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Galimberti G, Amodeo G, Magni G, Riboldi B, Balboni G, Onnis V, Ceruti S, Sacerdote P, Franchi S. Prokineticin System Is a Pharmacological Target to Counteract Pain and Its Comorbid Mood Alterations in an Osteoarthritis Murine Model. Cells 2023; 12:2255. [PMID: 37759478 PMCID: PMC10526764 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease associated with chronic pain. OA pain is often accompanied by mood disorders. We addressed the role of the Prokineticin (PK) system in pain and mood alterations in a mice OA model induced with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). The effect of a PK antagonist (PC1) was compared to that of diclofenac. C57BL/6J male mice injected with MIA in the knee joint were characterized by allodynia, motor deficits, and fatigue. Twenty-eight days after MIA, in the knee joint, we measured high mRNA of PK2 and its receptor PKR1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MMP13. At the same time, in the sciatic nerve and spinal cord, we found increased levels of PK2, PKR1, IL-1β, and IL-6. These changes were in the presence of high GFAP and CD11b mRNA in the sciatic nerve and GFAP in the spinal cord. OA mice were also characterized by anxiety, depression, and neuroinflammation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. In both stations, we found increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, PK upregulation and reactive astrogliosis in the hippocampus and microglia reactivity in the prefrontal cortex were detected. PC1 reduced joint inflammation and neuroinflammation in PNS and CNS and counteracted OA pain and emotional disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Galimberti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.); (G.M.); (B.R.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Giada Amodeo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.); (G.M.); (B.R.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Giulia Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.); (G.M.); (B.R.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Benedetta Riboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.); (G.M.); (B.R.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (V.O.)
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.B.); (V.O.)
| | - Stefania Ceruti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.); (G.M.); (B.R.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sacerdote
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.); (G.M.); (B.R.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
| | - Silvia Franchi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.); (G.M.); (B.R.); (S.C.); (P.S.)
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Gendaszewska-Darmach E, Garstka MA, Błażewska KM. Targeting Small GTPases and Their Prenylation in Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9677-9710. [PMID: 34236862 PMCID: PMC8389838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
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A fundamental role
of pancreatic β-cells to maintain proper
blood glucose level is controlled by the Ras superfamily of small
GTPases that undergo post-translational modifications, including prenylation.
This covalent attachment with either a farnesyl or a geranylgeranyl
group controls their localization, activity, and protein–protein
interactions. Small GTPases are critical in maintaining glucose homeostasis
acting in the pancreas and metabolically active tissues such as skeletal
muscles, liver, or adipocytes. Hyperglycemia-induced upregulation
of small GTPases suggests that inhibition of these pathways deserves
to be considered as a potential therapeutic approach in treating T2D.
This Perspective presents how inhibition of various points in the
mevalonate pathway might affect protein prenylation and functioning
of diabetes-affected tissues and contribute to chronic inflammation
involved in diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. We also demonstrate
the currently available molecular tools to decipher the mechanisms
linking the mevalonate pathway’s enzymes and GTPases with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego Street 4/10, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Malgorzata A Garstka
- Core Research Laboratory, Department of Endocrinology, Department of Tumor and Immunology, Precision Medical Institute, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, DaMingGong, Jian Qiang Road, Wei Yang district, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Katarzyna M Błażewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego Street 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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Takeshita N, Oe T, Kiso T, Kakimoto S. A K Ca3.1 Channel Opener, ASP0819, Modulates Nociceptive Signal Processing from Peripheral Nerves in Fibromyalgia-Like Pain in Rats. J Pain Res 2021; 14:23-34. [PMID: 33469353 PMCID: PMC7811477 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s274563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although abnormal peripheral and central pain processing has been observed in fibromyalgia (FM) patients, the biomechanics and pathophysiology, surrounding the peripheral mechanism are not well understood. An intermediate conductance channel, KCa3.1, is expressed in peripheral sensory nerve fibers where it maintains the resting membrane potential and controls nerve firing, making it a plausible target for peripheral therapeutic interventions. ASP0819, a KCa3.1 channel opener, is an orally available molecular entity and is used in this investigation to elucidate the role of KCa3.1 in signal processing of pain in FM. Methods Human or rat KCa3.1 channel-expressing cells were used for evaluating the main action of the compound. Effects of the compound on withdrawal behavior by mechanical stimulation were examined in reserpine-induced myalgia (RIM) and vagotomy-induced myalgia (VIM) models of rats. In addition, in vivo electrophysiological analysis was performed to examine the peripheral mechanisms of action of the compound. Other pain models were also examined. Results ASP0819 increased the negative membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. Oral administration of ASP0819 significantly recovered the decrease in muscle pressure threshold in rat FM models of RIM and VIM. The in vivo electrophysiological experiments showed that Aδ- and C-fibers innervating the leg muscles in the RIM model demonstrated increased spontaneous and mechanically evoked firing compared with normal rats. Intravenous infusion of ASP0819 significantly reduced both the spontaneous activity and mechanically evoked responses in Aδ-fibers in the rat RIM model. ASP0819 significantly reduced the number of abdominal contractions as an indicator of abdominal pain behaviors in the rat visceral extension model and withdrawal responses in the osteoarthritis model, respectively. Conclusion These findings suggest that ASP0819 may be a promising analgesic agent with the ability to modulate peripheral pain signal transmission. Its use in the treatment of several pain conditions should be explored, chief amongst these being FM pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoya Oe
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kiso
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc, Ibaraki, Japan
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Therapeutic effects of diclofenac, pregabalin, and duloxetine on disuse-induced chronic musculoskeletal pain in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3311. [PMID: 29459641 PMCID: PMC5818528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of disuse-induced muscle hyperalgesia through the evaluation of the pharmacological behaviour of muscle hyperalgesia profiles in chronic post-cast pain (CPCP) rats with acute and chronic-phase mirror-image muscle hyperalgesia treated with diclofenac (NSAID), pregabalin (an inhibitor of Ca2+ channel α2δ), and duloxetine (SNRI). After 2 weeks of cast immobilization, the peak cross-sectional area and muscle wet weight of the ipsilateral soleus and gastrocnemius muscles decreased more significantly in CPCP rats than in untreated rats. Histological findings revealed disuse-induced muscle atrophy in CPCP rats. The blood biochemical parameters of CPCP rats in acute and chronic phases did not differ significantly from those of untreated rats. The diclofenac and pregabalin-treated groups exhibited no improvement in acute or chronic muscle hyperalgesia. In contrast, the duloxetine-treated group exhibited an improvement in acute muscle hyperalgesia, but showed no apparent effect on chronic muscle hyperalgesia on ipsilateral or contralateral sides. However, the chronic muscle hyperalgesia was reversed by intrathecal administration of DAMGO (a μ-opioid receptor agonist). The results suggest that chronic muscle hyperalgesia in CPCP rats did not result from an inflammatory mechanism, and there is only a low probability that it's caused by a neuropathic mechanism.
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Oh DW, Kang JH, Lee HJ, Han SD, Kang MH, Kwon YH, Jun JH, Kim DW, Rhee YS, Kim JY, Park ES, Park CW. Formulation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of chitosan-based film forming gel containing ketoprofen. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1056-1066. [PMID: 28687046 PMCID: PMC8241006 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1346001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The film forming gel, adhered to skin surfaces upon application and formed a film, has an advantage onto skin to provide protection and continuous drug release to the application site. This study aimed to prepare a chitosan-based film forming gel containing ketoprofen (CbFG) and to evaluate the CbFG and film from CbFG (CbFG-film). CbFG were prepared with chitosan, lactic acid and various skin permeation enhancers. The physicochemical characteristics were evaluated by texture analysis, viscometry, SEM, DSC, XRD and FT-IR. To identify the mechanism of skin permeation, in vitro skin permeation study was conducted with a Franz diffusion cell and excised SD-rat and hairless mouse dorsal skin. In vivo efficacy assessment in mono-iodoacetate (MIA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis animal model was also conducted. CbFG was successfully prepared and, after applying CbFG to the excised rat dorsal skin, the CbFG-film was also formed well. The physicochemical characteristics of CbFG and CbFG-film could be explained by the grafting of oleic acid onto chitosan in the absence of catalysts. In addition, CbFG containing oleic acid had a higher skin permeation rate in comparison with any other candidate enhancers. The in vivo efficacy study also confirmed significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Consequently, we report the successful preparation of chitosan-based film forming gel containing ketoprofen with excellent mechanical properties, skin permeation and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Duk Han
- Dong-a Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hyung Kang
- Dong-a Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Yie-Hyuk Kwon
- Dong-a Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Ho Jun
- Dong-a Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Rhee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sunkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Woong Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
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Ho MJ, Lee DR, Jung HJ, Song WH, Park JS, Kang MJ. Formulation and Analgesic Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate and Magnesium Sulfate Combination in Rats Following Intra-articular Injection. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Jin Ho
- College of Pharmacy; Dankook University; Chungnam 31116 Korea
| | - Dae Ro Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Dankook University; Chungnam 31116 Korea
| | - Hyuck Jun Jung
- College of Pharmacy; Dankook University; Chungnam 31116 Korea
| | - Woo Heon Song
- R&D Center; GLPharmTech Corporation; Seongnam Gyeonggido 13202 South Korea
| | - Jun Sang Park
- R&D Center; GLPharmTech Corporation; Seongnam Gyeonggido 13202 South Korea
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy; Dankook University; Chungnam 31116 Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Defert
- Amakem Therapeutics NV, Agoralaan A Bis, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sandro Boland
- Amakem Therapeutics NV, Agoralaan A Bis, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Cistim, Gaston Geenslaan 2, Leuven, Belgium
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García-Rojo G, Fresno C, Vilches N, Díaz-Véliz G, Mora S, Aguayo F, Pacheco A, Parra-Fiedler N, Parra CS, Rojas PS, Tejos M, Aliaga E, Fiedler JL. The ROCK Inhibitor Fasudil Prevents Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Dendritic Spine Loss in Rat Hippocampus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:336-345. [PMID: 27927737 PMCID: PMC5409106 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendritic arbor simplification and dendritic spine loss in the hippocampus, a limbic structure implicated in mood disorders, are assumed to contribute to symptoms of depression. These morphological changes imply modifications in dendritic cytoskeleton. Rho GTPases are regulators of actin dynamics through their effector Rho kinase. We have reported that chronic stress promotes depressive-like behaviors in rats along with dendritic spine loss in apical dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons, changes associated with Rho kinase activation. The present study proposes that the Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil may prevent the stress-induced behavior and dendritic spine loss. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with saline or Fasudil (i.p., 10 mg/kg) starting 4 days prior to and maintained during the restraint stress procedure (2.5 h/d for 14 days). Nonstressed control animals were injected with saline or Fasudil for 18 days. At 24 hours after treatment, forced swimming test, Golgi-staining, and immuno-western blot were performed. RESULTS Fasudil prevented stress-induced immobility observed in the forced swimming test. On the other hand, Fasudil-treated control animals showed behavioral patterns similar to those of saline-treated controls. Furthermore, we observed that stress induced an increase in the phosphorylation of MYPT1 in the hippocampus, an exclusive target of Rho kinase. This change was accompanied by dendritic spine loss of apical dendrites of pyramidal hippocampal neurons. Interestingly, increased pMYPT1 levels and spine loss were both prevented by Fasudil administration. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Fasudil may prevent the development of abnormal behavior and spine loss induced by chronic stress by blocking Rho kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo García-Rojo
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Cristóbal Fresno
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Natalia Vilches
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Gabriela Díaz-Véliz
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Sergio Mora
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Felipe Aguayo
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Aníbal Pacheco
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Nicolás Parra-Fiedler
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Claudio S. Parra
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Paulina S. Rojas
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Macarena Tejos
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Esteban Aliaga
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
| | - Jenny L. Fiedler
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neurogenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Mr García-Rojo, Ms Vilches, Mr Aguayo, Ms Pacheco, Mr Parra-Fiedler, Mr Parra, Dr Rojas, Ms Tejos, and Dr Fiedler); CONICET, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina (Dr Fresno); Laboratorio Farmacología del Comportamiento, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile (Ms Díaz-Véliz and Mr Mora); Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile (Dr Rojas, present address); Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile (Dr Aliaga)
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Qiu Y, Chen WY, Wang ZY, Liu F, Wei M, Ma C, Huang YG. Simvastatin Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the RhoA/LIMK/Cofilin Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2457-2469. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s11064-016-1958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
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Abd-Allah H, Kamel AO, Sammour OA. Injectable long acting chitosan/tripolyphosphate microspheres for the intra-articular delivery of lornoxicam: Optimization and in vivo evaluation. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 149:263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Simvastatin Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting the RhoA/LIMK/Cofilin Pathway. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2457-69. [PMID: 27216618 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain occurs due to deleterious changes in the nervous system caused by a lesion or dysfunction. Currently, neuropathic pain management is unsatisfactory and remains a challenge in clinical practice. Studies have suggested that actin cytoskeleton remodeling may be associated with neural plasticity and may involve a nociceptive mechanism. Here, we found that the RhoA/LIM kinase (LIMK)/cofilin pathway, which regulates actin dynamics, was activated after chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Treatments that reduced RhoA/LIMK/cofilin pathway activity, including simvastatin, the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, and the synthetic peptide Tat-S3, attenuated actin filament disruption in the dorsal root ganglion and CCI-induced neuropathic pain. Over-activation of the cytoskeleton caused by RhoA/LIMK/cofilin pathway activation may produce a scaffold for the trafficking of nociceptive signaling factors, leading to chronic neuropathic pain. Here, we found that simvastatin significantly decreased the ratio of membrane/cytosolic RhoA, which was significantly increased after CCI, by inhibiting the RhoA/LIMK/cofilin pathway. This effect was highly dependent on the function of the cytoskeleton as a scaffold for signal trafficking. We conclude that simvastatin attenuated neuropathic pain in rats subjected to CCI by inhibiting actin-mediated intracellular trafficking to suppress RhoA/LIMK/cofilin pathway activity.
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12
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Investigating the effects of the Rho-kinase enzyme inhibitors AS1892802 and fasudil hydrochloride on the contractions of isolated pregnant rat myometrium. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 202:45-50. [PMID: 27160814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rho-kinases (ROCKs), are one of the dynamic structures of the actin cytoskeleton and they mediate different biological processes, including regulation of calcium sensitivity of smooth muscle contraction. The activation of Rho A/ROCK system is thought to be effective on the termination time of the pregnancy process. The aim of this study, was to investigate in vitro effects of the ROCK enzyme inhibitors, clinically available fasudil hydrochloride, and a new promising inhibitor AS1892802, on the contractions of isolated pregnant rat myometrium. STUDY DESIGN Term pregnant Wistar albino rats (n=12), weighing 200-220g, were used in this study. Myometrial tissues obtained from rats were dissected into four full-thickness longitudinal muscle strips and then myometrial tension was recorded isometrically. The inhibitory effects of cumulative concentrations of AS1892802 and of fasudil hydrochloride in the presence and absence of ODQ (guanylate cyclase inhibitor), l-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and l-NNA (endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) on oxytocin-induced myometrial contractions were measured, and values for -log10EC50 (pD2) and mean maximal inhibition (Emax) were compared. RESULTS Both ROCK inhibitors, AS1892802 and fasudil hydrochloride starting from the concentrations of 10(-6)M reached statistical significance on contraction amplitude and frequency of myometrial strips (p<0.05). The inhibition of the amplitude and frequency of myometrial contractions was antagonized with ODQ (10(-5)M; only amplitude), l-NAME (3×10(-5)M) and l-NNA (10(-5)M) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that fasudil hydrochloride and AS1892802 may contribute to the development of new tocolytic drugs. We conclude that AS1892802 and fasudil hydrochloride perform this inhibitory effect partially through ROCK inhibition and the NO/cGMP pathway.
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Zhu L, Chen T, Chang X, Zhou R, Luo F, Liu J, Zhang K, Wang Y, Yang Y, Long H, Liu Y, Yan T, Ma C. Salidroside ameliorates arthritis-induced brain cognition deficits by regulating Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Neuropharmacology 2015; 103:134-42. [PMID: 26690894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of cognitive impairment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients was increasingly serious nowadays. The purpose of the current study was to explore whether salidroside (Sal) could alleviate arthritis-induced cognition deficits and examine the relationship between the impairment and Rho/ROCK/NF-κB pathway. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was established by the injection of chicken type II collagen (CII), complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Arthritic lesions of CIA rats were assessed by arthritis index score, swelling of paws and histological analysis. Cognitive deficits symptoms of CIA rats were monitored through Morris water maze test. The contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in hippocampus and serum were significantly reduced with salidroside (20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg) treatment compared with those in the CIA group. In parallel, we demonstrated that the expressions of RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, p-NF-κBp65, p-IκBα, p-IKKα and p-IKKβ were enhanced accompanying the investigation arthritis-induced cognition deficits, which were remarkably down-regulated by salidroside and confirmed by the results obtained from western blot and immunohistochemistry. LC-MS/MS results ascertained that Sal could enter into the blood and brain tissues to exhibit the protective effect on arthritis-induced cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, it was assumed that Sal might be a potential therapeutic candidate to treat arthritis-induced brain cognition deficits through the regulation of Rho/ROCK/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingpeng Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiayun Chang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fen Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongyan Long
- Nanjing Municipal Hospital of T.C.M, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of T.C.M, Nanjing 210001, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chunhua Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Warner E, Krivitsky R, Cone K, Atherton P, Pitre T, Lanpher J, Giuvelis D, Bergquist I, King T, Bilsky EJ, Stevenson GW. Evaluation of a Postoperative Pain-Like State on Motivated Behavior in Rats: Effects of Plantar Incision on Progressive-Ratio Food-Maintained Responding. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:432-41. [PMID: 26494422 PMCID: PMC4715615 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been recent interest in characterizing the effects of pain-like states on motivated behaviors in order to quantify how pain modulates goal-directed behavior and the persistence of that behavior. The current set of experiments assessed the effects of an incisional postoperative pain manipulation on food-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio (PR) operant schedule. Independent variables included injury state (plantar incision or anesthesia control) and reinforcer type (grain pellet or sugar pellet); dependent variables were tactile sensory thresholds and response breakpoint. Once responding stabilized on the PR schedule, separate groups of rats received a single ventral hind paw incision or anesthesia (control condition). Incision significantly reduced breakpoints in rats responding for grain, but not sugar. In rats responding for sugar, tactile hypersensitivity recovered within 24 hr, indicating a faster recovery of incision-induced tactile hypersensitivity compared to rats responding for grain, which demonstrated recovery at PD2. The NSAID analgesic, diclofenac (5.6 mg/kg) completely restored incision-depressed PR operant responding and tactile sensitivity at 3 hr following incision. The PR schedule differentiated between sucrose and grain, suggesting that relative reinforcing efficacy may be an important determinant in detecting pain-induced changes in motivated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Warner
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Rebecca Krivitsky
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Katherine Cone
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Phillip Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Travis Pitre
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Janell Lanpher
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Denise Giuvelis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Ivy Bergquist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005
| | - Tamara King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, ME, 04005
| | - Edward J. Bilsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, ME, 04005
| | - Glenn W. Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005
- Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, ME, 04005
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Feng Y, LoGrasso PV, Defert O, Li R. Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2015; 59:2269-300. [PMID: 26486225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rho kinases (ROCKs) belong to the serine-threonine family, the inhibition of which affects the function of many downstream substrates. As such, ROCK inhibitors have potential therapeutic applicability in a wide variety of pathological conditions including asthma, cancer, erectile dysfunction, glaucoma, insulin resistance, kidney failure, neuronal degeneration, and osteoporosis. To date, two ROCK inhibitors have been approved for clinical use in Japan (fasudil and ripasudil) and one in China (fasudil). In 1995 fasudil was approved for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm, and more recently, ripasudil was approved for the treatment of glaucoma in 2014. In this Perspective, we present a comprehensive review of the physiological and biological functions for ROCK, the properties and development of over 170 ROCK inhibitors as well as their therapeutic potential, the current status, and future considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Defert
- Amakem Therapeutics , Agoralaan A bis, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rongshi Li
- Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Cancer Genes and Molecular Regulation Program, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center , 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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Ishikawa G, Koya Y, Tanaka H, Nagakura Y. Long-term analgesic effect of a single dose of anti-NGF antibody on pain during motion without notable suppression of joint edema and lesion in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:925-32. [PMID: 25677108 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) patients experience exaggerated pain during movements such as walking. Anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) antibodies have recently shown analgesic effects in OA patients. We examined the effect of a single dose of anti-NGF antibody on pain during motion, joint edema and lesion in a rat model of OA to determine whether the analgesic effect demonstrated in clinical studies can be translated to a preclinical model. METHODS Sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced arthritic rats that develop a right-left gait imbalance when walking as an index of pain during motion. This imbalance was assessed using a gait analysis system called "CatWalk". Edema size and lesion score in the relevant knee joint were also measured. The effect of a single intravenous injection of an anti-NGF monoclonal antibody AS2886401-00 on these parameters was assessed. RESULTS AS2886401-00 administered at 0.3 or 1 mg/kg on Day 3 post-MIA injection resulted in a statistically significant improvement in gait imbalance even on Day 35. When gait measurement was set on Week 3 post-MIA administration, administration of the antibody at a timing close to the gait measurement, i.e., 1 or 24 h prior to the measurement, was less effective. AS2886401-00 did not suppress either edema or lesion. CONCLUSIONS A single dose of anti-NGF antibody exerts a long-lasting analgesic effect on pain during motion in a rat model of OA. This finding could be associated with the analgesic efficacies that anti-NGF antibodies have exhibited in clinical studies. It appears unlikely that analgesia is secondary to inhibition of joint edema and lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ishikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Y Koya
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - H Tanaka
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Y Nagakura
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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Murai N, Takeshita N, Nishigaki F, Irie M, Tamura S, Aoki T, Matsuoka N. AS1069562, the (+)-isomer of indeloxazine, exerts analgesic effects in rat models of nociceptive pain. Neurol Res 2015; 37:525-30. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132815y.0000000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Suokas AK, Sagar DR, Mapp PI, Chapman V, Walsh DA. Design, study quality and evidence of analgesic efficacy in studies of drugs in models of OA pain: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2014; 22:1207-23. [PMID: 25008207 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies using animal models are important in drug development, but often poorly predict treatment results in man. We investigated factors that may impact on the magnitude of the analgesic treatment effect in animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) pain. DESIGN Systematic review of studies that measured behavioural pain outcomes in small animal models of OA, and tested drugs which reduce OA pain in man. Standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects meta-analysis for selected models and drugs. RESULTS Most studies used rat models (42/50) and chemical methods of OA induction (39/50). Analgesic treatment effect (SMD) was most commonly measured between drug- and vehicle treated rats with knee OA. Meta-analysis was carried out for 102 such comparisons from 26 studies. The pooled SMD was 1.36 (95% CI = 1.15-1.57). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were associated with smaller SMDs than opioids (z = -3.25, P = 0.001). Grip strength gave larger SMDs than assessment of static weight bearing (z = -4.60, P < 0.001), mechanically-evoked pain (z = -3.83, P = 0.001) and movement-evoked pain (z = -5.23, P < 0.001), and SMDs for mechanically-evoked pain were larger than for movement-evoked pain (z = -2.78, P = 0.006). Studies that reported structural evaluation of OA phenotype were associated with smaller SMDs (z = -2.45, P = 0.014). Publication was significantly biased towards positive findings. CONCLUSION Attention to study-level moderators and publication bias may improve the ability of research using animal models to predict whether analgesic agents will reduce arthritis pain in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Suokas
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - D R Sagar
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - P I Mapp
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Park CW, Ma KW, Jang SW, Son M, Kang MJ. Comparison of piroxicam pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory effect in rats after intra-articular and intramuscular administration. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:260-6. [PMID: 25009708 PMCID: PMC4060085 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of piroxicam (PX), a long acting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the treatment of arthritis, following intra-articular (IA) injection in comparison to the pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic efficacy of PX after intramuscular (IM) injection. In the pharmacokinetic study in rats, systemic exposure and pharmacokinetic parameters of PX after a single IA dose were compared with systemic exposure and pharmacokinetic parameters of PX after administration of the same dose IM (0.6 mg/kg). The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of IA PX were evaluated simultaneously in a monoiodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis rat model. The plasma PX concentration rapidly rose following IA injection, and it was comparable to the plasma PX concentration following IM injection, suggesting the rapid efflux of the drug molecule from the joint cavity. However, in the efficacy study, the IA PX administration significantly reduced the knee swelling by reducing the level of prostaglandin E2 in the joint, compared to that following administration of IA vehicle and after administration of the IM PX dose. In addition, we found that the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive efficacies of IA PX were synergistically increased upon co-treatment with hyaluronic acid (HA), a potent agent for the treatment of osteoarthritis, at the weight ratio of 1:1 or 1:2, and these effects were more pronounced than those following administration of HA or PX alone. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficacy of the IA use of PX alone and/or in combination with HA in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miwon Son
- Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin 446-905
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho-kinases (ROCKs), a family of small GTP-dependent enzymes, are involved in a range of pain models, and their inhibition typically leads to antinociceptive effects. OBJECTIVES To study the effects of inhibiting ROCKs using two known inhibitors, Y27632 and HA1077 (fasudil), administered locally, on nociception and paw edema in rats. METHODS A range of doses of Y27632 or HA1077 (2.5 μg to 1000 μg) were injected locally into rat paws alone or in combination with carrageenan, a known proinflammatory stimulus. Nociceptive responses to mechanical stimuli and increased paw volume, reflecting edema formation, were measured at 2 h and 3 h, using a Randall-Selitto apparatus and a hydroplethysmometer, respectively. RESULTS Animals treated with either ROCK inhibitor showed biphasic nociceptive effects, with lower doses being associated with pronociceptive, and higher doses with antinociceptive responses. In contrast, a monophasic dose-dependent increase in edema was observed in the same animals. Local injection of 8-bromo-cyclic (c)GMP, an activator of the nitric oxide⁄cGMP⁄protein kinase G pathway, also produced biphasic effects on nociceptive responses in rat paws; however, low doses were antinociceptive and high doses were pronociceptive. Local administration of cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of actin polymerization and a downstream mediator of ROCK activity, reversed the antinociceptive effect of Y27632. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that ROCKs participate in the local mechanisms associated with nociception⁄antinociception and inflammation, with a possible involvement of the nitric oxide⁄cGMP⁄protein kinase G pathway. Also, drug effects following local administration may differ markedly from the effects following systemic administration. Finally, separate treatment of pain and edema may be needed to maximize clinical benefit in inflammatory pain.
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Ishikawa G, Nagakura Y, Takeshita N, Shimizu Y. Efficacy of drugs with different mechanisms of action in relieving spontaneous pain at rest and during movement in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:111-7. [PMID: 24939049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) suffer from joint pain aggravated by movement, which affect their quality of life. In the present study, a weight bearing paradigm for pain at rest and a gait paradigm for pain during movement were tested in rats with unilateral knee arthritis induced by an intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA). At week 3 after MIA (1mg/knee) injection, animals developed pain-associated, right-left imbalances of weight distribution (weight bearing) or foot print parameters (gait). Diclofenac, at doses up to 30 mg/kg orally (p.o.), did not have a significant effect on either paradigm. Morphine rectified the weight bearing and gait imbalances at 1 and 3mg/kg subcutaneously, respectively. The weak opioid and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) tramadol also significantly corrected the indices at 10mg/kg (weight bearing) and 100mg/kg p.o. (gait). The SNRI duloxetine at 30 mg/kg p.o. corrected the weight bearing imbalance but not gait imbalance. We assessed the effect of different drugs on pain-induced disturbances in weight distribution and gait in MIA-induced arthritic rats. Analgesic drugs, each with different mechanisms of action, were less effective in rectifying the imbalance in gait than that in weight distribution. The assessment of the effect of analgesics on not only rest pain but pain during movement is valuable for the comprehensive examination of their therapeutic efficacies in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Ishikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Nagakura
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Takeshita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Shimizu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Rho kinase/ROCK is critical in vital signal transduction pathways central to many essential cellular activities. Since ROCK possess multiple substrates, modulation of ROCK activity is useful for treatment of many diseases. AREAS COVERED Significant progress has been made in the development of ROCK inhibitors over the past two years (Jan 2012 to Aug 2013). Patent search in this review was based on FPO IP Research and Communities and Espacenet Patent Search. In this review, patent applications will be classified into four groups for discussions. The grouping is mainly based on structures or scaffolds (groups 1 and 2) and biological functions of ROCK inhibitors (groups 3 and 4). These four groups are i) ROCK inhibitors based on classical structural elements for ROCK inhibition; ii) ROCK inhibitors based on new scaffolds; iii) bis-functional ROCK inhibitors; and iv) novel applications of ROCK inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Although currently only one ROCK inhibitor (fasudil) is used as a drug, more drugs based on ROCK inhibition are expected to be advanced into market in the near future. Several directions should be considered for future development of ROCK inhibitors, such as soft ROCK inhibitors, bis-functional ROCK inhibitors, ROCK2 isoform-selective inhibitors, and ROCK inhibitors as antiproliferation agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Feng
- Translational Research Institute, The Scripps Research Institute , Scripps Florida, #2A1, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458 , USA +1 561 228 2201 ;
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Zhang RX, Ren K, Dubner R. Osteoarthritis pain mechanisms: basic studies in animal models. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2013; 21:1308-15. [PMID: 23973145 PMCID: PMC3771690 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex and painful disease of the whole joint. At present there are no satisfying agents for treating OA. To promote OA research and improved treatment, this review summarizes current preclinical evidence on the development of OA. METHODS Preclinical OA research was searched and key findings are summarized and commented. RESULTS Mechanisms of OA-associated pain have been studied in rodent knee OA models produced by intra-knee injection of the chondrocyte glycolytic inhibitor mono-iodoacetate (MIA), surgery, or spontaneous development in some species. These models are clinically relevant in terms of histological damage and functional changes, and are used to study mechanisms underlying mechanical, thermal, ambulatory, body weight supporting-evoked, and ongoing OA pain. Recent peripheral, spinal, and supraspinal biochemical and electrophysiological studies in these models suggest that peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides sensitize knee nociceptors. Spinal cytokines and neuropeptides promote OA pain, and peripheral and spinal cannabinoids inhibit OA pain respectively through cannabinoid-1 (CB1) and CB1/CB2 receptors. TRPV1 and metalloproteinases contribute and supraspinal descending facilitation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)/5-HT 3 receptors may also contribute to OA pain. Conditioned place preference tests demonstrate that OA pain induces aversive behaviors, suggesting the involvement of brain. During OA, brain functional connectivity is enhanced, but at present it is unclear how this change is related to OA pain. CONCLUSION Animal studies demonstrate that peripheral and central sensitization contributes to OA pain, involving inflammatory cytokines, neuropeptides, and a variety of chemical mediators. Interestingly, brainstem descending facilitation of 5-HT/5-HT3 receptors plays a role OA pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xin Zhang
- Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ke Ren
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ronald Dubner
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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Radu BM, Bramanti P, Osculati F, Flonta ML, Radu M, Bertini G, Fabene PF. Neurovascular unit in chronic pain. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:648268. [PMID: 23840097 PMCID: PMC3687484 DOI: 10.1155/2013/648268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating condition with major socioeconomic impact, whose neurobiological basis is still not clear. An involvement of the neurovascular unit (NVU) has been recently proposed. In particular, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), two NVU key players, may be affected during the development of chronic pain; in particular, transient permeabilization of the barrier is suggested by several inflammatory- and nerve-injury-based pain models, and we argue that the clarification of molecular BBB/BSCB permeabilization events will shed new light in understanding chronic pain mechanisms. Possible biases in experiments supporting this theory and its translational potentials are discussed. Moving beyond an exclusive focus on the role of the endothelium, we propose that our understanding of the mechanisms subserving chronic pain will benefit from the extension of research efforts to the NVU as a whole. In this view, the available evidence on the interaction between analgesic drugs and the NVU is here reviewed. Chronic pain comorbidities, such as neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, are also discussed in view of NVU changes, together with innovative pharmacological solutions targeting NVU components in chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Maria-Luisa Flonta
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Bertini
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Fabene
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Nagakura Y, Ishikawa G, Kawasaki-Yatsugi S, Yoshimi E, Takeshita N, Aoki T, Shimizu Y, Ito H. [New methodologies in drug discovery research for analgesic agents: automated measurement of spontaneous pain-associated animal behaviors for alignment of preclinical/clinical endpoints]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2012; 140:211-215. [PMID: 23138318 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.140.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Abstract
Pain is an important survival mechanism for an organism. It can turn into severe mental and physical disorder however, if the molecular and/or cellular pathways involved in pain signaling are altered. Chronic pain is characterized by an altered pain perception that includes allodynia (a response to a normally non-noxious stimulus) and hyperalgesia (an exaggerated response to a normally noxious stimulus). Past few years of pain research has been mainly focused on precise understanding of the molecular and cellular nociceptive signatures altered during chronic pain, so that more effective pain relievers can be developed. The importance of protein kinases in normal cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis has evolved rapidly in the past few decades. The recent advancement defining the role of multiple protein kinases in regulating neuronal plasticity and pain sensitization has gained enough attention of pharmaceutical industry to develop specific and selective kinase inhibitors as analgesics. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is one such emerging kinase in pain biology. We will discuss here the recent advancement and therapeutic potential of Cdk5 in pain signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Kumar Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Lisa Zipp
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - John J Letterio
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Little CB, Zaki S. What constitutes an "animal model of osteoarthritis"--the need for consensus? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:261-7. [PMID: 22321719 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the use of animal models of osteoarthritis (OA) with regard to their utility for investigation of the mechanisms and regulation of structural pathology and pain. METHODS PubMed searches were conducted using separate clusters of terms to retrieve articles on (i) models of structural joint damage in genetically-modified (GM) mice, and (ii) models of OA joint pain. The papers were reviewed to investigate whether there was evidence that the research outcome was dependent on the model used. RESULTS Out of a total of 109 separate GM mice strains identified in which an effect on OA was reported, 15 had been studied using more than one arthritis model. In 10/15 the same effect of the GM on arthritis was reported in at least two different models. In 5/15 the effect of the GM on arthritis structural pathology was different, and sometimes opposite, when comparing two or more induction methods. A total of 112 publications were retrieved in which pain/disability was examined in a model suggested to represent OA. The induction methods used most commonly to study "OA pain" were distinct from those most often used to investigate the pathophysiology and regulation of structural joint damage. Four papers directly comparing pain mechanisms in different models were identified, with 3/4 describing differences in nociceptive pathways. CONCLUSIONS The available data indicates that the molecular mechanisms of both joint structural damage and pain may be distinct in animal models of OA induced or initiated by different means. This suggests the need to continue using multiple OA animal models but that the subsequent interpretation of the data and its extrapolation to the human condition must be more precise.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, Level 10 Kolling Building-B6, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Li R, Martin MP, Liu Y, Wang B, Patel RA, Zhu JY, Sun N, Pireddu R, Lawrence NJ, Li J, Haura EB, Sung SS, Guida WC, Schonbrunn E, Sebti SM. Fragment-based and structure-guided discovery and optimization of Rho kinase inhibitors. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2474-8. [PMID: 22272748 DOI: 10.1021/jm201289r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Using high concentration biochemical assays and fragment-based screening assisted by structure-guided design, we discovered a novel class of Rho-kinase inhibitors. Compound 18 was equipotent for ROCK1 (IC(50) = 650 nM) and ROCK2 (IC(50) = 670 nM), whereas compound 24 was more selective for ROCK2 (IC(50) = 100 nM) over ROCK1 (IC(50) = 1690 nM). The crystal structure of the compound 18-ROCK1 complex revealed that 18 is a type 1 inhibitor that binds the hinge region in the ATP binding site. Compounds 18 and 24 inhibited potently the phosphorylation of the ROCK substrate MLC2 in intact human breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongshi Li
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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Takeshita N, Yoshimi E, Hatori C, Kumakura F, Seki N, Shimizu Y. Alleviating Effects of AS1892802, a Rho Kinase Inhibitor, on Osteoarthritic Disorders in Rodents. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:481-9. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10319fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Involvement of IGF binding protein 5 in prostaglandin E(2)-induced cellular senescence in human fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2010; 12:239-52. [PMID: 21191810 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-010-9318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an underlying basis for the molecular alterations that link aging and age-related pathological processes. In a previous study, we found that secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) induced cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). To further investigate the association of inflammation with cellular senescence, the effects of PGE(2) on cellular senescence in HDFs were investigated, since PGE(2) is the most abundant prostanoid. PGE(2) treatment induces cellular senescence, as determined by a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Notably, PGE(2) treatment increased the IGFBP5 protein level. While treatment with PGE(2) antagonists repressed PGE(2)-induced cellular senescence, increasing intracellular cAMP accelerated cellular senescence. Down-regulation of IGFBP5 inhibited PGE(2)-induced cellular senescence. Taken together, these results suggest that PGE(2) may play an important role in controlling cellular senescence of HDFs through the regulation of IGFBP5 and therefore may contribute to inflammatory disorders associated with aging.
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