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Keeley T, Kirov A, Koh WY, Demambro V, Bergquist I, Cotter J, Caradonna P, Siviski ME, Best B, Henderson T, Rosen CJ, Liaw L, Prudovsky I, Small DJ. Resistance to visceral obesity is associated with increased locomotion in mice expressing an endothelial cell-specific fibroblast growth factor 1 transgene. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14034. [PMID: 30972920 PMCID: PMC6458108 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overdevelopment of visceral adipose is positively correlated with the etiology of obesity-associated pathologies including cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance. However, identification of genetic, molecular, and physiological factors regulating adipose development and function in response to nutritional stress is incomplete. Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) is a cytokine expressed and released by both adipocytes and endothelial cells under hypoxia, thermal, and oxidative stress. Expression of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) in adipose is required for normal depot development and remodeling. Loss of FGF1 leads to deleterious changes in adipose morphology, metabolism, and insulin resistance. Conversely, diabetic and obese mice injected with recombinant FGF1 display improvements in insulin sensitivity and a reduction in adiposity. We report in this novel, in vivo study that transgenic mice expressing an endothelial-specific FGF1 transgene (FGF1-Tek) are resistant to high-fat diet-induced abdominal adipose accretion and are more glucose-tolerant than wild-type control animals. Metabolic chamber analyses indicate that suppression of the development of visceral adiposity and insulin resistance was not associated with alterations in appetite or resting metabolic rate in the FGF1-Tek strain. Instead, FGF1-Tek mice display increased locomotor activity that likely promotes the utilization of dietary fatty acids before they can accumulate in adipose and liver. This study provides insight into the impact that genetic differences dictating the production of FGF1 has on the risk for developing obesity-related metabolic disease in response to nutritional stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Keeley
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
| | - Aleksandr Kirov
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaine
| | - Woon Yuen Koh
- Department of Mathematical SciencesCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
| | - Victoria Demambro
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaine
| | - Ivy Bergquist
- Center for Excellence in NeuroscienceCollege of MedicineUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
| | - Jessica Cotter
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
| | - Peter Caradonna
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
| | - Matthew E. Siviski
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaine
| | - Bradley Best
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
| | - Terry Henderson
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaine
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaine
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaine
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughMaine
| | - Deena J. Small
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordMaine
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Small DJ, Eaton V, Koh WY, Langlais A, Bergquist I, Mokler D, Prudovsky I. Increased Locomotor Activity is Associated with Enhanced Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in Mice Expressing an Endothelial Cell‐Specific Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Transgene. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.805.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deena J. Small
- Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordME
| | - Victoria Eaton
- Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordME
| | - Woon Yuen Koh
- Mathematical SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordME
| | | | | | - David Mokler
- Biomedical SciencesUniversity of New EnglandBiddefordME
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular MedicineMaine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughME
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McLane VD, Bergquist I, Cormier J, Barlow DJ, Houseknecht KL, Bilsky EJ, Cao L. Long-term morphine delivery via slow release morphine pellets or osmotic pumps: Plasma concentration, analgesia, and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal. Life Sci 2017; 185:1-7. [PMID: 28723417 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Slow-release morphine sulfate pellets and osmotic pumps are common routes of chronic morphine delivery in mouse models, but direct comparisons of these drug delivery systems are lacking. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of slow-release pellets versus osmotic pumps in delivering morphine to adult mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6NCr mice (8weeksold) were implanted subcutaneously with slow-release pellets (25mg morphine sulfate) or osmotic pumps (64mg/mL, 1.0μL/h). Plasma morphine concentrations were quantified via LC-MS/MS, analgesic efficacy was determined by tail flick assay, and dependence was assessed with naloxone-precipitated withdrawal behaviors (jumping) and physiological effects (excretion, weight loss). KEY FINDINGS Morphine pellets delivered significantly higher plasma drug concentrations compared to osmotic pumps, which were limited by the solubility of the morphine sulfate and pump volume/flow rate. Within 96h post-implantation, plasma morphine concentrations were indistinguishable in pellet vs. pump-treated samples. While osmotic pump did not have an antinociceptive effect in the tail flick assay, pumps and pellets induced comparable dependence symptoms (naloxone-precipitated jumping behavior) from 24-72h post-implantation. SIGNIFICANCE In this study, we compared slow-release morphine pellets to osmotic minipumps for morphine delivery in mice. We found that osmotic pumps and subcutaneous morphine sulfate pellets yielded significantly different pharmacokinetics over a 7-day period, and as a result significantly different antinociceptive efficacy. Nonetheless, both delivery methods induced dependence as measured by naloxone-precipitated withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia D McLane
- University of Maine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME 04669, United States; University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States.
| | - Ivy Bergquist
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - James Cormier
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Deborah J Barlow
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Karen L Houseknecht
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; University of New England, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
| | - Edward J Bilsky
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; University of New England, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; Pacific Northwest University, Yakima, WA 98901, United States
| | - Ling Cao
- University of New England, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States; University of New England, Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, Biddeford, ME 04005, United States
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Warner E, Krivitsky R, Cone K, Atherton P, Pitre T, Lanpher J, Giuvelis D, Bergquist I, King T, Bilsky EJ, Stevenson GW. Evaluation of a Postoperative Pain-Like State on Motivated Behavior in Rats: Effects of Plantar Incision on Progressive-Ratio Food-Maintained Responding. Drug Dev Res 2015; 76:432-41. [PMID: 26494422 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There has been recent interest in characterizing the effects of pain-like states on motivated behaviors in order to quantify how pain modulates goal-directed behavior and the persistence of that behavior. The current set of experiments assessed the effects of an incisional postoperative pain manipulation on food-maintained responding under a progressive-ratio (PR) operant schedule. Independent variables included injury state (plantar incision or anesthesia control) and reinforcer type (grain pellet or sugar pellet); dependent variables were tactile sensory thresholds and response breakpoint. Once responding stabilized on the PR schedule, separate groups of rats received a single ventral hind paw incision or anesthesia (control condition). Incision significantly reduced breakpoints in rats responding for grain, but not sugar. In rats responding for sugar, tactile hypersensitivity recovered within 24 hr, indicating a faster recovery of incision-induced tactile hypersensitivity compared to rats responding for grain, which demonstrated recovery at PD2. The NSAID analgesic, diclofenac (5.6 mg/kg) completely restored incision-depressed PR operant responding and tactile sensitivity at 3 hr following incision. The PR schedule differentiated between sucrose and grain, suggesting that relative reinforcing efficacy may be an important determinant in detecting pain-induced changes in motivated behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Warner
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Rebecca Krivitsky
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Katherine Cone
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Phillip Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Travis Pitre
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Janell Lanpher
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Denise Giuvelis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Ivy Bergquist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Tamara King
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Edward J Bilsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, ME, 04005, USA
| | - Glenn W Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04005, USA.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, ME, 04005, USA
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Giuvelis D, Palmer J, Bergquist I, Harding L, Brazeau D, Bilsky E. Comparison of Gel and Injection Delivered Carprofen for Post‐Operative Pain Management in Mice. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.893.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hara-Kaonga B, Gao YA, Havrda M, Harrington A, Bergquist I, Liaw L. Variable recombination efficiency in responder transgenes activated by Cre recombinase in the vasculature. Transgenic Res 2009; 15:101-6. [PMID: 16475014 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-005-2541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cre recombinase has become a ubiquitous tool in transgenic strategies for regulation of transgene expression in a tissue-specific manner. We report analysis of two SM22alphaCre lines and their ability to mediate genomic recombination in five independent Cre-responsive transgenic lines. One of the SM22alphaCre lines developed was a tet-on system based on the reverse tetracycline transactivator. Our goal was to use this strategy to inhibit the Notch signaling pathway specifically in smooth muscle cells. Our responder transgenes contained a constitutively expressed marker gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, CAT), flanked by loxP sites in direct orientation, upstream of Notch-related transgenes. We developed two dominant negative Notch transgenic responder lines activated by Cre-mediated DNA recombination. The first is the extracellular domain of human Jagged1, and the second is the extracellular domain of the human Notch2 receptor. Despite high expression of the marker gene in all responder lines, we found that Cre-mediated genomic recombination between these five lines was highly variable, ranging from 46 to 93% of individuals using an SM22alphaCre activating strain, or 8-58% of individuals using an inducible SM22alphartTACre. In all cases examined, detection of recombination by PCR correlated with expression of the transgene as determined by Western blot analysis. Our studies reflect the variability in recombination success based on the responder strain, presumably due to inaccessibility of the locus of integration of the responder allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochiwe Hara-Kaonga
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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Chen M, Yun ZB, Sällberg M, Schvarcz R, Bergquist I, Berglund HB, Sönnerborg A. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in the cell fraction of saliva before and after oral surgery. J Med Virol 1995; 45:223-6. [PMID: 7775943 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890450219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in serum, whole saliva, and saliva from the submaxillary glands was investigated before and after oral surgery. The presence of HCV RNA (positive and negative-strand RNA) was determined in serum and saliva by a nested polymerase chain reaction in 26 anti-HCV positive patients, of whom 11 were coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus-1. Oral surgery was carried out on five occasions on four of the patients. HCV RNA was detected in the sera of 23 of 26 (88%) patients, and in the saliva of 4 of the 23 (17%) of the viremic patients. In all four cases, HCV RNA was detected only in the cell fraction derived from centrifugation of whole saliva. Negative-stranded HCV RNA was not detected. At one of five occasions of oral surgery, HCV RNA was detected in saliva sampled immediately after surgery, but not before or 24 hours after surgery. The results suggest that HCV is present in saliva in less than 25% of HCV viremic persons. The presence of the virus in saliva is restricted to the cell fraction. Thus, saliva may serve as a possible, but low, nonparenteral transmission route of HCV. Contamination of saliva by blood during and after oral surgery may result in an increased risk of viral exposure. Except for trauma caused by sharp instruments during surgery, this might contribute to the higher HCV seropositivity found among dentists.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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