1
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Li J, Hu X, Xie Z, Li J, Huang C, Huang Y. Overview of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in metabolic diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116809. [PMID: 38810400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
GDF15 is a stress response cytokine and a distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily, its levels increase in response to cell stress and certain diseases in the serum. To exert its effects, GDF15 binds to glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL), which was firstly identified in 2017 and highly expressed in the brain stem. Many studies have demonstrated that elevated serum GDF15 is associated with anorexia and weight loss. Herein, we focus on the biology of GDF15, specifically how this circulating protein regulates appetite and metabolism in influencing energy homeostasis through its actions on hindbrain neurons to shed light on its impact on diseases such as obesity and anorexia/cachexia syndromes. It works as an endocrine factor and transmits metabolic signals leading to weight reduction effects by directly reducing appetite and indirectly affecting food intake through complex mechanisms, which could be a promising target for the treatment of energy-intake disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Kidney Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Xiangjun Hu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zichuan Xie
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajin Li
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Health Management Center, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Wan Y, Fu J. GDF15 as a key disease target and biomarker: linking chronic lung diseases and ageing. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:453-466. [PMID: 37093513 PMCID: PMC10123484 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily, is expressed in several human organs. In particular, it is highly expressed in the placenta, prostate, and liver. The expression of GDF15 increases under cellular stress and pathological conditions. Although numerous transcription factors directly up-regulate the expression of GDF15, the receptors and downstream mediators of GDF15 signal transduction in most tissues have not yet been determined. Glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor α-like protein was recently identified as a specific receptor that plays a mediating role in anorexia. However, the specific receptors of GDF15 in other tissues and organs remain unclear. As a marker of cell stress, GDF15 appears to exert different effects under different pathological conditions. Cell senescence may be an important pathogenetic process and could be used to assess the progression of various lung diseases, including COVID-19. As a key member of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype protein repertoire, GDF15 seems to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, although the specific molecular mechanism linking GDF15 expression with ageing remains to be elucidated. Here, we focus on research progress linking GDF15 expression with the pathogenesis of various chronic lung diseases, including neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary hypertension, suggesting that GDF15 may be a key biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis. Thus, in this review, we aimed to provide new insights into the molecular biological mechanism and emerging clinical data associated with GDF15 in lung-related diseases, while highlighting promising research and clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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3
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Marotta C, Giorgi E, Binacchi F, Cirri D, Gabbiani C, Pratesi A. An overview of recent advancements in anticancer Pt(IV) prodrugs: New smart drug combinations, activation and delivery strategies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Muniyan S, Pothuraju R, Seshacharyulu P, Batra SK. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in cancer: Beyond the cellular phenotype. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215664. [PMID: 35351601 PMCID: PMC9088220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite technological advances in diagnostic abilities and improved treatment methods, the burden of cancers remains high, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. One primary reason is that cancer cell secretory factors modulate the tumor microenvironment, supporting tumor growth and circumvents anticancer activities of conventional therapies. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine elevated in various cancers. MIC-1 regulates various cancer hallmarks, including sustained proliferation, tumor-promoting inflammation, avoiding immune destruction, inducing invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resisting cell death. Despite these facts, the molecular regulation and downstream signaling of MIC-1 in cancer remain elusive, partly because its receptor (GFRAL) was unknown until recently. Binding of MIC-1 to GFRAL recruits the coreceptor tyrosine kinase RET to execute its downstream signaling. So far, studies have shown that GFRAL expression is restricted to the brain stem and is responsible for MIC-1/GFRAL/RET-mediated metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, abundant levels of MIC-1 expression have been reported in all cancer types and have been proposed as a surrogate biomarker. Given the ubiquitous expression of MIC-1 in cancers, it is crucial to understand both upstream regulation and downstream MIC-1/GFRAL/RET signaling in cancer hallmark traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Muniyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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5
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Jha AK, Gairola S, Kundu S, Doye P, Syed AM, Ram C, Kulhari U, Kumar N, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity of Nootkatone: A Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2244-2259. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220214092005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Plant-based drugs have a significant impact on modern therapeutics due to their vast array of pharmacological activities. The integration of herbal plants in the current healthcare system has emerged as a new field of research. It can be used for the identification of novel lead compound candidates for future drug development. Nootkatone is a sesquiterpene derivative and an isolate of grapefruit. Shreds of evidence illustrate that nootkatone targets few molecular mechanisms to exhibit its pharmacological activity and yet needs more exploration to be established. The current review is related to nootkatone, drafted through a literature search using research articles and books from different sources, including Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, and Scopus. It has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective. Although preclinical studies in experimental animal models suggest that nootkatone has therapeutic potential, it is further warranted to evaluate its toxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters before being applied to humans. Hence in the present review, we have summarized the scientific knowledge on nootkatone with a particular emphasis on its pharmacological properties to encourage researchers for further exploration in preclinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Pakpi Doye
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Uttam Kulhari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
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6
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Hara-Yamamura H, Nakashima K, Fukushima T, Okabe S. Transcriptomic response of HepG2 cells exposed to three common anti-inflammatory drugs: Ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, and diclofenac in domestic wastewater effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131715. [PMID: 34388874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological impacts of residual pharmaceuticals in the complex wastewater effluents have not been fully understood. Here, we investigated changes in the transcriptomic responses of hepatobrastoma (HepG2) cells exposed to a single or partially combined three common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); ketoprofen (KPF), mefenamic acid (MFA) and diclofenac (DCF), in domestic wastewater effluents. After 48 h sub-lethal exposure to single compounds, the DNA microarray analysis identified 57-184 differently expressed genes (DEGs). The hierarchical clustering analysis and GO enrichment of the DEGs showed that gene expression profiles of the NSAIDs were distinct from each other although they are classified into the same therapeutic category. Four maker genes (i.e., EGR1, AQP3, SQSTM1, and NAG1) were further selected from the common DEGs, and their expressions were quantified by qPCR assay in a dose-dependent manner (ranging from μg/L to mg/L). The results revealed the insignificant induction of the marker genes at 1 μg/L of KPF, MFA, and DCF, suggesting negligible biological impacts of the NSAIDs on gene expression (early cellular responses) of HepG2 at typical concentration levels found in the actual wastewater effluents. Based on the quantitative expression analysis of the selected marker genes, the present study indicated that the presence of wastewater effluent matrix may mitigate the potentially adverse cellular impacts of the NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Hara-Yamamura
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Koji Nakashima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Toshikazu Fukushima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
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7
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Jiang WW, Zhang ZZ, He PP, Jiang LP, Chen JZ, Zhang XT, Hu M, Zhang YK, Ouyang XP. Emerging roles of growth differentiation factor-15 in brain disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1270. [PMID: 34594407 PMCID: PMC8456456 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and cerebral stroke, are an important contributor to mortality and disability worldwide, where their pathogenesis is currently a topic of intense research. The mechanisms underlying the development of brain disorders are complex and vary widely, including aberrant protein aggregation, ischemic cell necrosis and neuronal dysfunction. Previous studies have found that the expression and function of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is closely associated with the incidence of brain disorders. GDF15 is a member of the TGFβ superfamily, which is a dimer-structured stress-response protein. The expression of GDF15 is regulated by a number of proteins upstream, including p53, early growth response-1, non-coding RNAs and hormones. In particular, GDF15 has been reported to serve an important role in regulating angiogenesis, apoptosis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. For example, GDF15 can promote angiogenesis by promoting the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and fat metabolism in fasted mice, and GDF15 can decrease the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. The present article reviews the structure and biosynthesis of GDF15, in addition to the possible roles of GDF15 in Alzheimer's disease, cerebral stroke and Parkinson's disease. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the mechanism underlying the role of GDF15 in various brain disorders, which hopes to provide evidence and guide the prevention and treatment of these debilitating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Medical Humanities, School of Medicine, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Centre for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Nursing School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hunan Taihe Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410004, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Zhi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Ting Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Mi Hu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Kai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience Research, Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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8
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Aguilar-Recarte D, Barroso E, Gumà A, Pizarro-Delgado J, Peña L, Ruart M, Palomer X, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M. GDF15 mediates the metabolic effects of PPARβ/δ by activating AMPK. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109501. [PMID: 34380027 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and plays a crucial role in glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we examine whether PPARβ/δ activation effects depend on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a stress response cytokine that regulates energy metabolism. Pharmacological PPARβ/δ activation increases GDF15 levels and ameliorates glucose intolerance, fatty acid oxidation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, and activates AMPK in HFD-fed mice, whereas these effects are abrogated by the injection of a GDF15 neutralizing antibody and in Gdf15-/- mice. The AMPK-p53 pathway is involved in the PPARβ/δ-mediated increase in GDF15, which in turn activates again AMPK. Consistently, Gdf15-/- mice show reduced AMPK activation in skeletal muscle, whereas GDF15 administration results in AMPK activation in this organ. Collectively, these data reveal a mechanism by which PPARβ/δ activation increases GDF15 levels via AMPK and p53, which in turn mediates the metabolic effects of PPARβ/δ by sustaining AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aguilar-Recarte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pizarro-Delgado
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lucía Peña
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria Ruart
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore 308232, Singapore; ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, UMR1331, 31300 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
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9
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Abstract
GDF15 is a cell activation and stress response cytokine of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family within the TGF-β superfamily. It acts through a recently identified orphan member of the GFRα family called GFRAL and signals through the Ret coreceptor. Cell stress and disease lead to elevated GDF15 serum levels, causing anorexia, weight loss, and alterations to metabolism, largely by actions on regions of the hindbrain. These changes restore homeostasis and, in the case of obesity, cause a reduction in adiposity. In some diseases, such as advanced cancer, serum GDF15 levels can rise by as much as 10-100-fold, leading to an anorexia-cachexia syndrome, which is often fatal. This review discusses how GDF15 regulates appetite and metabolism, the role it plays in resistance to obesity, and how this impacts diseases such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and anorexia-cachexia syndrome. It also discusses potential therapeutic applications of targeting the GDF15-GFRAL pathway and lastly suggests some potential unifying hypotheses for its biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Breit
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
| | - David A Brown
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; .,New South Wales Health Pathology, Institute of Clinical Pathology Research, and Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Vicky Wang-Wei Tsai
- St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ,
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10
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Zheng X, Ma N, Wang X, Hu J, Ma X, Wang J, Cao B. Exosomes derived from 5-fluorouracil-resistant colon cancer cells are enriched in GDF15 and can promote angiogenesis. J Cancer 2020; 11:7116-7126. [PMID: 33193874 PMCID: PMC7646166 DOI: 10.7150/jca.49224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is important for tumor proliferation and distant metastasis. However, the role of drug-resistant tumor cells in angiogenesis remains largely unknown. Current anti-angiogenic strategies also have limitations and it would be useful to develop novel targets and treatment strategies. Methods: Differential ultracentrifugation was used to isolate conditioned medium-derived exosomes from 5-flurouracil (5-FU)-sensitive or -resistant colon cancer cells. Exosome endocytosis into human umbilical vein endothelial cells was observed via immunofluorescence. Differentially expressed proteins in the exosomes were confirmed via qRT-PCR and Western blotting. The angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells was evaluated using cell function assays and a rat model of abdominal aortic neovascularization. The underlying mechanisms were verified using qRT-PCR and Western blotting assays. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate in vivo angiogenesis. Results: We observed that the conditioned medium and exosomes from 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells could promote angiogenesis. Exosomal growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was a potent inducer of this angiogenesis in vitro by inhibiting the Smad signaling pathway, thus increasing periostin (POSTN) levels. Moreover, 5-FU-resistant colon cancer cells showed high microvascular density in vivo. TGF-β1, an activator of the Smad signaling pathway, could partly eliminate those effects. Conclusions: Our study reveals the molecular regulation of angiogenesis in 5-FU-resistant colon cancer and suggests that the GDF15-POSTN axis may be a novel target for anti-angiogenic therapies in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Nina Ma
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiexuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingting Wang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing, 100050, China
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11
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Yoo E, Lee J, Lertpatipanpong P, Ryu J, Kim CT, Park EY, Baek SJ. Anti-proliferative activity of A. Oxyphylla and its bioactive constituent nootkatone in colorectal cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:881. [PMID: 32928152 PMCID: PMC7491188 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A. oxyphylla extract is known to possess a wide range of pharmacological activites. However, the molecular mechanism of A. oxyphylla and its bioactive compound nootkatone in colorectal cancer is unknown. Methods Our study aims to examine the role of A. oxyphylla and its bioactive compound nootkatone, in tumor suppression using several in vitro assays. Results Both A. oxyphylla extract and nootkatone exhibited antiproliferative activity in colorectal cancer cells. A. oxyphylla displayed antioxidant activity in colorectal cancer cells, likely mediated via induction of HO-1. Furthermore, expression of pro-apoptotic protein NAG-1 and cell proliferative protein cyclin D1 were increased and decreased respectively in the presence of A. oxyphylla. When examined for anticancer activity, nootkatone treatment resulted in the reduction of colony and spheroid formation. Correspondingly, nootkatone also led to increased NAG-1 expression and decreased cyclin D1 expression. The mechanism by which nootkatone suppresses cyclin D1 involves protein level regulation, whereas nootkatone increases NAG-1 expression at the transcriptional level. In addition to having PPARγ binding activity, nootkatone also increases EGR-1 expression which ultimately results in enhanced NAG-1 promoter activity. Conclusion In summary, our findings suggest that nootkatone is an anti-tumorigenic compound harboring antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Yoo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jaehak Lee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Pattawika Lertpatipanpong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Junsun Ryu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Chong-Tai Kim
- R&D Center, EastHill Co. 33, Omokcheon-ro 132 beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16642, South Korea
| | - Eul-Yong Park
- R&D Center, EastHill Co. 33, Omokcheon-ro 132 beon-gil, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16642, South Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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12
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Ravera M, Zanellato I, Gabano E, Perin E, Rangone B, Coppola M, Osella D. Antiproliferative Activity of Pt(IV) Conjugates Containing the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Ketoprofen and Naproxen †. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3074. [PMID: 31238499 PMCID: PMC6627341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proven to act synergistically or at least additively on several tumor cell lines. Dual-action cisplatin-based Pt(IV) combos containing ketoprofen and naproxen offer good antiproliferative performance on a panel of human tumor cell lines, including a malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) one, a very chemoresistant tumor. The main reason of the increased activity relies on the enhanced lipophilicity of these Pt(IV) conjugates that in turn promotes increased cellular accumulation. A quick Pt(IV)→Pt(II) reduction generates the active cisplatin metabolite. The NSAID adjuvant action seems to be almost independent from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the tumor cells under investigation (lung A-549, colon HT-29, HCT 116, SW480, ovarian A2780, and biphasic MPM MSTO-211H), but it seems to rely (at least in part) on the activation of the NSAID activated gene, NAG-1 (a member of the transforming growth factor beta, TGF-β, superfamily), which has been suggested to be involved in NSAID antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elena Perin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Rangone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Marco Coppola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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13
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Fang L, Li F, Gu C. GDF-15: A Multifunctional Modulator and Potential Therapeutic Target in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:654-662. [PMID: 30947652 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190402101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Various pathological processes are associated with the aberrant expression and function of cytokines, especially those belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family. Nevertheless, the functions of members of the TGF-β family in cancer progression and therapy are still uncertain. Growth differentiation factor- 15, which exists in intracellular and extracellular forms, is classified as a divergent member of the TGF-β superfamily. It has been indicated that GDF-15 is also connected to the evolution of cancer both positively and negatively depending upon the cellular state and environment. Under normal physiological conditions, GDF-15 inhibits early tumour promotion. However, its abnormal expression in advanced cancers causes proliferation, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cell formation, immune escape and a reduced response to therapy. As a clinical indicator, GDF-15 can be used as a tool for the diagnosis and therapy of an extensive scope of cancers. Although some basic functions of GDF-15 are noncontroversial, their mechanisms remain unclear and complicated at the molecular level. Therefore, GDF-15 needs to be further explored and reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Fengzhou Li
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
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14
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Desmedt S, Desmedt V, De Vos L, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. Growth differentiation factor 15: A novel biomarker with high clinical potential. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:333-350. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1615034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Valérie Desmedt
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen De Vos
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Marijn M. Speeckaert
- Department of Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Lee JC, Koh SA, Lee KH, Kim JR. BAG3 contributes to HGF-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion via the Egr1 pathway in gastric cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 105:63-75. [PMID: 30514177 DOI: 10.1177/0300891618811274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) is elevated in several types of cancers. However, the role of BAG3 in progression of gastric cancer is unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to find out the role of BAG3 in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated tumor progression and the molecular mechanisms by which HGF regulates BAG3 expression. METHODS: BAG3 mRNA and protein were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in the 2 human gastric cancer cell lines, NUGC3 and MKN28, treated with or without HGF. The effects of BAG3 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell invasion, and apoptosis were analyzed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, the in vitro 2-chamber invasion assay, and flow cytometry in BAG3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-transfected cells and control cells. The signaling pathways involved in BAG3 that are regulated by HGF were analyzed. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was used to determine binding of Egr1 to the BAG3 promoter. RESULTS: BAG3 mRNA and protein levels were increased following treatment with HGF. HGF-mediated BAG3 upregulation increased cell proliferation and cell invasion; however, it decreased apoptosis. HGF-mediated BAG3 upregulation is regulated by an ERK and Egr1-dependent pathway. BAG3 may have an important role in HGF-mediated cell proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer through an ERK and Egr1-dependent pathway. CONCLUSION: This pathway may provide novel therapeutic targets and provide information for further identification of other targets of therapeutic significance in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Chang Lee
- 1 Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ae Koh
- 1 Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- 1 Department of Hematology-Oncology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- 2 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,3 Smart-aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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16
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The Ambivalent Function of YAP in Apoptosis and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123770. [PMID: 30486435 PMCID: PMC6321280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yes-associated protein, a core regulator of the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway, plays a vital role in inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, several studies and reviews suggest that yes-associated protein is a good target for treating cancer. Unfortunately, more and more evidence demonstrates that this protein is also an essential contributor of p73-mediated apoptosis. This questions the concept that yes-associated protein is always a good target for developing novel anti-cancer drugs. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical relevance of yes-associated protein for cancer pathophysiology. This review also summarized the molecules, processes and drugs, which regulate Hippo-YAP signaling and discusses their effect on apoptosis. In addition, issues are defined, which should be addressed in the future in order to provide a solid basis for targeting the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway in clinical trials.
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17
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Wu K, Na K, Chen D, Wang Y, Pan H, Wang X. Effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 on Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides-induced apoptosis of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:2356-2368. [PMID: 30272272 PMCID: PMC6203158 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLP) has been demonstrated to elicit antitumorigenic and proapoptotic activities in cancer; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of GLP have yet to be elucidated. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) has been reported to exert proapoptotic effects and therefore, may serve an important role in cancer prevention. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which GLP stimulates anticancer activity in human prostate cancer (PCa) PC-3 cells. In addition, the role of NAG-1 in GLP-induced cancer inhibition was examined. The results of the present study demonstrated that GLP significantly inhibited cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner in PC-3 cells. Flow cytometry indicated that GLP induced late apoptosis, which was accompanied by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP) cleavage, and inhibition of pro-caspase-3, -6 and -9 protein expression. Furthermore, it was observed that the expression levels of NAG-1, and its transcriptional factor early growth response-1, were upregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner upon GLP treatment. The results of a luciferase assay demonstrated that GLP induced the promoter activity of NAG-1, thus indicating that NAG-1 may be transcriptionally regulated by GLP. The secretion of NAG-1 proteins into the cell culture medium was also upregulated upon GLP treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of NAG-1 expression by small interfering RNA significantly, but not completely, prevented GLP-induced apoptosis, and reversed the effects of GLP on PARP and pro-caspase expression. It was further demonstrated that GLP inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in PC-3 cells. The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to report that GLP may induce apoptosis of PCa cells, which is partially mediated through NAG-1 induction. The present findings may be helpful in elucidating the anticancer mechanisms of GLP through NAG-1 induction for its chemopreventive potential in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Kun Na
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Dian Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Yujie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
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18
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The MIC-1/GDF15-GFRAL Pathway in Energy Homeostasis: Implications for Obesity, Cachexia, and Other Associated Diseases. Cell Metab 2018; 28:353-368. [PMID: 30184485 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MIC-1/GDF15 is a stress response cytokine and a distant member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) superfamily, with no close relatives. It acts via a recently identified receptor called glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL), which is a distant orphan member of the GDNF receptor family that signals through the tyrosine kinase receptor Ret. MIC-1/GDF15 expression and serum levels rise in response to many stimuli that initiate cell stress and as part of a wide variety of disease processes, most prominently cancer and cardiovascular disease. The best documented actions of MIC-1/GDF15 are on regulation of energy homeostasis. When MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels are substantially elevated in diseases like cancer, it subverts a physiological pathway of appetite regulation to induce an anorexia/cachexia syndrome initiated by its actions on hindbrain neurons. These effects make it a potential target for the treatment of both obesity and anorexia/cachexia syndromes, disorders lacking any highly effective, readily accessible therapies.
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19
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Lu X, He X, Su J, Wang J, Liu X, Xu K, De W, Zhang E, Guo R, Shi YE. EZH2-Mediated Epigenetic Suppression of GDF15 Predicts a Poor Prognosis and Regulates Cell Proliferation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:309-318. [PMID: 30195769 PMCID: PMC6031151 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the TGF-β superfamily of cytokines, has been reported to exert very heterogeneous functions in various tumors. However, its expression and roles in mediating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression remain unknown. In this study, we found that GDF15 is downregulated in paired NSCLC tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcomes in NSCLC. A functional experiment demonstrated that overexpression of GDF15 significantly repressed NSCLC proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies reveal that inhibition of EZH2 expression prevented its binding to the GDF15 promoter region and reduced the trimethylation modification pattern of H3K27. Together, our data uncover that GDF15 is a direct target of EZH2 and, as a regulator of proliferation, might serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and target for new therapies in human NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyi Lu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214400, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xinyin Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei De
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Erbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Yuenian Eric Shi
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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20
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Abstract
Moonlighting proteins exhibit multiple activities in different cellular compartments, and their abnormal regulation could play an important role in many diseases. To date, many proteins have been identified with moonlighting activity, and more such proteins are being gradually identified. Among the proteins that possess moonlighting activity, several secreted proteins exhibit multiple activities in different cellular locations, such as the extracellular matrix, nucleus, and cytoplasm. While acute inflammation starts rapidly and generally disappears in a few days, chronic inflammation can last for months or years. This is generally because of the failure to eliminate the cause of inflammation, along with repeated exposure to the inflammatory agent. Chronic inflammation is now considered as an overwhelming burden to the general wellbeing of patients and noted as an underlying cause of several diseases. Moonlighting proteins can contribute to the process of chronic inflammation; therefore, it is imperative to overview some proteins that exhibit multiple functions in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will focus on inflammation, particularly unravelling several well-known secreted proteins with multiple functions in different cellular locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junsun Ryu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Thyroid Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Wang T, Mao B, Cheng C, Zou Z, Gao J, Yang Y, Lei T, Qi X, Yuan Z, Xu W, Lu Z. YAP promotes breast cancer metastasis by repressing growth differentiation factor-15. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1744-1753. [PMID: 29499325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP) has been implicated as an oncogene and is found to promote breast cancer metastasis. However, the pro-metastatic mechanism of YAP remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that YAP functions as a transcriptional repressor of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15), a divergent member of the transforming growth factor superfamily, in several breast cancer cell lines. Functionally, knockdown of YAP decreased, whereas knockdown of GDF15 increased, the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. More than that, the reduced metastasis in YAP-depleted cells could be reversed by simultaneous knockdown of GDF15. Mechanistically, the repressive effect of YAP on GDF15 requires its transcriptional factor TEAD (TEA domain family). In addition, YAP recruits polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to tri-methylate histone H3 lysine 27 in the promoter region of GDF15. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that YAP and enhancer of zeste 2 PRC2 subunit (EZH2) physically interact with each other. In conclusion, our data reveal that YAP promotes metastasis of breast cancer cells by repressing GDF15 transcription and present a novel molecular mechanism underlying the pro-metastasis function of YAP oncoprotein, with the implication of a therapeutic avenue for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beibei Mao
- State key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- General Surgery Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Zou
- State key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junling Gao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanglu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tong Lei
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China; Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.
| | - Wentong Xu
- General Surgery Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Pang Y, Zhao J, Fowdur M, Liu Y, Wu H, He M. To Explore the Mechanism of the GRM4 Gene in Osteosarcoma by RNA Sequencing and Bioinformatics Approach. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2018; 24:16-25. [PMID: 29339716 PMCID: PMC5782838 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.908107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamate metabotropic receptor 4 (GRM4) has been correlated with the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. The objective of this study was to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of GRM4 in osteosarcoma. Material/Methods The expression levels of GRM4 in four human osteosarcoma cell lines and hFOB1.19 cells were examined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The U2OS cells of the highest GRM4 expression were transfected with lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA). The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after GRM4 gene silencing were screened through RNA sequencing, and analyzed by bioinformatics. Additionally, the transcription factors (TFs) targeting GRM4 were predicted and the downstream protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the bioinformatics approach. Results A total of 51 significant DEGs were obtained, including 14 upregulated and 37 downregulated DEGs. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs indicated that four significant enrichment pathways were obtained. A total of six TFs that could be involved in the transcriptional regulation of GRM4 were detected. The results showed that 182 genes in the PPI network were significantly enriched in 14 pathways. The chemokines and chemokine receptors were found to be significantly enriched in three pathways. Conclusions The DEGs in the four significant enrichment pathways might participate in the development and progression of osteosarcoma through GRM4. The results revealed that EGR1 and CTCF are probably involved in the transcriptional regulation of GRM4, which participates in the progress of osteosarcoma by interacting with chemokines and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunguo Pang
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Department of Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Mitra Fowdur
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Liu
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Wu
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Maolin He
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland).,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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23
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Han M, Dai D, Yousafzai NA, Wang F, Wang H, Zhou Q, Lu H, Xu W, Feng L, Jin H, Wang X. CXXC4 activates apoptosis through up-regulating GDF15 in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:103557-103567. [PMID: 29262584 PMCID: PMC5732750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, gastric cancer is one of the most fatal cancers. Epigenetic alterations in gastric cancer play important roles in silencing of tumor suppressor genes. We previously found that CXXC finger protein 4 (CXXC4) was a novel tumor suppressor in gastric cancer. In this report, we demonstrated that CXXC4 inhibited growth of gastric cancer cells as a pro-apoptotic factor. This inhibition could be reversed by the pan-caspase inhibitor called Z-VAD-FMK. However, CXXC4 with mutations in its DNA binding domain failed to induce apoptosis. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) was identified as one of potential targets responsible for CXXC4-induced apoptosis. CXXC4 activated GDF15 transcription through enhancing the interaction of transcription factor Sp1 with GDF15 promoter. In summary, the nuclear protein CXXC4 activated apoptosis in gastric cancer through up-regulating its novel potential downstream target GDF15. GDF15 might be a promising target for clinical treatment of gastric cancer with CXXC4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongjun Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Neelum Aziz Yousafzai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faliang Wang
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiying Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiqi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Xu
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Feng
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongchuan Jin
- Labortaory of Cancer Biology, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Ma Z, Huang H, Wang J, Zhou Y, Pu F, Zhao Q, Peng P, Hui B, Ji H, Wang K. Long non-coding RNA SNHG15 inhibits P15 and KLF2 expression to promote pancreatic cancer proliferation through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84153-84167. [PMID: 29137412 PMCID: PMC5663584 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is emerging as an critical regulator in multiple cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Recently, lncRNA SNHG15 was found to be up-regulated in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, exerting oncogenic effects. Nevertheless, the biological function and regulatory mechanism of SNHG15 remain unclear in pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we reported that SNHG15 expression was also upregulated in PC tissues, and its overexpression was remarkably associated with tumor size, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis in patients with PC. SNHG15 knockdown inhibited proliferative capacities and suppressed apoptotic rate of PC cells in vitro, and impaired in-vivo tumorigenicity. Additionally, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays showed that SNHG15 epigenetically repressed the P15 and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) expression via binding to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (CHIP) assays demonstrated that EZH2 was capable of binding to promoter regions of P15 and KLF2 to induce histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Furthermore, rescue experiments indicated that SNHG15 oncogenic function partially involved P15 and KLF2 repression. Consistently, an inverse correlation between the expression of SNHG15 and traget genes were found in PC tissues. Our results reported that SNHG15 could act as an oncogene in PC, revealing its potential value as a biomarker for early detection and individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi 214200, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxing Pu
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Oncology, Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingqing Hui
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Keming Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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25
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NSAID-activated gene 1 and its implications for mucosal integrity and intervention beyond NSAIDs. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Božić B, Rogan J, Poleti D, Rančić M, Trišović N, Božić B, Ušćumlić G. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity of 2-(5-arylidene-2,4-dioxotetrahydrothiazole-3-yl)propanoic acid derivatives. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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27
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Li C, Wang J, Kong J, Tang J, Wu Y, Xu E, Zhang H, Lai M. GDF15 promotes EMT and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:860-72. [PMID: 26497212 PMCID: PMC4808038 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer deaths, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been considered to be a fundamental event in cancer metastasis. However, the role of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis and EMT remains poorly understood. Here, we showed that GDF15 promoted CRC cell metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the EMT process was enhanced by GDF15 through binding to TGF-β receptor to activate Smad2 and Smad3 pathways. Clinical data showed GDF15 level in tumor tissues, and the serum was significantly increased, in which high GDF15 level correlated with a reduced overall survival in CRC. Thus, GDF15 may promote colorectal cancer metastasis through activating EMT. Promisingly, GDF15 could be considered as a novel prognostic marker for CRC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Constructing Discipline by Zhejiang Province and Jiaxing City, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jianlu Kong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jinlong Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Enping Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, PR China
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28
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Choi HJ, Do KH, Park JH, Kim J, Yu M, Park SH, Moon Y. Early Epithelial Restitution by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug–Activated Gene 1 Counteracts Intestinal Ulcerative Injuries. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1415-24. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Guo J, Bian Y, Wang Y, Chen L, Yu A, Sun X. S100A4 influences cancer stem cell-like properties of MGC803 gastric cancer cells by regulating GDF15 expression. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:559-68. [PMID: 27278086 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have revealed that S100A4 is involved in cancer progression by affecting a variety of biological functions. Our previous study showed that S100A4 influences many biological properties of gastric cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are far from clear. In this study, we used cDNA microarray analysis to investigate the global alterations in gene expression in MGC803 gastric cancer cells after siRNA-mediated S100A4 inhibition. Among the total genes investigated, 179 differentially expressed genes (38 upregulated and 141 downregulated) were detected in S100A4-siRNA transfected MGC803 cells compared with NC-siRNA transfected cells. We focused on the GDF15 gene, which was significantly downregulated after S100A4 inhibition. ChIP studies showed that the S100A4 protein binds to the GDF15 promoter, implicating S100A4 in GDF15 regulation at the transcriptional level. GDF15 overexpression promoted CSC-like properties of MGC803 cells, such as spheroid and soft-agar colony forming abilities. S100A4 inhibition suppressed the CSC-like properties of the cells, whereas, GV141-GDF15 vector transfection reversed these effects. Our results suggest that S100A4 influences the CSC-like properties of MGC803 gastric cancer cells by regulating GDF15 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yue Bian
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Lisha Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Aiwen Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiuju Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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30
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Ribeiro JR, Schorl C, Yano N, Romano N, Kim KK, Singh RK, Moore RG. HE4 promotes collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer cells. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:28. [PMID: 27184254 PMCID: PMC4869286 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy resistance presents a difficult challenge in treating epithelial ovarian cancer patients, particularly when tumors exhibit resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents. A few studies have shown that elevated serum levels of the ovarian cancer biomarker HE4 correlate with tumor chemoresistance, response to treatment, and survival. Here, we sought to confirm our previous results that HE4 contributes to collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel in vitro and uncover factors that may contribute to HE4-mediated chemoresistance. Methods MTS assays and western blots for cleaved PARP were used to assess resistance of HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 and OVCAR8 clones to cisplatin and paclitaxel. CRISPR/Cas technology was used to knockdown HE4 in HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 cells. A microarray was conducted to determine differential gene expression between SKOV3 null vector-transfected and HE4-overexpressing clones upon cisplatin exposure, and results were validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Regulation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and tubulins were assessed by western blot. Results HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 and OVCAR8 clones displayed increased resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel. Knockdown of HE4 in HE4-overexpressing SKOV3 cells partially reversed chemoresistance. Microarray analysis revealed that HE4 overexpression resulted in suppression of cisplatin-mediated upregulation of EGR1, a MAPK-regulated gene involved in promoting apoptosis. Upregulation of p38, a MAPK activated in response to cisplatin, was suppressed in HE4-overexpressing clones. No differences in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation were noted in HE4-overexpressing clones treated with 25 μM cisplatin, but ERK activation was partially suppressed in HE4-overexpressing clones treated with 80 μM cisplatin. Furthermore, treatment of cells with recombinant HE4 dramatically affected ERK activation in SKOV3 and OVCAR8 wild type cells. Recombinant HE4 also upregulated α-tubulin and β-tubulin levels in SKOV3 and OVCAR8 cells, and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene expression was increased in SKOV3 HE4-overexpressing clones. Conclusions Overexpression of HE4 promotes collateral resistance to cisplatin and paclitaxel, and downregulation of HE4 partially reverses this chemoresistance. Multiple factors could be involved in HE4-mediated chemoresistance, including deregulation of MAPK signaling, as well as alterations in tubulin levels or stability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13048-016-0240-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Ribeiro
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - C Schorl
- Center for Genomics and Proteomics, Genomics Core Facility, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - N Yano
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - N Romano
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - K K Kim
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R K Singh
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - R G Moore
- Women and Infants Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Program in Women's Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, 200 Chestnut Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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31
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Ghosh R, Hwang SM, Cui Z, Gilda JE, Gomes AV. Different effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs meclofenamate sodium and naproxen sodium on proteasome activity in cardiac cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 94:131-144. [PMID: 27049794 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like meclofenamate sodium (MS), used to reduce pain, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Naproxen (NAP), another NSAID, is not associated with increased risk of CVD. The molecular mechanism(s) by which NSAIDs induce CVD is unknown. We investigated the effects of MS and NAP on protein homeostasis and cardiotoxicity in rat cardiac H9c2 cells and murine neonatal cardiomyocytes. MS, but not NAP, significantly inhibited proteasome activity and reduced cardiac cell viability at pharmacological levels found in humans. Although proteasome subunit gene and protein expression were unaffected by NSAIDs, MS treated cell lysates showed higher 20S proteasome content, while purified proteasomes from MS treated cells had lower proteasome activity and higher levels of oxidized subunits than proteasomes from control cells. Addition of exogenous proteasome to MS treated cells improved cell viability. Both MS and NAP increased ROS production, but the rate of ROS production was greater in MS than in NAP treated cells. The ROS production is likely from mitochondria, as MS inhibited mitochondrial Complexes I and III, major sources of ROS, while NAP inhibited Complex I. MS also impaired mitochondrial membrane potential while NAP did not. Antioxidants were able to prevent the reduced cell viability caused by MS treatment. These results suggest that NSAIDs induce cardiotoxicity by a ROS dependent mechanism involving mitochondrial and proteasome dysfunction and may explain why some NSAIDs should not be given to patients for long periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwary Ghosh
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Soyun M Hwang
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ziyou Cui
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Jennifer E Gilda
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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32
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Fujita Y, Taniguchi Y, Shinkai S, Tanaka M, Ito M. Secreted growth differentiation factor 15 as a potential biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunctions in aging and age-related disorders. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:17-29. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Fujita
- Research Teams for; Mechanism of Aging; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yu Taniguchi
- Social Participation and Community Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Social Participation and Community Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Research Teams for; Mechanism of Aging; Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology; Tokyo Japan
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33
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Oh CK, Lee SJ, Park SH, Moon Y. Acquisition of Chemoresistance and Other Malignancy-related Features of Colorectal Cancer Cells Are Incremented by Ribosome-inactivating Stress. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10173-83. [PMID: 26961878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.696609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) as an environmental disease is largely influenced by accumulated epithelial stress from diverse environmental causes. We are exposed to ribosome-related insults, including ribosome-inactivating stress (RIS), from the environment, dietary factors, and medicines, but their physiological impacts on the chemotherapy of CRC are not yet understood. Here we revealed the effects of RIS on chemosensitivity and other malignancy-related properties of CRC cells. First, RIS led to bidirectional inhibition of p53-macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1)-mediated death responses in response to anticancer drugs by either enhancing ATF3-linked antiapoptotic signaling or intrinsically inhibiting MIC-1 and p53 expression, regardless of ATF3. Second, RIS enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and biogenesis of cancer stem-like cells in an ATF3-dependent manner. These findings indicate that gastrointestinal exposure to RIS interferes with the efficacy of chemotherapeutics, mechanistically implying that ATF3-linked malignancy and chemoresistance can be novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of environmentally aggravated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyu Oh
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- From the Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
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34
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Jiang J, Trollor JN, Brown DA, Crawford JD, Thalamuthu A, Smith E, Breit SN, Liu T, Brodaty H, Baune BT, Sachdev PS, Wen W. An inverse relationship between serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 levels and brain white matter integrity in community-dwelling older individuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 62:80-8. [PMID: 26254771 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.07.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) is a marker of inflammation that has been associated with atherosclerosis. We have previously demonstrated its relationships with cognitive decline and cerebral gray matter volumes, suggesting its role as a biomarker of cognitive impairment. Considering that it is widely distributed in the brain, and both inflammation and vascular pathology impact on white matter (WM) integrity, we examined the relationship between MIC-1/GDF15 and measures of WM integrity, including WM volumes, mean fractional anisotropy (FA) values and WM hyperintensity (WMH) volumes in a community-dwelling non-demented sample of older individuals (n=327, 70-90 years old). We found that the mean FA values were negatively associated with MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels, after Bonferroni correction. The voxel-wise analysis showed negative relationships between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and FA values in corticospinal tract, corpus callosum (including genu, body and splenium parts), superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum, as well as anterior and posterior thalamic radiation. Whole brain WMH volumes, especially deep WMH volumes, showed a non-significant trend for a positive association with MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels. The associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and WM integrity showed a non-significant trend of being stronger for the individuals classified as mild cognitive impairment, compared to the normal ageing participants. The findings suggest that high serum MIC-1/GDF15 levels indicate reduced WM integrity and possibly greater WM pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Department of Development Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David A Brown
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - John D Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel N Breit
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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35
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Fajardo AM, Piazza GA. Chemoprevention in gastrointestinal physiology and disease. Anti-inflammatory approaches for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G59-70. [PMID: 26021807 PMCID: PMC4504955 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00101.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in developed countries. Identifying effective preventive strategies aimed at inhibiting the development and progression of CRC is critical for reducing the incidence and mortality of this malignancy. The prevention of carcinogenesis by anti-inflammatory agents including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and natural products is an area of considerable interest and research. Numerous anti-inflammatory agents have been identified as potential CRC chemopreventive agents but vary in their mechanism of action. This review will discuss the molecular mechanisms being studied for the CRC chemopreventive activity of NSAIDs (i.e., aspirin, sulindac, and ibuprofen), COX-2 inhibitors (i.e., celecoxib), natural products (i.e., curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein, and baicalein), and metformin. A deeper understanding of how these anti-inflammatory agents inhibit CRC will provide insight into the development of potentially safer and more effective chemopreventive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Fajardo
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Gary A. Piazza
- Drug Discovery Research Center, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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Jiang J, Wen W, Brown DA, Crawford J, Thalamuthu A, Smith E, Breit SN, Liu T, Zhu W, Brodaty H, Baune BT, Trollor JN, Sachdev PS. The relationship of serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 levels with gray matter volumes in community-dwelling older individuals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123399. [PMID: 25867953 PMCID: PMC4395016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using circulating inflammatory markers and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), recent studies have associated inflammation with brain volumetric measures. Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine-1 (MIC-1/GDF15) is a divergent transforming growth factor - beta (TGF-β) superfamily cytokine. To uncover the underlying mechanisms of the previous finding of a negative association between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and cognition, the present study aimed to examine the relationship of circulating MIC-1/GDF15 levels with human brain gray matter (GM) volumes, in a community-dwelling sample aged 70-90 years over two years (Wave 1: n = 506, Wave 2: n = 327), of which the age-related brain atrophy had been previously well defined. T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained at both waves and analyzed using the FMRIB Software Library and FreeSurfer. The results showed significantly negative associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and both subcortical and cortical GM volumes. GM volumes of the whole brain, cortex, temporal lobe, thalamus and accumbens showed significant mediating effects on the associations between MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels and global cognition scores. Increases in MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were associated with decreases in cortical and subcortical GM volume over two years. In conclusion, MIC-1/GDF15 serum levels were inversely associated with GM volumes both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Brown
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - John Crawford
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel N. Breit
- Centre for Applied Medical Research, St. Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanlin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Aged Care Psychiatry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julian N. Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Department of Development Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick NSW, Australia
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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Hong JH, Chung HK, Park HY, Joung KH, Lee JH, Jung JG, Kim KS, Kim HJ, Ku BJ, Shong M. GDF15 Is a Novel Biomarker for Impaired Fasting Glucose. Diabetes Metab J 2014; 38:472-9. [PMID: 25541611 PMCID: PMC4273034 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2014.38.6.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a protein that belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily. An elevated serum level of GDF15 was found to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is an inflammatory disease that progresses from normal glucose tolerance (NGT) to impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Hence, we aimed to validate the relationship between GDF15 and IFG. METHODS The participants were divided into the following three groups: NGT (n=137), IFG (n=29), and T2DM (n=75). The controls and T2DM outpatients visited the hospital for routine health check-ups. We used fasting blood glucose to detect IFG in nondiabetic patients. We checked the body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein level, metabolic parameters, and fasting serum GDF15 level. RESULTS Age, BMI, triglyceride, insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and GDF15 levels were elevated in the IFG and T2DM groups compared to the NGT group. In the correlation analysis between metabolic parameters and GDF15, age and HOMA-IR had a significant positive correlation with GDF15 levels. GDF15 significantly discriminated between IFG and NGT, independent of age, BMI, and HOMA-IR. The serum levels of GDF15 were more elevated in men than in women. As a biomarker for IFG based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cutoff value of GDF15 was 510 pg/mL in males and 400 pg/mL in females. CONCLUSION GDF15 had a positive correlation with IR independent of age and BMI, and the serum level of GDF15 was increased in the IFG and T2DM groups. GDF15 may be a novel biomarker for detecting IFG in nondiabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hwa Hong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyun Chung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyong-Hye Joung
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Gyu Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Choi HJ, Kim HG, Kim J, Park SH, Park J, Oh CG, Do KH, Lee SJ, Park YC, Ahn SC, Kim YS, Moon Y. Pro-apoptotic action of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 and counteraction of activating transcription factor 3 in carrageenan-exposed enterocytes. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:1-8. [PMID: 25180886 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carrageenan (CGN), a widely used food additive, has been shown to injure the epithelial barrier in animal models. This type of damage is a clinical feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans. In the present study, the effects of CGN on pro-apoptotic responses associated with macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1) regulation in human enterocytes were evaluated. CGN up-regulated the expression of MIC-1 that promoted epithelial cell apoptosis. Although MIC-1 induction was dependent on pro-apoptotic p53 protein, the pro-survival protein activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was negatively regulated by p53 expression. However, MIC-1 enhanced the expression of the pro-survival protein ATF3 in enterocytes exposed to CGN. Functionally, MIC-1-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis was counteracted by the pro-survival action of ATF3 in response to CGN exposure. These findings demonstrated that the counterbalance between MIC-1 and ATF3 is critical for deciding the fate of enterocytes under the food chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Choi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Hwi-Gon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Park
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Oh
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Kee Hun Do
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Soon Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea
| | - Yong Sik Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yuseok Moon
- Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea; Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan, South Korea; Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Busan, South Korea.
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A novel COX-independent mechanism of sulindac sulfide involves cleavage of epithelial cell adhesion molecule protein. Exp Cell Res 2014; 326:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Silibinin induces apoptosis of HT29 colon carcinoma cells through early growth response-1 (EGR-1)-mediated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) up-regulation. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 211:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kim SJ, Kim JM, Shim SH, Chang HI. Shikonin induces cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer (AGS) by early growth response 1 (Egr1)-mediated p21 gene expression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 151:1064-1071. [PMID: 24384380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lithospermum erythrorhizon, a naphthoquinone compound derived from a shikonin, has long been used as traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of various diseases, including cancer. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of shikonin on AGS gastric cancer cells via induction of cell cycle arrest. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed the effects of 12.5-100 ng/mL dosage of shikonin treatment on AGS cancer cell line with the incubation time of 6h. Cytotoxic effects were assessed by measuring the changes in the intracellular ROS, appearance of senescence phenotype, cell cycle progression, CDK and cyclins expression levels upon shikonin treatment. We also examined upon the activation of Egr1-mediated p21 expression, by siRNA transfection, Luciferase assay, and ChIP assay. RESULTS In this study, we found that shikonin inhibits cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase via modulation of p21 in AGS cells. Also, our results revealed that the p21 gene was transactivated by early growth response1 (Egr1) in response to the shikonin treatment. Transient Egr1 expression enhanced shikonin-induced p21 promoter activity, whereas the suppression of Egr1 expression by small interfering RNA attenuated the ability of shikonin to induce p21 promoter activity. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the anti-proliferative activity of shikonin was due to its ability to induce cell cycle arrest via Egr1-p21 signaling pathway. Thus, the work stated here validates the traditional use of shikonin in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Joong Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd Unit 108, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jee Min Kim
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Ihl Chang
- College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, 5-1 Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chang JW, Kang SU, Choi JW, Shin YS, Baek SJ, Lee SH, Kim CH. Tolfenamic acid induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in anaplastic thyroid cancer: Involvement of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:115-30. [PMID: 24216474 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are usually used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. However, certain NSAIDs also have antitumor activities in various cancers, including head and neck cancer, through cyclooxygenase-dependent or independent pathways. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1 (NAG-1), a TGF-β superfamily protein, is induced by NSAIDs and has been shown to be induced by several antitumorigenic compounds and to exhibit proapoptotic and antitumorigenic activities. In this report, we demonstrate for the first time that tolfenamic acid (TA) transcriptionally induced the expression of NAG-1 during TA-induced apoptosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. TA reduced the viability of ATC cells in a dose-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, findings that were coincident with NAG-1 expression. Overexpression of the NAG-1 gene using cDNA enhanced the apoptotic effect of TA, whereas suppression of NAG-1 expression by small interfering RNA attenuated TA-induced apoptosis. Subsequently, we found that intracellular ROS generation plays an important role in activating the proapoptotic protein NAG-1. Then, we confirmed antitumorigenic effects of TA in a nude mouse orthotopic ATC model, and this result accompanied the augmentation of NAG-1 expression and ROS generation in tumor tissue. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TA induces apoptosis via NAG-1 expression and ROS generation in in vitro and in vivo ATC models, providing a novel mechanistic explanation and indicating a potential chemotherapeutic approach for treatment of ATC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/agonists
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/antagonists & inhibitors
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/agonists
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/drug therapy
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/genetics
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/metabolism
- Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic/pathology
- Thyroid Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics
- Thyroid Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology
- ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Sung Un Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Jae Won Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea; Center for Cell Death-Regulating Biodrugs, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, Korea.
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Liggett JL, Zhang X, Eling TE, Baek SJ. Anti-tumor activity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: cyclooxygenase-independent targets. Cancer Lett 2014; 346:217-24. [PMID: 24486220 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used extensively for analgesic and antipyretic treatments. In addition, NSAIDs reduce the risk and mortality to several cancers. Their mechanisms in anti-tumorigenesis are not fully understood, but both cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent and -independent pathways play a role. We and others have been interested in elucidating molecular targets of NSAID-induced apoptosis. In this review, we summarize updated literature regarding cellular and molecular targets modulated by NSAIDs. Among those NSAIDs, sulindac sulfide and tolfenamic acid are emphasized in this review because these two drugs have been well investigated for their anti-tumorigenic activity in many different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Liggett
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Thomas E Eling
- Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA.
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Fu L, Huang W, Jing Y, Jiang M, Zhao Y, Shi J, Huang S, Xue X, Zhang Q, Tang J, Dou L, Wang L, Nervi C, Li Y, Yu L. AML1-ETO triggers epigenetic activation of early growth response gene l, inducing apoptosis in t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia. FEBS J 2014; 281:1123-31. [PMID: 24314118 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The t(8;21)(q22;q22) translocation is the most common chromosomal translocation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and it gives rise to acute myeloid gene 1 (AML1)-myeloid transforming gene 8 (ETO)-positive AML, which has a relatively favorable prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism related to a favorable prognosis in AML1-ETO-positive AML is still not fully understood. Our results show that the AML1-ETO fusion protein triggered activation of early growth response gene l (EGR1) by binding at AML1-binding sites on the EGR1 promoter and, subsequently, recruiting acetyltransferase P300, which is known to acetylate histones. However, AML1-ETO could not recruit DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases; therefore, EGR1 expression was affected by histone acetylation but not by DNA methylation. Both transcription and translation of EGR1 were higher in AML1-ETO-positive AML cell lines than in AML1-ETO-negative AML cell lines, owing to acetylation. Furthermore, when AML1-ETO-positive AML cell lines were treated with C646 (P300 inhibitor) and trichostatin A (histone deacetylase inhibitor), EGR1 expression was significantly decreased and increased, respectively. In addition, treatment with 5-azacytidine (methyltransferase inhibitor) did not cause any significant change in EGR1 expression. Overexpression of EGR1 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, and EGR1 knockout promoted cell proliferation. Thus, EGR1 could be a novel prognostic factor for a favorable outcome in AML1-ETO-positive AML. The results of our study may explain the molecular mechanisms underlying the favorable prognosis in AML1-ETO-positive AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Corre J, Hébraud B, Bourin P. Concise review: growth differentiation factor 15 in pathology: a clinical role? Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:946-52. [PMID: 24191265 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor β family discovered in a broad range of cells, as indicated by the diversity of its nomenclature. However, the only tissue that expresses a high amount of GDF15 in the physiologic state is placenta. GDF15 is easily detected in blood, and its concentration varies with age. In fact, increased blood concentration of GDF15 is associated with numerous pathological conditions. However, the biological significance underlying these observations is far from clear. GDF15 could have a positive or negative role depending on the state of cells or their environment. Furthermore, study of its biology is hampered by lack of knowledge of its receptor and thus the signaling pathways that drive its action. GDF15 seems to be an integrative signal in pathologic conditions, giving information on severity of disease. Its effectiveness in classifying patients to modulate treatment remains to be shown. Development of therapeutic interventions with GDF15 or anti-GDF15 agents remains difficult until we uncover the mechanism that drives its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Corre
- Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome, France
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Feng H, Chen L, Wang Q, Shen B, Liu L, Zheng P, Xu S, Liu X, Chen J, Teng J. Calumenin-15 facilitates filopodia formation by promoting TGF-β superfamily cytokine GDF-15 transcription. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e870. [PMID: 24136234 PMCID: PMC3920949 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Filopodia, which are actin-rich finger-like membrane protrusions, have an important role in cell migration and tumor metastasis. Here we identify 13 novel calumenin (Calu) isoforms (Calu 3-15) produced by alternative splicing, and find that Calu-15 promotes filopodia formation and cell migration. Calu-15 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm through interacting with importin α, Ran GTPase, and Crm1. The phosphorylation of the threonine at position 73 (Thr-73) by casein kinase 2 (CK2) is essential for the nuclear import of Calu-15, and either Thr-73 mutation or inhibition of CK2 interrupts its nuclear localization. In the nucleus, Calu-15 increases the transcription of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, via binding to its promoter region. Furthermore, Calu-15 induces filopodia formation mediated by GDF-15. Together, we identify that Calu-15, a novel isoform of Calu with phosphorylation-dependent nuclear localization, has a critical role in promoting filopodia formation and cell migration by upregulating the GDF-15 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - B Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - L Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - P Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - S Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - J Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-membrane and Membrane Bio-engineering, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zhang X, Lee SH, Min KW, McEntee MF, Jeong JB, Li Q, Baek SJ. The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the suppression of colorectal tumorigenesis by tolfenamic acid. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1337-47. [PMID: 24104354 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug tolfenamic acid has been shown to suppress cancer cell growth and tumorigenesis in different cancer models. However, the underlying mechanism by which tolfenamic acid exerts its antitumorigenic effect remains unclear. Previous data from our group and others indicate that tolfenamic acid alters expression of apoptosis- and cell-cycle arrest-related genes in colorectal cancer cells. Here, we show that tolfenamic acid markedly reduced the number of polyps and tumor load in APC(min)(/+) mice, accompanied with cyclin D1 downregulation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, tolfenamic acid promotes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway, of which PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) induces the repression of cyclin D1 translation. Moreover, the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 branch of the UPR pathway plays a role in tolfenamic acid-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells, as silencing ATF4 attenuates tolfenamic acid-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest ER stress is involved in tolfenamic acid-induced inhibition of colorectal cancer cell growth, which could contribute to antitumorigenesis in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-4542. Phone: 865-974-8216; Fax: 865-974-5616; ; Qingwang Li, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Potential Therapeutic Role of Hispidulin in Gastric Cancer through Induction of Apoptosis via NAG-1 Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:518301. [PMID: 24159347 PMCID: PMC3789485 DOI: 10.1155/2013/518301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers due to poor prognoses and high mortality rates worldwide. However, an effective chemotherapeutic drug without side effects remains lacking. Saussurea involucrata (SI) Kar. et Kir., also known as snow lotus, grows in mountainous rocky habitats at 2600 m elevation in the Tian Shan and A'er Tai regions of China. The ethyl acetate extract of SI had been shown to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in various tumor cells. In this study, we demonstrated that Hispidulin, active ingredients in SI, inhibits the growth of AGS gastric cancer cells. After Hispidulin treatment, NAG-1 remained highly expressed, whereas COX-2 expression was downregulated. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that Hispidulin induces G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis in time- and concentration-dependent manners. G1/S arrest correlated with upregulated p21/WAF1 and p16 and downregulated cyclin D1 and cyclin E, independent of p53 pathway. In addition, Hispidulin can elevate Egr-1 expression and ERK1/2 activity, whereas ERK1/2 inhibitor markedly attenuated NAG-1 mediated apoptosis. Taken together, Hispidulin can efficiently activate ERK1/2 signaling followed by NAG-1 constitutive expression and trigger cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis in cancer cell. It can be a potential compound for combination therapy of gastric cancer in the future.
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The multiple facets of the TGF-β family cytokine growth/differentiation factor-15/macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:373-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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