1
|
Duan Y, Bai X, Yang J, Zhou Y, Gu W, Liu G, Wang Q, Zhu J, La L, Li X. Exposure to High-Altitude Environment is Associated with Drug Transporters Change: miR-873-5p-Mediated Alteration of Function and Expression Levels of Drug Transporters under Hypoxia. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:174-186. [PMID: 34844996 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the main characteristic of a high-altitude environment, affect ing drug metabolism. However, so far, the mechanism of miRNA involved in the regulation of drug metabolism and transporters under high-altitude hypoxia is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the function s and expression levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 ( MDR1 ), m ultidrug resistance-associated protein 2 ( MRP2 ), breast cancer resistance protein ( BCRP ) , peptide transport 1 (PEPT1), and organic anion-transporting polypeptides 2B1 (OATP2B1) in rats and Caco-2 cells after exposure to high - altitude hypoxia. The protein and mRNA expression of MDR1 , MRP2, BCRP, PEPT1, and OATP2B1 were determined by Western blot and qPCR. The function s of MDR1 , MRP2, BCRP, PEPT1, and OATP2B1 were evaluated by determining the effective intestinal permeability and a bsorption rate constants of their specific substrates in rats under high-altitude hypoxia , and uptake and transport studies were performed on Caco-2 cells . To screen the miRNA associated with hypoxia, Caco-2 cells were examined by high throughput sequencing . We observed that the miR-873-5p was significantly decreased under hypoxia and might target MDR1 and pregnane X receptor ( PXR). To clarify whether miR-873-5p regulates MDR1 and pregnane X receptor (PXR) under hypoxia, Caco-2 cells were transfected with mimics or inhibitors of miR-873-5p and negative control (NC). The function and expression of drug transporters were found to be significantly increased in rats and Caco-2 cells under hypoxia. We found that miR-873-5p regulated MDR1 and PXR expression. Herein, it is shown that miRNA may affect the expression of drug transporter and nuclear receptor under hypoxia. Significance Statement This study explores if alterations to the microRNAs, induced by high-altitude hypoxia, can be translated to altered drug transporters. Among miRNAs, which show a significant change in a hypoxic environment, miR-873-5p can act on the MDR1 gene; however, there are multiple miRNAs that can act on the PXR. We speculate that the miRNA-PXR-Drug transporter axis is important in the physiological disposition of drugs. The results of this study are anticipated to be helpful for rational pharmaceutical use in high - altitude environments .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Duan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy,, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saib S, Delavenne X. Inflammation Induces Changes in the Functional Expression of P-gp, BCRP, and MRP2: An Overview of Different Models and Consequences for Drug Disposition. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101544. [PMID: 34683838 PMCID: PMC8539483 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a key role in drug pharmacokinetics. These membrane transporters expressed within physiological barriers can be a source of pharmacokinetic variability. Changes in ABC transporter expression and functionality may consequently affect the disposition of substrate drugs, resulting in different drug exposure. Inflammation, present in several acute and chronic diseases, has been identified as a source of modulation in drug transporter expression leading to variability in drug response. Its regulation may be particularly dangerous for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. In this context, numerous in vitro and in vivo models have shown up- or downregulation in the expression and functionality of ABC transporters under inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, the existence of contradictory data and the lack of standardization for the models used have led to a less conclusive interpretation of these data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Saib
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et de l’Hémostase, 42270 Saint-Priest-En-Jarez, France;
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean Monnet, 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-477-42-1443
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- INSERM U1059, Dysfonction Vasculaire et de l’Hémostase, 42270 Saint-Priest-En-Jarez, France;
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologie Gaz du Sang, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Theile D, Wizgall P. Acquired ABC-transporter overexpression in cancer cells: transcriptional induction or Darwinian selection? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1621-1632. [PMID: 34236499 PMCID: PMC8298356 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acquired multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor diseases has repeatedly been associated with overexpression of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC-transporters) such as P-glycoprotein. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest that these efflux transporters can cause MDR, albeit its actual relevance for clinical chemotherapy unresponsiveness remains uncertain. The overexpression can experimentally be achieved by exposure of tumor cells to cytotoxic drugs. For simplification, the drug-mediated transporter overexpression can be attributed to two opposite mechanisms: First, increased transcription of ABC-transporter genes mediated by nuclear receptors sensing the respective compound. Second, Darwinian selection of sub-clones intrinsically overexpressing drug transporters being capable of extruding the respective drug. To date, there is no definite data indicating which mechanism truly applies or whether there are circumstances promoting either mode of action. This review summarizes experimental evidence for both theories, suggests an algorithm discriminating between these two modes, and finally points out future experimental approaches of research to answer this basic question in cancer pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Pauline Wizgall
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun X, Tang S, Hou B, Duan Z, Liu Z, Li Y, He S, Wang Q, Chang Q. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein, MRP2, and CYP3A4 impairs intestinal absorption of octreotide in rats with portal hypertension. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:2. [PMID: 33407159 PMCID: PMC7789354 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Portal hypertension (PH) is the main cause of complications and death in liver cirrhosis. The effect of oral administration of octreotide (OCT), a drug that reduces PH by the constriction of mesenteric arteries, is limited by a remarkable intestinal first-pass elimination.
Methods The bile duct ligation (BDL) was used in rats to induce liver cirrhosis with PH to examine the kinetics and molecular factors such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) influencing the intestinal OCT absorption via in situ and in vitro experiments on jejunal segments, transportation experiments on Caco-2 cells and experiments using intestinal microsomes and recombinant human CYP3A4. Moreover, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed. Results Both in situ and in vitro experiments in jejunal segments showed that intestinal OCT absorption in both control and PH rats was largely controlled by P-gp and, to a lesser extent, by MRP2. OCT transport mediated by P-gp and MRP2 was demonstrated on Caco-2 cells. The results of RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry suggested that impaired OCT absorption in PH was in part due to the jejunal upregulation of these two transporters. The use of intestinal microsomes and recombinant human CYP3A4 revealed that CYP3A4 metabolized OCT, and its upregulation in PH likely contributed to impaired drug absorption. Conclusions Inhibition of P-gp, MRP2, and CYP3A4 might represent a valid option for decreasing intestinal first-pass effects on orally administered OCT, thereby increasing its bioavailability to alleviate PH in patients with cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Shunxiong Tang
- Department of Invasive Technology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Binbin Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhijun Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Cancer Institute and Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Shoucheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Qiuming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 0086-116011, China
| | - Qingyong Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun XY, Duan ZJ, Liu Z, Tang SX, Li Y, He SC, Wang QM, Chang QY. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and cytochrome P450 3A4 improves the oral absorption of octreotide in rats with portal hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2017; 12:3716-3722. [PMID: 28105103 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to increase the intestinal transport of octreotide (OCT) by targeting the first-pass impact to identify a potential method for decreasing portal vein pressure (PVP) using oral OCT. Thus, the bioavailability of intestinally absorbed OCT was evaluated in normal rats and rats with portal hypertension (PH) that had been administered P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2/cytochrome P450 3A4 (P-gp/MRP2/CYP3A4) inhibitors. The mRNA and protein expression levels of P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 were evaluated in normal and PH rats with or without OCT and the inhibitors using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. The potential effects of the inhibitor administration on PVP were also examined. The results suggest that P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 play important roles in prohibiting the enteral absorption of OCT, particularly under a PH environment. Moreover, inhibitors of P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 decrease the first-pass effects of OCT and effectively reduce PVP under PH conditions. Therefore, the present results suggest P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 are key factors in the intestinal absorption of OCT. The inhibition of P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 can markedly decrease the first-pass effects of OCT, and their use may facilitate the use of orally administered OCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Xiong Tang
- Department of Invasive Technology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China; Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Cheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yong Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mann A, Han H, Eyal S. Imaging transporters: Transforming diagnostic and therapeutic development. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:479-488. [PMID: 27327047 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging allows noninvasive assessment of drug distribution across pharmacological barriers. Thus, it plays an increasingly important role in efforts to understand the interactions of molecules with membrane transporters during drug development and in clinical pharmacology. We describe established and emerging imaging modalities utilized for studying transporter expression and function. We further present examples of how molecular imaging could provide insights into the contribution of transporters to drug disposition and effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Mann
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Han
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Eyal
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. .,The David R. Bloom Centre for Pharmacy and Dr. Adolf and Klara Brettler Centre for Research in Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MacLeod AK, McLaughlin LA, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR. Activation status of the pregnane X receptor influences vemurafenib availability in humanized mouse models. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4573-81. [PMID: 26363009 PMCID: PMC4634205 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vemurafenib is a revolutionary treatment for melanoma, but the magnitude of therapeutic response is highly variable, and the rapid acquisition of resistance is frequent. Here, we examine how vemurafenib disposition, particularly through cytochrome P450-mediated oxidation pathways, could potentially influence these outcomes using a panel of knockout and transgenic humanized mouse models. We identified CYP3A4 as the major enzyme involved in the metabolism of vemurafenib in in vitro assays with human liver microsomes. However, mice expressing human CYP3A4 did not process vemurafenib to a greater extent than CYP3A4-null animals, suggesting that other pregnane X receptor (PXR)-regulated pathways may contribute more significantly to vemurafenib metabolism in vivo. Activation of PXR, but not of the closely related constitutive androstane receptor, profoundly reduced circulating levels of vemurafenib in humanized mice. This effect was independent of CYP3A4 and was negated by cotreatment with the drug efflux transporter inhibitor elacridar. Finally, vemurafenib strongly induced PXR activity in vitro, but only weakly induced PXR in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that vemurafenib is unlikely to exhibit a clinically significant interaction with CYP3A4, but that modulation of bioavailability through PXR-mediated regulation of drug transporters (e.g., by other drugs) has the potential to markedly influence systemic exposure and thereby therapeutic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kenneth MacLeod
- Division of Cancer, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley A McLaughlin
- Division of Cancer, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J Henderson
- Division of Cancer, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - C Roland Wolf
- Division of Cancer, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, DD1 9SY, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yasuda K, Cline C, Lin YS, Scheib R, Ganguly S, Thirumaran RK, Chaudhry A, Kim RB, Schuetz EG. In Vivo Imaging of Human MDR1 Transcription in the Brain and Spine of MDR1-Luciferase Reporter Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1646-54. [PMID: 26281846 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) [the product of the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene] at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits central nervous system (CNS) entry of many prescribed drugs, contributing to the poor success rate of CNS drug candidates. Modulating Pgp expression could improve drug delivery into the brain; however, assays to predict regulation of human BBB Pgp are lacking. We developed a transgenic mouse model to monitor human MDR1 transcription in the brain and spinal cord in vivo. A reporter construct consisting of ∼10 kb of the human MDR1 promoter controlling the firefly luciferase gene was used to generate a transgenic mouse line (MDR1-luc). Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the MDR1-luciferase transgene on chromosome 3. Reporter gene expression was monitored with an in vivo imaging system following D-luciferin injection. Basal expression was detectable in the brain, and treatment with activators of the constitutive androstane, pregnane X, and glucocorticoid receptors induced brain and spinal MDR1-luc transcription. Since D-luciferin is a substrate of ABCG2, the feasibility of improving D-luciferin brain accumulation (and luciferase signal) was tested by coadministering the dual ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar. The brain and spine MDR1-luc signal intensity was increased by elacridar treatment, suggesting enhanced D-luciferin brain bioavailability. There was regional heterogeneity in MDR1 transcription (cortex > cerebellum) that coincided with higher mouse Pgp protein expression. We confirmed luciferase expression in brain vessel endothelial cells by ex vivo analysis of tissue luciferase protein expression. We conclude that the MDR1-luc mouse provides a unique in vivo system to visualize MDR1 CNS expression and regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Cynthia Cline
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Yvonne S Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Rachel Scheib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Samit Ganguly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Ranjit K Thirumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Amarjit Chaudhry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Richard B Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| | - Erin G Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee (K.Y., C.C., R.S., S.G., R.K.T., A.C., E.G.S.); Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada (R.B.K.); and Department of Pharmaceutics, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Y.S.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mann A, Semenenko I, Meir M, Eyal S. Molecular Imaging of Membrane Transporters' Activity in Cancer: a Picture is Worth a Thousand Tubes. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:788-801. [PMID: 25823669 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging allows the non-invasive assessment of membrane transporter expression and function in living subjects. Such technologies have the potential to become diagnostic and prognostic tools, allowing detection, localization, and prediction of response of tumors and their metastases to therapy. Beyond tumors, imaging can also help understand the role of transporters in adverse drug effects and drug clearance. Here, we review molecular imaging technologies that monitor transporter-mediated processes. We emphasize emerging probe substrates and potential clinical applications of imaging the function of membrane transporters in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniv Mann
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Room 613, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ferreira M, Costa J, Reis-Henriques MA. ABC transporters in fish species: a review. Front Physiol 2014; 5:266. [PMID: 25101003 PMCID: PMC4106011 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins were first recognized for their role in multidrug resistance (MDR) in chemotherapeutic treatments, which is a major impediment for the successful treatment of many forms of malignant tumors in humans. These proteins, highly conserved throughout vertebrate species, were later related to cellular detoxification and accounted as responsible for protecting aquatic organisms from xenobiotic insults in the so-called multixenobiotic resistance mechanism (MXR). In recent years, research on these proteins in aquatic species has highlighted their importance in the detoxification mechanisms in fish thus it is necessary to continue these studies. Several transporters have been pointed out as relevant in the ecotoxicological context associated to the transport of xenobiotics, such as P-glycoproteins (Pgps), multidrug-resistance-associated proteins (MRPs 1-5) and breast cancer resistance associated protein (BCRP). In mammals, several nuclear receptors have been identified as mediators of phase I and II metabolizing enzymes and ABC transporters. In aquatic species, knowledge on co-regulation of the detoxification mechanism is scarce and needs to be addressed. The interaction of emergent contaminants that can act as chemosensitizers, with ABC transporters in aquatic organisms can compromise detoxification processes and have population effects and should be studied in more detail. This review intends to summarize the recent advances in research on MXR mechanisms in fish species, focusing in (1) regulation and functioning of ABC proteins; (2) cooperation with phase I and II biotransformation enzymes; and (3) ecotoxicological relevance and information on emergent pollutants with ability to modulate ABC transporters expression and activity. Several lines of evidence are clearly suggesting the important role of these transporters in detoxification mechanisms and must be further investigated in fish to underlay the mechanism to consider their use as biomarkers in environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Costa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Reis-Henriques
- CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, University of Porto Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|