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Hernández-García S, Flores-García M, Maldonado-Vega M, Hernández G, Meneses-Melo F, López-Vanegas NC, Calderón-Salinas JV. Adaptive changes in redox response and decreased platelet aggregation in lead-exposed workers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104134. [PMID: 37116628 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lead exposure can generate pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory conditions in the blood, related to high platelet activation and aggregation, altering cell functions. We studied ADP-stimulated aggregation and the oxidant/antioxidant system of platelets from chronically lead-exposed workers and non-exposed workers. Platelet aggregation was low in lead-exposed workers (62 vs. 97%), who had normal platelet counts and showed no clinical manifestations of hemostatic failure. ADP-activated platelets from lead-exposed workers failed to increase superoxide release (3.3 vs. 6.6 µmol/g protein), had low NADPH concentration (60 vs. 92 nmol/mg protein), high concentration of hydrogen peroxide (224 vs. 129 nmol/mg protein) and high plasma PGE2 concentration (287 vs. 79 pg/mL). Altogether, those conditions, on the one hand, could account for the low platelet aggregation and, on the other, indicate an adaptive mechanism for the oxidative status of platelets and anti-aggregating molecules to prevent thrombotic problems in the pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory environment of chronic lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hernández-García
- Biochemistry Department, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mirthala Flores-García
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Dr. Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Maldonado-Vega
- Planning, Teaching and Research Department, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío. León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Hernández
- Section Methodology of Science, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-IPN (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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A Phytoprostane from Gracilaria longissima Increases Platelet Activation, Platelet Adhesion to Leukocytes and Endothelial Cell Migration by Potential Binding to EP3 Prostaglandin Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032730. [PMID: 36769052 PMCID: PMC9916792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) are lipid oxidative stress mediators that share structural similarities with mammal prostaglandins (PGs). They have been demonstrated to modulate inflammatory processes mediated by prostaglandins. The present study aims to test the effects of the most abundant oxylipin from Gracilaria longissima, ent-9-D1t-Phytoprostane (9-D1t-PhytoP), on platelet activation and vascular cells as well as clarify possible interactions with platelets and the endothelial EP3 receptor Platelet and monocyte activation was assessed by flow cytometry in the presence of purified 9-D1t-PhytoP. Cell migration was studied using the human Ea.hy926 cell line by performing a scratch wound healing assay. The RNA expression of inflammatory markers was evaluated by RT-PCR under inflammatory conditions. Blind docking consensus was applied to the study of the interactions of selected ligands against the EP3 receptor protein. The 9D1t-PhytoP exerts several pharmacological effects; these include prothrombotic and wound-healing properties. In endothelial cells, 9D1t-PhytP mimics the migration stimulus of PGE2. Computational analysis revealed that 9D1t-PhytP forms a stable complex with the hydrophobic pocket of the EP3 receptor by interaction with the same residues as misoprostol and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thus supporting its potential as an EP3 agonist. The potential to form procoagulant platelets and the higher endothelial migration rate of the 9-D1t-PhytoP, together with its capability to interact with PGE2 main target receptor in platelets suggest herein that this oxylipin could be a strong candidate for pharmaceutical research from a multitarget perspective.
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Kolb M, Orfanos SE, Lambers C, Flaherty K, Masters A, Lancaster L, Silverstein A, Nathan SD. The Antifibrotic Effects of Inhaled Treprostinil: An Emerging Option for ILD. Adv Ther 2022; 39:3881-3895. [PMID: 35781186 PMCID: PMC9402520 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02229-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) encompasses a heterogeneous group of parenchymal lung diseases characterized by variable amounts of inflammation and fibrosis. The targeting of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with antifibrotic treatments is a potential therapeutic target for these potentially fatal diseases. Treprostinil is unique among the prostacyclin mimetics in that it has distinct actions at additional prostaglandin receptors. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that treprostinil has antifibrotic effects through the activation of the prostaglandin E receptor 2 (EP2), the prostaglandin D receptor 1 (DP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). In vivo studies of EP2 and the DP1 have found that administration of treprostinil resulted in a reduction in cell proliferation, reduced collagen secretion and synthesis, and reduced lung inflammation and fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo studies of PPARβ and PPARγ demonstrated that treprostinil inhibited fibroblast proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Clinical data from a post hoc analysis of the INCREASE trial found that inhaled treprostinil improved forced vital capacity in the overall population as well as in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis subgroups. These preclinical and clinical findings suggest a dual benefit of treprostinil through the amelioration of both lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- 1st Department of Critical Care, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Pulmonary Hypertension Center Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chris Lambers
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pneumology, Ordensklinikum Linz/Elisabethinen, Linz, Austria
| | | | - Alison Masters
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lisa Lancaster
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adam Silverstein
- United Therapeutics Corporation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Steven D Nathan
- Advanced Lung Disease and Transplant Program, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.
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Badimon L, Vilahur G, Rocca B, Patrono C. The key contribution of platelet and vascular arachidonic acid metabolism to the pathophysiology of atherothrombosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2001-2015. [PMID: 33484117 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, present in esterified form in the membrane phospholipids of all mammalian cells and released from phospholipids by several phospholipases in response to various activating or inhibitory stimuli. Arachidonic acid is the precursor of a large number of enzymatically and non-enzymatically derived, biologically active autacoids, including prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxane (TX) A2, leukotrienes, and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (collectively called eicosanoids), endocannabinoids and isoprostanes, respectively. Eicosanoids are local modulators of the physiological functions and pathophysiological roles of blood vessels and platelets. For example, the importance of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-derived TXA2 from activated platelets in contributing to primary haemostasis and atherothrombosis is demonstrated in animal and human models by the bleeding complications and cardioprotective effects associated with low-dose aspirin, a selective inhibitor of platelet COX-1. The relevance of vascular COX-2-derived prostacyclin (PGI2) in endothelial thromboresistance and atheroprotection is clearly shown by animal and human models and by the adverse cardiovascular effects exerted by COX-2 inhibitors in humans. A vast array of arachidonic acid-transforming enzymes, downstream synthases and isomerases, transmembrane receptors, and specificity in their tissue expression make arachidonic acid metabolism a fine-tuning system of vascular health and disease. Its pharmacological regulation is central in human cardiovascular diseases, as demonstrated by biochemical measurements and intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bianca Rocca
- Department of Bioethics and Safety, Section of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Gemelli' Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Patrono
- Department of Bioethics and Safety, Section of Pharmacology, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy.,Gemelli' Foundation, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Braune S, Küpper JH, Jung F. Effect of Prostanoids on Human Platelet Function: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239020. [PMID: 33260972 PMCID: PMC7730041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostanoids are bioactive lipid mediators and take part in many physiological and pathophysiological processes in practically every organ, tissue and cell, including the vascular, renal, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. In this review, we focus on their influence on platelets, which are key elements in thrombosis and hemostasis. The function of platelets is influenced by mediators in the blood and the vascular wall. Activated platelets aggregate and release bioactive substances, thereby activating further neighbored platelets, which finally can lead to the formation of thrombi. Prostanoids regulate the function of blood platelets by both activating or inhibiting and so are involved in hemostasis. Each prostanoid has a unique activity profile and, thus, a specific profile of action. This article reviews the effects of the following prostanoids: prostaglandin-D2 (PGD2), prostaglandin-E1, -E2 and E3 (PGE1, PGE2, PGE3), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane-A2 (TXA2) on platelet activation and aggregation via their respective receptors.
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Norel X, Sugimoto Y, Ozen G, Abdelazeem H, Amgoud Y, Bouhadoun A, Bassiouni W, Goepp M, Mani S, Manikpurage HD, Senbel A, Longrois D, Heinemann A, Yao C, Clapp LH. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CIX. Differences and Similarities between Human and Rodent Prostaglandin E 2 Receptors (EP1-4) and Prostacyclin Receptor (IP): Specific Roles in Pathophysiologic Conditions. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:910-968. [PMID: 32962984 PMCID: PMC7509579 DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase activities. Among prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 are strongly involved in the regulation of homeostasis and main physiologic functions. In addition, the synthesis of these two prostaglandins is significantly increased during inflammation. PGI2 and PGE2 exert their biologic actions by binding to their respective receptors, namely prostacyclin receptor (IP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1-4, which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors. IP and EP1-4 receptors are widely distributed in the body and thus play various physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in studies using pharmacological approaches, genetically modified animals, and genome-wide association studies regarding the roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors in the immune, cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. In particular, we highlight similarities and differences between human and rodents in terms of the specific roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, functions, and activities for each biologic system. We also highlight the potential novel therapeutic benefit of targeting IP and EP1-4 receptors in several diseases based on the scientific advances, animal models, and human studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this review, we present an update of the pathophysiologic role of the prostacyclin receptor, prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors when activated by the two main prostaglandins, namely prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2, produced during inflammatory conditions in human and rodents. In addition, this comparison of the published results in each tissue and/or pathology should facilitate the choice of the most appropriate model for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Norel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Heba Abdelazeem
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yasmine Amgoud
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amel Bouhadoun
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Salma Mani
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amira Senbel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
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7
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Thibeault PE, Ramachandran R. Biased signaling in platelet G-protein coupled receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:255-269. [PMID: 32846106 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small megakaryocyte-derived, anucleate, disk-like structures that play an outsized role in human health and disease. Both a decrease in the number of platelets and a variety of platelet function disorders result in petechiae or bleeding that can be life threatening. Conversely, the inappropriate activation of platelets, within diseased blood vessels, remains the leading cause of death and morbidity by affecting heart attacks and stroke. The fine balance of the platelet state in healthy individuals is controlled by a number of receptor-mediated signaling pathways that allow the platelet to rapidly respond and maintain haemostasis. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are particularly important regulators of platelet function. Here we focus on the major platelet-expressed GPCRs and discuss the roles of downstream signaling pathways (e.g., different G-protein subtypes or β-arrestin) in regulating the different phases of the platelet activation. Further, we consider the potential for selectively targeting signaling pathways that may contribute to platelet responses in disease through development of biased agonists. Such selective targeting of GPCR-mediated signaling pathways by drugs, often referred to as biased signaling, holds promise in delivering therapeutic interventions that do not present significant side effects, especially in finely balanced physiological systems such as platelet activation in haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre E Thibeault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
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8
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Crescente M, Armstrong PC, Kirkby NS, Edin ML, Chan MV, Lih FB, Jiao J, Maffucci T, Allan HE, Mein CA, Gaston-Massuet C, Cottrell GS, Mitchell JA, Zeldin DC, Herschman HR, Warner TD. Profiling the eicosanoid networks that underlie the anti- and pro-thrombotic effects of aspirin. FASEB J 2020; 34:10027-10040. [PMID: 32592197 PMCID: PMC9359103 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000312r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin prevents thrombosis by inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 activity and the production of thromboxane (Tx)A2, a pro-thrombotic eicosanoid. However, the non-platelet actions of aspirin limit its antithrombotic effects. Here, we used platelet-COX-1-ko mice to define the platelet and non-platelet eicosanoids affected by aspirin. Mass-spectrometry analysis demonstrated blood from platelet-COX-1-ko and global-COX-1-ko mice produced similar eicosanoid profiles in vitro: for example, formation of TxA2, prostaglandin (PG) F2α, 11-hydroxyeicosatraenoic acid (HETE), and 15-HETE was absent in both platelet- and global-COX-1-ko mice. Conversely, in vivo, platelet-COX-1-ko mice had a distinctly different profile from global-COX-1-ko or aspirin-treated control mice, notably significantly higher levels of PGI2 metabolite. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) predicted that platelet-COX-1-ko mice would be protected from thrombosis, forming less pro-thrombotic TxA2 and PGE2. Conversely, aspirin or lack of systemic COX-1 activity decreased the synthesis of anti-aggregatory PGI2 and PGD2 at non-platelet sites leading to predicted thrombosis increase. In vitro and in vivo thrombosis studies proved these predictions. Overall, we have established the eicosanoid profiles linked to inhibition of COX-1 in platelets and in the remainder of the cardiovascular system and linked them to anti- and pro-thrombotic effects of aspirin. These results explain why increasing aspirin dosage or aspirin addition to other drugs may lessen antithrombotic protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Crescente
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas S Kirkby
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew L Edin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Melissa V Chan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fred B Lih
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tania Maffucci
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Harriet E Allan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Charles A Mein
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graeme S Cottrell
- Reading School of Pharmacy and ICMR, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Jane A Mitchell
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Harvey R Herschman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Timothy D Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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9
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Zhu L, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Wang M. Cardiovascular Biology of Prostanoids and Drug Discovery. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1454-1463. [PMID: 32295420 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostanoids are a group of bioactive lipids that are synthesized de novo from membrane phospholipid-released arachidonic acid and have diverse functions in normal physiology and disease. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), which are among the most commonly used medications, ameliorate pain, fever, and inflammation by inhibiting COX (cyclooxygenase), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic cascade of prostanoids. The use of NSAIDs selective for COX-2 inhibition increases the risk of a thrombotic event (eg, myocardial infarction and stroke). All NSAIDs are associated with an increased risk of heart failure. Substantial variation in clinical responses to aspirin exists and is associated with cardiovascular risk. Limited clinical studies suggest the involvement of prostanoids in vascular restenosis in patients who received angioplasty intervention. mPGES (microsomal PG [prostaglandin] E synthase)-1, an alternative target downstream of COX, has the potential to be therapeutically targeted for inflammatory disease, with diminished thrombotic risk relative to selective COX-2 inhibitors. mPGES-1-derived PGE2 critically regulates microcirculation via its receptor EP (receptor for prostanoid E) 4. This review summarizes the actions and associated mechanisms for modulating the biosynthesis of prostanoids in thrombosis, vascular remodeling, and ischemic heart disease as well as their therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (L.Z., Y.Z., Z.G., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Yuze Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (L.Z., Y.Z., Z.G., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Ziyi Guo
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (L.Z., Y.Z., Z.G., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Miao Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease (L.Z., Y.Z., Z.G., M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing.,Clinical Pharmacology Center (M.W.), Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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10
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"OMICs" reveal the molecular basis of a rare blood group. Blood 2020; 135:396-397. [PMID: 32027748 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Dewi IMW, Aleva FE, Kullaya VI, Garishah FM, de Mast Q, van der Ven AJAM, van de Veerdonk FL. Platelets Modulate IFN-γ Production against Candida albicans in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells via Prostaglandins. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:122-127. [PMID: 31767782 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are known to have immunomodulatory properties. They modulate immune responses of leukocytes against various pathogens, including fungi. Candida albicans can cause systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals that is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. In the current study, we explored the role of platelets in antifungal host defense against C. albicans PBMCs were stimulated with heat-killed (HK) C. albicans in the presence or absence of isolated washed platelets. Cytokines were quantified from culture supernatants by ELISA. Inhibition of platelet receptors and cytokine pathways were used to elucidate the mechanisms involved in platelet-leukocyte interaction. In the presence of platelets, PBMCs produced less IFN-γ upon stimulation with HK C. albicans This effect was dependent on the direct contact between platelets and leukocytes but was independent of the platelet GPIb and P-selectin receptors. The attenuation of IFN-γ was not a direct effect on T cells but was dependent on the presence of APC and T cells. Platelets did not modulate the Th-1-polarizing cytokines IL-12 and IL-18. The addition of PG (PGE2) further diminished IFN-γ levels in PBMCs, and supplementation of cells with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was able to restore the level of IFN-γ. Overall, we show that modulation of the Th1 response against C. albicans by platelets is dependent on PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intan M W Dewi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; .,Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, 40161 Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Floor E Aleva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Vesla I Kullaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Fadel M Garishah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - André J A M van der Ven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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12
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Paes AMDA, Gaspar RS, Fuentes E, Wehinger S, Palomo I, Trostchansky A. Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Platelet Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:97-115. [PMID: 31140174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern society has changed its diet composition, transitioning to a higher intake of saturated fat with a 50% increase of cardiovascular risk (CVD). Within the context of increased CVD, there is an induction of a prothrombotic phenotype mainly due to increased platelet reactivity as well as decreased platelet response to inhibitors. Platelets maintain haemostasis through both blood components and endothelial cells that secrete inhibitory or stimulatory molecules to regulate thrombus formation. There exist a correlation between platelets' polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the increase in platelet reactivity. The aim of this chapter is to review the metabolism of the main PUFAs involved in platelet function associated with the role that their enzyme-derived oxidized metabolites exert in platelet function and fate. Finally, how lipid metabolism in the organism affect platelet aggregation and activation and the pharmacological modulation of these processes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Renato Simões Gaspar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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13
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Rukoyatkina N, Shpakova V, Panteleev M, Kharazova A, Gambaryan S, Geiger J. Multifaceted effects of arachidonic acid and interaction with cyclic nucleotides in human platelets. Thromb Res 2018; 171:22-30. [PMID: 30240944 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2018.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arachidonic acid induced aggregation is a generally accepted test for aspirin resistance. However, doubts have been raised that arachidonic acid stimulated aggregation can be regarded as reliable testing for aspirin resistance. Arachidonic acid, in addition to platelet activation, can induce phosphatidylserine translocation on the outer surface of platelet membrane which could be mediated by apoptosis pathways or transformation of platelets to the procoagulant state. MATERIALS AND METHODS We explored effects of arachidonic acid over a vast range of concentrations and a wide range of read-outs for human platelet activation, procoagulant activity, and platelet viability. Additionally we tested whether cAMP- or cGMP-dependent protein kinase activation can inhibit procoagulant activity or platelet viability. RESULTS Arachidonic acid-induced washed platelet activation was detected at low micromolar concentrations during the first 2 min of stimulation. After longer incubation and/or at higher concentrations arachidonic acid triggered platelet procoagulant activity and reduced platelet viability. At the same time, arachidonic acid stimulated adenylate cyclase mediated protein phosphorylation which correlated with reduced platelet activation. Moreover, additional stimulation of cAMP- or cGMP-dependent protein kinase inhibited only platelet activation, but did not prevent pro-coagulant activity and platelet death. CONCLUSIONS While arachidonic acid induces platelet activation at low concentrations and during short incubation time, higher concentrations and lasting incubation evokes adenylate cyclase activation and subsequent protein phosphorylation corresponding to reduced platelet activation, but also enhanced pro-coagulant activity and reduced viability. Our observations provide further proof for the complex fine tuning of platelet responses in a time and agonist concentration dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rukoyatkina
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentina Shpakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physico-Chemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Kharazova
- Department of Cytology and Histology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Russia; Department of Cytology and Histology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Joerg Geiger
- Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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14
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Crescente M, Menke L, Chan MV, Armstrong PC, Warner TD. Eicosanoids in platelets and the effect of their modulation by aspirin in the cardiovascular system (and beyond). Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:988-999. [PMID: 29512148 PMCID: PMC6451075 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are important players in thrombosis and haemostasis with their function being modulated by mediators in the blood and the vascular wall. Among these, eicosanoids can both stimulate and inhibit platelet reactivity. Platelet Cyclooxygenase (COX)-1-generated Thromboxane (TX)A2 is the primary prostanoid that stimulates platelet aggregation; its action is counter-balanced by prostacyclin, a product of vascular COX. Prostaglandin (PG)D2 , PGE2 and 12-hydroxyeicosatraenoic acid (HETE), or 15-HETE, are other prostanoid modulators of platelet activity, but some also play a role in carcinogenesis. Aspirin permanently inhibits platelet COX-1, underlying its anti-thrombotic and anti-cancer action. While the use of aspirin as an anti-cancer drug is increasingly encouraged, its continued use in addition to P2 Y12 receptor antagonists for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases is currently debated. Aspirin not only suppresses TXA2 but also prevents the synthesis of both known and unknown antiplatelet eicosanoid pathways, potentially lessening the efficacy of dual antiplatelet therapies. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Eicosanoids 35 years from the 1982 Nobel: where are we now? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.8/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Crescente
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Laura Menke
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Melissa V Chan
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul C Armstrong
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Timothy D Warner
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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15
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Rodríguez-Jiménez JC, Moreno-Paz FJ, Terán LM, Guaní-Guerra E. Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease: Current topics and trends. Respir Med 2018; 135:62-75. [PMID: 29414455 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is a chronic and treatment-resistant disease, characterized by the presence of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis, bronchial asthma, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs hypersensitivity. Alterations in arachidonic acid metabolism may induce an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory substances, expressed as an overproduction of cysteinyl leukotrienes and an underproduction of prostaglandin E2. Although eosinophils play a key role, recent studies have shown the importance of other cells and molecules in the development of the disease like mast cells, basophils, lymphocytes, platelets, neutrophils, macrophages, epithelial respiratory cells, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, making each of them promissory diagnostic and treatment targets. In this review, we summarize the most important clinical aspects of the disease, including the current topics about diagnosis and treatment, like provocation challenges and aspirin desensitization. We also discuss recent findings in the pathogenesis of the disease, as well as future trends in diagnosis and treatment, including monoclonal antibodies and a low salicylate diet as a treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis Manuel Terán
- Department of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Guaní-Guerra
- Department of Medicine, University of Guanajuato, León, Guanajuato, Mexico; Department of Immunology, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Deletion of mPGES-1 affects platelet functions in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:2295-2303. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) constitutes an essential player in inflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Platelets participate in the regulation of inflammatory processes by the release of proinflammatory mediators and platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs). However, the role of the inducible mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway in platelet functions has not been investigated. In the present study we report a significant impact of mPGES-1 on platelet functions during inflammation. Wild-type (WT) and mPGES-1−/− knockout (KO) mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Platelet counts and activation were assessed by flow cytometry analysing CD62P–CD154 expression, PMP numbers, platelet–leukocyte aggregates and platelet aggregation. The accumulation of platelets and fibrinogen in the liver was analysed by immunofluorescent staining. In native platelets from WT and mPGES-1 KO mice, there were no differences among the investigated functions. After LPS treatment, the number of platelets was significantly decreased in WT, but not in KO mice. Platelet activation, platelet–leukocyte aggregates and PMP numbers were all significantly lower in KO mice compared with WT mice after LPS treatment. In addition, KO mice displayed a significant reduction in platelet aggregation ex vivo. In the liver of LPS-stimulated WT and KO mice, there were no differences in platelet accumulation, although the percentage of total vessel area in the KO liver was significantly lower compared with the WT one. Our results demonstrate that systemic inhibition of mPGES-1 prevents platelet activation, which should have important implications with regard to the cardiovascular safety of mPGES-1 inhibitors.
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Theiler A, Konya V, Pasterk L, Maric J, Bärnthaler T, Lanz I, Platzer W, Schuligoi R, Heinemann A. The EP1/EP3 receptor agonist 17-pt-PGE 2 acts as an EP4 receptor agonist on endothelial barrier function and in a model of LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:180-189. [PMID: 27664754 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of inflammatory conditions. We recently demonstrated that prostaglandin (PG)E2 enhances the resistance of pulmonary endothelium in vitro and counteracts lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo via EP4 receptors. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the EP1/EP3 receptor agonist 17-phenyl-trinor-(pt)-PGE2 on acute lung inflammation in a mouse model. In LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice, 17-pt-PGE2 reduced neutrophil infiltration and inhibited vascular leakage. These effects were unaltered by an EP1 antagonist, but reversed by EP4 receptor antagonists. 17-pt-PGE2 increased the resistance of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and prevented thrombin-induced disruption of endothelial junctions. Again, these effects were not mediated via EP1 or EP3 but through activation of the EP4 receptor, as demonstrated by the lack of effect of more selective EP1 and EP3 receptor agonists, prevention of these effects by EP4 antagonists and EP4 receptor knock-down by siRNA. In contrast, the aggregation enhancing effect of 17-pt-PGE2 in human platelets was mediated via EP3 receptors. Our results demonstrate that 17-pt-PGE2 enhances the endothelial barrier in vitro on pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, and accordingly ameliorates the recruitment of neutrophils, via EP4 receptors in vivo. This suggests a beneficial effect of 17-pt-PGE2 on pulmonary inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Theiler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Viktoria Konya
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Lisa Pasterk
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Jovana Maric
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ilse Lanz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Platzer
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Mawhin MA, Tilly P, Fabre JE. The receptor EP3 to PGE2: A rational target to prevent atherothrombosis without inducing bleeding. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:4-16. [PMID: 26463849 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The prostanoid E2 (PGE2) is known to modulate the aggregative response of platelets to their conventional agonists such as ADP, TXA2, thrombin or collagen. Through the activation of its receptor EP3, PGE2 sensitizes platelets to their agonists but also inhibits them through its two other receptors, EP2 and EP4. In mice, the net result of these opposed actions is the EP3-mediated potentiation of platelet aggregation and the in vivo aggravation of murine atherothrombosis. Since the pathway PGE2/EP3 is not involved in murine hemostasis, we propose a "platelet EP3 paradigm" to describe this apparently paradoxical association between the facilitating impact on atherothrombosis and the unaltered hemostasis. Consistent with this paradigm, a drug blocking EP3 dramatically decreased atherothrombosis without inducing bleeding in mice. In humans, several studies did not agree on the effect of PGE2 on platelets. Reinterpreting these data with the notion of "potentiation window" and taking the platelet initial cAMP level into account reconciled these inconsistent results. Thereby, the in vitro potentiating effect of PGE2 on human platelets becomes clear. In addition, the EP3 blocking drug DG-041 abrogated the potentiating effect of PGE2 in whole human blood but did not prolong bleeding times in volunteers. Thus, the murine "platelet EP3 paradigm" would apply to humans if the aggravating role of PGE2 on atherothrombosis is shown in patients. Therefore, testing an EP3 blocker in a phase III trial would be of high interest to fulfill the unmet medical need which is to control atherothrombosis without impacting hemostasis and thus to improve the prevention of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anne Mawhin
- LVTS, Institut National de la santé et de la recherche Médicale U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, 18ième, France
| | - Peggy Tilly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Etienne Fabre
- LVTS, Institut National de la santé et de la recherche Médicale U1148, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, 18ième, France.
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Barbieri SS, Petrucci G, Tarantino E, Amadio P, Rocca B, Pesce M, Machlus KR, Ranelletti FO, Gianellini S, Weksler B, Italiano JE, Tremoli E. Abnormal megakaryopoiesis and platelet function in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:1218-29. [PMID: 26272103 DOI: 10.1160/th14-10-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might influence megakaryocyte (MK) maturation and platelet production in vitro. Using a gene deletion model, we analysed the effect of COX-2 deficiency on megakaryopoiesis and platelet function. COX-2-/- mice (10-12 weeks old) have hyper-responsive platelets as suggested by their enhanced aggregation, TXA2 biosynthesis, CD62P and CD41/CD61 expression, platelet-fibrinogen binding, and increased thromboembolic death after collagen/epinephrine injection compared to wild-type (WT). Moreover, increased platelet COX-1 expression and reticulated platelet fraction were observed in COX-2-/- mice while platelet count was similar to WT. MKs were significantly reduced in COX-2-/- bone marrows (BMs), with high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, low ploidy and poor expression of lineage markers of maturation (CD42d, CD49b). However, MKs were significantly increased in COX-2-/- spleens, with features of MK maturation markers which were not observed in MKs of WT spleens. Interestingly, the expression of COX-1, prostacyclin and PGE2 synthases and prostanoid pattern were modified in BMs and spleens of COX-2-/- mice. Moreover, COX-2 ablation reduced the percentage of CD49b+ cells, the platelet formation and the haematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow and increased their accumulation in the spleen. Splenectomy decreased peripheral platelet number, reverted their hyper-responsive phenotype and protected COX-2-/- mice from thromboembolism. Interestingly, fibrosis was observed in spleens of old COX-2-/- mice (28 weeks old). In conclusion, COX-2 deletion delays BM megakaryopoiesis promoting a compensatory splenic MK hyperplasia, with a release of hyper-responsive platelets and increased thrombogenicity in vivo. COX-2 seems to contribute to physiological MK maturation and pro-platelet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S Barbieri
- Silvia S. Barbieri, PhD, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138 Milano, Italy, Tel.: +39 02 50318357, Fax: +39 02 50318250, E-mail:
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Amadio P, Baldassarre D, Tarantino E, Zacchi E, Gianellini S, Squellerio I, Amato M, Weksler BB, Tremoli E, Barbieri SS. Production of prostaglandin E2 induced by cigarette smoke modulates tissue factor expression and activity in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2015; 29:4001-10. [PMID: 26065856 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-268383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) increases the incidence of atherothrombosis, the release of prostaglandin (PG) E2, and the amount of tissue factor (TF). The link between PGE2 and TF, and the impact of this interaction on CS-induced thrombosis, is unknown. Plasma from active smokers showed higher concentration of PGE2, TF total antigen, and microparticle-associated TF (MP-TF) activity compared with never smokers. Similar results were obtained in mice and in mouse cardiac endothelial cells (MCECs) after treatment with aqueous CS extracts (CSEs) plus IL-1β [CSE (6.4 puffs/L)/IL-1β (2 μg/L)]. A significant correlation between PGE2 and TF total antigen or MP-TF activity were observed in both human and mouse plasma or tissue. Inhibition of PGE synthase reduced TF in vivo and in vitro and prevented the arterial thrombosis induced by CSE/IL-1β. Only PG E receptor 1 (EP1) receptor antagonists (SC51089:IC50 ∼ 1 μM, AH6809:IC50 ∼ 7.5 μM) restored the normal TF and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels in MCECs before PGE2 (EC50 ∼ 2.5 mM) or CSE/IL-1β exposure. Similarly, SIRT1 activators (CAY10591: IC50 ∼ 10 μM, resveratrol: IC50 ∼ 5 μM) or prostacyclin analogs (IC50 ∼ 5 μM) prevented SIRT1 inhibition and reduced TF induced by CSE/IL-1β or by PGE2. In conclusion, PGE2 increases both TF expression and activity through the regulation of the EP1/SIRT1 pathway. These findings suggest that EP1 may represent a possible target to prevent prothrombotic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Damiano Baldassarre
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eva Tarantino
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Zacchi
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sara Gianellini
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isabella Squellerio
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mauro Amato
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Babette B Weksler
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena Tremoli
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Silvia S Barbieri
- *Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy; and Division of Hematology-Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
Trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) includes heterogeneous coagulopathic syndromes with different underlying causes, and treatment is challenged by limited diagnostic tests to discriminate between these entities in the acute setting. We provide an overview of progress in understanding the mechanisms of TIC and the context for several of the hypotheses that will be tested in 'TACTIC'. Although connected to ongoing clinical trials in trauma, TACTIC itself has no intent to conduct clinical trials. We do anticipate that 'early translation' of promising results will occur. Functions anticipated at this early translational level include: (i) basic science groundwork for future therapeutic candidates; (ii) development of acute coagulopathy scoring systems; (iii) coagulation factor composition-based computational analysis; (iv) characterization of novel analytes including tissue factor, polyphosphates, histones, meizothrombin and α-thrombin-antithrombin complexes, factor XIa, platelet and endothelial markers of activation, signatures of protein C activation and fibrinolysis markers; and (v) assessment of viscoelastic tests and new point-of-care methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Mann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - K Freeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Clapp LH, Gurung R. The mechanistic basis of prostacyclin and its stable analogues in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Role of membrane versus nuclear receptors. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:56-71. [PMID: 25917921 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of distal pulmonary arteries in which patients suffer from elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, extensive vascular remodelling and right ventricular failure. To date prostacyclin (PGI2) therapy remains the most efficacious treatment for PAH and is the only approved monotherapy to have a positive impact on long-term survival. A key thing to note is that improvement exceeds that predicted from vasodilator testing strongly suggesting that additional mechanisms contribute to the therapeutic benefit of prostacyclins in PAH. Given these agents have potent antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory and endothelial regenerating properties suggests therapeutic benefit might result from a slowing, stabilization or even some reversal of vascular remodelling in vivo. This review discusses evidence that the pharmacology of each prostacyclin (IP) receptor agonist so far developed is distinct, with non-IP receptor targets clearly contributing to the therapeutic and side effect profile of PGI2 (EP3), iloprost (EP1), treprostinil (EP2, DP1) along with a family of nuclear receptors known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), to which PGI2 and some analogues directly bind. These targets are functionally expressed to varying degrees in arteries, veins, platelets, fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and are likely to be involved in the biological actions of prostacylins. Recently, a highly selective IP agonist, selexipag has been developed for PAH. This agent should prove useful in distinguishing IP from other prostanoid receptors or PPAR binding effects in human tissue. It remains to be determined whether selectivity for the IP receptor gives rise to a superior or inferior clinical benefit in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie H Clapp
- Department of Medicine, UCL, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Rijan Gurung
- Department of Medicine, UCL, Rayne Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Hubertus K, Mischnik M, Timmer J, Herterich S, Mark R, Moulard M, Walter U, Geiger J. Reciprocal regulation of human platelet function by endogenous prostanoids and through multiple prostanoid receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 740:15-27. [PMID: 25003953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are permanently exposed to a variety of prostanoids formed by blood cells or the vessel wall. The two major prostanoids, prostacyclin and thromboxane act through well established pathways mediated by their respective G-protein coupled receptors inhibiting or promoting platelet aggregation accordingly. Yet the role of other prostanoids and prostanoid receptors for platelet function regulation has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed at a comprehensive analysis of prostanoid effects on platelets, the receptors and pathways involved and functional consequences. We analyzed cAMP formation and phosphorylation of proteins pivotal to platelet function as well as functional platelet responses such as secretion, aggregation and phosphorylation. The types of prostanoid receptors contributing and their individual share in signaling pathways were analyzed and indicated a major role for prostanoid IP1 and DP1 receptors followed by prostanoid EP4 and EP3 receptors while prostanoid EP2 receptors appear less relevant. We could show for the first time the reciprocal action of the endogenous prostaglandin PGE2 on platelets by functional responses and phosphorylation events. PGE2 evokes stimulatory as well as inhibitory effects in a concentration dependent manner in platelets via prostanoid EP3 or EP4 and prostanoid DP1 receptors. A mathematical model integrating the pathway components was established which successfully reproduces the observed platelet responses. Additionally we could show that human platelets themselves produce sufficient PGE2 to act in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. These mechanisms may provide a fine tuning of platelet responses in the circulating blood by either promoting or limiting endogenous platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hubertus
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mischnik
- Institut für Physik, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institut für Physik, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Herterich
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Mark
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Walter
- Center for Thrombosis & Haemostasis, Universitätsklinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joerg Geiger
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Bank of Biomaterials and Data Wuerzburg, Straubmuehlweg 2a, 97078 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Dakin SG, Dudhia J, Smith RKW. Resolving an inflammatory concept: the importance of inflammation and resolution in tendinopathy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 158:121-7. [PMID: 24556326 PMCID: PMC3991845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Injuries to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in equine athletes, but the healing response is poorly understood. One important drive for the healing of connective tissues is the inflammatory cascade, but the role of inflammation in tendinopathy has been contentious in the literature. This article reviews the processes involved in the healing of tendon injuries in natural disease and experimental models. The importance of inflammatory processes known to be active in tendon disease is discussed with particular focus on recent findings related specifically to the horse. Whilst inflammation is necessary for debridement after injury, persistent inflammation is thought to drive fibrosis, a perceived adverse consequence of tendon healing. Therefore the ability to resolve inflammation by the resident cell populations in tendons at an appropriate time would be crucial for successful outcome. This review summarises new evidence for the importance of resolution of inflammation after tendon injury. Given that many anti-inflammatory drugs suppress both inflammatory and resolving components of the inflammatory response, prolonged use of these drugs may be contraindicated as a therapeutic approach. We propose that these findings have profound implications not only for current treatment strategies but also for the possibility of developing novel therapeutic approaches involving modulation of the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie G Dakin
- Royal Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Royal Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Roger K W Smith
- Royal Veterinary College, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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De Caterina R. Inhibiting thrombosis without causing bleeding: can EP3 blockers fulfil the dream? Cardiovasc Res 2014; 101:335-8. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Tilly P, Charles AL, Ludwig S, Slimani F, Gross S, Meilhac O, Geny B, Stefansson K, Gurney ME, Fabre JE. Blocking the EP3 receptor for PGE2 with DG-041 decreases thrombosis without impairing haemostatic competence. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:482-91. [PMID: 24323317 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Haemostasis interrupts bleeding from disrupted blood vessels by activating platelet aggregation and coagulation. A similar mechanism termed thrombosis generates obstructive thrombi inside diseased arteries. As a consequence of this similarity, current anti-thrombotic agents increase the risk of bleeding. Atherosclerotic plaques produce significant amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which activates its receptor EP3 on platelets and aggravates atherothrombosis. We investigated whether blocking EP3 could dissociate atherothrombosis from haemostasis. METHODS AND RESULTS Inhibiting in vivo the receptor EP3 for PGE2 with the blocking agent DG-041 reduced murine thrombosis triggered by local delivery of arachidonic acid or ferric chloride on healthy arteries. Importantly, it also reduced thrombosis triggered by scratching murine atherosclerotic plaques. PGE2 was not produced at the bleeding site after tail clipping. Consistently, blocking EP3 did not alter murine tail, liver, or cerebral haemostasis. Furthermore, blocking EP3 reduced murine pulmonary embolism and intensified platelet inhibition by clopidogrel leaving tail bleeding times unchanged. Human atherosclerotic plaques produced PGE2, which facilitated platelet aggregation in human blood and rescued the function of P2Y12-blocked platelets. Finally, in healthy patients, DG-041 reduced platelet aggregation, but did not significantly alter the cutaneous bleeding time at doses up to eight times the dose that inhibited the facilitating effect of PGE2 on platelets. CONCLUSION In mice, blocking EP3 inhibited atherothrombosis without affecting haemostasis and intensified efficiency of conventional anti-platelet treatment without aggravating the bleeding risk. In patients, blocking EP3 should improve the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, which is currently limited by the risk of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Tilly
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U596, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7104, Université Louis Pasteur, 67400 Illkirch, France
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Spracklen AJ, Kelpsch DJ, Chen X, Spracklen CN, Tootle TL. Prostaglandins temporally regulate cytoplasmic actin bundle formation during Drosophila oogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 25:397-411. [PMID: 24284900 PMCID: PMC3907279 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-07-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of actin remodeling is essential for development, and misregulation results in disease. Cytoskeletal dynamics are regulated by prostaglandins (PGs)—lipid signals. PGs temporally regulate actin remodeling during Drosophila oogenesis, at least in part, by modulating the activity of the actin elongation factor Enabled. Prostaglandins (PGs)—lipid signals produced downstream of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes—regulate actin dynamics in cell culture and platelets, but their roles during development are largely unknown. Here we define a new role for Pxt, the Drosophila COX-like enzyme, in regulating the actin cytoskeleton—temporal restriction of actin remodeling during oogenesis. PGs are required for actin filament bundle formation during stage 10B (S10B). In addition, loss of Pxt results in extensive early actin remodeling, including actin filaments and aggregates, within the posterior nurse cells of S9 follicles; wild-type follicles exhibit similar structures at a low frequency. Hu li tai shao (Hts-RC) and Villin (Quail), an actin bundler, localize to all early actin structures, whereas Enabled (Ena), an actin elongation factor, preferentially localizes to those in pxt mutants. Reduced Ena levels strongly suppress early actin remodeling in pxt mutants. Furthermore, loss of Pxt results in reduced Ena localization to the sites of bundle formation during S10B. Together these data lead to a model in which PGs temporally regulate actin remodeling during Drosophila oogenesis by controlling Ena localization/activity, such that in S9, PG signaling inhibits, whereas at S10B, it promotes Ena-dependent actin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Spracklen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Ozen G, Topal G, Gomez I, Ghorreshi A, Boukais K, Benyahia C, Kanyinda L, Longrois D, Teskin O, Uydes-Dogan BS, Norel X. Control of human vascular tone by prostanoids derived from perivascular adipose tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2013; 107:13-7. [PMID: 23791663 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounds most vessels and has now been recognized as a regulator of vascular functions. This effect of PVAT has been mostly demonstrated in vessels obtained from rats and mice. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate anti-contractile effect of PVAT surrounding human coronary bypass grafts such as saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA). Moreover, we aimed to determine the involvement of prostanoids in the anticontractile effect of PVAT. Human SV and IMA preparations were set up in an organ bath. The presence of PVAT in SV and IMA preparations significantly attenuated the contractile response to noradrenaline (NA). Preincubation with indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, increased NA contraction in SV preparations with PVAT. This effect was not observed in IMA preparation with PVAT incubated with indomethacin. The lower measurements of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) released from PVAT surrounding IMA versus SV supported these effects. In conclusion, our results show that PVAT of SV could attenuate NA-induced contraction by releasing both PGE2 and prostacyclin (PGI2). In contrast to SV, PVAT of IMA exerts its anti-contractile effect independently from prostanoids. These observations suggest that retaining PVAT in human SV and IMA preparations may have potential clinical implications to improve coronary bypass graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsev Ozen
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Foudi N, Gomez I, Benyahia C, Longrois D, Norel X. Prostaglandin E2 receptor subtypes in human blood and vascular cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 695:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Gleim S, Stitham J, Tang WH, Martin KA, Hwa J. An eicosanoid-centric view of atherothrombotic risk factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3361-80. [PMID: 22491820 PMCID: PMC3691514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Atherosclerosis followed by thrombosis (atherothrombosis) is the pathological process underlying most myocardial, cerebral, and peripheral vascular events. Atherothrombosis is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory process that involves interactions between many cell types (including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets) and processes (including migration, proliferation, and activation). Despite a wealth of knowledge from many recent studies using knockout mouse and human genetic studies (GWAS and candidate approach) identifying genes and proteins directly involved in these processes, traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, sex, and age) remain the most useful predictor of disease. Eicosanoids (20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives of arachidonic acid and other essential fatty acids) are emerging as important regulators of cardiovascular disease processes. Drugs indirectly modulating these signals, including COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors, have proven to play major roles in the atherothrombotic process. However, the complexity of their roles and regulation by opposing eicosanoid signaling, have contributed to the lack of therapies directed at the eicosanoid receptors themselves. This is likely to change, as our understanding of the structure, signaling, and function of the eicosanoid receptors improves. Indeed, a major advance is emerging from the characterization of dysfunctional naturally occurring mutations of the eicosanoid receptors. In light of the proven and continuing importance of risk factors, we have elected to focus on the relationship between eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gleim
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jeremiah Stitham
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
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Glenn JR, White AE, Iyu D, Heptinstall S. PGE(2) reverses G(s)-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation by interaction with EP3 receptors, but adds to non-G(s)-mediated inhibition of platelet aggregation by interaction with EP4 receptors. Platelets 2012; 23:344-51. [PMID: 22436052 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2011.625575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has intriguing effects on platelet function in the presence of agents that raise cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP). PGE(2) reverses inhibition of platelet aggregation by agents that stimulate cAMP production via a G(s)-linked receptor, but adds to the inhibition of platelet function brought about by agents that raise cAMP through other mechanisms. Here, we used the EP receptor antagonists DG-041 (which acts at the EP3 receptor) and ONO-AE3-208 (which acts at the EP4 receptor) to investigate the role of these receptors in mediating these effects of PGE(2). Platelet aggregation was measured in platelet-rich plasma obtained from healthy volunteers in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) using single platelet counting. The effects of a range of concentrations of PGE(2) were determined in the presence of (1) the prostacyclin mimetic iloprost, which operates through G(s)-linked IP receptors, (2) the cAMP PDE inhibitor DN9693 and (3) the direct-acting adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin. Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation was also determined as a measure of cAMP. PGE(2) reversed the inhibition of aggregation brought about by iloprost; this was prevented in the presence of the EP3 antagonist DG-041, indicating that this effect of PGE(2) is mediated via the EP3 receptor. In contrast, PGE(2) added to the inhibition of aggregation brought about by DN9693 or forskolin; this was reversed by the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208, indicating that this effect of PGE(2) is mediated via the EP4 receptor. Effects on aggregation were accompanied by corresponding changes in VASP phosphorylation. The dominant role of EP3 receptors circumstances where cAMP is increased through a Gs-linked mechanism may be relevant to the situation in vivo where platelets are maintained in an inactive state through constant exposure to prostacyclin, and thus the main effect of PGE(2) may be prothrombotic. If so, the results described here further support the potential use of an EP3 receptor antagonist in the control of atherothrombosis.
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Vieira-de-Abreu A, Campbell RA, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Platelets: versatile effector cells in hemostasis, inflammation, and the immune continuum. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:5-30. [PMID: 21818701 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0286-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are chief effector cells in hemostasis. In addition, however, their specializations include activities and intercellular interactions that make them key effectors in inflammation and in the continuum of innate and adaptive immunity. This review focuses on the immune features of human platelets and platelets from experimental animals and on interactions between inflammatory, immune, and hemostatic activities of these anucleate but complex and versatile cells. The experimental findings and evidence for physiologic immune functions include previously unrecognized biologic characteristics of platelets and are paralleled by new evidence for unique roles of platelets in inflammatory, immune, and thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vieira-de-Abreu
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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