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Donia T, Khedr S, Salim EI, Hessien M. Trichostatin A sensitizes hepatoma cells to Taxol more than 5-Aza-dC and dexamethasone. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 36:299-309. [PMID: 34773731 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work was designed to compare the sensitizing effects of epigenetic modifiers on cancer cells vs. that of glucocorticoids. Also, to evaluate their effects on genes involved in epigenetic changes and drug metabolism. METHODS Hepatoma cells (HepG2) were treated with the anticancer drug (Taxol), with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (Trichostatin A [TSA]), DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza-dC) or dexamethasone (DEX). Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and the apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC. The expression levels of HDAC1, HDAC3, Dnmt1, Dnmt3α, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were monitored by qRT-PCR. RESULTS TSA, synergistically enhanced cells sensitivity with the anticancer effect of Taxol more than 5-Aza-dC and DEX. This was evidenced by the relative decrease in IC50 in cells cotreated with Taxol + TSA, Taxol + 5-Aza-dC or Taxol + DEX. Apoptosis was induced in 51.2, 16.9 and 41.3% of cells, respectively. In presence of Taxol, TSA induced four-fold increase in the expression of HDAC1 and downregulated Dnmt1&3α genes. CYP2D6 demonstrated progressive expression (up to 28-fold) with the increasing number of drugs. Moreover, the isoform overexpressed in cells treated with TSA + Taxol > DEX + Taxol > 5-Aza-dC + Taxol (6.4, 4.6 and 2.99, respectively). The investigated genes were clustered in two distinct subsets, where no coregulation was observed between HDAC1 and HDAC3. However, tight pairwise correlation-based cluster was seen between (CYP3A4/Dnmt3α and CYP2D6/CYP2C19). CONCLUSIONS The data reflects the sensitizing effect of acetylation modification by TSA on the responsiveness of hepatoma cells to anticancer therapy. The effect of histone deacetylase inhibition was more than hypomethylation and glucocorticoid effects. TSA exerts its role through its modulatory role on epigenetics and drugs metabolizing genes. Other modifiers (5-Aza-dC and DEX), however may adopt different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherien Khedr
- College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I Salim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Donia T, Khedr S, Salim EI, Hessien M. Trichostatin A sensitizes hepatoma cells to Taxol more than 5-Aza-dC and dexamethasone. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2020-0186. [PMID: 33818027 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work was designed to compare the sensitizing effects of epigenetic modifiers on cancer cells vs. that of glucocorticoids. Also, to evaluate their effects on genes involved in epigenetic changes and drug metabolism. METHODS Hepatoma cells (HepG2) were treated with the anticancer drug (Taxol), with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (Trichostatin A [TSA]), DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (5-Aza-dC) or dexamethasone (DEX). Cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assay and the apoptosis was determined by Annexin V-FITC. The expression levels of HDAC1, HDAC3, Dnmt1, Dnmt3α, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 were monitored by qRT-PCR. RESULTS TSA, synergistically enhanced cells sensitivity with the anticancer effect of Taxol more than 5-Aza-dC and DEX. This was evidenced by the relative decrease in IC50 in cells cotreated with Taxol + TSA, Taxol + 5-Aza-dC or Taxol + DEX. Apoptosis was induced in 51.2, 16.9 and 41.3% of cells, respectively. In presence of Taxol, TSA induced four-fold increase in the expression of HDAC1 and downregulated Dnmt1&3α genes. CYP2D6 demonstrated progressive expression (up to 28-fold) with the increasing number of drugs. Moreover, the isoform overexpressed in cells treated with TSA + Taxol > DEX + Taxol > 5-Aza-dC + Taxol (6.4, 4.6 and 2.99, respectively). The investigated genes were clustered in two distinct subsets, where no coregulation was observed between HDAC1 and HDAC3. However, tight pairwise correlation-based cluster was seen between (CYP3A4/Dnmt3α and CYP2D6/CYP2C19). CONCLUSIONS The data reflects the sensitizing effect of acetylation modification by TSA on the responsiveness of hepatoma cells to anticancer therapy. The effect of histone deacetylase inhibition was more than hypomethylation and glucocorticoid effects. TSA exerts its role through its modulatory role on epigenetics and drugs metabolizing genes. Other modifiers (5-Aza-dC and DEX), however may adopt different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoria Donia
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherien Khedr
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Elsayed I Salim
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Gastelum G, Jiang W, Wang L, Zhou G, Borkar R, Putluri N, Moorthy B. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-induced Pulmonary Carcinogenesis in Cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1- and 1A2-Null Mice: Roles of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:347-361. [PMID: 32726451 PMCID: PMC7818899 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2019, lung cancer was estimated to be the leading cause of cancer deaths in humans. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to increase the risk of lung cancer. PAHs are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A subfamily, comprised of the CYP1A1 and 1A2 monooxygenases. These enzymes bioactivate PAHs into reactive metabolites that induce mutagenic DNA adducts, which can lead to cancer. Past studies have investigated the role of CYP1A1 in PAH bioactivation; however, the individual roles of each CYP1A enzyme are still unknown. In this investigation, we tested the hypothesis that mice lacking the genes for Cyp1a1 or Cyp1a2 will display altered susceptibilities to PAH-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis. Wild-type, Cyp1a1-null (Cyp1a1-/-), and Cyp1a2-null (Cyp1a2-/-) male and female mice were treated with 3-methylcholanthrene for cancer initiation and tumor formation studies. In wild-type mice, CYP1A1 and 1A2 expression was induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. Cyp1a1-/- and Cyp1a2-/- mice treated with PAHs displayed a compensatory pattern, where knocking out 1 Cyp1a gene led to increased expression of the other. Cyp1a1-/- mice were resistant to DNA adduct and tumor formation, whereas Cyp1a2-/- mice displayed increased levels of both. UALCAN analysis revealed that lung adenocarcinoma patients with high levels of CYP1A2 expression survive significantly better than patients with low/medium expression. In conclusion, Cyp1a1-/- mice were less susceptible to PAH-induced pulmonary carcinogenesis, whereas Cyp1a2-/- mice were more susceptible. In addition, high CYP1A2 expression was found to be protective for lung adenocarcinoma patients. These results support the need to develop novel CYP1A1 inhibitors to mitigate human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grady Gastelum
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Weiwu Jiang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Lihua Wang
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Guodong Zhou
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Roshan Borkar
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Advanced Technology Core, Alkek Center for Molecular Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Bhagavatula Moorthy
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Zhang M, Wang Q, Wan KW, Ahmed W, Phoenix DA, Zhang Z, Elrayess MA, Elhissi A, Sun X. Liposome mediated-CYP1A1 gene silencing nanomedicine prepared using lipid film-coated proliposomes as a potential treatment strategy of lung cancer. Int J Pharm 2019; 566:185-193. [PMID: 31051230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of lung cancer is linked with tobacco smoking, mainly through the generation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Elevated activity of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) plays an important role in the metabolic processing of PAHs and its carcinogenicity. The present work aimed to investigate the role of CYP1A1 gene in PAH-mediated growth and tumor development in vitro and using an in vivo animal model. RNAi strategy was utilized to inhibit the overexpression of CYP1A1 gene using cationic liposomes generated using a lipid film-coated proliposome microparticles. Treatment of PAH-induced human alveolar adenocarcinoma cell line with cationic liposomes carrying CYP1A1 siRNA resulted in down regulation of CYP1A1 mRNA, protein as well as its enzymatic activity, triggering apoptosis and inhibiting multicellular tumor spheroids formation in vitro. Furthermore, silencing of CYP1A1 gene in BALB/c nude xenografts inhibited tumor growth via down regulation of CYP1A1 expression. Altogether, our findings showed that liposome-based gene delivery technology is a viable and stable approach for targeting cancer causing genes such as CY1PA1. This technology facilitated by the use of sugar particles coated with lipid films has demonstrated ability to generate anticancer effects that might be used in the future for therapeutic intervention and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Ka-Wai Wan
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Nanoscience Research Group, School of Mathematics and Physics, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - David A Phoenix
- Office of the Vice Chancellor, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | | | - Abdelbary Elhissi
- Office of Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, and College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Xie X, Jiang J, Ye W, Chen R, Deng Y, Wen J. Sp1, Instead of AhR, Regulates the Basal Transcription of Porcine CYP1A1 at the Proximal Promoter. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:927. [PMID: 30174605 PMCID: PMC6107784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are commonly used as an animal model to evaluate the toxic effects of exogenous compounds. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) metabolizes numerous exogenous compounds and is abundantly expressed in the liver, kidneys, and intestines. The high amino acid similarity between human and porcine CYP1A1 indicates that they probably have the same metabolic characteristics. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanism of CYP1A1 expression in pigs is particularly important for predicting the toxicology and metabolic kinetics of exogenous chemicals. Currently, the transcriptional regulation of porcine CYP1A1 has rarely been studied, especially regarding basal transcription. In this study, we first confirmed that the key regulatory elements of porcine CYP1A1 basal transactivation are in the proximal promoter region using promoter truncation analysis via a dual luciferase assay in a porcine kidney cell line LLC-PK1. Two overlapping cis-elements, the xenobiotic response element (XRE) and GC box, in this proximal region potentially play key roles in the basal transactivation of porcine CYP1A1. Furthermore, using electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, the GC box binding protein Sp1 was confirmed to bind to the proximal promoter of porcine CYP1A1, instead of AhR, the XRE binding protein. In LLC-PK1 cells, by knocking down either Sp1 or AhR, the expression of porcine CYP1A1 at the mRNA level and protein level was significantly downregulated, suggesting both proteins are important for porcine CYP1A1 expression. However, promoter activity analysis in LLC-PK1 cells treated with an AhR agonist and antagonist confirmed that AhR does not participate in the basal regulation of porcine CYP1A1 at the proximal promoter. In conclusion, our study revealed that the proximal promoter is the key regulatory region for porcine CYP1A1 basal expression. Although AhR plays an important role in the transactivation of porcine CYP1A1 expression, the key determinant transcription factor for its basal transactivation is Sp1 at the proximal promoter of porcine CYP1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruohong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Toxicological evaluation of flumequine in pubertal male rats after oral administration for six weeks. J Vet Res 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Veterinarians use flumequine (FLU) widely but its toxicological effects are still unclear.
Material and Methods
FLU doses of 53, 200, or 750 mg/kg were administered orally for six weeks to pubertal male rats for evaluation of their toxicity.
Results
Weight gain was poorer after seven days of exposure to FLU 750, but relative weights of the brain, adrenal and thyroid glands, and testes were notably higher. Haematological and lipid profile parameters, cardiac markers, and inorganic phosphate significantly increased in the FLU 750 group. Blood glucose, oestradiol and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and E (IgE) significantly decreased after treatment. The levels of interleukins 10 (IL-10) and 6 (IL-6) fell significantly in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression amplified after treatment. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) reduced in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups without changes in total T3 or T4 level. All doses of FLU significantly depressed concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and testosterone. Histopathology of thyroid glands from rats treated with FLU 750 showed degeneration and depletion of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the brain, but decreased in the testes. Expression of CYP1A1 increased in the adrenal and pituitary glands.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that the toxicity of FLU in rats is an effect of its disruptive influence on the pituitary-thyroid hormonal system and on the dysfunction of the immune system.
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Kang J, Hossain MA, Choi B, Cho JH, Kang SJ, Ku HO, Jeong SH, Kang HG. Toxicological Evaluation of Flumequine in Pubertal Male Rats After Oral Administration for Six Weeks. J Vet Res 2018; 62:87-96. [PMID: 29978132 PMCID: PMC5957466 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2018-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Veterinarians use flumequine (FLU) widely but its toxicological effects are still unclear. MATERIAL AND METHODS FLU doses of 53, 200, or 750 mg/kg were administered orally for six weeks to pubertal male rats for evaluation of their toxicity. RESULTS Weight gain was poorer after seven days of exposure to FLU 750, but relative weights of the brain, adrenal and thyroid glands, and testes were notably higher. Haematological and lipid profile parameters, cardiac markers, and inorganic phosphate significantly increased in the FLU 750 group. Blood glucose, oestradiol and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins G (IgG) and E (IgE) significantly decreased after treatment. The levels of interleukins 10 (IL-10) and 6 (IL-6) fell significantly in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups. Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) expression amplified after treatment. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3) and free thyroxine (fT4) reduced in the FLU 200 and FLU 750 groups without changes in total T3 or T4 level. All doses of FLU significantly depressed concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and testosterone. Histopathology of thyroid glands from rats treated with FLU 750 showed degeneration and depletion of thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Expression of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in a dose-dependent manner in the brain, but decreased in the testes. Expression of CYP1A1 increased in the adrenal and pituitary glands. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the toxicity of FLU in rats is an effect of its disruptive influence on the pituitary-thyroid hormonal system and on the dysfunction of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongWoo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Akil Hossain
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkook Choi
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hyoung Cho
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Ku
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Jeong
- GLP Research Center, College of Natural Sciences, Hoseo University, 165, Asan City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
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Kim JA, Noh SR, Cheong HK, Ha M, Eom SY, Kim H, Park MS, Chu Y, Lee SH, Choi K. Urinary oxidative stress biomarkers among local residents measured 6years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:946-952. [PMID: 27993476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In December 2007, the Hebei Spirit oil spill occurred on the west coast of South Korea. Association between crude oil exposure and the levels of urinary oxidative stress biomarkers was reported among the local residents, 1.5years after the accident. The aim of this study was to follow-up possible longer-term effects of the oil spill among the residents near the oil spill. Six years after the accident, urinary oxidative stress biomarkers of the residents were associated with surrogates of oil exposure. The target subjects were divided into two groups based on the distance of their residence to the spill site, i.e., those near the spill site ('Near' group, n=476), and those far from the spill ('Far' group, n=152). A questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers or self-reporting, and demographic information and other parameters of the participants, such as socioeconomic status, smoking and drinking behaviors, disease history, and duration of clean-up activities after the spill, were collected. The participants' levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in 12 h urine samples were measured as indicators of oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. A general linear model was used for statistical analysis. Urinary MDA and 8-OHdG levels measured from 'Near' group, i.e., geometric mean of 2.19μmol/g creatinine, and 5.41μg/g creatinine, respectively, were higher than those of 'Far' group. Especially, urinary 8-OHdG levels in the 'Near' group were significantly higher than those of 'Far' after adjusting relevant covariates. In addition, the duration of clean-up activities showed a significant association with both urinary 8-OHdG and MDA levels. Even 6years after the oil spill, positive associations between oxidative stress biomarkers and surrogates of oil exposure were evident. While the present study design lacks biomarkers of exposure, the results of this study suggest that the consequences of oil pollution may last for years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Ah Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ryeon Noh
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Park
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Chu
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Lee
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean 32148, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Moorthy B, Chu C, Carlin DJ. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: from metabolism to lung cancer. Toxicol Sci 2016; 145:5-15. [PMID: 25911656 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) often results in lung cancer, a disease with the highest cancer mortality in the United States. After entry into the lung, PAHs induce phase I metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases, i.e. CYP1A1/2 and 1B1, and phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases, UDP glucuronyl transferases, NADPH quinone oxidoreductases (NQOs), aldo-keto reductases (AKRs), and epoxide hydrolases (EHs), via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-dependent and independent pathways. Humans can also be exposed to PAHs through diet, via consumption of charcoal broiled foods. Metabolism of PAHs through the CYP1A1/1B1/EH pathway, CYP peroxidase pathway, and AKR pathway leads to the formation of the active carcinogens diol-epoxides, radical cations, and o-quinones. These reactive metabolites produce DNA adducts, resulting in DNA mutations, alteration of gene expression profiles, and tumorigenesis. Mutations in xenobiotic metabolic enzymes, as well as polymorphisms of tumor suppressor genes (e.g. p53) and/or genes involved in gene expression (e.g. X-ray repair cross-complementing proteins), are associated with lung cancer susceptibility in human populations from different ethnicities, gender, and age groups. Although various metabolic activation/inactivation pathways, AhR signaling, and genetic susceptibilities contribute to lung cancer, the precise points at which PAHs induce tumor initiation remain unknown. The goal of this review is to provide a current state-of-the-science of the mechanisms of human lung carcinogenesis mediated by PAHs, the experimental approaches used to study this complex class of compounds, and future directions for research of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavatula Moorthy
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Chun Chu
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Danielle J Carlin
- *Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Division of Extramural Research and Training, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
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Granum C, Anchersen S, Karlsson C, Berg V, Olsaker I, Verhaegen S, Ropstad E. Steroidogenic differential effects in neonatal porcine Leydig cells exposed to persistent organic pollutants derived from cod liver oil. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 57:130-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Noh SR, Cheong HK, Ha M, Eom SY, Kim H, Choi YH, Paek D. Oxidative stress biomarkers in long-term participants in clean-up work after the Hebei Spirit oil spill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 515-516:207-214. [PMID: 25727518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oil tanker Hebei Spirit spilled 12,547kL of oil near the western coastline of Korea on December 7, 2007. We aimed to investigate the relationship between oil spill exposure and oxidative stress in residents living near the affected area. METHODS Study subjects were 671 residents who participated in a health examination between February and September 2009. As surrogates for oil spill exposure, we used the total duration of clean-up work and levels of urinary metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol (2-NAPH). Oxidative stress was measured using urinary levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), indicators of lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage, respectively. RESULTS Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were significantly increased with longer involvement in clean-up work over one year after the Hebei Spirit oil spill (MDA, p-trend<0.0001; 8-OHdG, p-trend<0.0001). As more time elapsed since the last involvement in clean-up, the total duration of clean-up work participation and levels of PAH metabolites (1-OHP and 2-NAPH), as well as levels of the oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and 8-OHdG) decreased further. The level of 1-OHP had a significant positive correlation with the total duration of clean-up work involvement, with a higher level found in those who participated in clean-up for >100 days. Increasing levels of 1-OHP were significantly associated with increased MDA and 8-OHdG after adjusting for covariates, while the strength of association weakened as time passed since the last participation in clean-up work. The significance of the association was maintained for up to 12 months after the last clean-up work. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that oil exposure from prolonged clean-up activity likely induced oxidative stress in clean-up participants up to at least one year after the last exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ryeon Noh
- Taean Environmental Health Center, Taean, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Domyung Paek
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Satsu H, Yoshida K, Mikubo A, Ogiwara H, Inakuma T, Shimizu M. Establishment of a stable aryl hydrocarbon receptor-responsive HepG2 cell line. Cytotechnology 2014; 67:621-32. [PMID: 24667997 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. It heterodimerizes with aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator, binds to the xenobiotic-responsive element (XRE), and enhances the transcription of genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. AHR also plays important roles in the inhibition of intestinal carcinogenesis and the modulation of gut immunity. It is very important to screen for AHR-activating compounds because those are expected to produce the AHR-mediated physiological functions. Until now, AHR-mediated transcriptional activity represented by the transcriptional activity of CYP1A1 in luciferase assay has been applied as a screening procedure for AHR-activating compounds. However, the AHR-mediated transcriptional activity did not necessarily correspond with the CYP1A1 transcriptional activity. To evaluate AHR-mediated transcriptional activity more specifically, and to screen for AHR-activating compounds, we establish a stable AHR-responsive HepG2 cell line by co-transfection of an AHR expression vector and an AHR-responsive vector (pGL3-XRE) containing a luciferase gene and three tandemly arranged XRE elements into a human hepatoma derived cell line, HepG2. The induction of luciferase activity in the stable AHR-responsive HepG2 cell line by typical AHR activators occurred in time- and concentration-dependent manners. By assessing the AHR target genes CYP1A1, UGT1A1, and ABCG2, an AHR activator-mediated induction was observed at mRNA level. Furthermore, the AHR activator-mediated induction of luciferase activity was positively correlated with the mRNA levels of CYP1A1, UGT1A1, and ABCG2. These findings verified the usefulness of the established stable AHR-responsive HepG2 cell line for the screening of AHR-activating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Satsu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan,
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Gábelová A, Poláková V, Prochazka G, Kretová M, Poloncová K, Regendová E, Luciaková K, Segerbäck D. Sustained induction of cytochrome P4501A1 in human hepatoma cells by co-exposure to benzo[a]pyrene and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole underlies the synergistic effects on DNA adduct formation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 271:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Sutherland M, Gill JH, Loadman PM, Laye JP, Sheldrake HM, Illingworth NA, Alandas MN, Cooper PA, Searcey M, Pors K, Shnyder SD, Patterson LH. Antitumor Activity of a Duocarmycin Analogue Rationalized to Be Metabolically Activated by Cytochrome P450 1A1 in Human Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder. Mol Cancer Ther 2012; 12:27-37. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Kirsanov KI, Lesovaya EA, Sidorov RA, Belitsky GA, Yakubovskaya MG. Analysis of blastomogenic activity of mammal carcinogens in Drosophila using the wts P4 allele and RNA interference-induced P53 silencing. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Jiang W, Wang L, Kondraganti SR, Fazili IS, Couroucli XI, Felix EA, Moorthy B. Disruption of the gene for CYP1A2, which is expressed primarily in liver, leads to differential regulation of hepatic and pulmonary mouse CYP1A1 expression and augmented human CYP1A1 transcriptional activation in response to 3-methylcholanthrene in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:369-79. [PMID: 20732958 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.171173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) enzymes play important roles in the metabolic activation and detoxification of numerous environmental carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hepatic CYP1A2 differentially regulates mouse hepatic and pulmonary CYP1A1 expression and suppresses transcriptional activation of human CYP1A1 (hCYP1A1) promoter in response to 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) in vivo. Administration of wild-type (WT) (C57BL/6J) or Cyp1a2-null mice with a single dose of MC (100 μmol/kg i.p.) caused significant increases in hepatic CYP1A1/1A2 activities, apoprotein content, and mRNA levels 1 day after carcinogen withdrawal compared with vehicle-treated controls. The induction persisted in the WT, but not Cyp1a2-null, animals, for up to 15 days. In the lung, MC caused persistent CYP1A1 induction for up to 8 days in both genotypes, with Cyp1a2-null mice displaying a greater extent of CYP1A1 expression. It is noteworthy that MC caused significant augmentation of human CYP1A1 promoter activation in transgenic mice expressing the hCYP1A1 and the reporter luciferase gene on a Cyp1a2-null background, compared with transgenic mice on the WT background. In contrast, the mouse endogenous hepatic, but not pulmonary, persistent CYP1A1 expression was repressed by MC in the hCYP1A1-Cyp1a2-null mice. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry experiments showed that CYP1A2 catalyzed the formation of 1-hydroxy-3-MC and/or 2-hydroxy-3-MC, a metabolite that may contribute to the regulation of CYP1A1 expression. In conclusion, the results suggest that CYP1A2 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of hepatic and pulmonary CYP1A1 by PAHs, a phenomenon that potentially has important implications for PAH-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwu Jiang
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 530.01, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Rohrbeck A, Salinas G, Maaser K, Linge J, Salovaara S, Corvi R, Borlak J. Toxicogenomics Applied to In Vitro Carcinogenicity Testing with Balb/c 3T3 Cells Revealed a Gene Signature Predictive of Chemical Carcinogens. Toxicol Sci 2010; 118:31-41. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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