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Evaluation of Genes and Molecular Pathways Involved in the Progression of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS) to Multiple Myeloma: A Systems Biology Approach. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00634-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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An JH, Li CY, Chen CY, Wu JB, Shen H. Raloxifene Protects Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:4879-4890. [PMID: 34588782 PMCID: PMC8473575 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s314810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cisplatin is one of the most widely used antineoplastic drugs but has limited therapeutic effects due to nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the possible renoprotective effect of the antioxidant raloxifene on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Materials and Methods Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury was established in female C57 mice that were treated with saline (normal control) or raloxifene over a 7-day period. The body weight of the mice was recorded. Histopathological examinations of the kidney tissues were performed using H&E, PAS staining and TEM. The histomorphology of liver and other organs was observed by H&E staining. The serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) were analyzed by specific kits. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activity, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney, liver homogenates and HK-2 cells were measured by WST-8 and thiobarbituric acid colorimetric methods. Moreover, the mitochondrial structures of HK-2 cells were performed using TEM. The viability and proliferation of HK-2 cells were examined by CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 fluorescence. Results Raloxifene significantly reduced the levels of serum creatinine, urea, ALT and AST in the cisplatin-treated mice, and alleviated cisplatin-induced renal and hepatic tissue injury. Furthermore, raloxifene also increased the activity of GSH and SOD in the renal tissues and HK-2 cells, and reduced MDA levels, thereby limiting oxidative stress in the kidney. Conclusion Raloxifene protected against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by activating the antioxidant system, along with alleviating liver damage. It should be considered as a potential adjuvant in cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong An
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ya Chen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bin Wu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Shen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
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3
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Fujii Y, Tamura Y, Hashimoto N, Endo N, Iwasawa T. Stereo‐Defined Synthetic Route to (
E
)‐ and (
Z
)‐Tamoxifen Derived from(
E
)‐1‐Bromo‐2‐iodoalkenes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Fujii
- Department of Materials ChemistryRyukoku University Seta, Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Yuka Tamura
- Department of Materials ChemistryRyukoku University Seta, Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Nako Hashimoto
- Department of Materials ChemistryRyukoku University Seta, Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Naoki Endo
- Department of Materials ChemistryRyukoku University Seta, Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Tetsuo Iwasawa
- Department of Materials ChemistryRyukoku University Seta, Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
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4
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Ozerova M, Nefedova Y. Estrogen promotes multiple myeloma through enhancing the immunosuppressive activity of MDSC. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:1557-1562. [PMID: 30601091 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1538511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of estrogen in solid cancers has been widely investigated, its effect in hematologic malignancies including multiple myeloma (MM) is not known. Here, we utilized a syngeneic mouse model of MM to address this question. In this model, treatment with 17β-estradiol significantly promoted progression of the disease. This effect has not been attributed to the direct effect of estrogen on MM cells but rather was mediated through estrogen-induced alterations in tumor microenvironment. In MM bone marrow, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent one of the major cellular populations. 17β-estradiol did not promote expansion and accumulation of MDSCs. However, it significantly increased their ability to suppress T cells proliferation. Thus, these data demonstrated that estrogen promotes progression of MM by enhancing an immunosuppressive function of the bone marrow MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ozerova
- a Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Yulia Nefedova
- a Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program , The Wistar Institute , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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5
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30 Years of NF-κB: A Blossoming of Relevance to Human Pathobiology. Cell 2017; 168:37-57. [PMID: 28086098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1327] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB was discovered 30 years ago as a rapidly inducible transcription factor. Since that time, it has been found to have a broad role in gene induction in diverse cellular responses, particularly throughout the immune system. Here, we summarize elaborate regulatory pathways involving this transcription factor and use recent discoveries in human genetic diseases to place specific proteins within their relevant medical and biological contexts.
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6
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Johnson DC, Weinhold N, Mitchell J, Chen B, Stephens OW, Försti A, Nickel J, Kaiser M, Gregory WA, Cairns D, Jackson GH, Hoffmann P, Noethen MM, Hillengass J, Bertsch U, Barlogie B, Davis FE, Hemminki K, Goldschmidt H, Houlston RS, Morgan GJ. Genetic factors influencing the risk of multiple myeloma bone disease. Leukemia 2016; 30:883-8. [PMID: 26669972 PMCID: PMC4832071 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A major complication of multiple myeloma (MM) is the development of osteolytic lesions, fractures and bone pain. To identify genetic variants influencing the development of MM bone disease (MBD), we analyzed MM patients of European ancestry (totaling 3774), which had been radiologically surveyed for MBD. Each patient had been genotyped for ~6 00 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with genotypes for six million common variants imputed using 1000 Genomes Project and UK10K as reference. We identified a locus at 8q24.12 for MBD (rs4407910, OPG/TNFRSF11B, odds ratio=1.38, P=4.09 × 10(-9)) and a promising association at 19q13.43 (rs74676832, odds ratio=1.97, P=9.33 × 10(-7)). Our findings demonstrate that germline variation influences MBD and highlights the importance of RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway in MBD development. These findings will contribute to the development of future strategies for prevention of MBD in the early precancerous phases of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Johnson
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - N Weinhold
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Mitchell
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - B Chen
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O W Stephens
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - A Försti
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Nickel
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kaiser
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - W A Gregory
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Cairns
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - G H Jackson
- Department of Haematology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M M Noethen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Hillengass
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - U Bertsch
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Barlogie
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - F E Davis
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - K Hemminki
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Goldschmidt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center of Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R S Houlston
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - G J Morgan
- Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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7
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Park MH, Hong JT. Roles of NF-κB in Cancer and Inflammatory Diseases and Their Therapeutic Approaches. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020015. [PMID: 27043634 PMCID: PMC4931664 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune response, inflammation, cell growth and survival, and development. NF-κB is critical for human health, and aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to development of various autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant disorders including rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, multiple sclerosis and malignant tumors. Thus, inhibiting NF-κB signaling has potential therapeutic applications in cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk 28160, Korea.
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8
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Peek GW, Tollefsbol TO. Down-regulation of hTERT and Cyclin D1 transcription via PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways in MCF-7 Cancer cells with PX-866 and Raloxifene. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:95-102. [PMID: 27017931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is the catalytic and limiting component of telomerase and also a transcription factor. It is critical to the integrity of the ends of linear chromosomes and to the regulation, extent and rate of cell cycle progression in multicellular eukaryotes. The level of hTERT expression is essential to a wide range of bodily functions and to avoidance of disease conditions, such as cancer, that are mediated in part by aberrant level and regulation of cell cycle proliferation. Value of a gene in regulation depends on its ability to both receive input from multiple sources and transmit signals to multiple effectors. The expression of hTERT and the progression of the cell cycle have been shown to be regulated by an extensive network of gene products and signaling pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and TGF-β pathways. The PI3K inhibitor PX-866 and the competitive estrogen receptor ligand raloxifene have been shown to modify progression of those pathways and, in combination, to decrease proliferation of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We found that combinations of modulators of those pathways decreased not only hTERT transcription but also transcription of additional essential cell cycle regulators such as Cyclin D1. By evaluating known expression profile signatures for TGF-β pathway diversions, we confirmed additional genes such as heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB EGF) by which those pathways and their perturbations may also modify cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Peek
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Raloxifene Inhibits NF-kB Pathway and Potentiates Anti-Tumour Activity of Cisplatin with Simultaneous Reduction in its Nephrotoxictiy. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:145-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Pelekanou V, Kampa M, Kiagiadaki F, Deli A, Theodoropoulos P, Agrogiannis G, Patsouris E, Tsapis A, Castanas E, Notas G. Estrogen anti-inflammatory activity on human monocytes is mediated through cross-talk between estrogen receptor ERα36 and GPR30/GPER1. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:333-47. [PMID: 26394816 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0914-430rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens are known modulators of monocyte/macrophage functions; however, the underlying mechanism has not been clearly defined. Recently, a number of estrogen receptor molecules and splice variants were identified that exert different and sometimes opposing actions. We assessed the expression of estrogen receptors and explored their role in mediating estrogenic anti-inflammatory effects on human primary monocytes. We report that the only estrogen receptors expressed are estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant and G-protein coupled receptor 30/G-protein estrogen receptor 1, in a sex-independent manner. 17-β-Estradiol inhibits the LPS-induced IL-6 inflammatory response, resulting in inhibition of NF-κB transcriptional activity. This is achieved via a direct physical interaction of ligand-activated estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant with the p65 component of NF-κB in the nucleus. G-protein coupled receptor 30/G-protein estrogen receptor 1, which also physically interacts with estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant, acts a coregulator in this process, because its inhibition blocks the effect of estrogens on IL-6 expression. However, its activation does not mimic the effect of estrogens, on neither IL-6 nor NF-κB activity. Finally, we show that the estrogen receptor profile observed in monocytes is not modified during their differentiation to macrophages or dendritic cells in vitro and is shared in vivo by macrophages present in atherosclerotic plaques. These results position estrogen receptor-α 36-kDa splice variant and G-protein coupled receptor 30 as important players and potential therapeutic targets in monocyte/macrophage-dependent inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Pelekanou
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Marilena Kampa
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Foteini Kiagiadaki
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Deli
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Panayiotis Theodoropoulos
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - George Agrogiannis
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Efstratios Patsouris
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Tsapis
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Elias Castanas
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - George Notas
- Laboratories of *Experimental Endocrinology, Pathology, and Biochemistry, University of Crete School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece; INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; and University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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Kim DE, Kim Y, Cho DH, Jeong SY, Kim SB, Suh N, Lee JS, Choi EK, Koh JY, Hwang JJ, Kim CS. Raloxifene induces autophagy-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Mol Cells 2014; 38:138-44. [PMID: 25537862 PMCID: PMC4332026 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that binds to the estrogen receptor (ER), and exhibits potent anti-tumor and autophagy-inducing effects in breast cancer cells. However, the mechanism of raloxifene-induced cell death and autophagy is not well-established. So, we analyzed mechanism underlying death and autophagy induced by raloxifene in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Treatment with raloxifene significantly induced death in MCF-7 cells. Raloxifene accumulated GFP-LC3 puncta and increased the level of autophagic marker proteins, such as LC3-II, BECN1, and ATG12-ATG5 conjugates, indicating activated autophagy. Raloxifene also increased autophagic flux indicators, the cleavage of GFP from GFP-LC3 and only red fluorescence-positive puncta in mRFP-GFP-LC3-expressing cells. An autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), suppressed the level of LC3-II and blocked the formation of GFP-LC3 puncta. Moreover, siRNA targeting BECN1 markedly reversed cell death and the level of LC3-II increased by raloxifene. Besides, raloxifene-induced cell death was not related to cleavage of caspases-7, -9, and PARP. These results indicate that raloxifene activates autophagy-dependent cell death but not apoptosis. Interestingly, raloxifene decreased the level of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and activated the AMPK/ULK1 pathway. However it was not suppressed the AKT/mTOR pathway. Addition of ATP decreased the phosphorylation of AMPK as well as the accumulation of LC3-II, finally attenuating raloxifene-induced cell death. Our current study demonstrates that raloxifene induces autophagy via the activation of AMPK by sensing decreases in ATP, and that the overactivation of autophagy promotes cell death and thereby mediates the anti-cancer effects of raloxifene in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Eun Kim
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Yunha Kim
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Nayoung Suh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Jung Shin Lee
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Koh
- Neural Injury Research Center and Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Institute for Innovative Cancer Research, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- Department of Urology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Sola B, Poirot M, de Medina P, Bustany S, Marsaud V, Silvente-Poirot S, Renoir JM. Antiestrogen-binding site ligands induce autophagy in myeloma cells that proceeds through alteration of cholesterol metabolism. Oncotarget 2014; 4:911-22. [PMID: 23978789 PMCID: PMC3757248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by the accumulation of clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite extensive efforts to design drugs targeting tumoral cells and their microenvironment, MM remains an incurable disease for which new therapeutic strategies are needed. We demonstrated here that antiestrogens (AEs) belonging to selective estrogen receptor modulators family induce a caspase-dependent apoptosis and trigger a protective autophagy. Autophagy was recognized by monodansylcadaverin staining, detection of autophagosomes by electronic microscopy, and detection of the cleaved form of the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3. Moreover, autophagy was inhibited by drugs such as bafilomycin A1 and 3-methyladenosine. Autophagy was mediated by the binding of AEs to a class of receptors called the antiestrogen binding site (AEBS) different from the classical estrogen nuclear receptors. The binding of specific ligands to the AEBS was accompanied by alteration of cholesterol metabolism and in particular accumulation of sterols: zymostenol or desmosterol depending on the ligand. This was due to the inhibition of the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase activity borne by the AEBS. We further showed that the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway mediated autophagy signaling. Moreover, AEBS ligands restored sensitivity to dexamethasone in resistant MM cells. Since we showed previously that AEs arrest MM tumor growth in xenografted mice, we propose that AEBS ligands may have a potent antimyeloma activity alone or in combination with drugs used in clinic.
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13
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Sharma RK, Otsuka M, Gaba G, Mehta S. Inhibitors of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κβ)-DNA binding. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21852f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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15
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Kwak JH, Jung JK, Lee H. Nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitors; a patent review (2006-2010). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 21:1897-910. [PMID: 22098320 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2011.638285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor (NF)-κB, as transcription factor, is linked to the expression of various genes and plays an essential role in immune and inflammatory responses. Abnormal NF-κB signaling results in human diseases, such as immune disorders, inflammation and various cancers. Therefore, regulation of NF-κB may treat or improve the symptoms in human disorders. AREAS COVERED This review provides information on recent NF-κB inhibitor-related patents from 2006 to 2010. The patents are explained and categorized by mechanism. The reader will gain an understanding of NF-κB function and the structure and biological activity of recently developed NF-κB inhibitors that may be new drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION NF-κB plays an essential role in the human body and thus regulation of NF-κB is very important for the treatment of diseases. Furthermore, patented compounds and peptides are available as lead compounds in drug development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hwan Kwak
- Chungbuk National University, College of Pharmacy, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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16
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Sato K, Kuriwaki JI, Takahashi K, Saito Y, Oka JI, Otani Y, Sha Y, Nakazawa K, Sekino Y, Ohwada T. Discovery of a Tamoxifen-related compound that suppresses glial l-glutamate transport activity without interaction with estrogen receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:105-13. [PMID: 22860180 DOI: 10.1021/cn200091w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that tamoxifen suppresses l-glutamate transport activity of cultured astrocytes. Here, in an attempt to separate the l-glutamate transporter-inhibitory activity from the estrogen receptor-mediated genomic effects, we synthesized several compounds structurally related to tamoxifen. Among them, we identified two compounds, 1 (YAK01) and 3 (YAK037), which potently inhibited l-glutamate transporter activity. The inhibitory effect of 1 was found to be mediated through estrogen receptors and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, though 1 showed greatly reduced transactivation activity compared with that of 17β-estradiol. On the other hand, compound 3 exerted its inhibitory effect through an estrogen receptor-independent and MAPK-independent, but PI3K-dependent pathway, and showed no transactivation activity. Compound 3 may represent a new platform for developing novel l-glutamate transporter inhibitors with higher brain transfer rates and reduced adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Sato
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kuriwaki
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kanako Takahashi
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2541 Yamazaki, Noda-city, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Oka
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2541 Yamazaki, Noda-city, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuko Otani
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Sha
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
| | - Ken Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga,
Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal
Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-0033, Japan
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Raloxifene protects cultured human chondrocytes from IL-1β induced damage: A biochemical and morphological study. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 670:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mohler ML, He Y, Wu Z, Hong SS, Miller DD. Dissociated non-steroidal glucocorticoids: tuning out untoward effects. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2010; 17:37-58. [PMID: 20144062 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The endogenous glucocorticoid (GC), cortisol, is involved in maintaining homeostatic balance in glucose regulation and immune response while allowing stress adaptation. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is required to maintain life and is the target of numerous FDA-approved drugs. Synthetic steroidal GCs are useful in a plethora of conditions characterized by excessive inflammatory or immune responses. Unfortunately, the GCs used at present have potentially dose-limiting and debilitating side effects, some of which derive from the glucose regulatory role of GCs. Consequently, there is a great need to find agents which preserve the potent immune effects without the side effects. This manuscript reviews the existing patent literature on these intensely sought non-steroidal agents that dissociate the therapeutic from metabolic effects, or specifically retain certain GR target effects with attenuated untoward effects. The chemical classes and underlying mechanisms (when known) for these non-steroidal GCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Mohler
- GTx, Inc. - The Men's Health Biotech, 3 North Dunlap Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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19
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Gupta SC, Sundaram C, Reuter S, Aggarwal BB. Inhibiting NF-κB activation by small molecules as a therapeutic strategy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2010; 1799:775-87. [PMID: 20493977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 575] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Because nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitously expressed proinflammatory transcription factor that regulates the expression of over 500 genes involved in cellular transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and inflammation, the NF-κB signaling pathway has become a potential target for pharmacological intervention. A wide variety of agents can activate NF-κB through canonical and noncanonical pathways. Canonical pathway involves various steps including the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα), which leads to the nuclear translocation of the p50-p65 subunits of NF-κB followed by p65 phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation, DNA binding, and gene transcription. Thus, agents that can inhibit protein kinases, protein phosphatases, proteasomes, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, and DNA binding steps have been identified as NF-κB inhibitors. Because of the critical role of NF-κB in cancer and various chronic diseases, numerous inhibitors of NF-κB have been identified. In this review, however, we describe only small molecules that suppress NF-κB activation, and the mechanism by which they block this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Urbinati G, Audisio D, Marsaud V, Plassat V, Arpicco S, Sola B, Fattal E, Renoir JM. Therapeutic potential of new 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen-loaded pH-gradient liposomes in a multiple myeloma experimental model. Pharm Res 2009; 27:327-39. [PMID: 20033476 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-009-0023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the better liposomal formulation incorporating the active metabolite of tamoxifen, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4HT) and the biological impact of 4HT-pH-gradient liposomes on response to in vivo treatment. METHODS Several pegylated liposomes were formulated by varying the composition of lipids, increasing external pH from 7.4 to 9.0 and doubling the lipid concentration. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / cholesterol / distearoylphosphoethanolamine poly(ethylene)glycol liposomes (DL-9 liposomes) were chosen for their physico-chemical properties. Toxicity and release kinetics were assessed in breast cancer MCF-7 as well as in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. In vivo antitumor activity and bio-distribution were measured in the RPMI8226 MM model. RESULTS Compared to conventional non-pH-gradient liposomes, 4HT-DL-9 liposomes resulted in concentration of up to 1 mM 4HT, greater stability, relative toxicity and slow 4HT release. Intravenous injections of 4HT-DL-9 liposomes at 4 mg/kg/week blocked MM tumor growth. Ki67 and CD34 labeling decreased in treated tumors, concomitantly with increase of activated caspase-3 supporting a cell proliferation arrest, a decrease of tumor vasculature and the induction of tumor cell death. CONCLUSION This antitumor effect was assumed to be the result of a modified biodistribution of 4HT once trapped in DL-9 liposomes. Such 4HT-containing pH-gradient Stealth nanocarriers could be helpful for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Urbinati
- CNRS, UMR 8612, Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie, Biopharmacie, Laboratoire Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire des Anticancéreux, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J.B. Clément, Châtenay-Malabry, F-92296, France
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Enhanced antimyeloma cytotoxicity by the combination of arsenic trioxide and bortezomib is further potentiated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Leuk Res 2009; 34:85-92. [PMID: 19608275 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The combination of ATO and bortezomib (ATO+bortezomib) has been recently shown to enhance antimyeloma activity; nevertheless, the mechanisms remained unclear in these studies. However, both bortezomib and ATO have been shown to activate the p38 MAPK pathway, which may counteract the enhancement induced by this combination. We studied the cytotoxicity of bortezomib, ATO, and ATO+bortezomib with or without inhibiting p38 MAPK, along with associated molecular changes in myeloma cells. The treatment of myeloma cells with ATO+bortezomib induced higher cytotoxicity than either agent alone. This increased cytotoxicity was further synergistically enhanced by inhibiting p38 MAPK. This effect was preserved in the presence of marrow stromal cells designed to simulate the tumor micro-environment and in the CD138+ neoplastic plasma cells directly isolated from myeloma patients. The enhanced cytotoxicity of ATO+bortezomib was associated with augmented STAT3 inhibition and JNK activation, up-regulation of Bim, p21, p27, p53 as well as down-regulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, the synergistically potentiated apoptosis by p38 MAPK inhibition was associated with the attenuation of ATO+bortezomib-mediated activation of Hsp27 as well as the enhancement of ATO+bortezomib-mediated JNK activation, p53 up-regulation, and Bcl-2 down-regulation. The results suggest the opportunity for using p38 MAPK inhibition to enhance the efficacy of ATO+bortezomib in myeloma.
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Abstract
The NF-kappaB signaling pathway has particular relevance to several liver diseases including hepatitis (liver infection by Helicobacter, viral hepatitis induced by HBV and HCV), liver fibrosis and cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, the NF-kappaB signaling pathway is a potential target for development of hepatoprotective agents. Several types of drugs including: selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), antioxidants, proteasome inhibitors, IKK inhibitors and nucleic acid-based decoys have been shown to interfere with NF-kappaB activity at different levels and may be useful for the treatment of liver diseases. However, NF-kappaB also plays an important hepatoprotective function that needs to be taken into consideration during development of new therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sun
- Liver Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital and Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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23
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Chiloeches A, Sánchez-Pacheco A, Gil-Araujo B, Aranda A, Lasa M. Thyroid hormone-mediated activation of the ERK/dual specificity phosphatase 1 pathway augments the apoptosis of GH4C1 cells by down-regulating nuclear factor-kappaB activity. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2466-80. [PMID: 18755855 DOI: 10.1210/me.2008-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) plays a crucial role in processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, whereas its implication on cellular apoptosis has not been well documented. Here we examined the effect of T3 on the apoptosis of GH4C1 pituitary cells and the mechanisms underlying this effect. We show that T3 produced a significant increase in apoptosis in serum-depleted conditions. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent transcription, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, translocation of p65/NF-kappaB to the nucleus, phosphorylation, and transactivation. Moreover, these effects were correlated with a T3-induced decrease in the expression of antiapoptotic gene products, such as members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein and Bcl-2 families. On the other hand, ERK but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase or MAPK p38, was activated upon exposure to T3, and inhibition of ERK alone abrogated T3-mediated apoptosis. In addition, T3 increased the expression of the MAPK phosphatase, dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), in an ERK-dependent manner. Interestingly, the suppression of DUSP1 expression abrogated T3-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and p65/NF-kappaB translocation to the nucleus, as well as T3-mediated apoptosis. Overall, our results indicate that T3 induces apoptosis in rat pituitary tumor cells by down-regulating NF-kappaB activity through a mechanism dependent on the ERK/DUSP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Chiloeches
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Miah SMS, Hughes TL, Campbell KS. KIR2DL4 differentially signals downstream functions in human NK cells through distinct structural modules. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:2922-32. [PMID: 18292514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.5.2922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
KIR2DL4 (2DL4) is a member of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family in human NK cells. It can stimulate potent cytokine production and weak cytolytic activity in resting NK cells, but the mechanism for 2DL4-mediated signaling remains unclear. In this study we characterized the signaling pathways stimulated by 2DL4 engagement. In a human NK-like cell line, KHYG-1, cross-linking of 2DL4 activated MAPKs including JNK, ERK, and p38. Furthermore, 2DL4 cross-linking resulted in phosphorylation of IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta) and the phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha, which indicate activation of the classical NF-kappaB pathway. Engagement of 2DL4 was also shown to activate the transcription and translation of a variety of cytokine genes, including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, MIP1alpha, MIP1beta, and IL-8. Pharmacological inhibitors of JNK, MEK1/2 and p38, blocked IFN-gamma, IL-8, and MIP1alpha production, suggesting that MAPKs are regulating 2DL4-mediated cytokine production in a nonredundant manner. Activation of both p38 and ERK appear to be upstream of the stimulation of NF-kappaB. Mutation of a transmembrane arginine in 2DL4 to glycine (R/G mutant) abrogated FcepsilonRI-gamma association, as well as receptor-mediated cytolytic activity and calcium responses. Surprisingly, the R/G mutant still activated MAPKs and the NF-kappaB pathway and selectively stimulated the production of MIP1alpha, but not that of IFN-gamma or IL-8. In conclusion, we provide evidence that the activating functions of 2DL4 can be compartmentalized into two distinct structural modules: 1) through transmembrane association with FcepsilonRI-gamma; and 2) through another receptor domain independent of the transmembrane arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Shahjahan Miah
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Division of Basic Science, Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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25
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Sato K, Saito Y, Oka JI, Ohwada T, Nakazawa K. Effects of tamoxifen on L-glutamate transporters of astrocytes. J Pharmacol Sci 2008; 107:226-30. [PMID: 18544895 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08039sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) decreased the clearance of L-glutamate (L-Glu) by cultured astrocytes at 1 pM, 1 nM, and 1 microM, but became toxic at 10 microM. When L-Glu transporters were mostly inhibited by threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA) (1 mM) or D,L-threo-beta-hydroxyaspartate (THA) (1 mM), Tam (1 nM) did not change extracellular L-Glu concentration, confirming that Tam attenuates L-Glu transport through L-Glu transporters. ICI182,780, LY294002, and U0126 inhibited the effect of Tam dose-dependently, suggesting the involvement of estrogen receptors (ERs), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) cascade, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in the effect of Tam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Sato
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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26
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The combination of raloxifene and epigallocatechin gallate suppresses growth and induces apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Life Sci 2008; 82:943-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Deregulated expression of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic p53-dependent genes upon Elongator deficiency in colon cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:2122-34. [PMID: 18430410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Elongator, a multi-subunit complex assembled by the IkappaB kinase-associated protein (IKAP)/hELP1 scaffold protein is involved in transcriptional elongation in the nucleus as well as in tRNA modifications in the cytoplasm. However, the biological processes regulated by Elongator in human cells only start to be elucidated. Here we demonstrate that IKAP/hELP1 depleted colon cancer-derived cells show enhanced basal expression of some but not all pro-apoptotic p53-dependent genes such as BAX. Moreover, Elongator deficiency causes increased basal and daunomycin-induced expression of the pro-survival serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase (SGK) gene through a p53-dependent pathway. Thus, our data collectively demonstrate that Elongator deficiency triggers the activation of p53-dependent genes harbouring opposite functions with respect to apoptosis.
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Gauduchon J, Seguin A, Marsaud V, Clay D, Renoir JM, Sola B. Pure antiestrogen-induced G1-arrest in myeloma cells results from the reduced kinase activity of cyclin D3/CDK6 complexes whereas apoptosis is mediated by endoplasmic reticulum-dependent caspases. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:2130-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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29
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Zhou GJ, Zhang H, Zhi SD, Jiang GP, Wang J, Zhang M, Gan JX, Xu SW, Jiang GY. Protective effect of raloxifene on lipopolysaccharide and acid- induced acute lung injury in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1585-90. [PMID: 17883944 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the protective effect of oral raloxifene on acute lung injury. METHODS Thirty adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats each weighing 180-210 g were used and divided into 3 groups: the raloxifene-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-HCl group (n=10), the LPS-raloxifene-HCl group (n=10), and the placebo group (n=10). All the rats were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 5 mg/kg LPS, and raloxifene (30 mg/kg) was orally administered 1 h before and 14 h after LPS injection into the raloxifene-LPS-HCl and the LPS-raloxifene-HCl groups, respectively; the placebo group received nothing. Sixteen hours after LPS injection, all the animals were anesthetized and the femoral artery was cannulated. All the rats received a direct intratracheal (IT) injection of HCl (pH 1.2; 0.5 mL/kg). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood gas concentrations were measured. Fifteen rats (5 in each group, respectively) underwent a micro positron emission tomography (microPET) scan of the thorax 4 h after HCl instillation. The wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio determination and histopathological examination were also performed. RESULTS The rats in the LPS-raloxifene-HCl group had a lower [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake compared with the rats in the placebo group (4.67+/-1.33 vs 9.01+/-1.58, respectively, P<0.01). The rats in the LPS-raloxifene-HCl group also had a lower histological lung injury score (8.20+/-1.23 vs 12.6+/-0.97, respectively, P<0.01) and W/D weight ratio (5.335+/-0.198 vs 5.886+/-0.257, respectively, P<0.01) compared to the placebo group. The rats in this group also showed better pulmonary gas exchange and more stable mean arterial pressure (MAP) compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSION Raloxifene provides a significant protective effect on acute lung injury in rats induced first by LPS ip injection and then by HCl IT instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ju Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine and Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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30
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Sola B, Renoir JM. Estrogenic or antiestrogenic therapies for multiple myeloma? Mol Cancer 2007; 6:59. [PMID: 17888187 PMCID: PMC2082328 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy which remains incurable due to both intrinsic and acquired resistance to conventional or more novel drugs. Estrogenic and antiestrogenic compounds are very promising drugs for the treatment of MM. Indeed, they inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. They block cell cycle and/or induce apoptosis even in drug-resistant MM cells but not normal B cells. They interfere with survival pathways often deregulated in myelomas. They co-operate with conventional drugs to enhance apoptosis or to overcome resistance. In vivo, they act also on tumoral angiogenesis in xenograft models. As a whole, they possess all the criteria which render them attractive for a new therapeutic strategy. Importantly, they are well-tolerated at the doses tested in vitro or in vivo, encouraging the rapid onset of critical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Sola
- Biologie moléculaire et cellulaire de la signalisation, IFR 146, Université de Caen, Caen, France
| | - Jack-Michel Renoir
- Pharmacologie cellulaire et moléculaire des anticancéreux, CNRS UMR 8612, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- Université de Paris-Sud, IFR 141, Orsay, France
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31
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Tabruyn SP, Sabatel C, Nguyen NQN, Verhaeghe C, Castermans K, Malvaux L, Griffioen AW, Martial JA, Struman I. The Angiostatic 16K Human Prolactin Overcomes Endothelial Cell Anergy and Promotes Leukocyte Infiltration via Nuclear Factor-κB Activation. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:1422-9. [PMID: 17405903 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16-kDa N-terminal fragment of human prolactin (16K hPRL) is a potent angiostatic factor that inhibits tumor growth in mouse models. Using microarray experiments, we have dissected how the endothelial-cell genome responds to 16K hPRL treatment. We found 216 genes that show regulation by 16K hPRL, of which a large proportion turned out to be associated with the process of immunity. 16K hPRL induces expression of various chemokines and endothelial adhesion molecules. These expressions, under the control of nuclear factor-kappaB, result in an enhanced leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Furthermore, analysis of B16-F10 tumor tissues reveals a higher expression of adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, or E-selectin) in endothelial cells and a significantly higher number of infiltrated leukocytes within the tumor treated with 16K hPRL compared with the untreated ones. In conclusion, this study describes a new antitumor mechanism of 16K hPRL. Because cellular immunity against tumor cells is a crucial step in therapy, the discovery that treatment with 16K hPRL overcomes tumor-induced anergy may become important for therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien P Tabruyn
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering. GIGA Research, GIGA, B34, University of Liege, Sart Tilman 4000, Belgium
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Feldman I, Feldman GM, Mobarak C, Dunkelberg JC, Leslie KK. Identification of proteins within the nuclear factor-kappa B transcriptional complex including estrogen receptor-alpha. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:394.e1-11; discussion 394.e11-3. [PMID: 17403432 PMCID: PMC2175481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine whether cross-talk occurs between estrogen receptors (ERs) and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-kappaB), to assess the functional consequences of such an ER/NF-kappaB interaction, and to identify other unknown regulatory proteins that may participate in the NF-kappaB transcriptional complex. STUDY DESIGN Electromobility gel shifts, reporter gene assays, and mass spectrometry were used to identify proteins interacting with the NF-kappaB deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) response element. RESULTS ER and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB colocalized on DNA. This interaction was inhibitory for ER transcriptional activity. Sequencing of proteins bound to the NF-kappaB/DNA complex identified DNA-modifying enzymes, scaffolding proteins, chaperones, and elements of the nuclear matrix. CONCLUSION These studies have identified an inhibitory interaction between estrogen receptors and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB with implications for estrogen action in pregnancy and cancer. New accessory proteins have also been identified that bind to protein complexes on the NF-kappaB DNA response element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irv Feldman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
| | | | - Charlotte Mobarak
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Women’s Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jeffrey C. Dunkelberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kimberly K. Leslie
- Reproductive Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Women’s Cancer Research Program, Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
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Verhaeghe C, Tabruyn SP, Oury C, Bours V, Griffioen AW. Intrinsic pro-angiogenic status of cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:745-9. [PMID: 17382901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a common genetic disorder characterized by a severe lung inflammation and fibrosis leading to the patient's death. Enhanced angiogenesis in cystic fibrosis (CF) tissue has been suggested, probably caused by the process of inflammation, as similarly described in asthma and chronic bronchitis. The present study demonstrates an intrinsic pro-angiogenic status of cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. Microarray experiments showed that CF airway epithelial cells expressed several angiogenic factors such as VEGF-A, VEGF-C, bFGF, and PLGF at higher levels than control cells. These data were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and, at the protein level, by ELISA. Conditioned media of these cystic fibrosis cells were able to induce proliferation, migration and sprouting of cultured primary endothelial cells. This report describes for the first time that cystic fibrosis epithelial cells have an intrinsic angiogenic activity. Since excess of angiogenesis is correlated with more severe pulmonary disease, our results could lead to the development of new therapeutic applications.
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Abstract
This article serves as an introduction to the collection of reviews on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). It provides an overview of the discovery and current status of NF-kappaB as a research topic. Described are the structures, activities and regulation of the proteins in the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. NF-kappaB signaling is primarily regulated by inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) proteins and the IkappaB kinase complex through two major pathways: the canonical and non-canonical NF-kappaB pathways. The organization and focus of articles included in the following reviews are described, as well as likely future areas of research interest on NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Gilmore
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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De Bosscher K, Vanden Berghe W, Haegeman G. Cross-talk between nuclear receptors and nuclear factor kappaB. Oncogene 2006; 25:6868-86. [PMID: 17072333 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A variety of studies have shown that some activated nuclear receptors (NRs), especially the glucorticoid receptor, the estrogen receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, can inhibit the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), which plays a key role in the control of genes involved in inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of cross-talk between NRs and NF-kappaB and the biological relevance of this cross-talk. The importance and mechanistic aspects of selective NR modulation are discussed. Also included are future research prospects, which will lead to a new era in the field of NR research with the aim of specifically inhibiting NF-kappaB-driven gene expression for anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and immune-modulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K De Bosscher
- Laboratory for Eukaryotic Gene Expression and Signal Transduction (LEGEST), Department of Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
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36
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Olivier S, Robe P, Bours V. Can NF-κB be a target for novel and efficient anti-cancer agents? Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:1054-68. [PMID: 16973133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the NF-kappaB transcription factor in 1986 and the cloning of the genes coding for NF-kappaB and IkappaB proteins, many studies demonstrated that this transcription factor can, in most cases, protect transformed cells from apoptosis and therefore participate in the onset or progression of many human cancers. Molecular studies demonstrated that ancient widely used drugs, known for their chemopreventive or therapeutic activities against human cancers, inhibit NF-kappaB, usually among other biological effects. It is therefore considered that the anti-cancer activities of NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or glucocorticoids are probably partially related to the inhibition of NF-kappaB and new clinical trials are being initiated with old compounds such as sulfasalazine. In parallel, many companies have developed novel agents acting on the NF-kappaB pathway: some of these agents are supposed to be NF-kappaB specific (i.e. IKK inhibitors) while others have wide-range biological activities (i.e. proteasome inhibitors). Today, the most significant clinical data have been obtained with bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, for the treatment of multiple myeloma. This review discusses the preclinical and clinical data obtained with these various drugs and their putative future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Olivier
- Department of Rheumatology, Centre for Biomedical Integrative Genoproteomics, University of Liège, CHU B35, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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