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Wu JJ, Zhang J, Xia CY, Ding K, Li XX, Pan XG, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. Hypericin: A natural anthraquinone as promising therapeutic agent. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154654. [PMID: 36689857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypericin is a prominent secondary metabolite mainly existing in genus Hypericum. It has become a research focus for a quiet long time owing to its extensively pharmacological activities especially the anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and neuroprotective effects. This review concentrated on summarizing and analyzing the existing studies of hypericin in a comprehensive perspective. METHODS The literature with desired information about hypericin published after 2010 was gained from electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and Wan Fang DATA. RESULTS According to extensive preclinical and clinical studies conducted on the hypericin, an organized and comprehensive summary of the natural and artificial sources, strategies for improving the bioactivities, pharmacological activities, drug combination of hypericin was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential of this active compound. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review offered a theoretical guidance for the follow-up research of hypericin. However, the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and structure activity relationship of hypericin should be further studied in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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2
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de Oliveira ACV, de Morais FAP, Campanholi KDSS, Bidóia DL, Balbinot RB, Nakamura CV, Caetano W, Hioka N, Monteiro ODS, da Rocha CQ, Gonçalves RS. Melanoma-targeted photodynamic therapy based on hypericin-loaded multifunctional P123-spermine/folate micelles. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103103. [PMID: 36057363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional P123 micelle linked covalently with spermine (SM) and folic acid (FA) was developed as a drug delivery system of hypericin (HYP). The chemical structures of the modified copolymers were confirmed by spectroscopy and spectrophotometric techniques (UV-vis, FTIR, and 1H NMR). The copolymeric micelles loading HYP were prepared by solid dispersion and characterized by UV-vis, fluorescence, dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results provided a good level of stability for HYP-loaded P123-SM, P123-FA, and P123-SM/P123-FA in the aqueous medium. The morphology analysis showed that all copolymeric micelles are spherical. Well-defined regions of different contrast allow us to infer that SM and FA were localized on the surface of micelles, and the HYP molecules are located in the core region of micelles. The uptake potential of multifunctional P123 micelle was accessed by exposing the micellar systems loading HYP to two cell lines, B16-F10 and HaCaT. HYP-loaded P123 micelles reveal a low selectivity for melanoma cells, showing significant photodamage for HaCat cells. However, the exposition of B16-F10 cells to Hyp-loaded SM- and FA-functionalized P123 micelles under light irradiation revealed the lowest CC50 values. The interpretation of these results suggested that the combination of SM and FA on P123 micelles is the main factor in enhancing the HYP uptake by melanoma cells, consequently leading to its photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danielle Lazarin Bidóia
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Bento Balbinot
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Celso Vataru Nakamura
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Noboru Hioka
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Ave., 87020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Odair Dos Santos Monteiro
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Quintino da Rocha
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Renato Sonchini Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Chemistry, Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
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Antifungal Activity of Amphiphilic Perylene Bisimides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206890. [PMID: 36296485 PMCID: PMC9609932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Perylene-based compounds, either naturally occurring or synthetic, have shown interesting biological activities. In this study, we report on the broad-spectrum antifungal properties of two lead amphiphilic perylene bisimides, compounds 4 and 5, which were synthesized from perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride by condensation with spermine and an ammonium salt formation. The antifungal activity was evaluated using a collection of fungal strains and clinical isolates from patients with onychomycosis or sporotrichosis. Both molecules displayed an interesting antifungal profile with MIC values in the range of 2–25 μM, being as active as several reference drugs, even more potent in some particular strains. The ammonium trifluoroacetate salt 5 showed the highest activity with a MIC value of 2.1 μM for all tested Candida spp., two Cryptococcus spp., two Fusarium spp., and one Neoscytalidium spp. strain. Therefore, these amphiphilic molecules with the perylene moiety and cationic ammonium side chains represent important structural features for the development of novel antifungals.
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He Y, Duan L, Wu H, Chen S, Lu T, Li T, He Y. Integrated Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Impact of Photodynamic Therapy on Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:731414. [PMID: 34881175 PMCID: PMC8645902 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.731414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels in the brain tissue form a compact vessel structure and play an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis of the neurovascular system. The low dosage of photodynamic intervention (PDT) significantly affects the expression of cellular biomarkers. To understand the impact of photodynamic interventions on cerebrovascular endothelial cells, we evaluated the dosage-dependent impact of porfimer sodium-mediated PDT on B.END3 cells using flow cytometer, comet assay, RNA sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. To examine whether PDT can induce disorder of intracellular organelles, we did not observe any significance damage of DNA and cellular skeleton. Moreover, expression levels of cellular transporters-related genes were significantly altered, implying the drawbacks of PDT on cerebrovascular functions. To address the potential molecular mechanisms of these phenotypes, RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were employed to identify critical genes and pathways among these processes. The gene ontology (GO) analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) identified 15 hub genes, highly associated with cellular mitosis process (CDK1, CDC20, MCM5, MCM7, MCM4, CCNA2, AURKB, KIF2C, ESPL1, BUB1B) and DNA replication (POLE2, PLOE, CDC45, CDC6). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) reveals that TNF-α/NF-κB and KRAS pathways may play a critical role in regulating expression levels of transporter-related genes. To further perform qRT-PCR assays, we find that TNF-α/NF-κB and KRAS pathways were substantially up-regulated, consistent with GSEA analysis. The current findings suggested that a low dosage of PDT intervention may be detrimental to the homeostasis of blood-brain barrier (BBB) by inducing the inflammatory response and affecting the expression of surface biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan He
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Taoyuan Lu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingkun He
- Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhengzhou, China
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Ma HL, Varanda LC, Perussi JR, Carrilho E. Hypericin-loaded oil-in-water nanoemulsion synthesized by ultrasonication process enhances photodynamic therapy efficiency. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 223:112303. [PMID: 34509718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypericin (Hy) is a hydrophobic photosensitizer used in photodynamic therapy for cancer therapeutic. In this study, Hy-loaded oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) were produced by the ultrasonication method combing different biocompatible oils and surfactants to enhance Hy aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Experimental parameters were optimized by the characterization of droplet size, zeta potential, and physicochemical properties. In vitro studies based on the release profile, cytotoxicity, cell morphology, and Hy intracellular accumulation were assayed. Hy at 100 mg L-1 was incorporated into the low viscosity (~0.005 Pa s) NEs with spherical droplets averaging 20-40 nm in size and polydispersity index <0.02. Hy release from the NE was significantly higher (4-fold) than its suspension (p < 0.001). The NEs demonstrated good physical stability during storage at 5 °C for at least six months. The Hy-loaded NEs exhibited an IC50 value 6-fold lower than Hy suspension during PDT against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7). Cell microscopy imaging confirmed the increased cytotoxic effects of Hy-loaded NEs, showing damaged and apoptotic cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy evidenced greater Hy delivery through NE into MCF-7 cells followed by improved intracellular ROS generation. Our results suggest that the Hy-loaded NEs can improve hypericin efficacy and assist Hy-PDT's preclinical development as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Ma
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laudemir Carlos Varanda
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Role of protein S-Glutathionylation in cancer progression and development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108890. [PMID: 33894196 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The survival, functioning and proliferation of mammalian cells are highly dependent on the cellular response and adaptation to changes in their redox environment. Cancer cells often live in an altered redox environment due to aberrant neo-vasculature, metabolic reprogramming and dysregulated proliferation. Thus, redox adaptations are critical for their survival. Glutathione plays an essential role in maintaining redox homeostasis inside the cells by binding to redox-sensitive cysteine residues in proteins by a process called S-glutathionylation. S-Glutathionylation not only protects the labile cysteine residues from oxidation, but also serves as a sensor of redox status, and acts as a signal for stimulation of downstream processes and adaptive responses to ensure redox equilibrium. The present review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of the unique redox adaptations during carcinogenesis and cancer progression, focusing on their dependence on S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins involved in a wide range of processes including signalling, transcription, structural maintenance, mitochondrial functions, apoptosis and protein recycling. We also provide insights into the role of S-glutathionylation in the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Finally, we provide a strong rationale for the development of redox targeting drugs for treatment of refractory/resistant cancers.
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Dong X, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Fu J, You L, He Y, Hao Y, Gu Z, Yu Z, Qu C, Yin X, Ni J, Cruz LJ. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer: a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 73:425-436. [PMID: 33793828 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypericin is a polycyclic aromatic naphthodianthrone that occurs naturally. It is also an active ingredient in some species of the genus Hypericum. Emerging evidence suggests that hypericin has attracted great attention as a potential anticancer drug and exhibits remarkable antiproliferative effect upon irradiation on various tumour cells. This paper aims to summarise the anticancer effect and molecular mechanisms modulated by hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy and its potential role in the cancer treatment. KEY FINDINGS Hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy could inhibit the proliferation of various tumour cells including bladder, colon, breast, cervical, glioma, leukaemia, hepatic, melanoma, lymphoma and lung cancers. The effect is primarily mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), JNK, PI3K, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)/TRIB3/Akt/mTOR, TRAIL/TRAIL-receptor, c-Met and Ephrin-Eph, the mitochondria and extrinsic signalling pathways. Furthermore, hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents or targeted therapies is more effective in inhibiting the growth of tumour cells. SUMMARY During the past few decades, the anticancer properties of photoactivated hypericin have been extensively investigated. Hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy can modulate a variety of proteins and genes and exhibit a great potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Hao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zili Gu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ghiasvand S, Javidi MA, Mohammadian A, Mousavi SA, Shahriari F, Alavian F. Transcriptome analysis evinces anti-neoplastic mechanisms of hypericin: A study on U87 glioblastoma cell line. Life Sci 2020; 266:118874. [PMID: 33358904 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypericin (HYP) from Hypericum perforatum has cytotoxic effects on a variety of malignant cell types, but the pattern of gene expression mediating the effect is largely unknown. Here we sought to analyze the response of U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines in response to HYP. MATERIALS AND METHODS U87 cell line was treated by HYP. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT and Annexin V/PI assays. Gene expression profile was obtained using high-throughput sequencing. Enrichment analysis was performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Upstream transcription factors and microRNAs regulating DEGs were predicted. The effects of DEGs on survival of GBM patients were calculated. Protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted to obtain key altered genes. The possible effect of HYP treatment on immunity response was evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The IC50 of HYP on U87 cell line was determined to be 1.5 μg/ml. The main type of cell death was apoptosis. A total of 312 DEGs were found. Affected Gene Ontology terms and pathways were identified. Analysis of upstream modulators of DEGs pointed out to transcription factors that significantly overlap with GBM stem cell transcription factor. Survival analysis suggested that HYP works best for the mesenchymal subtype patients. Tumor infiltration analysis predicted that HYP may affect Treg and macrophage infiltration in vivo. Using expression pattern of GBM patients and HYP-induced DEGs we suggested Fedratinib as a complementary drug to HYP. SIGNIFICANCE Our study represents the response of U87 cell line to HYP, with analyses on survival, transcription factors and personalization according to GBM subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Ghiasvand
- Departments of Biology, Faculty of Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Amin Javidi
- Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mousavi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shahriari
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Alavian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
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Hally C, Delcanale P, Nonell S, Viappiani C, Abbruzzetti S. Photosensitizing proteins for antibacterial photodynamic inactivation. TRANSLATIONAL BIOPHOTONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tbio.201900031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cormac Hally
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Barcelona Spain
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e InformaticheUniversità di Parma Parma Italy
| | - Pietro Delcanale
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e InformaticheUniversità di Parma Parma Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e InformaticheUniversità di Parma Parma Italy
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10
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Bianchini P, Cozzolino M, Oneto M, Pesce L, Pennacchietti F, Tognolini M, Giorgio C, Nonell S, Cavanna L, Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Diaspro A, Viappiani C. Hypericin-Apomyoglobin: An Enhanced Photosensitizer Complex for the Treatment of Tumor Cells. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2024-2033. [PMID: 30995399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bioavailability of photosensitizers for cancer photodynamic therapy is often hampered by their low solubility in water. Here, we overcome this issue by using the water-soluble protein apomyoglobin (apoMb) as a carrier for the photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp). The Hyp-apoMb complex is quickly uptaken by HeLa and PC3 cells at submicromolar concentrations. Fluorescence emission of Hyp-apoMb is exploited to localize the cellular distribution of the photosensitizer. The plasma membrane is rapidly and efficiently loaded, and fluorescence is observed in the cytoplasm only at later times and to a lesser extent. Comparison with cells loaded with Hyp alone demonstrates that the uptake of the photosensitizer without the protein carrier is a slower, less efficient process, that involves the whole cell structure without preferential accumulation at the plasma membrane. Cell viability assays demonstrate that the Hyp-apoMb exhibits superior performance over Hyp. Similar results were obtained using tumor spheroids as three-dimensional cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Nikon Imaging Center , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy
| | - Marco Cozzolino
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Department of Physics , University of Genoa , via Dodecaneso 33 , Genoa 16146 , Italy
| | - Michele Oneto
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Nikon Imaging Center , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy
| | - Luca Pesce
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Department of Physics , University of Genoa , via Dodecaneso 33 , Genoa 16146 , Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Tognolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 27/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Quimic de Sarrià , Universitat Ramon Llull , Via Augusta 390 , 08017 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Dipartimento di Oncologia-Ematologia , Azienda USL di Piacenza , Via Taverna, 49 , 29121 Piacenza , Italy
| | - Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 7/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 7/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanoscopy , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Nikon Imaging Center , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genoa 16163 , Italy.,Department of Physics , University of Genoa , via Dodecaneso 33 , Genoa 16146 , Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche , Università di Parma , Parco area delle Scienze 7/A , 43124 Parma , Italy
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Serum albumins are efficient delivery systems for the photosensitizer hypericin in photosensitization-based treatments against Staphylococcus aureus. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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12
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Sonodynamic therapy: A potential treatment for atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2018; 207:304-313. [PMID: 29940244 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), a chronic arterial disease, is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several treatment modalities have been demonstrated to be effective in treating AS; however, the mortality rate due to AS remains high. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a promising new treatment using low-intensity ultrasound in combination with sonosensitizers. Although SDT was developed from photodynamic therapy (PDT), it has a stronger tissue-penetrating capability and exhibits a more focused effect on the target lesional site requiring treatment. Furthermore, SDT has been demonstrated to suppress the formation of atheromatous plaques, and it can increase plaque stability both in vitro and in vivo. In this article, we critically summarize the recent literature on SDT, focusing on its possible mechanism of action as well as the existing and newly discovered sonosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of AS.
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13
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Moritz MN, Rossa C, de Oliveira KT, Uliana MP, Perussi JR. Phototoxicity in a laryngeal cancer cell line enhanced by a targeting amphiphilic chlorin photosensitizer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:355-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kessell AE, Ladmore GE, Quinn JC. An outbreak of primary photosensitisation in lambs secondary to consumption of Biserrula pelecinus (biserrula). Aust Vet J 2016; 93:174-8. [PMID: 25939266 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CASE REPORT An outbreak of photosensitisation affecting approximately 25% of a flock of 120 meat lambs that was grazing a monoculture of the pasture legume Biserrula pelecinus var. Casbah (biserrula) was investigated. Blood samples were taken from sheep with moderate to severe clinical signs, and from apparently normal animals, for a complete blood count and biochemistry; 5 affected animals were subjected to a full necropsy. Histopathological investigation showed lesions consistent with photosensitisation of the exposed unpigmented skin of the face and ears. No histopathological or clinical pathological abnormalities suggestive of a hepatopathy were detected in any of the cases, indicating that the lesions observed in this flock were caused by a primary photosensitising agent present in B. pelecinus. CONCLUSION This is the first confirmation that photosensitisation caused by ingestion of biserrula is caused by a primary photosensitising agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Kessell
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Nathan Cobb Drive, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
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Gyurászová K, Mikeš J, Halaburková A, Jendželovský R, Fedoročko P. YM155, a small molecule inhibitor of survivin expression, sensitizes cancer cells to hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:812-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we show for the first time that the repression of survivin expression by YM155 is effective in sensitizing cancer cells to HY-PDT, as measured by the decrease in cell viability and induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Gyurászová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Jaromír Mikeš
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Andrea Halaburková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology
- Faculty of Science
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice
- Košice
- Slovakia
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Debele TA, Peng S, Tsai HC. Drug Carrier for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22094-136. [PMID: 26389879 PMCID: PMC4613299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive combinatorial therapeutic modality using light, photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. When PSs in cells are exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they are transformed from the singlet ground state (S₀) to an excited singlet state (S₁-Sn), followed by intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state (T₁). The energy transferred from T₁ to biological substrates and molecular oxygen, via type I and II reactions, generates reactive oxygen species, (¹O₂, H₂O₂, O₂*, HO*), which causes cellular damage that leads to tumor cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The solubility, selectivity, and targeting of photosensitizers are important factors that must be considered in PDT. Nano-formulating PSs with organic and inorganic nanoparticles poses as potential strategy to satisfy the requirements of an ideal PDT system. In this review, we summarize several organic and inorganic PS carriers that have been studied to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilahun Ayane Debele
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Sydney Peng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 300 Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 106 Taipei, Taiwan.
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17
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Li X, Gao L, Zheng L, Kou J, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Zhong Z, Dan J, Xu H, Yang Y, Li H, Shi S, Cao W, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Yang L. The efficacy and mechanism of apoptosis induction by hypericin-mediated sonodynamic therapy in THP-1 macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:821-38. [PMID: 25653524 PMCID: PMC4309797 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s75398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the sonoactivity of hypericin (HY), together with its sonodynamic effect on THP-1 macrophages and the underlying mechanism. Materials and methods CCK-8 was used to examine cell viability. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was performed to assess the localization of HY in cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) after different treatments. Apoptosis was analyzed using Hoechst–propidium iodide and transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse was detected via fluorescence microscopy. Lipoprotein oxidation was determined in malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Western blotting was conducted to determine the translocation of BAX and cytochrome C and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. Results HY was sublocalized among the nuclei and the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosome in the cytosol of THP-1 macrophages. Under low-intensity ultrasound irradiation, HY significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, greater ROS generation, higher MDA levels, and greater ΔΨm loss were observed in the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) group. Both ROS generation and MDA levels were significantly reduced by the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and the singlet oxygen scavenger sodium azide. Most of the loss of ΔΨm was inhibited by pretreatment with NAC, sodium azide, and the mPTP inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA). mPTP opening was induced upon SDT but was reduced by pretreatment with bongkrekic acid, 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid disodium, CsA, and NAC. Western blot analyses revealed translocation of BAX and cytochrome C, downregulated expression of Bcl-2, and upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase in the SDT group, which were reversed by NAC. Conclusion HY mediated SDT-induced apoptosis in THP-1 macrophages via ROS generation. Then, the proapoptotic factor BAX translocated from the cytosol to the mitochondria, increasing the ratio of BAX/Bcl-2, and the mPTP opened to release cytochrome C. This study demonstrated the great potential of HY-mediated SDT for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Gao
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbin Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Kou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqing Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyu Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Dan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobo Xu
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- Laboratory of Sono- and Photo-theranostic Technologies, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China ; Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China ; Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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18
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Kleemann B, Loos B, Scriba TJ, Lang D, Davids LM. St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) photomedicine: hypericin-photodynamic therapy induces metastatic melanoma cell death. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103762. [PMID: 25076130 PMCID: PMC4116257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericin, an extract from St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), is a promising photosensitizer in the context of clinical photodynamic therapy due to its excellent photosensitizing properties and tumoritropic characteristics. Hypericin-PDT induced cytotoxicity elicits tumor cell death by various mechanisms including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy-related cell death. However, limited reports on the efficacy of this photomedicine for the treatment of melanoma have been published. Melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor due to its metastasizing potential and resistance to conventional cancer therapies. The aim of this study was to investigate the response mechanisms of melanoma cells to hypericin-PDT in an in vitro tissue culture model. Hypericin was taken up by all melanoma cells and partially co-localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes and melanosomes, but not the nucleus. Light activation of hypericin induced a rapid, extensive modification of the tubular mitochondrial network into a beaded appearance, loss of structural details of the endoplasmic reticulum and concomitant loss of hypericin co-localization. Surprisingly the opposite was found for lysosomal-related organelles, suggesting that the melanoma cells may be using these intracellular organelles for hypericin-PDT resistance. In line with this speculation we found an increase in cellular granularity, suggesting an increase in pigmentation levels in response to hypericin-PDT. Pigmentation in melanoma is related to a melanocyte-specific organelle, the melanosome, which has recently been implicated in drug trapping, chemotherapy and hypericin-PDT resistance. However, hypericin-PDT was effective in killing both unpigmented (A375 and 501mel) and pigmented (UCT Mel-1) melanoma cells by specific mechanisms involving the externalization of phosphatidylserines, cell shrinkage and loss of cell membrane integrity. In addition, this treatment resulted in extrinsic (A375) and intrinsic (UCT Mel-1) caspase-dependent apoptotic modes of cell death, as well as a caspase-independent apoptotic mode that did not involve apoptosis-inducing factor (501 mel). Further research is needed to shed more light on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Kleemann
- Redox Laboratory and Confocal and Light Microscope Imaging Facility, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Benjamin Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African TB Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Redox Laboratory and Confocal and Light Microscope Imaging Facility, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lester M. Davids
- Redox Laboratory and Confocal and Light Microscope Imaging Facility, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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19
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Penjweini R, Smisdom N, Deville S, Ameloot M. Transport and accumulation of PVP-Hypericin in cancer and normal cells characterized by image correlation spectroscopy techniques. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:855-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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20
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Photosensitizing effects of hypericin on head neck squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 272:711-8. [PMID: 24687800 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Clinical outcome of patients suffering from head neck squamous cell carcinomas is still poor due to recurrent disease and surgical limitations. There is still a demand for multimodality approaches and new therapeutic options. Hypericin is a promising phototoxic drug which was investigated for its effects on head neck squamous cell carcinoma cells in vitro. FaDu cells incubated with or without hypericin were illuminated (450-700 nm, 50,000 lx) for different time periods. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide- and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay were used to score metabolic and apoptotic activity. Even after the shortest illumination FaDu cells incubated with hypericin showed massive reduction of metabolism and excessive apoptosis. This was present even with the lowest hypericin concentration. Cells without hypericin or without illumination were not affected. These photosensitizing effects of hypericin could be suitable for clinical application and could lead to the development of an intraoperative photodynamic therapy of head neck squamous cell carcinomas.
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21
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Li X, Wan X, Chen H, Yang S, Liu Y, Mo W, Meng D, Du W, Huang Y, Wu H, Wang J, Li T, Li Y. Identification of miR-133b and RB1CC1 as independent predictors for biochemical recurrence and potential therapeutic targets for prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2312-25. [PMID: 24610824 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the contribution of microRNA-133b (miR-133b) in prostate cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. We also examined expression of miR-133b in prostate cancer tissues, and evaluated the prognostic significance of miR-133b, as well as its target gene RB1CC1 in patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN miR-133b mimics (miR-133bm) and anti-miR-133b were transfected into LNCaP and PC-3 cells. CCK-8 was used to look at cell proliferation, flow cytometric analysis was carried out to study cell cycle, and apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 activity. miR-133b expression was assessed by real-time reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization in prostatic cell lines and 178 prostate tissue samples, respectively. The protein level of RB1CC1 was examined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in prostatic cell lines and prostate tissue samples, respectively. RESULTS Overexpression of miR-133b in LNCaP cells boosted cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression, but inhibited apoptosis; in contrast, miR-133bm promoted cell apoptosis, but suppressed cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression in PC-3 cells. In LNCaP cells, silencing of RB1CC1, a target of miR-133b, inhibited cell apoptosis, and promoted cell-cycle progression. Moreover, miR-133b expression was significantly inversely correlated with RB1CC1 expression in prostate cancer tissues. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that miR-133b and RB1CC1 might be two independent prognostic factors of biochemical recurrence. CONCLUSIONS miR-133b might enhance tumor-promoting properties in less aggressive LNCaP cells, whereas this miR may act as a tumor suppressor in more aggressive PC-3 cells. miR-133b and RB1CC1 were independent prognostic indicators for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Authors' Affiliations: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University; Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai; and Department of Urology, Hefei First People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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22
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Feinweber D, Verwanger T, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I, Krammer B. Applicability of new degradable hypericin–polymer-conjugates as photosensitizers: principal mode of action demonstrated by in vitro models. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1607-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Novel degradable polymers are shown to be promising carriers for the delivery of hypericin for PDT, significantly enhancing solubility of the free drug without compromising the photoactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Feinweber
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology
- Department of Molecular Biology
- University of Salzburg
- 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Verwanger
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology
- Department of Molecular Biology
- University of Salzburg
- 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- Johannes Kepler University Linz
- 4060 Leonding, Austria
| | - Barbara Krammer
- Division of Molecular Tumor Biology
- Department of Molecular Biology
- University of Salzburg
- 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Sheinman V, Rudnitsky A, Toichuev R, Eshiev A, Abdullaeva S, Egemkulov T, Zalevsky Z. Implantable photonic devices for improved medical treatments. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:108001. [PMID: 25279540 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.10.108001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An evolving area of biomedical research is related to the creation of implantable units that provide various possibilities for imaging, measurement, and the monitoring of a wide range of diseases and intrabody phototherapy. The units can be autonomic or built-in in some kind of clinically applicable implants. Because of specific working conditions in the live body, such implants must have a number of features requiring further development. This topic can cause wide interest among developers of optical, mechanical, and electronic solutions in biomedicine. We introduce preliminary clinical trials obtained with an implantable pill and devices that we have developed. The pill and devices are capable of applying in-body phototherapy, low-level laser therapy, blue light (450 nm) for sterilization, and controlled injection of chemicals. The pill is also capable of communicating with an external control box, including the transmission of images from inside the patient’s body. In this work, our pill was utilized for illumination of the sinus-carotid zone in dog and red light influence on arterial pressure and heart rate was demonstrated. Intrabody liver tissue laser ablation and nanoparticle-assisted laser ablation was investigated. Sterilization effect of intrabody blue light illumination was applied during a maxillofacial phlegmon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sheinman
- Bar-Ilan University, Faculty of Engineering, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Arkady Rudnitsky
- Bar-Ilan University, Faculty of Engineering, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Rakhmanbek Toichuev
- Institute of Medical Problems, Southern Branch of National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, 723506 Osh, Kyrgyz Republic
| | | | | | | | - Zeev Zalevsky
- Bar-Ilan University, Faculty of Engineering, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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Zeng H, Sun M, Zhou C, Yin F, Wang Z, Hua Y, Cai Z. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy selectively kills sarcomas by inducing apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77727. [PMID: 24204937 PMCID: PMC3813767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antitumor effect and mechanism of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) in sarcomas. Intracellular uptake of HMME by osteosarcoma cells (LM8 and K7) was time- and dose-dependent, while this was not observed for myoblast cells (C2C12) and fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3). HMME-PDT markedly inhibited the proliferation of sarcoma cell lines (LM8, MG63, Saos-2, SW1353, TC71, and RD) (P<0.05), and the killing effect was improved with increased HMME concentration and energy intensity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that LM8, MG63, and Saos-2 cells underwent apoptosis after treatment with HMME-PDT. Additionally, apoptosis was induced after HMME-PDT in a three-dimensional culture of osteosarcoma cells. Hoechst 33342 staining confirmed apoptosis. Cell death caused by PDT was rescued by an irreversible inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) of caspase. However, cell viability was not markedly decreased compared with the HMME-PDT group. Expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins were markedly up-regulated in the treatment groups and increased with HMME concentration as determined by western blot analysis. In vivo, tumor volume markedly decreased at 7–16 days post-PDT. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed widespread necrotic and infiltrative inflammatory cells in the HMME-PDT group. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that caspase-1, caspase-3, caspase-6, caspase-9, and PARP proteins were significantly increased in the HMME-PDT group. These results indicate that HMME-PDT has a potent killing effect on osteosarcoma cells in vitro and significantly inhibits tumor growth in vivo, which is associated with the caspase-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxiong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (ZC)
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YH); (ZC)
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Nafee N, Youssef A, El-Gowelli H, Asem H, Kandil S. Antibiotic-free nanotherapeutics: Hypericin nanoparticles thereof for improved in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and wound healing. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:249-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Korbelik M, Zhang W, Saw KM, Szulc ZM, Bielawska A, Separovic D. Cationic ceramides and analogues, LCL30 and LCL85, as adjuvants to photodynamic therapy of tumors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 126:72-7. [PMID: 23911762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is known to alter the expression of various genes in treated cells. This prompted us to examine the activity of genes encoding two important enzymes in sphingolipid (SL) metabolism, dihydroceramide desaturase (DES) and sphingosine kinase (SPHK), in mouse SCCVII tumor cells treated by PDT using either the porphyrin-based photosensitizer Photofrin or silicon phthalocyanine Pc4. The results revealed that PDT induced an upregulation in the expression of two major isoforms of both genes (DES1 and DES2 as well as SPHK1 and SPHK2). While the changes were generally moderate (2-3-fold gains), the increase in DES2 expression was more pronounced and it was much greater with Photofrin-PDT than with Pc4-PDT (over 23-fold vs. less than 5-fold). Combining either Photofrin-PDT or Pc4-PDT with the cationic C16-ceramide LCL30 (20mg/kg i.p.) for treatment of subcutaneously growing SCCVII tumors rendered important differences in the therapy outcome. Photofrin-PDT, used at a dose that attained good initial response but no tumor cures, produced 50% cures when combined with a single LCL30 treatment. In contrast, the same LCL30 treatment combined with Pc4-PDT had no significant effect on tumor response. The optimal timing of LCL30 injection was immediately after Photofrin-PDT. The therapeutic benefit was lost when LCL30 was given in two 20mg/kg injections encompassing intervals before and after PDT. LCL85, the cationic B13 ceramide analogue and SL-modulating agent, also increased cure rates of Photofrin-PDT treated tumors, but the therapeutic benefit was less pronounced than with LCL30. These results with LCL30 and LCL85, and our previous findings for LCL29 (another SL analogue), assert the potential of SLs for use as adjuvants to augment the efficacy of PDT-mediated tumor destruction.
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Barathan M, Mariappan V, Shankar EM, Abdullah BJJ, Goh KL, Vadivelu J. Hypericin-photodynamic therapy leads to interleukin-6 secretion by HepG2 cells and their apoptosis via recruitment of BH3 interacting-domain death agonist and caspases. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e697. [PMID: 23807226 PMCID: PMC3702308 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a capable therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. PDT is a targeted cancer therapy that reportedly leads to tumor cell apoptosis and/or necrosis by facilitating the secretion of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines and expression of multiple apoptotic mediators in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, PDT also triggers oxidative stress that directs tumor cell killing and activation of inflammatory responses. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PDT in facilitating tumor cell apoptosis remain ambiguous. Here, we investigated the ability of PDT in association with hypericin (HY) to induce tumor cell apoptosis by facilitating the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secretion of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines in human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line (HepG2) cells. To discover if any apoptotic mediators were implicated in the enhancement of cell death of HY-PDT-treated tumor cells, selected gene profiling in response to HY-PDT treatment was implemented. Experimental results showed that interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly increased in all HY-PDT-treated cells, especially in 1 μg/ml HY-PDT, resulting in cell death. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the expression of apoptotic genes, such as BH3-interacting-domain death agonist (BID), cytochrome complex (CYT-C) and caspases (CASP3, 6, 7, 8 and 9) was remarkably higher in HY-PDT-treated HepG2 cells than the untreated HepG2 cells, entailing that tumor destruction of immune-mediated cell death occurs only in PDT-treated tumor cells. Hence, we showed that HY-PDT treatment induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells by facilitating cytotoxic ROS, and potentially recruits IL-6 and apoptosis mediators, providing additional hints for the existence of alternative mechanisms of anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma, which contribute to long-term suppression of tumor growth following PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barathan
- Tropical Infectious Disease Research and Education Center (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kong M, Zhang J, Jiang C, Jiang X, Li Y, Gao M, Yao N, Huang D, Wang X, Fang Z, Liu W, Sun Z, Ni Y. Necrosis affinity evaluation of 131I-hypericin in a rat model of induced necrosis. J Drug Target 2013; 21:604-10. [PMID: 23627568 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2013.789034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are often with spontaneous or therapeutic necrosis that could be utilized as a generic target for developing new treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of radioiodinated hypericin (Hyp), a naturally occurring compound, after intravenous (i.v.) injection in a rat model of liver and muscle necrosis (n = 42), and evaluate its necrosis affinity. Hyp was labeled with (131)I with labeling efficiency >99%. After incubating in solution/rat plasma for 8 days, radiochemical purity of (131)I-Hyp remained 98.1 and 97.1%, respectively, indicating good in vitro stability. SPECT-CT images at 24 h after i.v. injection of (131)I-Hyp in rats with induced liver and muscle necrosis showed obvious tracer absorption in necrotic tissues. Biodistribution studies revealed that the percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) evolved from 1.9 %ID/g at 6 h, through a maximum 3.0 %ID/g at 12 h, to 1.0 %ID/g at 192 h in necrotic liver. Pharmacokinetics studies revealed that the terminal elimination half-life, total body clearance and area under the curve of (131)I-Hyp were 32.7 h, 9.2 L/h/kg and 1.6 MBq/L*h, respectively. These results demonstrated that (131)I-Hyp features a long blood circulation in animals and persistent retention in necrotic tissues. Therefore, (131)I-labeled Hyp could be a broad-spectrum anti-tumor agent with a cost much cheaper relative to the biological agents such as monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Lab of Translational Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Comas-Barceló J, Rodríguez-Amigo B, Abbruzzetti S, Rey-Puech PD, Agut M, Nonell S, Viappiani C. A self-assembled nanostructured material with photosensitising properties. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42609b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Gyenge EB, Lüscher D, Forny P, Antoniol M, Geisberger G, Walt H, Patzke G, Maake C. Photodynamic mechanisms induced by a combination of hypericin and a chlorin based-photosensitizer in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 89:150-62. [PMID: 22882495 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to elucidate photodynamic therapy (PDT) effects mediated by hypericin and a liposomal meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC) derivative, with focus on their 1:1 mixture, on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Absorption, excitation and photobleaching were monitored using fluorescence spectrometry, showing the same spectral patterns for the mixture as measured for single photosensitizers. In the mixture mTHPC showed a prolonged photo-stability. Singlet oxygen yield for light-activated mTHPC was Φ(Δ) = 0.66, for hypericin Φ(Δ) = 0.25 and for the mixture Φ(Δ) = ~0.4. A linear increase of singlet oxygen yield for mTHPC and the mixture was found, whereas hypericin achieved saturation after 35 min. Reactive oxygen species fluorescence was only visible after hypericin and mixture-induced PDT. Cell viability was also more affected with these two treatment options under the selected conditions. Examination of death pathways showed that hypericin-mediated cell death was apoptotic, with mTHPC necrotic and the 1:1 mixture showed features of both. Changes in gene expression after PDT indicated strong up-regulation of selected heat-shock proteins. The application of photosensitizer mixtures with the features of reduced dark toxicity and combined apoptotic and necrotic cell death may be beneficial in clinical PDT. This will be the focus of our future investigations.
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Keskin T, Isgor BS, Isgor YG, Yukruk F. Evaluation of Perylenediimide Derivatives for Potential Therapeutic Benefits on Cancer Chemotherapy. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:675-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Dinçalp H, Kızılok Ş, Birel ÖH, İçli S. Synthesis and G-quadruplex binding study of a novel full visible absorbing perylene diimide dye. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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