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Shakeel I, Ashraf A, Afzal M, Sohal SS, Islam A, Kazim SN, Hassan MI. The Molecular Blueprint for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A New Paradigm for Diagnosis and Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:2297559. [PMID: 38155869 PMCID: PMC10754640 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2297559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has increased over the last decade and has emerged as the third leading cause of death worldwide. It is characterized by emphysema with prolonged airflow limitation. COPD patients are more susceptible to COVID-19 and increase the disease severity about four times. The most used drugs to treat it show numerous side effects, including immune suppression and infection. This review discusses a narrative opinion and critical review of COPD. We present different aspects of the disease, from cellular and inflammatory responses to cigarette smoking in COPD and signaling pathways. In addition, we highlighted various risk factors for developing COPD apart from smoking, like occupational exposure, pollutants, genetic factors, gender, etc. After the recent elucidation of the underlying inflammatory signaling pathways in COPD, new molecular targeted drug candidates for COPD are signal-transmitting substances. We further summarize recent developments in biomarker discovery for COPD and its implications for disease diagnosis. In addition, we discuss novel drug targets for COPD that could be explored for drug development and subsequent clinical management of cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, commonly associated with COPD. Our extensive analysis of COPD cause, etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic will provide a better understanding of the disease and the development of effective therapeutic options. In-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanism will offer deeper insights into identifying novel molecular targets for developing potent therapeutics and biomarkers of disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anam Ashraf
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002, India
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Liu J, Zhang X, Chen G, Shao Q, Zou Y, Li Z, Su H, Li M, Xu Y. Drug repurposing and structure-based discovery of new PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115893. [PMID: 37918035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) and PDE5 responsible for the hydrolysis of intracellular cAMP and cGMP, respectively, are promising targets for therapeutic intervention in a wide variety of diseases. Here, we report the discovery of novel, drug-like PDE4 inhibitors by performing a high-throughput drug repurposing screening of 2560 approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical trial studies. It allowed us to identify eight potent PDE4 inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 0.41 to 2.46 μM. Crystal structures of PDE4 in complex with four compounds, namely ethaverine hydrochloride (EH), benzbromarone (BBR), CX-4945, and CVT-313, were further solved to elucidate molecular mechanisms of action of these new inhibitors, providing a solid foundation for optimizing the inhibitors to improve their potency as well as selectivity. Unexpectedly, selectivity profiling of other PDE subfamilies followed by crystal structure determination revealed that CVT-313 was also a potent PDE5 inhibitor with a binding mode similar to that of tadalafil, a marketed PDE5 inhibitor, but distinctively different from the binding mode of CVT-313 with PDE4. Structure-guided modification of CVT-313 led to the discovery of a new inhibitor, compound 2, with significantly improved inhibitory activity as well as selectivity towards PDE5 over PDE4. Together, these results highlight the utility of the drug repurposing in combination with structure-based drug design in identifying novel inhibitors of PDE4 and PDE5, which provides a prime example for efficient discovery of drug-like hits towards a given target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhewen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haixia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Minjun Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Nguyen HO, Tiberio L, Facchinetti F, Ripari G, Violi V, Villetti G, Salvi V, Bosisio D. Modulation of Human Dendritic Cell Functions by Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors: Potential Relevance for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2254. [PMID: 37765223 PMCID: PMC10535230 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) are small-molecule drugs that, by increasing the intracellular levels of cAMP in immune cells, elicit a broad spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects. As such, PDE4 inhibitors are actively studied as therapeutic options in a variety of human diseases characterized by an underlying inflammatory pathogenesis. Dendritic cells (DCs) are checkpoints of the inflammatory and immune responses, being responsible for both activation and dampening depending on their activation status. This review shows evidence that PDE4 inhibitors modulate inflammatory DC activation by decreasing the secretion of inflammatory and Th1/Th17-polarizing cytokines, although preserving the expression of costimulatory molecules and the CD4+ T cell-activating potential. In addition, DCs activated in the presence of PDE4 inhibitors induce a preferential Th2 skewing of effector T cells, retain the secretion of Th2-attracting chemokines and increase the production of T cell regulatory mediators, such as IDO1, TSP-1, VEGF-A and Amphiregulin. Finally, PDE4 inhibitors selectively induce the expression of the surface molecule CD141/Thrombomodulin/BDCA-3. The result of such fine-tuning is immunomodulatory DCs that are distinct from those induced by classical anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids. The possible implications for the treatment of respiratory disorders (such as COPD, asthma and COVID-19) by PDE4 inhibitors will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Oanh Nguyen
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Ripari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Violi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Gino Villetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., 43122 Parma, Italy; (F.F.); (G.V.)
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (L.T.); (G.R.); (V.V.)
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Du B, Luo M, Ren C, Zhang J. PDE4 inhibitors for disease therapy: advances and future perspective. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1185-1207. [PMID: 37470147 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The PDE4 enzyme family is specifically responsible for hydrolyzing cAMP and plays a vital role in regulating the balance of second messengers. As a crucial regulator in signal transduction, PDE4 has displayed promising pharmacological targets in a variety of diseases, for which its inhibitors have been used as a therapeutic strategy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the development of PDE4 inhibitors in the past few years, along with the structure, clinical and research progress of multiple inhibitors of PDE4, focusing on the research and development strategies of PDE4 inhibitors. We hope our analysis will provide a significant reference for the future development of new PDE4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochan Du
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Stolfa I, Page C. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors and lung diseases. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 98:55-81. [PMID: 37524492 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDE) have long been known as regulators of cAMP and cGMP, second messengers involved in various signaling pathways and expressed in a variety of cell types implicated in respiratory diseases such as airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells making them a key target for the treatment of lung diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The first reported PDE inhibitor was the xanthine, theophylline, described as a non-specific PDE inhibitor and whilst this drug is effective, it also has a range of unwanted side effects. In an attempt to improve the therapeutic window of xanthines, a number of selective PDE inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of respiratory diseases with only the selective PDE 4 inhibitor, roflumilast, being approved for the treatment of severe COPD. However, roflumilast also has a very narrow therapeutic window due to a number of important doses limiting side effects, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. However, there continues to be research carried out in this field to identify improved selective PDE inhibitors, both by targeting other PDE subtypes (e.g., PDE 7 found in a number of inflammatory and immune cells) and through development of selective PDE inhibitors for pulmonary administration to reduce systemic exposure and improve the side effect profile. This approach has been exemplified by the development of ensifentrine, a dual PDE 3-PDE 4 inhibitor, an inhaled drug that has recently completed two successful Phase III clinical trials in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stolfa
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College, London, United Kingdom.
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Targeting phosphodiesterase 4 as a therapeutic strategy for cognitive improvement. Bioorg Chem 2022; 130:106278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Crocetti L, Floresta G, Cilibrizzi A, Giovannoni MP. An Overview of PDE4 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: 2010 to Early 2022. Molecules 2022; 27:4964. [PMID: 35956914 PMCID: PMC9370432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1980s, phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) has been an attractive target for the treatment of inflammation-based diseases. Several scientific advancements, by both academia and pharmaceutical companies, have enabled the identification of many synthetic ligands for this target, along with the acquisition of precise information on biological requirements and linked therapeutic opportunities. The transition from pre-clinical to clinical phase was not easy for the majority of these compounds, mainly due to their significant side effects, and it took almost thirty years for a PDE4 inhibitor to become a drug i.e., Roflumilast, used in the clinics for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Since then, three additional compounds have reached the market a few years later: Crisaborole for atopic dermatitis, Apremilast for psoriatic arthritis and Ibudilast for Krabbe disease. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the compounds that have reached clinical trials in the last ten years, with a focus on those most recently developed for respiratory, skin and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Cilibrizzi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Nguyen HO, Salvi V, Tiberio L, Facchinetti F, Govoni M, Villetti G, Civelli M, Barbazza I, Gaudenzi C, Passari M, Schioppa T, Sozio F, Del Prete A, Sozzani S, Bosisio D. The PDE4 inhibitor tanimilast shows distinct immunomodulatory properties associated with a type 2 endotype and CD141 upregulation. J Transl Med 2022; 20:203. [PMID: 35538539 PMCID: PMC9092691 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tanimilast is a novel and selective inhaled inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4 in advanced clinical development for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tanimilast is known to exert prominent anti-inflammatory activity when tested in preclinical experimental models as well as in human clinical studies. Recently, we have demonstrated that it also finely tunes, rather than suppressing, the cytokine network secreted by activated dendritic cells (DCs). This study was designed to characterize the effects of tanimilast on T-cell polarizing properties of DCs and to investigate additional functional and phenotypical features induced by tanimilast. Methods DCs at day 6 of culture were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of tanimilast or the control drug budesonide. After 24 h, DCs were analyzed for the expression of surface markers of maturation and activation by flow cytometry and cocultured with T cells to investigate cell proliferation and activation/polarization. The regulation of type 2-skewing mediators was investigated by real-time PCR in DCs and compared to results obtained in vivo in a randomized placebo-controlled trial on COPD patients treated with tanimilast. Results Our results show that both tanimilast and budesonide reduced the production of the immunostimulatory cytokine IFN-γ by CD4+ T cells. However, the two drugs acted at different levels since budesonide mainly blocked T cell proliferation, while tanimilast skewed T cells towards a Th2 phenotype without affecting cell proliferation. In addition, only DCs matured in the presence of tanimilast displayed increased CD86/CD80 ratio and CD141 expression, which correlated with Th2 T cell induction and dead cell uptake respectively. These cells also upregulated cAMP-dependent immunosuppressive molecules such as IDO1, TSP1, VEGF-A and Amphiregulin. Notably, the translational value of these data was confirmed by the finding that these same genes were upregulated also in sputum cells of COPD patients treated with tanimilast as add-on to inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators. Conclusion Taken together, these findings demonstrate distinct immunomodulatory properties of tanimilast associated with a type 2 endotype and CD141 upregulation in DCs and provide a mechanistic rationale for the administration of tanimilast on top of inhaled corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Oanh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Gino Villetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barbazza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carolina Gaudenzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Passari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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The PDE4 Inhibitor Tanimilast Restrains the Tissue-Damaging Properties of Human Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094982. [PMID: 35563373 PMCID: PMC9104715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant subset of leukocytes in the blood, play a pivotal role in host response against invading pathogens. However, in respiratory diseases, excessive infiltration and activation of neutrophils can lead to tissue damage. Tanimilast-international non-proprietary name of CHF6001—is a novel inhaled phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor in advanced clinical development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic inflammatory lung disease where neutrophilic inflammation plays a key pathological role. Human neutrophils from healthy donors were exposed to pro-inflammatory stimuli in the presence or absence of tanimilast and budesonide—a typical inhaled corticosteroid drug-to investigate the modulation of effector functions including adherence to endothelial cells, granule protein exocytosis, release of extracellular DNA traps, cytokine secretion, and cell survival. Tanimilast significantly decreased neutrophil-endothelium adhesion, degranulation, extracellular DNA traps casting, and cytokine secretion. In contrast, it promoted neutrophil survival by decreasing both spontaneous apoptosis and cell death in the presence of pro-survival factors. The present work suggests that tanimilast can alleviate the severe tissue damage caused by massive recruitment and activation of neutrophils in inflammatory diseases such as COPD.
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Nguyen HO, Schioppa T, Tiberio L, Facchinetti F, Villetti G, Civelli M, Del Prete A, Sozio F, Gaudenzi C, Passari M, Barbazza I, Sozzani S, Salvi V, Bosisio D. The PDE4 Inhibitor Tanimilast Blunts Proinflammatory Dendritic Cell Activation by SARS-CoV-2 ssRNAs. Front Immunol 2022; 12:797390. [PMID: 35140709 PMCID: PMC8818995 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.797390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are immunomodulatory drugs approved to treat diseases associated with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as COPD, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Tanimilast (international non-proprietary name of CHF6001) is a novel, potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor in advanced clinical development for the treatment of COPD. To begin testing its potential in limiting hyperinflammation and immune dysregulation associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection, we took advantage of an in vitro model of dendritic cell (DC) activation by SARS-CoV-2 genomic ssRNA (SCV2-RNA). In this context, Tanimilast decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), chemokines (CCL3, CXCL9, and CXCL10) and of Th1-polarizing cytokines (IL-12, type I IFNs). In contrast to β-methasone, a reference steroid anti-inflammatory drug, Tanimilast did not impair the acquisition of the maturation markers CD83, CD86 and MHC-II, nor that of the lymph node homing receptor CCR7. Consistent with this, Tanimilast did not reduce the capability of SCV2-RNA-stimulated DCs to activate CD4+ T cells but skewed their polarization towards a Th2 phenotype. Both Tanimilast and β-methasone blocked the increase of MHC-I molecules in SCV2-RNA-activated DCs and restrained the proliferation and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Our results indicate that Tanimilast can modulate the SCV2-RNA-induced pro-inflammatory and Th1-polarizing potential of DCs, crucial regulators of both the inflammatory and immune response. Given also the remarkable safety demonstrated by Tanimilast, up to now, in clinical studies, we propose this inhaled PDE4 inhibitor as a promising immunomodulatory drug in the scenario of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Oanh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tiziana Schioppa
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laura Tiberio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Gino Villetti
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Del Prete
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Sozio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Carolina Gaudenzi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mauro Passari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barbazza
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvano Sozzani
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Daniela Bosisio,
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Liu Z, Liu M, Cao Z, Qiu P, Song G. Phosphodiesterase‑4 inhibitors: a review of current developments (2013-2021). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:261-278. [PMID: 34986723 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2026328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is responsible for the hydrolysis of cAMP, which has become an attractive therapeutic target for lung, skin, and severe neurological diseases. Here, we review the current status of development of PDE4 inhibitors since 2013 and discuss the applicability of novel medicinal-chemistry strategies for identifying more efficient and safer inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the clinical development of PDE4 inhibitors from 2013 to 2021, focused on their pharmacophores, the strategies to reduce the side effects of PDE4 inhibitors and the development of subfamily selective PDE4 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION To date, great efforts have been made in the development of PDE4 inhibitors, and researchers have established a comprehensive preclinical database and collected some promising data from clinical trials. Although four small-molecule PDE4 inhibitors have been approved by FDA for the treatment of human diseases up to now, further development of other reported PDE4 inhibitors with strong potency has been hampered due to the occurrence of severe side effects. There are currently three main strategies for overcoming the dose limitation and systemic side effects, which provide new opportunities for the clinical development of new PDE4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenqing Cao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengsen Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Facchinetti F, Civelli M, Singh D, Papi A, Emirova A, Govoni M. Tanimilast, A Novel Inhaled Pde4 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:740803. [PMID: 34887752 PMCID: PMC8650159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.740803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic respiratory diseases are the third leading cause of death, behind cardiovascular diseases and cancer, affecting approximately 550 million of people all over the world. Most of the chronic respiratory diseases are attributable to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with this latter being the major cause of deaths. Despite differences in etiology and symptoms, a common feature of asthma and COPD is an underlying degree of airways inflammation. The nature and severity of this inflammation might differ between and within different respiratory conditions and pharmacological anti-inflammatory treatments are unlikely to be effective in all patients. A precision medicine approach is needed to selectively target patients to increase the chance of therapeutic success. Inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme like the oral PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast have shown a potential to reduce inflammatory-mediated processes and the frequency of exacerbations in certain groups of COPD patients with a chronic bronchitis phenotype. However, roflumilast use is dampened by class related side effects as nausea, diarrhea, weight loss and abdominal pain, resulting in both substantial treatment discontinuation in clinical practice and withdrawal from clinical trials. This has prompted the search for PDE4 inhibitors to be given by inhalation to reduce the systemic exposure (and thus optimize the systemic safety) and maximize the therapeutic effect in the lung. Tanimilast (international non-proprietary name of CHF6001) is a novel highly potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor with proven anti-inflammatory properties in various inflammatory cells, including leukocytes derived from asthma and COPD patients, as well as in experimental rodent models of pulmonary inflammation. Inhaled tanimilast has reached phase III clinical development by showing promising pharmacodynamic results associated with a good tolerability and safety profile, with no evidence of PDE4 inhibitors class-related side effects. In this review we will discuss the main outcomes of preclinical and clinical studies conducted during tanimilast development, with particular emphasis on the characterization of the pharmacodynamic profile that led to the identification of target populations with increased therapeutic potential in inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Papi
- Respiratory Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aida Emirova
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
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13
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Singh D, Lea S, Mathioudakis AG. Inhaled Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Drugs 2021; 81:1821-1830. [PMID: 34731461 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors prevent the metabolism of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, thereby reducing inflammation. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors aim to restrict systemic drug exposure to enhance the potential for clinical benefits (in the lungs) versus adverse events (systemically). The orally administered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast reduces exacerbation rates in the subgroup of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with a history of exacerbations and the presence of chronic bronchitis, but can cause PDE4 related adverse effects due to systemic exposure. CHF6001 is an inhaled PDE4 inhibitor, while inhaled ensifentrine is an inhibitor of both PDE3 and PDE4; antagonism of PDE3 facilitates smooth muscle relaxation and hence bronchodilation. These inhaled PDE inhibitors have both reported positive findings from early phase clinical trials, and have been well tolerated. Longer term trials are needed to firmly establish the clinical benefits of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, The Langley Building, Southmoor Road, Manchester, M23 9QZ, UK.
| | - Simon Lea
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander G Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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14
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Kazi AA, Subba Reddy BV, Ravithej Singh L. Synthetic approaches to FDA approved drugs for asthma and COPD from 1969 to 2020. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 41:116212. [PMID: 34000507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infections resulting from pulmonary inflammation emerging as a leading cause of death worldwide. However, only twenty-seven new drugs were approved in the last five decades. In this review, we presented synthetic approaches for twenty-seven FDA-approved medications used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), along with their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayazoddin Aunoddin Kazi
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - B V Subba Reddy
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
| | - L Ravithej Singh
- Fluoro-Agrochemicals Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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15
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Matera MG, Ora J, Cavalli F, Rogliani P, Cazzola M. New Avenues for Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Asthma. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:291-302. [PMID: 33758554 PMCID: PMC7979323 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s242961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are isoenzymes ubiquitously expressed in the lungs where they catalyse cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP), which are fundamental second messengers in asthma, thereby regulating the intracellular concentrations of these cyclic nucleotides, their signaling pathways and, consequently, myriad biological responses. The superfamily of PDEs is composed of 11 families with a distinct substrate specificity, molecular structure and subcellular localization. Experimental studies indicate a possible role in asthma mainly for PDE3, PDE4, PDE5 and PDE7. Consequently, drugs that inhibit PDEs may offer novel therapeutic options for the treatment of this disease. Areas Covered In this article, we describe the progress made in recent years regarding the possibility of using PDE inhibitors in the treatment of asthma. Expert Opinion Many data indicate the potential benefits of PDE inhibitors as an add-on treatment especially in severe asthma due to their bronchodilator and/or anti-inflammatory activity, but no compound has yet reached the market as asthma treatment mainly because of their limited tolerability. Therefore, there is a growing interest in developing new PDE inhibitors with an improved safety profile. In particular, the research is focused on the development of drugs capable of interacting simultaneously with different PDEs, or to be administered by inhalation. CHF 6001 and RPL554 are the only molecules that currently are under clinical development but there are several new agents with interesting pharmacological profiles. It will be stimulating to assess the impact of such agents on individual treatable traits in specially designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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16
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Singh D, Bassi M, Balzano D, Lucci G, Emirova A, Anna Nandeuil M, Jellema G, Afolabi EK, Leaker B, Kornmann O, Michael Beeh K, Watz H, Govoni M. COPD patients with chronic bronchitis and higher sputum eosinophil counts show increased type-2 and PDE4 gene expression in sputum. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:905-918. [PMID: 33295083 PMCID: PMC7812250 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with higher eosinophil counts are associated with increased clinical response to phosphodiesterase‐4‐inhibitors (PDE4i). However, the underlying inflammatory mechanisms associated with this increased response is not yet elucidated. This post hoc analysis focused on sputum gene expression in patients with chronic bronchitis who underwent 32‐day treatment with two doses of the inhaled PDE4i CHF6001 (tanimilast) or placebo on top of triple therapy. Biological characterization and treatment effects were assessed between patients with different sputum eosinophil levels (eosinophilhigh ≥ 3%; eosinophillow < 3%) at baseline (primary samples) or at the end of the treatment of the placebo arm (validation samples). Forty‐one genes were differentially expressed in primary samples (p‐adjusted for false discovery rate < 0.05); all up‐regulated in eosinophilhigh patients and functionally enriched for type‐2 and PDE4 inflammatory processes. Eleven out of nineteen genes having immune system biological processes annotations including IL5RA, ALOX15, IL1RL1, CLC, GATA1 and PDE4D were replicated using validation samples. The expression of a number of these inflammatory mediators was reduced by tanimilast treatment, with greater effects observed in eosinophilhigh patients. These findings suggest that type‐2 and PDE4 overexpression in COPD patients with higher sputum eosinophil counts contribute to the differential clinical response to PDE4i observed in previous clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aida Emirova
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Kornmann
- IKF Pneumologie Frankfurt, Clinical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
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17
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Wang C, Zhou J, Wang J, Li S, Fukunaga A, Yodoi J, Tian H. Progress in the mechanism and targeted drug therapy for COPD. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:248. [PMID: 33110061 PMCID: PMC7588592 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD has increased over the last decade and the drugs most commonly used to treat it, such as glucocorticoids and bronchodilators, have significant therapeutic effects; however, they also cause side effects, including infection and immunosuppression. Here we reviewed the pathogenesis and progression of COPD and elaborated on the effects and mechanisms of newly developed molecular targeted COPD therapeutic drugs. Among these new drugs, we focussed on thioredoxin (Trx). Trx effectively prevents the progression of COPD by regulating redox status and protease/anti-protease balance, blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, suppressing the activation and migration of inflammatory cells and the production of cytokines, inhibiting the synthesis and the activation of adhesion factors and growth factors, and controlling the cAMP-PKA and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. The mechanism by which Trx affects COPD is different from glucocorticoid-based mechanisms which regulate the inflammatory reaction in association with suppressing immune responses. In addition, Trx also improves the insensitivity of COPD to steroids by inhibiting the production and internalisation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Taken together, these findings suggest that Trx may be the ideal drug for treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
- Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co, Ltd, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
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18
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Singh D, Emirova A, Francisco C, Santoro D, Govoni M, Nandeuil MA. Efficacy and safety of CHF6001, a novel inhaled PDE4 inhibitor in COPD: the PIONEER study. Respir Res 2020; 21:246. [PMID: 32962709 PMCID: PMC7510119 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01512-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of the novel inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor CHF6001 added-on to formoterol in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Randomised, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group study. Eligible patients had symptomatic COPD, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 30–70% predicted, and history of ≥1 moderate/severe exacerbation. Patients were randomised to extrafine CHF6001 400, 800, 1200 or 1600 μg twice daily (BID), budesonide, or placebo for 24 weeks. Primary objectives: To investigate CHF6001 dose-response for pre-dose FEV1 after 12 weeks, and to identify the optimal dose. Moderate-to-severe exacerbations were a secondary endpoint. Results Of 1130 patients randomised, 91.9% completed. Changes from baseline in pre-dose FEV1 at Week 12 were small in all groups (including budesonide), with no CHF6001 dose-response, and no significant treatment–placebo differences. For moderate-to-severe exacerbations, CHF6001 rate reductions versus placebo were 13–28% (non-significant). In post-hoc analyses, CHF6001 effects were larger in patients with a chronic bronchitis phenotype (rate reductions versus placebo 24–37%; non-significant), and were further increased in patients with chronic bronchitis and eosinophil count ≥150 cells/μL (49–73%, statistically significant for CHF6001 800 and 1600 μg BID). CHF6001 was well tolerated with no safety signal (including in terms of gastrointestinal adverse events). Conclusions CHF6001 had no effect in the primary lung function analysis, although was well-tolerated with no gastrointestinal adverse event signal. Post-hoc analyses focused on exacerbation risk indicate specific patient subgroups who may receive particular benefit from CHF6001. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02986321). Registered 8 Dec 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Aida Emirova
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
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19
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McDonough W, Aragon IV, Rich J, Murphy JM, Abou Saleh L, Boyd A, Koloteva A, Richter W. PAN-selective inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) induces gastroparesis in mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:12533-12548. [PMID: 32738081 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001016rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of cAMP-phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) exert a number of promising therapeutic benefits, but adverse effects, in particular emesis and nausea, have curbed their clinical utility. Here, we show that PAN-selective inhibition of PDE4, but not inhibition of PDE3, causes a time- and dose-dependent accumulation of chow in the stomachs of mice fed ad libitum without changing the animals' food intake or the weight of their intestines, suggesting that PDE4 inhibition impairs gastric emptying. Indeed, PDE4 inhibition induced gastric retention in an acute model of gastric motility that traces the passage of a food bolus through the stomach over a 30 minutes time period. In humans, abnormal gastric retention of food is known as gastroparesis, a syndrome predominated by nausea (>90% of cases) and vomiting (>80% of cases). We thus explored the abnormal gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition in mice under the premise that it may represent a useful correlate of emesis and nausea. Delayed gastric emptying was produced by structurally distinct PAN-PDE4 inhibitors including Rolipram, Piclamilast, Roflumilast, and RS25344, suggesting that it is a class effect. PDE4 inhibitors induced gastric retention at similar or below doses commonly used to induce therapeutic benefits (e.g., 0.04 mg/kg Rolipram), thus mirroring the narrow therapeutic window of PDE4 inhibitors in humans. YM976, a PAN-PDE4 inhibitor that does not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier, induced gastroparesis only at significantly higher doses (≥1 mg/kg). This suggests that PDE4 inhibition may act in part through effects on the autonomic nervous system regulation of gastric emptying and that PDE4 inhibitors that are not brain-penetrant may have an improved safety profile. The PDE4 family comprises four subtypes, PDE4A, B, C, and D. Selective ablation of any of these subtypes in mice did not induce gastroparesis per se, nor did it protect from PAN-PDE4 inhibitor-induced gastroparesis, indicating that gastric retention may result from the concurrent inhibition of multiple PDE4s. Thus, potentially, any of the four PDE4 subtypes may be targeted individually for therapeutic benefits without inducing nausea or emesis. Acute gastric retention induced by PDE4 inhibition is alleviated by treatment with the widely used prokinetic Metoclopramide, suggesting a potential of this drug to alleviate the side effects of PDE4 inhibitors. Finally, given that the cause of gastroparesis remains largely idiopathic, our findings open the possibility that a physiologic or pathophysiologic downregulation of PDE4 activity/expression may be causative in a subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will McDonough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Ileana V Aragon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Justin Rich
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - James M Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Lina Abou Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Abigail Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna Koloteva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Wito Richter
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
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20
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Hunt DWC, Ivanova IA, Dagnino L. DRM02, a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor with cutaneous anti-inflammatory activity. Tissue Barriers 2020; 8:1765633. [PMID: 32479135 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1765633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory skin disorders are frequently associated with impaired skin barrier function. Selective phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibition constitutes an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases. We now report the pharmacological anti-inflammatory profile of DRM02, a novel pyrazolylbenzothiazole derivative with selective in vitro inhibitory activity toward PDE4 isoforms A, B and D. DRM02 treatment of cultured primary human and mouse epidermal keratinocytes interfered with pro-inflammatory cytokine production elicited by interleukin-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α. Similarly, DRM02 inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo and cultured THP-1 monocyte-like cells, with IC50 values of 0.6-14 µM. These anti-inflammatory properties of DRM02 were associated with dose-dependent repression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity. In skin inflammation in vivo mouse models, topically applied DRM02 inhibited the acute response to phorbol ester and induced Th2-type contact hypersensitivity reactivity. Further, DRM02 also decreased cutaneous clinical changes and expression of Th17 immune pathway cytokines in a mouse model of psoriasis evoked by repeated topical imiquimod application. Thus, the overall pharmacological profiling of the PDE4 inhibitor DRM02 has revealed its potential as a topical therapy for inflammatory skin disorders and restoration of skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iordanka A Ivanova
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario , London, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario , London, Canada
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21
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DC591017, a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with robust anti-inflammation through regulating PKA-CREB signaling. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Peng T, Qi B, He J, Ke H, Shi J. Advances in the Development of Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:10594-10617. [PMID: 32255344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) specifically hydrolyzes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and plays vital roles in biological processes such as cancer development. To date, PDE4 inhibitors have been widely studied as therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and many of them have progressed to clinical trials or have been approved as drugs. Herein, we review the advances in the development of PDE4 inhibitors in the past decade and will focus on their pharmacophores, PDE4 subfamily selectivity, and therapeutic potential. Hopefully, this analysis will lead to a strategy for development of novel therapeutics targeting PDE4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Baowen Qi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jun He
- Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hengming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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23
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Sabogal Piñeros YS, Dekker T, Smids B, Majoor CJ, Ravanetti L, Villetti G, Civelli M, Facchinetti F, Lutter R. Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors attenuate virus-induced activation of eosinophils from asthmatics without affecting virus binding. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00557. [PMID: 32447834 PMCID: PMC7245579 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory virus infections, such as influenza and RSV, are predominant causes of asthma exacerbations. Eosinophils act as a double-edged sword in exacerbations in that they are activated by viral infections but also can capture and inactivate respiratory viruses. Phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) is abundantly expressed by eosinophils and has been implicated in their activation. This exploratory study aims to determine whether these opposing roles of eosinophils activation of eosinophils upon interaction with virus can be modulated by selective PDE4 inhibitors and whether eosinophils from healthy, moderate and severe asthmatic subjects respond differently. Eosinophils were purified by negative selection from blood and subsequently exposed to RSV or influenza. Prior to exposure to virus, eosinophils were treated with vehicle or selective PDE4 inhibitors CHF6001 and GSK256066. After 18 hours of exposure, influenza, but not RSV, increased CD69 and CD63 expression by eosinophils from each group, which were inhibited by PDE4 inhibitors. ECP release, although not stimulated by virus, was also attenuated by PDE4 inhibitors. Eosinophils showed an increased Nox2 activity upon virus exposure, which was less pronounced in eosinophils derived from mild and severe asthmatics and was counteracted by PDE4 inhibitors. PDE4 inhibitors had no effect on binding of virus by eosinophils from each group. Our data indicate that PDE4 inhibitors can attenuate eosinophil activation, without affecting virus binding. By attenuating virus-induced responses, PDE4 inhibitors may mitigate virus-induced asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanaika Shari Sabogal Piñeros
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tamara Dekker
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Barbara Smids
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Christof J. Majoor
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lara Ravanetti
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gino Villetti
- Corporate Pre‐Clinical R&DChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A.ParmaItaly
| | | | | | - René Lutter
- Department of Experimental ImmunologyAmsterdam Infection & Immunity InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentresUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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24
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The PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001 affects keratinocyte proliferation via cellular redox pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 685:108355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Blair CM, Ling J, Baillie GS. Measuring cAMP Specific Phosphodiesterase Activity: A Two-step Radioassay. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3581. [PMID: 33659551 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide degrading phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes are crucial to the fine tuning of cAMP signaling responses, playing a pivotal role in regulating the temporal and spatial characteristics of discrete cAMP nanodomains and hence the activity of cAMP-effector proteins. As a consequence of orchestrating cAMP homeostasis, dysfunctional PDE activity plays a central role in disease pathogenesis. This highlights the need for developing methods that can be used to further understand PDE function and assess the effectiveness of potentially novel PDE therapeutics. Here we describe such an approach, where PDE activity is indirectly measured through the direct quantification of radioactively tagged cAMP (pmol/min-1/mg-1). This method provides a highly sensitive tool for investigating PDE functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Blair
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jiayue Ling
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - George S Baillie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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26
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Johnson BM, Shu YZ, Zhuo X, Meanwell NA. Metabolic and Pharmaceutical Aspects of Fluorinated Compounds. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6315-6386. [PMID: 32182061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The applications of fluorine in drug design continue to expand, facilitated by an improved understanding of its effects on physicochemical properties and the development of synthetic methodologies that are providing access to new fluorinated motifs. In turn, studies of fluorinated molecules are providing deeper insights into the effects of fluorine on metabolic pathways, distribution, and disposition. Despite the high strength of the C-F bond, the departure of fluoride from metabolic intermediates can be facile. This reactivity has been leveraged in the design of mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors and has influenced the metabolic fate of fluorinated compounds. In this Perspective, we summarize the literature associated with the metabolism of fluorinated molecules, focusing on examples where the presence of fluorine influences the metabolic profile. These studies have revealed potentially problematic outcomes with some fluorinated motifs and are enhancing our understanding of how fluorine should be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Zhuo
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, 100 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Route 206 and Province Line Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
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Phillips JE. Inhaled Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) Inhibitors for Inflammatory Respiratory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:259. [PMID: 32226383 PMCID: PMC7080983 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PDE4 inhibitors can suppress a variety of inflammatory cell functions that contribute to their anti-inflammatory actions in respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast has been approved for use in a subset of patients with severe COPD with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. Use of systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitors has been limited by systemic side effects. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors have been considered as a viable alternative to increase tolerability and determine the maximum therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition in respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Phillips
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Research, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
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28
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Rhee CK, Kim DK. Role of phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:276-283. [PMID: 32131571 PMCID: PMC7061018 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2020.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors (PDE4Is) are potent anti-inf lammatory agents and roflumilast has been used to prevent acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Roflumilast decreases neutrophil migration, restores cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity, and recovers glucocorticoid effects. A forced expiratory volume in 1 second of < 50%, a chronic bronchitis phenotype, high blood eosinophil levels, and a history of hospitalization are biomarkers for predicting responses to roflumilast. Adverse effects are common in clinical practice. An inhaled PDE4I has recently been developed and is under clinical trial. CHF6001 and RPL554 exhibit promise and may be future treatment options for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deog Kyeom Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Deog Kyeom Kim, M.D. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 07061, Korea Tel: +82-2-870-2228 Fax: +82-2-831-0714 E-mail:
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29
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Stellari FF, Sala A, Ruscitti F, Buccellati C, Allen A, Risé P, Civelli M, Villetti G. CHF6001 Inhibits NF-κB Activation and Neutrophilic Recruitment in LPS-Induced Lung Inflammation in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1337. [PMID: 31798449 PMCID: PMC6863066 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) are potent anti-inflammatory agents, inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators through the elevation of intracellular cAMP concentrations. We studied the activity of a novel PDE4 inhibitor, CHF6001, both in vitro in human cells and in vivo, using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in mice lung inflammation. Mice transiently transfected with the luciferase gene under the control of an NF-κB responsive element (NF-κB-luc) have been used to assess the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of CHF6001 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation. BLI as well as inflammatory cells and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were monitored in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) while testing in vitro its ability to affect the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), measured by LC/MS/MS, by LPS/LPS/N-formyl--methionyl--leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-activated human blood. CHF6001 inhibited the production of LTB4 in LPS/fMLP-activated human blood at sub-nanomolar concentrations. LPS-induced an increase of BLI signal in NF-κB-luc mice, and CHF6001 administered by dry powder inhalation decreased in parallel luciferase signal, cell airway infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in BALF. The results obtained provide in vitro and in vivo evidence of the anti-inflammatory activity of the potent PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001, showing that with a topical administration that closely mimics inhalation in humans, it efficiently disrupts the NF-κB activation associated with LPS challenge, an effect that may be relevant for the prevention of exacerbation episodes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio F Stellari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Drug Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IBIM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ruscitti
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - Carola Buccellati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Drug Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrew Allen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Risé
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Drug Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
| | - Gino Villetti
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A, Parma, Italy
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30
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The modulatory effects of the PDE4 inhibitors CHF6001 and roflumilast in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue from COPD patients. Cytokine 2019; 123:154739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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31
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Singh D, Beeh KM, Colgan B, Kornmann O, Leaker B, Watz H, Lucci G, Geraci S, Emirova A, Govoni M, Nandeuil MA. Effect of the inhaled PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001 on biomarkers of inflammation in COPD. Respir Res 2019; 20:180. [PMID: 31399091 PMCID: PMC6688371 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CHF6001 is a novel inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. This Phase IIa study assessed the effects of CHF6001 on markers of inflammation in induced sputum and blood in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods This was a multicentre, three-period (each 32 days), three-way, placebo-controlled, double-blind, complete-block crossover study. Eligible patients had COPD, chronic bronchitis, and were receiving inhaled triple therapy for ≥2 months. Patients received CHF6001 800 or 1600 μg, or matching placebo twice daily via multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (NEXThaler). Induced sputum was collected pre-dose on Day 1, and post-dose on Days 20, 26 and 32. Blood was sampled pre-dose on Day 1, and pre- and post-dose on Day 32. Results Of 61 randomised patients, 54 (88.5%) completed the study. There were no significant differences between groups for overall sputum cell count, or absolute numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils or lymphocytes. CHF6001 800 μg significantly decreased the absolute number and percentage of macrophages vs placebo. In sputum, compared with placebo both CHF6001 doses significantly decreased leukotriene B4, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). In blood, both CHF6001 doses significantly decreased serum surfactant protein D vs placebo. CHF6001 1600 μg significantly decreased TNFα ex-vivo (after incubation with lipopolysaccharide). Conclusion The data from this study show that CHF6001 inhaled twice daily has anti-inflammatory effects in the lungs of patients with COPD already treated with triple inhaled therapy. Trial registration The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03004417). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1142-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Oliver Kornmann
- IKF Pneumologie Frankfurt, Clinical Research Centre Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Watz
- Pulmonary Research Institute at Lung Clinic Grosshansdorf, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Aida Emirova
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi, Parma, Italy.
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32
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Jolling K, Äbelö A, Luyckx N, Nandeuil M, Govoni M, Cella M, Lindauer A. Concentration-QT Modeling Following Inhalation of the Novel Inhaled Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor CHF6001 in Healthy Volunteers Shows an Absence of QT Prolongation. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2019; 8:460-468. [PMID: 31077576 PMCID: PMC6656937 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Concentration-QTcF data obtained from two phase I studies in healthy volunteers treated with a novel phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor currently under development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were analyzed by means of mixed-effects modeling. A simple linear mixed-effects model and a more complex model that included oscillatory functions were employed and compared. The slope of the concentration-QTcF relationship was not significantly greater than 0 in both approaches, and the simulations showed that the upper limit of the 90% confidence interval around the mean ΔΔQTcF is not expected to exceed 10 ms within the range of clinically relevant concentrations. An additional simulation study confirmed the robustness of the simple linear mixed-effects model for the analysis of concentration-QT data and supported the modeling of data obtained from studies with different designs (parallel and crossover).
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Jolling
- SGSMechelenBelgium
- Present address:
qPharmetraNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Angela Äbelö
- SGSMechelenBelgium
- Present address:
PharmetheusUppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical DevelopmentChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.AParmaItaly
| | - Massimo Cella
- Global Clinical DevelopmentChiesi Farmaceutici S.p.AParmaItaly
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33
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Upadhyay KD, Dodia NM, Khunt RC, Chaniara RS, Shah AK. Evaluation and in vivo efficacy study of pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline analogues as TNF‐α inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1647-1655. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anamik K. Shah
- National Facility for Drug Discovery (NFDD) Saurashtra University Rajkot India
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34
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Dunne AE, Kawamatawong T, Fenwick PS, Davies CM, Tullett H, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Direct Inhibitory Effect of the PDE4 Inhibitor Roflumilast on Neutrophil Migration in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:445-453. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0065oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Dunne
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Theerasuk Kawamatawong
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter S. Fenwick
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri M. Davies
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Tullett
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Barnes
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise E. Donnelly
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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35
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WITHDRAWN: The modulatory effects of the PDE4 inhibitors CHF6001 and roflumilast in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue from COPD patients. Cytokine X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2019.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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36
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The PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and Th1- and Th17-polarizing cytokines in human dendritic cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:371-380. [PMID: 30851246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors are used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CHF6001 is a novel, potent and selective inhaled PDE4 inhibitor in development for the treatment of COPD. When tested in vitro on human dendritic cells (DCs), CHF6001 decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), chemokines (CXCL8, CCL3, CXCL10 and CCL19) and of Th1- and Th17-polarizing cytokines (IL-12, IL-23 and IL-1β). In contrast to β-methasone, a reference steroid anti-inflammatory drug, CHF6001 increased the secretion of CCL22, a Th2 recruiting chemokine, and the expression of the lymph node homing receptor CCR7. Accordingly, the migration of DCs to CCR7 ligands was increased, while migration to pro-inflammatory chemokines was decreased. Of note, the action of CHF6001 was apparently mediated by a promoter-specific decrease in NF-κB p65 recruitment, independent of perturbation of LPS signalling or NF-κB nuclear translocation. Our results indicate that CHF6001 can modulate DC pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 polarizing potential by fine tuning the transcriptional activity of the master inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. Therefore, CHF6001 may prove useful to control Th1/Th17-polarized inflammatory diseases such as COPD.
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37
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Ti H, Zhou Y, Liang X, Li R, Ding K, Zhao X. Targeted Treatments for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Using Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs (LMWDs). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5944-5978. [PMID: 30682248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a very common and frequently fatal airway disease. Current therapies for COPD depend mainly on long-acting bronchodilators, which cannot target the pathogenic mechanisms of chronic inflammation in COPD. New pharmaceutical therapies for the inflammatory processes of COPD are urgently needed. Several anti-inflammatory targets have been identified based on increased understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD, which raises new hopes for targeted treatment of this fatal respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in bioactive low-molecular-weight drugs (LMWDs) for the treatment of COPD and, in addition to the first-line drug bronchodilators, focus particularly on low-molecular-weight anti-inflammatory agents, including modulators of inflammatory mediators, inflammasome inhibitors, protease inhibitors, antioxidants, PDE4 inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, and other agents. We also provide new insights into targeted COPD treatments using LMWDs, particularly small-molecule agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology , Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm SE-100 44 , Sweden
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510120 , P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 511436 , P. R. China.,School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T. , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , P. R. China
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Mariotti F, Govoni M, Lucci G, Santoro D, Nandeuil MA. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and repeat ascending doses of CHF6001, a novel inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor: two randomized trials in healthy volunteers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:3399-3410. [PMID: 30425469 PMCID: PMC6203112 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s174156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of CHF6001, an inhaled phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two healthy volunteer, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were conducted. In each, Part 1 evaluated single ascending doses, with PK sampling up to 48 hours post-dose; Part 2 evaluated multiple ascending doses (Study 1, 7 days; Study 2, 14 days), with PK sampling up to 24 hours post-dose on first and last day of each period. In Study 1, treatments were administered via single-dose dry-powder inhaler (SDDPI; Aerolizer): Part 1, 20, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 2,000 µg or placebo; Part 2, 100, 300, 600, 1,200, and 1,600 µg or placebo once daily (OD). In Study 2, treatments were administered via multi-dose dry-powder inhaler (MDDPI; NEXThaler): Part 1, 2,400, 4,000, and 4,800 µg or placebo; Part 2, 1,200, 2,000, or 2,400 µg twice daily (BID) or placebo. Modeling and simulation then compared OD and BID dosing via MDDPI. RESULTS There was a clear correlation between CHF6001 dose and plasma concentration, following single and multiple doses and using SDDPI and MDDPI. CHF6001 plasma concentration area under the curve (AUC) was dose proportional, with steady state slopes of the fitted line of 0.95 (90% CI: 0.86, 1.04) for AUC0-24 h in Study 1, and 0.85 (90% CI: 0.38, 1.32) for AUC0-12 h in Study 2. Bioavailability waŝ30% higher with MDDPI than SDDPI. The PK simulation confirmed dose proportionality; the same total daily dose OD or BID via MDDPI resulted in similar 24 hours exposure, with BID dosing providing smaller fluctuation and lower maximum concentration. CHF6001 was well tolerated with no relationship between dose and adverse events. CONCLUSION CHF6001 demonstrated a good safety profile. There was a clear dose proportionality for systemic exposure, with higher bioavailability via MDDPI, suggesting that the MDDPI provides better pulmonary drug deposition. BID dosing was associated with a better exposure profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirco Govoni
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy,
| | - Germano Lucci
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy,
| | - Debora Santoro
- Global Clinical Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Parma, Italy,
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39
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Li H, Zuo J, Tang W. Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1048. [PMID: 30386231 PMCID: PMC6199465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), mainly present in immune cells, epithelial cells, and brain cells, manifests as an intracellular non-receptor enzyme that modulates inflammation and epithelial integrity. Inhibition of PDE4 is predicted to have diverse effects via the elevation of the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and the subsequent regulation of a wide array of genes and proteins. It has been identified that PDE4 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of diverse pulmonary, dermatological, and severe neurological diseases. Over the past decades, numerous PDE4 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized, among which roflumilast, apremilast, and crisaborole were approved for the treatment of inflammatory airway diseases, psoriatic arthritis, and atopic dermatitis, respectively. It is regrettable that the dramatic efficacies of a drug are often accompanied by adverse effects, such as nausea, emesis, and gastrointestinal reactions. However, substantial advances have been made to mitigate the adverse effects and obtain better benefit-to-risk ratio. This review highlights the dialectical role of PDE4 in drug discovery and the disquisitive details of certain PDE4 inhibitors to provide an overview of the topics that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammation, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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40
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Anti-inflammatory effects of the phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor CHF6001 on bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes from asthma patients. Cytokine 2018; 113:68-73. [PMID: 29934047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocytes play a key role in asthma pathophysiology, secreting various cytokines involved in chronic inflammation. CHF6001 is a highly potent and selective phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor designed for inhaled administration and has been shown to reduce the late asthmatic response. However, the effect of PDE4 inhibition on the different cytokines produced by lung lymphocytes from asthma patients has not been examined. METHODS This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of CHF6001 and the corticosteroid, 17-BMP, on T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulated Th1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine release from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from mild (n = 12) and moderate asthma (n = 12) patients. RESULTS CHF6001 inhibited IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-17, but not IL-13, secretion from both mild and moderate asthma patient BAL cells; there was a greater effect on IFNγ and IL-2 than IL-17. The corticosteroid inhibited all four cytokines from both patient groups, but was less effective in cells from more severe patients. CHF6001 had a greater inhibitory effect on IFNγ and IL-2 than 17-BMP. CONCLUSION The PDE4 inhibitor CHF6001 had a greater effect on Th1 cytokines from TCR-stimulated BAL cells than corticosteroid. This pharmacological effect suggests the therapeutic potential for PDE4 inhibitors to be used in the subset of more severe asthma patients with increased airway levels of IFNγ.
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Ghidini E, Marchini G, Capelli AM, Carnini C, Cenacchi V, Fioni A, Facchinetti F, Rancati F. Novel Pyrrolidine Derivatives of Budesonide as Long Acting Inhaled Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Pulmonary Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2018; 61:4757-4773. [PMID: 29741897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) represent the first line therapy for the treatment of asthma and are also extensively utilized in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Our goal was to develop a new ICS with a basic group, which can allow solid state feature modulation, achieving at the same time high local anti-inflammatory effect and low systemic exposure. Through a rational drug design approach, a new series of pyrrolidine derivatives of budesonide was identified. Within the series, several compounds showed nanomolar binding affinity ( Ki) with GR that mostly correlated with the effect in inducing GR nuclear translocation in CHO cells and anti-inflammatory effects in macrophagic cell lines. Binding and functional cell-based assays allowed identifying compound 17 as a potent ICS agonist with a PK profile showing an adequate lung retention and low systemic exposure in vivo. Finally, compound 17 proved to be more potent than budesonide in a rat model of acute pulmonary inflammation.
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Roberts RS, Sevilla S, Ferrer M, Taltavull J, Hernández B, Segarra V, Gràcia J, Lehner MD, Gavaldà A, Andrés M, Cabedo J, Vilella D, Eichhorn P, Calama E, Carcasona C, Miralpeix M. 4-Amino-7,8-dihydro-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6 H)-ones as Inhaled Phosphodiesterase Type 4 (PDE4) Inhibitors: Structural Biology and Structure-Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2018; 61:2472-2489. [PMID: 29502405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of a novel template of naphthyridinones rapidly led to PDE4 inhibitors with subnanomolar enzymatic potencies. X-ray crystallography confirmed the binding mode of this novel template. We achieved compounds with double-digit picomolar enzymatic potencies through further structure-based design by targeting both the PDE4 enzyme metal-binding pocket and occupying the solvent-filled pocket. A strategy for lung retention and long duration of action based on low aqueous solubility was followed. In vivo efficacies were measured in a rat lung neutrophilia model by suspension microspray and dry powder administration. Suspension microspray of potent compounds showed in vivo efficacy with a clear dose-response. Despite sustained lung levels, dry powder administration performed much less well and without proper dose-response, highlighting clear differences between the two formulations. This indicates a deficiency in the low aqueous solubility strategy for long duration lung efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Roberts
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sara Sevilla
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Manel Ferrer
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Joan Taltavull
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Begoña Hernández
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Victor Segarra
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Gràcia
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Martin D Lehner
- Bionorica SE , Kerschensteinerstraße 11-15 , 92318 Neumarkt , Germany
| | | | - Miriam Andrés
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Judit Cabedo
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Dolors Vilella
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | | | | | - Montserrat Miralpeix
- Medicinal Chemistry & Screening , ‡Pharmacokinetics & Metabolism , and §Experimental Dermatology , Almirall S.A., Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo , Crta. Laureà Miró 408-410 , Sant Feliu de Llobregat, 08980 Barcelona , Spain
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Carzaniga L, Amari G, Rizzi A, Capaldi C, De Fanti R, Ghidini E, Villetti G, Carnini C, Moretto N, Facchinetti F, Caruso P, Marchini G, Battipaglia L, Patacchini R, Cenacchi V, Volta R, Amadei F, Pappani A, Capacchi S, Bagnacani V, Delcanale M, Puccini P, Catinella S, Civelli M, Armani E. Discovery and Optimization of Thiazolidinyl and Pyrrolidinyl Derivatives as Inhaled PDE4 Inhibitors for Respiratory Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10026-10046. [PMID: 29200281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key cAMP-metabolizing enzyme involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, and its pharmacological inhibition has been shown to exert therapeutic efficacy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Herein, we describe a drug discovery program aiming at the identification of novel classes of potent PDE4 inhibitors suitable for pulmonary administration. Starting from a previous series of benzoic acid esters, we explored the chemical space in the solvent-exposed region of the enzyme catalytic binding pocket. Extensive structural modifications led to the discovery of a number of heterocycloalkyl esters as potent in vitro PDE4 inhibitors. (S*,S**)-18e and (S*,S**)-22e, in particular, exhibited optimal in vitro ADME and pharmacokinetics properties and dose-dependently counteracted acute lung eosinophilia in an experimental animal model. The optimal biological profile as well as the excellent solid-state properties suggest that both compounds have the potential to be effective topical agents for treating respiratory inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carzaniga
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Amari
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Rizzi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Carmelida Capaldi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Renato De Fanti
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ghidini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Gino Villetti
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Carnini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Nadia Moretto
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Caruso
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Gessica Marchini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Loredana Battipaglia
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Patacchini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Cenacchi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Volta
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Amadei
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Pappani
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Capacchi
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Bagnacani
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Delcanale
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Puccini
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Catinella
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Armani
- Chemistry Research and Drug Design, ∥Pharmacology and Toxicology, ‡Pharmacokinetics Biochemistry and Metabolism, †Analytics and Early Formulations, #Project Leader Corporate Drug Development, and ⊥Corporate Pre-Clinical R&D Director, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A , Nuovo Centro Ricerche, Largo Belloli 11/a, 43122 Parma, Italy
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Lakshmi SP, Reddy AT, Reddy RC. Emerging pharmaceutical therapies for COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2141-2156. [PMID: 28790817 PMCID: PMC5531723 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD, for which cigarette smoking is the major risk factor, remains a worldwide burden. Current therapies provide only limited short-term benefit and fail to halt progression. A variety of potential therapeutic targets are currently being investigated, including COPD-related proinflammatory mediators and signaling pathways. Other investigational compounds target specific aspects or complications of COPD such as mucus hypersecretion and pulmonary hypertension. Although many candidate therapies have shown no significant effects, other emerging therapies have improved lung function, pulmonary hypertension, glucocorticoid sensitivity, and/or the frequency of exacerbations. Among these are compounds that inhibit the CXCR2 receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase/Src kinase, myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, selectins, and the endothelin receptor. Activation of certain transcription factors may also be relevant, as a large retrospective cohort study of COPD patients with diabetes found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists rosiglitazone and pioglitazone were associated with reduced COPD exacerbation rate. Notably, several therapies have shown efficacy only in identifiable subgroups of COPD patients, suggesting that subgroup identification may become more important in future treatment strategies. This review summarizes the status of emerging therapeutic pharmaceuticals for COPD and highlights those that appear most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya P Lakshmi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aravind T Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raju C Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.,Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Kistemaker LEM, Oenema TA, Baarsma HA, Bos IST, Schmidt M, Facchinetti F, Civelli M, Villetti G, Gosens R. The PDE4 inhibitor CHF-6001 and LAMAs inhibit bronchoconstriction-induced remodeling in lung slices. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L507-L515. [PMID: 28596292 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00069.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy of PDE4 inhibitors and anticholinergics induces bronchoprotection in COPD. Mechanical forces that arise during bronchoconstriction may contribute to airway remodeling. Therefore, we investigated the impact of PDE4 inhibitors and anticholinergics on bronchoconstriction-induced remodeling. Because of the different mechanism of action of PDE4 inhibitors and anticholinergics, we hypothesized functional interactions of these two drug classes. Guinea pig precision-cut lung slices were preincubated with the PDE4 inhibitors CHF-6001 or roflumilast and/or the anticholinergics tiotropium or glycopyorrolate, followed by stimulation with methacholine (10 μM) or TGF-β1 (2 ng/ml) for 48 h. The inhibitory effects on airway smooth muscle remodeling, airway contraction, and TGF-β release were investigated. Methacholine-induced protein expression of smooth muscle-myosin was fully inhibited by CHF-6001 (0.3-100 nM), whereas roflumilast (1 µM) had smaller effects. Tiotropium and glycopyrrolate fully inhibited methacholine-induced airway remodeling (0.1-30 nM). The combination of CHF-6001 and tiotropium or glycopyrrolate, in concentrations partially effective by themselves, fully inhibited methacholine-induced remodeling in combination. CHF-6001 did not affect airway closure and had limited effects on TGF-β1-induced remodeling, but rather, it inhibited methacholine-induced TGF-β release. The PDE4 inhibitor CHF-6001, and to a lesser extent roflumilast, and the LAMAs tiotropium and glycopyrrolate inhibit bronchoconstriction-induced remodeling. The combination of CHF-6001 and anticholinergics was more effective than the individual compounds. This cooperativity might be explained by the distinct mechanisms of action inhibiting TGF-β release and bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; .,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Research and Development, Aquilo, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Tjitske A Oenema
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hoeke A Baarsma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Facchinetti
- Corporate Pre-clinical Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Civelli
- Corporate Pre-clinical Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Gino Villetti
- Corporate Pre-clinical Research and Development, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Parma, Italy
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kim HP, Lim H, Kwon YS. Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Constituents on Lung Inflammatory Disorders. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:91-104. [PMID: 27956716 PMCID: PMC5340533 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) are essentially lung inflammatory disorders. Various plant extracts and their constituents showed therapeutic effects on several animal models of lung inflammation. These include coumarins, flavonoids, phenolics, iridoids, monoterpenes, diterpenes and triterpenoids. Some of them exerted inhibitory action mainly by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and nuclear transcription factor-κB activation. Especially, many flavonoid derivatives distinctly showed effectiveness on lung inflammation. In this review, the experimental data for plant extracts and their constituents showing therapeutic effectiveness on animal models of lung inflammation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341,
Republic of Korea
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47
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Thomson NC. New and developing non-adrenoreceptor small molecule drugs for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017; 18:283-293. [PMID: 28099820 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2017.1284794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or in combination with an inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist (LABA) are the preferred long-term treatment for adults and adolescents with symptomatic asthma. Additional drugs include leukotriene-receptor antagonists, slow-release theophylline and the long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) tiotropium (approved in 2015). There is a need for more effective therapies, as many patients continue to have poorly controlled asthma. Areas covered: New and developing long-acting non-adrenoreceptor synthetic drugs for the treatment of symptomatic chronic asthma despite treatment with an ICS alone or combined with a LABA. Data was reviewed from studies published up until November 2016. Expert opinion: Tiotropium improves lung function and has a modest effect in reducing exacerbations when added to ICS alone or ICS and LABA. The LAMAs umeclidinium and glycopyrronium are under development in fixed dose combination with ICS and LABA. Novel small molecule drugs, such as CRTH2 receptor antagonists, PDE4 inhibitors, protein kinase inhibitors and nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor agonists and 'off-label' use of licensed drugs, such as macrolides and statins are under investigation for asthma, although their effectiveness in clinical practice is not established. To better achieve the goal of developing effective novel small molecule drugs for asthma will require greater understanding of mechanisms of disease and the different phenotypes and endotypes of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Thomson
- a Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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48
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Thomson NC. New and developing non-adrenoreceptor small molecule drugs for the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.10.1080/14656566.2017.1284794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Thomson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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New Anti-inflammatory Drugs for COPD: Is There a Possibility of Developing Drugs That Can Fundamentally Suppress Inflammation? RESPIRATORY DISEASE SERIES: DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND DISEASE MANAGEMENTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-0839-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nunes IKDC, de Souza ET, Cardozo SVS, Carvalho VDF, Romeiro NC, Silva PMRE, Martins MA, Barreiro EJ, Lima LM. Synthesis, Pharmacological Profile and Docking Studies of New Sulfonamides Designed as Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162895. [PMID: 27695125 PMCID: PMC5047629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior investigations showed that increased levels of cyclic AMP down-regulate lung inflammatory changes, stimulating the interest in phosphodiesterase (PDE)4 as therapeutic target. Here, we described the synthesis, pharmacological profile and docking properties of a novel sulfonamide series (5 and 6a-k) designed as PDE4 inhibitors. Compounds were screened for their selectivity against the four isoforms of human PDE4 using an IMAP fluorescence polarized protocol. The effect on allergen- or LPS-induced lung inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) was studied in A/J mice, while the xylazine/ketamine-induced anesthesia test was employed as a behavioral correlate of emesis in rodents. As compared to rolipram, the most promising screened compound, 6a (LASSBio-448) presented a better inhibitory index concerning PDE4D/PDE4A or PDE4D/PDE4B. Accordingly, docking analyses of the putative interactions of LASSBio-448 revealed similar poses in the active site of PDE4A and PDE4C, but slight unlike orientations in PDE4B and PDE4D. LASSBio-448 (100 mg/kg, oral), 1 h before provocation, inhibited allergen-induced eosinophil accumulation in BAL fluid and lung tissue samples. Under an interventional approach, LASSBio-448 reversed ongoing lung eosinophilic infiltration, mucus exacerbation, peribronchiolar fibrosis and AHR by allergen provocation, in a mechanism clearly associated with blockade of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and eotaxin-2. LASSBio-448 (2.5 and 10 mg/kg) also prevented inflammation and AHR induced by LPS. Finally, the sulfonamide derivative was shown to be less pro-emetic than rolipram and cilomilast in the assay employed. These findings suggest that LASSBio-448 is a new PDE4 inhibitor with marked potential to prevent and reverse pivotal pathological features of diseases characterized by lung inflammation, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Karine da Costa Nunes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Everton Tenório de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Suzana Vanessa S. Cardozo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Vinicius de Frias Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Patrícia Machado Rodrigues e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Laborat×rio de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: (LML); (MAM)
| | - Eliezer J. Barreiro
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Lídia Moreira Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Fármacos e Medicamentos (INCT-INOFAR). Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio®), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- * E-mail: (LML); (MAM)
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