOS levels. Pharmacological inhibition of NOS abolished adenosine-induced vasorelaxation in aortic tissues from diabetic but not nondiabetic animals. Conclusions Endogenous adenosine prevented cytokine- and LPS-induced iNOS activation in VSMCs. By contrast, supplementation with adenosine and its precursors or analogues enhanced iNOS levels in diabetic VSMCs. This effect was associated with alterations in exogenous adenosine turnover. Thus, overactivation of the adenosine system may foster iNOS-mediated diabetic vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nassi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,Transplant Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesca Malorgio
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Serena Tedesco
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Rosa Maria Gaion
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maggioli E, McArthur S, Mauro C, Kieswich J, Kusters DHM, Reutelingsperger CPM, Yaqoob M, Solito E. Estrogen protects the blood-brain barrier from inflammation-induced disruption and increased lymphocyte trafficking. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 51:212-222. [PMID: 26321046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences have been widely reported in neuroinflammatory disorders, focusing on the contributory role of estrogen. The microvascular endothelium of the brain is a critical component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and it is recognized as a major interface for communication between the periphery and the brain. As such, the cerebral capillary endothelium represents an important target for the peripheral estrogen neuroprotective functions, leading us to hypothesize that estrogen can limit BBB breakdown following the onset of peripheral inflammation. Comparison of male and female murine responses to peripheral LPS challenge revealed a short-term inflammation-induced deficit in BBB integrity in males that was not apparent in young females, but was notable in older, reproductively senescent females. Importantly, ovariectomy and hence estrogen loss recapitulated an aged phenotype in young females, which was reversible upon estradiol replacement. Using a well-established model of human cerebrovascular endothelial cells we investigated the effects of estradiol upon key barrier features, namely paracellular permeability, transendothelial electrical resistance, tight junction integrity and lymphocyte transmigration under basal and inflammatory conditions, modeled by treatment with TNFα and IFNγ. In all cases estradiol prevented inflammation-induced defects in barrier function, action mediated in large part through up-regulation of the central coordinator of tight junction integrity, annexin A1. The key role of this protein was then further confirmed in studies of human or murine annexin A1 genetic ablation models. Together, our data provide novel mechanisms for the protective effects of estrogen, and enhance our understanding of the beneficial role it plays in neurovascular/neuroimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Maggioli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - S McArthur
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - C Mauro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - J Kieswich
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - D H M Kusters
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Health System, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, 4062 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, United States
| | - C P M Reutelingsperger
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Yaqoob
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - E Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chis IC, Coseriu A, Simedrea R, Oros A, Nagy AL, Clichici S. In Vivo Effects of Quercetin in Association with Moderate Exercise Training in Improving Streptozotocin-Induced Aortic Tissue Injuries. Molecules 2015; 20:21770-86. [PMID: 26690102 PMCID: PMC6331973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disorder associated with endothelial dysfunction. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and abnormal nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation are the major causal factors in the development of endothelial dysfunction in DM. The prevention of endothelial dysfunction may be a first target against the appearance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. We have investigated the synergistic protective effects of quercetin administration and moderate exercise training on thoracic aorta injuries induced by diabetes. Methods: Diabetic rats that performed exercise training were subjected to a swimming training program (1 h/day, 5 days/week, 4 weeks). The diabetic rats received quercetin (30 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the thoracic aorta was isolated and divided into two parts; one part was immersed in 10% formalin for histopathological evaluations and the other was frozen for the assessment of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, MDA and protein carbonyls groups, PC), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly increased MDA and PC levels, NOx production and iNOS expression and a reduction of SOD and CAT activity in aortic tissues. A decrease in the levels of oxidative stress markers, NOx production and iNOS expression associated with elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes in the aortic tissue were observed in quercetin-treated diabetic trained rats. Conclusions: These findings suggest that quercetin administration in association with moderate exercise training reduces vascular complications and tissue injuries induced by diabetes in rat aorta by decreasing oxidative stress and restoring NO bioavailability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina C Chis
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andrei Coseriu
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 8, Victor Babes Street, RO-400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ramona Simedrea
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Oros
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Number 3-5, Mănăştur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andras L Nagy
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Number 3-5, Mănăştur Street, RO-400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Simona Clichici
- Department of Physiology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Number 1-3, Clinicilor Street, RO-400023 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stefanska A, Bergmann K, Sypniewska G. Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Diagnostic Significance. Adv Clin Chem 2015; 72:1-75. [PMID: 26471080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is a constellation of interdependent factors such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS in postmenopause is due to loss of the protective role of estrogens and increased circulating androgens resulting in changes to body fat distribution and development of abdominal obesity. Excessive visceral adipose tissue plays an important role due to synthesis and secretion of bioactive substances such as adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, prothrombotic, and vasoconstrictor factors. MetS may also impact risk assessment of breast cancer, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease, and quality of life during the menopausal transition. Increased MetS has stimulated the exploration of new laboratory tests for early detection and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stefanska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bergmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cignarella A, Bolego C. Mechanisms of estrogen protection in diabetes and metabolic disease. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 4:575-80. [PMID: 25961234 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Until menopause, women are largely protected against several metabolic disorders, implicating a role for sex hormones. Adiposity and insulin resistance are fundamental features in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Emerging data suggest that sex-steroid hormones and adipocyte-derived hormones and cytokines could be associated with type 2 diabetes risk and that some of these novel markers can exhibit a sexual dimorphism with regard to this risk. Evidence suggests that the female hormone, 17β-estradiol protects insulin production and prevents diabetes. Although 17β-estradiol acts primarily via two distinct estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, it appears that ERα protects β-cell survival, whereas ERβ reduces ERα function and provokes β-cell apoptosis. Accordingly, use of menopausal hormone therapy has been shown to reduce diabetes incidence and weight gain. Recent findings that benefits of menopausal hormone therapy might not outweigh the risks in some women do not negate the importance of identifying mechanisms by which 17β-estradiol attenuates the development and progression of metabolic disease. This could lay the ground to the design of pharmacological treatments for the prevention of menopause-associated metabolic disorders that are safer and more efficacious than current hormone-based regimens.
Collapse
|
12
|
Yehuda I, Madar Z, Leikin-Frenkel A, Tamir S. Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, downregulates iNOS expression and activity under high-glucose stress and inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1041-52. [PMID: 25737160 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE In females, hyperglycemia abolishes estrogen-vascular protection, leading to inflammation and oxidative stress that are related to diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications. Such knowledge led us to examine the potential of glabridin, as a replacement of estrogen anti-inflammatory activity under high-glucose conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS In macrophage-like cells, chronic glucose stress (28 and 44 mM) upregulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression by 42 and 189%, respectively. Pretreatment with glabridin, under chronic glucose stress, downregulated the LPS-induced nitric oxide secretion and nitrotyrosine formation, by 39 and 21%, respectively. Pretreatment with estradiol did not prevent the LPS-induced nitrotyrosine formation. Furthermore, glabridin, brought about a decrease in the LPS-induced iNOS mRNA expression by 48%, as compared to cells pretreated with estradiol. Glabridin decreased protein levels of liver iNOS by 69% in adult mouse offspring which developed hyperglycemia after early fetal exposure to a saturated fatty acid-enriched maternal diet. Glabridin also decreased liver nitrotyrosine levels in offspring of regular diet-fed mothers after further receiving high-fat diet. CONCLUSION Such results indicate that glabridin retains anti-inflammatory abilities to regulate the synthesis and activity of iNOS under high-glucose levels, implying that a glabridin supplement may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent in diabetes-related vascular dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Yehuda
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat-Shmona, Israel.,The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Alicia Leikin-Frenkel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sheba Medical Center, Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Snait Tamir
- Laboratory of Human Health and Nutrition Sciences, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat-Shmona, Israel.,Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bansal S, Chopra K. Distinct role of estrogen receptor-alpha and beta on postmenopausal diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:51-9. [PMID: 24967951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is known to influence vascular functions and insulin sensitivity, but the relative contribution of estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms in postmenopausal diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction is unclear. The aim of the present study was to delineate the distinct role of estrogen receptor-α and beta β on the vascular function in ovariectomized diabetic rats. Age matched 60 female sprague dawley rats (200-250g) were divided in nine groups. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed and streptozotocin was used to induce experimental diabetes. Rats were administered with 10μg/kg; s.c. of a nonselective estrogen receptor agonist, 17-β estradiol (E2), selective ER-α agonist (4,4',4″-(4-propyl-[1H] pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) tris phenol (PPT) and selective ER-β agonist, 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (DPN) for 4weeks after STZ injection. Treatment with selective ER-α agonist and E2 improved the impaired glycemic and lipid profile in ovariectomized diabetic rats, however selective ER-β agonist did not show any effect. Vascular endothelial dysfunction was assessed by acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium dependent and independent relaxation in isolated rat aortic ring preparation as well as by electron microscopy of thoracic aorta. Further, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, tumour necrotic factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta and C-reactive protein were estimated to assess oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. Treatment with ER-α agonist markedly and E2 partially improved vascular function and endothelial integrity along with reduction in serum TBARS and inflammatory cytokines. However, ER-β agonist did not show any improvement in vascular functions, oxidative stress or inflammation. These findings suggest that selective targeting of ER-α receptors results in vasculoprotection in the state of hypoestrogenicity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jonnalagadda VG, Ram Raju AVS, Pittala S, Shaik A, Selkar NA. The prelude on novel receptor and ligand targets involved in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Adv Pharm Bull 2014; 4:209-17. [PMID: 24754003 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2014.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders are a group of disorders, due to the disruption of the normal metabolic process at a cellular level. Diabetes Mellitus and Tyrosinaemia are the majorly reported metabolic disorders. Among them, Diabetes Mellitus is a one of the leading metabolic syndrome, affecting 5 to 7 % of the population worldwide and mainly characterised by elevated levels of glucose and is associated with two types of physiological event disturbances such as impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Up to now, various treatment strategies are like insulin, alphaglucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, incretins were being followed. Concurrently, various novel therapeutic strategies are required to advance the therapy of Diabetes mellitus. For the last few decades, there has been an extensive research in understanding the metabolic pathways involved in Diabetes Mellitus at the cellular level and having the profound knowledge on cell-growth, cell-cycle, and apoptosis at a molecular level provides new targets for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. Receptor signalling has been involved in these mechanisms, to translate the information coming from outside. To understand the various receptors involved in these pathways, we must have a sound knowledge on receptors and ligands involved in it. This review mainly summarises the receptors and ligands which are involved the Diabetes Mellitus. Finally, researchers have to develop the alternative chemical moieties that retain their affinity to receptors and efficacy. Diabetes Mellitus being a metabolic disorder due to the glucose surfeit, demands the need for regular exercise along with dietary changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venu Gopal Jonnalagadda
- Shree Dhootapapeshwar Ayurvedic Research Foundation (SDARF), Panvel, Navi Mumbai-410206, Maharastra, India
| | - Allam Venkata Sita Ram Raju
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Bala Nagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradhesh-500037, India
| | - Srinivas Pittala
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Near Jubilee Hall, Mall Road, Delhi-110 007, India
| | - Afsar Shaik
- Gokula Krishna college of Pharmacy, Sullurpet - 524121, Nellore dist, A.P, India
| | - Nilakash Annaji Selkar
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai-400012, Maharastra, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yakimchuk K, Jondal M, Okret S. Estrogen receptor α and β in the normal immune system and in lymphoid malignancies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 375:121-9. [PMID: 23707618 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens regulate various normal and pathophysiological processes including cancers. Cellular signaling by estrogens is mediated by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), respectively. Binding of agonists to the ERs affects gene transcription. The main endogenous estrogen, 17β-estradiol (E2), binds to both ERα and ERβ with similar affinity. However, the ligand-binding pocket of ERα and ERβ are slightly different which has allowed the development of selective ER ligands. Importantly, while estrogens via ERα stimulate proliferation, signaling via ERβ inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis. In both normal and cancer cells the ERs are co-expressed with ER splice variants which may modify the transcriptional activity of the wild-type receptors. Estrogens have prominent effects on immune functions and both ERα and ERβ are expressed in immune cells and lymphoid malignancies. With regard to lymphoid malignancies, most show estrogen influence as several epidemiological studies of lymphoid cancers demonstrate gender differences in incidence and prognosis with males being more affected. In line with these findings, recent results generated by us have shown that ERβ selective agonists inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in human and murine lymphomas in vivo in xenograft experiments. This suggests that ERβ selective agonists in the future may be useful in the treatment of lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Yakimchuk
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vascular disease in diabetic women: Why do they miss the female protection? EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:570598. [PMID: 22973304 PMCID: PMC3438753 DOI: 10.1155/2012/570598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gender plays a pivotal role in the onset as well as in the progression of the cardiovascular disease with a higher morbidity and mortality being detected in men with respect to women. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) may reduce gender-related differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease by fading the vascular protective effects afforded by estrogen in females. This article will discuss the role of sex and sex hormones on the incidence and mechanisms involved in vascular dysfunction associated to T2DM, which might explain why women with T2DM lack the vascular protection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Meyer MR, Clegg DJ, Prossnitz ER, Barton M. Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes: sex differences and role of oestrogen receptors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 203:259-69. [PMID: 21281456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk of coronary artery disease through insulin resistance, diabetes, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide and is particularly high among middle-aged women and men. After menopause, women are at an increased risk to develop visceral obesity due to the loss of endogenous ovarian hormone production. Effects of oestrogens are classically mediated by the two nuclear oestrogen receptors (ERs) α and β. In addition, more recent research has shown that the intracellular transmembrane G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) originally designated as GPR30 also mediates some of the actions attributed to oestrogens. Oestrogen and its receptors are important regulators of body weight and insulin sensitivity not only in women but also in men as demonstrated by ER mutations in rodents and humans. This article reviews the role of sex hormones and ERs in the context of obesity, insulin sensitivity and diabetes as well as the related clinical issues in women and men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Meyer
- Molecular Internal Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Emerging role of estrogen in the control of cardiometabolic disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2010; 31:183-9. [PMID: 20138672 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease that is partly independent of aging. This increased risk is largely due to postmenopausal estrogen loss. Estrogen improves insulin sensitivity and ss-cell function. This is consistent with the increased risk of diabetes after menopause and the finding that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) lowers the incidence of diabetes. Experimental data suggest that estrogen has anti-atherosclerotic and pro-thrombotic properties. This is consistent with observational and interventional studies suggesting that MHT reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease if initiated early in women with a low-risk profile, but might increase risk in older women and/or those with other risk factors (e.g. dyslipidemia). Future research focusing on improving prevention of cardiometabolic disease through MHT may help to identify agents with higher tissue- and estrogen receptor-isoform specificity than currently used hormones.
Collapse
|