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Iqbal A, Alam MT, Khan A, Siddiqui T, Ali A. Inhibition of protein misfolding and aggregation by steroidal quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and their molecular docking studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132020. [PMID: 38704061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
A series of D-ring fused 16-substituted steroidal quinoxalin-2(1H)-one attached to an electron-releasing (ER) or electron-withdrawing (EW) groups via steroidal oxoacetate intermediate were synthesized to investigate their protein aggregation inhibition potential using human lysozyme (HLZ). The influence of the type of substituent at the C-6 positions of the quinoxalin-2(1H)-one ring on the protein aggregation inhibition potential was observed, showing that the EW moiety improved the protein aggregation inhibition potency. Of all the evaluated compounds, NO2-substituted quinoxalin-2(1H)-one derivative 13 was the most active compound and had a maximum protein aggregation inhibition effect. Significant stabilization effects strongly support the binding of the most biologically active steroidal quinoxalin-2(1H)-one with docking studies. The predicted physicochemical and ADME properties lie within a drug-like space which shows no violation of Lipinski's rule of five except compounds 12 and 13. Combined, our results suggest that D-ring fused 16-substituted steroidal quinoxalin-2(1H)-one has the potential to modulate the protein aggregation inhibition effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfeen Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Md Tauqir Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Asna Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Tabassum Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India
| | - Abad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, UP, India.
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2
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Wołowiec A, Wołowiec Ł, Grześk G, Jaśniak A, Osiak J, Husejko J, Kozakiewicz M. The Role of Selected Epigenetic Pathways in Cardiovascular Diseases as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13723. [PMID: 37762023 PMCID: PMC10531432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a rapidly developing science that has gained a lot of interest in recent years due to the correlation between characteristic epigenetic marks and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Epigenetic modifications contribute to a change in gene expression while maintaining the DNA sequence. The analysis of these modifications provides a thorough insight into the cardiovascular system from its development to its further functioning. Epigenetics is strongly influenced by environmental factors, including known cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and low physical activity. Similarly, conditions affecting the local microenvironment of cells, such as chronic inflammation, worsen the prognosis in cardiovascular diseases and additionally induce further epigenetic modifications leading to the consolidation of unfavorable cardiovascular changes. A deeper understanding of epigenetics may provide an answer to the continuing strong clinical impact of cardiovascular diseases by improving diagnostic capabilities, personalized medical approaches and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. The aim of the study was to present selected epigenetic pathways, their significance in cardiovascular diseases, and their potential as a therapeutic target in specific medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wołowiec
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Łukasz Wołowiec
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Albert Jaśniak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Joanna Osiak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jakub Husejko
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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Kanlı Z, Cabadak H, Aydın B. Potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of pilocarpine combined with TNF alpha in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02418-4. [PMID: 36781441 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Pilocarpine is a selective M1/M3 agonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are different drug targets. The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of pilocarpine on the expression of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, the AChE activity, IL-8 release response, and proliferation in K562 cells, via muscarinic receptor activation. Human chronic myeloid leukemic cell cultures were incubated with drugs. Proliferation assays were performed by BrdU assay. Expression of M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and apoptosis proteins such as bcl, bax, cyt C, and caspases was assessed with the semiquantitative Western blotting method. Pilocarpine inhibits chronic myeloid cell proliferation and M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor protein expression. Pilocarpine increases caspase-8 and -9 expression levels, upregulating the proapoptotic protein Bax and downregulating the expression levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. The apoptotic activity of pilocarpine is associated with an increase in AChE activity. M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors can activate multiple signal transduction systems and mediate inhibitory effects on chronic myeloid K562 cell proliferation depending on the presence of 1% FBS conditions. This apoptotic effect of pilocarpine may be due to the concentration of pilocarpine and the increase in AChE level. Our results suggest that inhibition of cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis of pilocarpine in K562 cells may be one of the targets. M3 selective agonist may have therapeutic potential in chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Kanlı
- Institute of Health Sciences, Marmara University, Basibuyuk-Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
| | - Hülya Cabadak
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey.
| | - Banu Aydın
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Maltepe, Istanbul, 34854, Turkey
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4
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Quality Control of Xiebai San Standard Decoction Assisted by Network Pharmacology Strategy. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Zhou W, Chen Z, Li W, Wang Y, Li X, Yu H, Ran P, Liu Z. Systems pharmacology uncovers the mechanisms of anti-asthma herbal medicine intervention (ASHMI) for the prevention of asthma. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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6
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Krajewski D, Kaczenski E, Rovatti J, Polukort S, Thompson C, Dollard C, Ser-Dolansky J, Schneider SS, Kinney SRM, Mathias CB. Epigenetic Regulation via Altered Histone Acetylation Results in Suppression of Mast Cell Function and Mast Cell-Mediated Food Allergic Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2414. [PMID: 30405614 PMCID: PMC6206211 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are highly versatile cells that perform a variety of functions depending on the immune trigger, context of activation, and cytokine stimulus. Antigen-mediated mast cell responses are regulated by transcriptional processes that result in the induction of numerous genes contributing to mast cell function. Recently, we also showed that exposure to dietary agents with known epigenetic actions such as curcumin can suppress mast cell-mediated food allergy, suggesting that mast cell responses in vivo may be epigenetically regulated. To further assess the effects of epigenetic modifications on mast cell function, we examined the behavior of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) in response to trichostatin A (TSA) treatment, a well-studied histone deacetylase inhibitor. IgE-mediated BMMC activation resulted in enhanced expression and secretion of IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-13. In contrast, pretreatment with TSA resulted in altered cytokine secretion. This was accompanied by decreased expression of FcεRI and mast cell degranulation. Interestingly, exposure to non-IgE stimuli such as IL-33, was also affected by TSA treatment. Furthermore, continuous TSA exposure contributed to mast cell apoptosis and a decrease in survival. Further examination revealed an increase in I-κBα and a decrease in phospho-relA levels in TSA-treated BMMCs, suggesting that TSA alters transcriptional processes, resulting in enhancement of I-κBα transcription and decreased NF-κB activation. Lastly, treatment of wild-type mice with TSA in a model of ovalbumin-induced food allergy resulted in a significant attenuation in the development of food allergy symptoms including decreases in allergic diarrhea and mast cell activation. These data therefore suggest that the epigenetic regulation of mast cell activation during immune responses may occur via altered histone acetylation, and that exposure to dietary substances may induce epigenetic modifications that modulate mast cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Krajewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Edwin Kaczenski
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Rovatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Stephanie Polukort
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Chelsea Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Catherine Dollard
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States.,Northampton High School, Northampton, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Ser-Dolansky
- Baystate Medical Center, Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Sallie S Schneider
- Baystate Medical Center, Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Shannon R M Kinney
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
| | - Clinton B Mathias
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA, United States
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Reduced Activity of HDAC3 and Increased Acetylation of Histones H3 in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:7313515. [PMID: 30402512 PMCID: PMC6192092 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7313515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant histone acetylation and deacetylation are increasingly thought to play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, limited data from studies about the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) in RA are controversial. Those conflicting results may be caused by sample size, medication, and age- and sex-matched controls. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and activity of class I HDACs (1-3.8) and their effects on histone acetylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients. The expression of class I HDACs in PBMCs from RA patients was decreased in both mRNA and protein levels in comparison with HCs. The nuclear HAT activities were dramatically increased. Further, we found HDAC3 activity to be the most significantly reduced in overall reduction of HDACs in the RA group. The extent of total histone H3, but not H4, acetylation in PBMCs from RA patients was increased compared to that in healthy controls (HCs) (p < 0.01). In RA PBMCs, the activity and expression of class I HDACs are decreased, which is accompanied with enhanced HAT activity. An altered balance between HDAC and HAT activity was found in RA PBMCs.
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Lkhagva B, Kao YH, Lee TI, Lee TW, Cheng WL, Chen YJ. Activation of Class I histone deacetylases contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes with altered complex activities. Epigenetics 2018; 13:376-385. [PMID: 29613828 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1460032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play vital roles in the pathophysiology of heart failure, which is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contributes to the genesis of heart failure and impairs mitochondria. This study evaluated the role of HDACs in TNF-α-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and investigated their therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms. We measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production using Seahorse XF24 extracellular flux analyzer and bioluminescent assay in control and TNF-α (10 ng/ml, 24 h)-treated HL-1 cells with or without HDAC inhibition. TNF-α increased Class I and II (but not Class IIa) HDAC activities (assessed by Luminescent) with enhanced expressions of Class I (HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3, and HDAC8) but not Class IIb HDAC (HDAC6 and HDAC10) proteins in HL-1 cells. TNF-α induced mitochondrial dysfunction with impaired basal, ATP-linked, and maximal respiration, decreased cellular ATP synthesis, and increased mitochondrial superoxide production (measured by MitoSOX red fluorescence), which were rescued by inhibiting HDACs with MPT0E014 (1 μM, a Class I and IIb inhibitor), or MS-275 (1 μM, a Class I inhibitor). MPT0E014 reduced TNF-α-decreased complex I and II enzyme (but not III or IV) activities (by enzyme activity microplate assays). Our results suggest that Class I HDAC actions contribute to TNF-α-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes with altered complex I and II enzyme regulation. HDAC inhibition improves dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics with attenuation of TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, suggesting the therapeutic potential of HDAC inhibition in cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baigalmaa Lkhagva
- a Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,b Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine , Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences , Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- a Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,c Department of Medical Education and Research , Wan Fang Hospital , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- d Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Department of General Medicine , School of Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,e Department of Internal Medicine , Wan Fang Hospital , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- a Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,f Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine , Wan Fang Hospital , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Wan-Li Cheng
- a Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- a Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.,g Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Wan Fang Hospital , Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Comer BS, Camoretti-Mercado B, Kogut PC, Halayko AJ, Solway J, Gerthoffer WT. Cyclooxygenase-2 and microRNA-155 expression are elevated in asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 52:438-47. [PMID: 25180620 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0129oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and PGE2 secretion from human airway smooth muscle cells (hASMCs) may contribute to β2-adrenoceptor hyporesponsiveness, a clinical feature observed in some patients with asthma. hASMCs from patients with asthma exhibit elevated expression of cytokine-responsive genes, and in some instances this is attributable to an altered histone code and/or microRNA expression. We hypothesized that COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion might be elevated in asthmatic hASMCs in response to proinflammatory signals in part due to altered histone acetylation and/or microRNA expression. hASMCs obtained from nonasthmatic and asthmatic human subjects were treated with cytomix (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). A greater elevation of COX-2 mRNA, COX-2 protein, and PGE2 secretion was observed in the asthmatic cells. We investigated histone H3/H4-acetylation, transcription factor binding, mRNA stability, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and microRNA (miR)-155 expression as potential mechanisms responsible for the differential elevation of COX-2 expression. We found that histone H3/H4-acetylation and transcription factor binding to the COX-2 promoter were similar in both groups, and histone H3/H4-acetylation did not increase after cytomix treatment. Cytomix treatment elevated NF-κB and RNA polymerase II binding to similar levels in both groups. COX-2 mRNA stability was increased in asthmatic cells. MiR-155 expression was higher in cytomix-treated asthmatic cells, and we show it enhances COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion in asthmatic and nonasthmatic hASMCs. Thus, miR-155 expression positively correlates with COX-2 expression in the asthmatic hASMCs and may contribute to the elevated expression observed in these cells. These findings may explain, at least in part, β2-adrenoceptor hyporesponsiveness in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Comer
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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Interferon-γ differentially modulates the impact of tumor necrosis factor-α on human endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biol 2015; 15:146-53. [PMID: 26370457 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory T helper (Th)-1 cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), are immunological factors relevant at the feto-maternal interface and involved in the pathophysiology of implantation disorders. The synergistic action of the two cytokines has been described with regard to apoptotic cell death and inflammatory responses in different cell types, but little is known regarding the human endometrium. Therefore, we examined the interaction of TNF-α and IFN-γ in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). ESCs were isolated from specimens obtained during hysterectomy and decidualized in vitro. Cells were incubated with TNF-α, IFN-γ or signaling-inhibitor. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-1, prolactin (PRL), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted protein (RANTES) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were measured using ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. Nuclear factor of transcription (NF)-κB and its inhibitor (IκBα) were analyzed by in-cell western assay and transcription factor assay. TNF-α inhibited and IFN-γ did not affect the decidualization of ESCs. In contrast, IFN-gamma differentially modulated the stimulating effect of TNF-alpha on cytokines by enhancing IL-6, RANTES and MCP-1 and attenuating LIF mRNA expression. These effects were time- and dose-dependent. IFN-γ had no impact on the initial activation of NF-κB signaling. Histone-deacetylase activity was involved in the modulating effect of IFN-γ on RANTES secretion. These observations showed a distinct pattern of interaction of the Th-1 cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the human endometrium, which could play an important role in the pathophysiology of implantation disorders.
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Wilson CB, McLaughlin LD, Ebenezer PJ, Nair AR, Francis J. Valproic acid effects in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in an animal model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Association of serum cytokines levels, interleukin 10 -1082G/A and interferon-γ +874T/A polymorphisms with atopic asthma children from Saudi Arabia. Cell Immunol 2014; 289:21-6. [PMID: 24709010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to clarify the role of IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and interferon (IFN) -γ levels in atopic asthma patients by studying the relation between their serum levels and severity of the disease. The effect of IL-10 -1082G/A and IFN-γ +874T/A SNPs was also studied. The study included 200 atopic children with asthma and 50 age- and gender matched healthy children as controls. The levels of both IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly (p<0.001) higher, while IFN-γ was significantly (p<0.001) lower in patients compared to that of the controls. There was a significant effect of gene polymorphisms of IL-10 (p<0.05) and IFN-γ (p<0.001) in occurrence of atopic asthma and increased IgE level. Polymorphism of IFN-γ gene had an effect on the serum level of IFN-γ. In conclusion, IFN-γ gene polymorphism at position +874 and IL-10 gene polymorphism at position -1082A/G are genetic determinants which contribute to susceptibility to atopic asthma in children from Saudi Arabia.
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Placeres-Uray FA, Febres-Aldana CA, Fernandez-Ruiz R, Gonzalez de Alfonzo R, Lippo de Becemberg IA, Alfonzo MJ. M2 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulates rat airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. World Allergy Organ J 2013; 6:22. [PMID: 24377382 PMCID: PMC3898804 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Airways chronic inflammatory conditions in asthma and COPD are characterized by tissue remodeling, being smooth muscle hyperplasia, the most important feature. Non-neuronal and neuronal Acetylcholine acting on muscarinic receptors (MAChRs) has been postulated as determinant of tissue remodeling in asthma and COPD by promoting proliferation and phenotypic changes of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC). The objective was to evaluate proliferative responses to muscarinic agonist as carbamylcholine (Cch) and to identify the MAchR subtype involved. ASMC were isolated from tracheal fragments of Sprague-Dawley rats by enzymatic digestion. Proliferation assays were performed by MTS-PMS method. Viability was confirmed by trypan blue exclusion method. Mitogens as, epidermal growth factor (EGF), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) increased ASMC proliferation (p < 0.05, n = 5). Cch alone increased ASMC proliferation at 24 and 48 hrs. However, combination of Cch with other mitogens exhibited a dual effect, synergistic proliferation effect in the presence of EGF (5 ng/mL) and 5% FBS and inhibiting the proliferation induced by 10% FBS, EGF (10 ng/mL) and TNF-α (10 ng/mL). To determine the MAChR subtype involved in these biological responses, a titration curve of selective muscarinic antagonists were performed. The Cch stimulatory and inhibitory effects on ASCM proliferation was blocked by AF-DX-116 (M2AChR selective antagonist), in greater proportion than 4-DAMP (M3AChR selective antagonist), suggesting that the modulation of muscarinic agonist-induced proliferation is M2AChR mediated responses. Thus, M2AChR can activate multiple signal transduction systems and mediate both effects on ASMC proliferation depending on the plethora and variable airway microenvironments existing in asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola A Placeres-Uray
- Sección de Biomembranas, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela (U.C.V), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Christopher A Febres-Aldana
- Sección de Biomembranas, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela (U.C.V), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz
- Sección de Biomembranas, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela (U.C.V), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ramona Gonzalez de Alfonzo
- Sección de Biomembranas, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela (U.C.V), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Itala A Lippo de Becemberg
- Sección de Biomembranas, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela (U.C.V), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marcelo J Alfonzo
- Sección de Biomembranas, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela (U.C.V), Caracas, Venezuela
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Nakajima Y, Nakamura Y, Shigeeda W, Tomoyasu M, Deguchi H, Tanita T, Yamauchi K. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ in regulating angiomotin-like protein 1 expression in lung microvascular endothelial cells. Allergol Int 2013; 62:309-22. [PMID: 23793505 DOI: 10.2332/allergolint.12-oa-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis in the alveolar septa is thought be a critical factor in pulmonary emphysema. Angiomotin-like protein 1 (AmotL1) is involved in angiogenesis via regulating endothelial cell function. However, the role of AmotL1 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema has not been elucidated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of AmotL1 in lung tissues from a murine model with emphysema, as well as from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, we analyzed the regulation of AmotL1 expression by TNF-α and IFN-γ in endothelial cells in vitro. METHODS Nrf2 knockout mice were exposed to cigarette smoke (CS) for 4 weeks, and the down-regulated genes affecting vascularity in the whole lung were identified by microarray analysis. This analysis revealed that the mRNA expression of AmotL1 decreased in response to CS when compared with air exposure. To confirm the protein levels that were indicated in the microarray data, we determined the expression of AmotL1 in lung tissues obtained from patients with COPD and also determined the expression of AmotL1, NFκB and IκBα in cultured normal human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) that were stimulated by TNF-α and IFN-γ. RESULTS We found that the number of AmotL1-positive vessels decreased in the emphysema lungs compared with the normal and bronchial asthmatic lungs. IFN-γ pretreatment diminished the TNF-α-induced AmotL1 in the cultured HLMVECs by blocking the degradation of IκBα. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that IFN-γ exhibits anti-angiogenesis effects by regulating the expression of TNF-α-induced AmotL1 via NFκB in emphysema lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakajima
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Iwate 020-8505, Japan
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Ma Z, Sun W. The effect of aerosol polyethylenimine/interferon-γ plasmid complexes on expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse lung. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2013; 27:117-24. [PMID: 23789706 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2012.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue plays an important role in immune function of the lung. In this study, we tested whether aerosol delivery of the gene of interferon-γ (IFNγ) could affect inflammatory cytokine expression in mouse lung. METHODS Murine IFNγ-expressing plasmids (pcDNA-IFNγ) complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) (PEI/pcDNA-IFNγ) were constructed, and their transfection efficiency was assessed in vivo using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After aerosol administration of the plasmid complexes and confirmation of the IFNγ plasmid location in lung tissue, we measured mRNA levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on days 1 to 7 in mouse lung tissues using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS IFNγ mRNA expression in mouse lung was significantly increased 24 hr after a single aerosol administration of PEI/pcDNA-IFNγ and gradually decreased over the next 5 days, whereas the mRNA expressions of IL-1, IL-6, and GM-CSF were markedly decreased, but not those of IL-10 and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS PEI/IFNγ gene therapy delivered by aerosol has immune-regulating potential by suppressing lung cytokine mRNA expression, and therefore may alleviate lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command , Shenyang, 110016, China
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Clifford RL, Singer CA, John AE. Epigenetics and miRNA emerge as key regulators of smooth muscle cell phenotype and function. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:75-85. [PMID: 22800879 PMCID: PMC4076625 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of phenotypic plasticity in smooth muscle requires an understanding of the mechanisms regulating phenotype-specific genes and the processes dysregulated during pathogenesis. Decades of study in airway smooth muscle has provided extensive knowledge of the gene expression patterns and signaling pathways necessary to maintain and alter smooth muscle cell phenotype. With this solid foundation, the importance and complexity of inheritable epigenetic modifications and mechanisms silencing gene expression have now emerged as fundamental components regulating aspects of inflammation, proliferation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Clifford
- University of Nottingham Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England, UK
| | - Cherie A. Singer
- University of Nevada School of Medicine Center for Molecular Medicine 573 Department of Pharmacology, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Alison E. John
- Corresponding Author University of Nottingham Division of Respiratory Medicine and Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, England, UK Tel:+44 115 8231106 Fax: +44 115 8231946
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Hakim A, Adcock IM, Usmani OS. Corticosteroid resistance and novel anti-inflammatory therapies in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current evidence and future direction. Drugs 2012; 72:1299-312. [PMID: 22731962 DOI: 10.2165/11634350-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are widely used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, in contrast to their use in mild-to-moderate asthma, they are much less effective in enhancing lung function and have little or no effect on controlling the underlying chronic inflammation. In most clinical trials in COPD patients, corticosteroids have shown little benefit as monotherapy, but have shown a greater clinical effect in combination with long-acting bronchodilators. Several mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance have been postulated, including a reduction in histone deacetylase (HDAC)-2 activity and expression, impaired corticosteroid activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and increased pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. Reversal of corticosteroid resistance in COPD patients by restoring HDAC2 levels has proved effective in a small study, and long-term studies are needed to determine whether novel HDAC2 activators or theophylline improve disease progression, exacerbations or mortality. Advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid resistance in COPD pathophysiology have supported the development of new emerging classes of anti-inflammatory drugs in COPD treatment. These include treatments such as inhibitors of phosphoinositide-3-kinase-delta (PI3Kδ), phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and therapeutic agents such as chemokine receptor antagonists. Of these, PI3Kδ, PDE4, p38 MAPK inhibitors and chemokine receptor antagonists are in clinical patient trials. Of importance, patient adverse effects associated with oral administration of these novel agents needs to be addressed in order to optimize therapy and patient compliance. Combinations of these drugs with corticosteroids may have additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hakim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
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Durham A, Chou PC, Kirkham P, Adcock IM. Epigenetics in asthma and other inflammatory lung diseases. Epigenomics 2012; 2:523-37. [PMID: 22121972 DOI: 10.2217/epi.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. The causes of asthma and other inflammatory lung diseases are thought to be both environmental and heritable. Genetic studies do not adequately explain the heritability and susceptabilty to the disease, and recent evidence suggests that epigentic changes may underlie these processes. Epigenetics are heritable noncoding changes to DNA and can be influenced by environmental factors such as smoking and traffic pollution, which can cause genome-wide and gene-specific changes in DNA methylation. In addition, alterations in histone acetyltransferase/deacetylase activities can be observed in the cells of patients with lung diseases such as severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and are often linked to smoking. Drugs such as glucocorticoids, which are used to control inflammation, are dependent on histone deacetylase activity, which may be important in patients with severe asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who do not respond well to glucocorticoid therapy. Future work targeting specific histone acetyltransferases/deacetylases or (de)methylases may prove to be effective future anti-inflammatory treatments for patients with treatment-unresponsive asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Durham
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
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20
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Banerjee A, Trivedi CM, Damera G, Jiang M, Jester W, Hoshi T, Epstein JA, Panettieri RA. Trichostatin A abrogates airway constriction, but not inflammation, in murine and human asthma models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 46:132-8. [PMID: 22298527 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2010-0276oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors may offer novel approaches in the treatment of asthma. We postulate that trichostatin A (TSA), a Class 1 and 2 inhibitor of HDAC, inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness in antigen-challenged mice. Mice were sensitized and challenged with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen (AF) and treated with TSA, dexamethasone, or vehicle. Lung resistance (R(L)) and dynamic compliance were measured, and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed for numbers of leukocytes and concentrations of cytokines. Human precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were treated with TSA and their agonist-induced bronchoconstriction was measured, and TSA-treated human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells were evaluated for the agonist-induced activation of Rho and intracellular release of Ca(2+). The activity of HDAC in murine lungs was enhanced by antigen and abrogated by TSA. TSA also inhibited methacholine (Mch)-induced increases in R(L) and decreases in dynamic compliance in naive control mice and in AF-sensitized and -challenged mice. Total cell counts, concentrations of IL-4, and numbers of eosinophils in BALF were unchanged in mice treated with TSA or vehicle, whereas dexamethasone inhibited the numbers of eosinophils in BALF and concentrations of IL-4. TSA inhibited the carbachol-induced contraction of PCLS. Treatment with TSA inhibited the intracellular release of Ca(2+) in ASM cells in response to histamine, without affecting the activation of Rho. The inhibition of HDAC abrogates airway hyperresponsiveness to Mch in both naive and antigen-challenged mice. TSA inhibits the agonist-induced contraction of PCLS and mobilization of Ca(2+) in ASM cells. Thus, HDAC inhibitors demonstrate a mechanism of action distinct from that of anti-inflammatory agents such as steroids, and represent a promising therapeutic agent for airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audreesh Banerjee
- Translational Research Laboratories, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 125 South 31st St., Translational Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA.
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Segreti A, Cazzola M. Emerging drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2012; 17:61-82. [DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2012.660917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Nakache R, Lakhrissi B, Mrabet FZE, Elhessni A, Ouichou A, Benazzouz B, Mesfioui A. Synthesis and Influence of Two Quinoxalinone Derivatives on Anxiety- and Depressive-Like Responses in Wistar Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/nm.2012.34039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Koziol-White CJ, Panettieri RA. Airway smooth muscle and immunomodulation in acute exacerbations of airway disease. Immunol Rev 2011; 242:178-85. [PMID: 21682745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) manifests a hyperresponsive phenotype in airway disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. Current evidence also suggests that ASM modulates immune responses by secreting mediators and expressing cell surface molecules. Such processes amplify or dampen inflammation by inflammatory cells in the airways or by altering cellular responses to viruses, bacteria, or pathogens known to exacerbate airways diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia J Koziol-White
- Airways Biology Initiative, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3413, USA
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Suzuki JI, Ogawa M, Muto S, Itai A, Isobe M, Hirata Y, Nagai R. Novel IkB kinase inhibitors for treatment of nuclear factor-kB-related diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2011; 20:395-405. [PMID: 21314234 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.559162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NF-kB is a key regulator of inflammation and immunity in cancer development. The IkB kinase (IKK) is a multisubunit complex containing catalytic subunits termed IKK-α, -β and -γ. It is well known that many pro-inflammatory stimuli require the IKK-β subunit for NF-kB activation. AREAS COVERED NF-kB affects the progression of inflammation-related diseases,such as myocardial ischemia, bronchial asthma, arthritis, cancer and other diseases. We review the characteristics and effects of these inhibitors on inflammatory and other diseases. EXPERT OPINION Various synthesized IKK inhibitors have been developed and they will be used clinically in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Suzuki
- University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Durham AL, Wiegman C, Adcock IM. Epigenetics of asthma. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1103-9. [PMID: 21397662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is caused by both heritable and environmental factors. It has become clear that genetic studies do not adequately explain the heritability and susceptibility to asthma. The study of epigenetics, heritable non-coding changes to DNA may help to explain the heritable component of asthma. Additionally, epigenetic modifications can be influenced by the environment, including pollution and cigarette smoking, which are known asthma risk factors. These environmental trigger-induced epigenetic changes may be involved in skewing the immune system towards a Th2 phenotype following in utero exposure and thereby enhancing the risk of asthma. Alternatively, they may directly or indirectly modulate the immune and inflammatory processes in asthmatics via effects on treatment responsiveness. The study of epigenetics may therefore play an important role in our understanding and possible treatment of asthma and other allergic diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Durham
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK.
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26
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Baarsma HA, Meurs H, Halayko AJ, Menzen MH, Schmidt M, Kerstjens HAM, Gosens R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 regulates cigarette smoke extract- and IL-1β-induced cytokine secretion by airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L910-9. [PMID: 21421749 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00232.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a constitutively active kinase that regulates multiple signaling proteins and transcription factors involved in inflammation. Its role in inflammatory lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is largely unknown. We investigated the role of GSK-3 in the secretion of chemokines and growth factors by human airway smooth muscle cells after exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) or interleukin-1β (IL-1β), important factors involved in the development of COPD. Cultured human airway smooth muscle cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of CSE (1-15%) and IL-1β (0.01-1.0 ng/ml), which induced the secretion of VEGF-A and IL-8, whereas eotaxin secretion was induced by IL-1β only. Inhibition of GSK-3 by the selective inhibitor SB216763 or CHIR/CT99021 attenuated the cytokine and growth factor release induced by CSE and/or IL-1β, without affecting the basal release. Secretion of the cytokines by airway smooth muscle partially depends on NF-κB signaling, and GSK-3 has been implicated in regulating multiple steps in activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. IL-1β treatment induced degradation of the NF-κB inhibitory protein Iκ-Bα followed by nuclear translocation and DNA binding of p65 NF-κB, which were unaffected by inhibition of GSK-3. However, induction of NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity by IL-1β and CSE was largely reduced upon GSK-3 inhibition by SB216763. Collectively, we demonstrate that CSE and IL-1β activate airway smooth muscle cells to secrete the proinflammatory cytokines IL-8, eotaxin, and VEGF-A. Furthermore, we show that GSK-3 regulates the release of these cytokines induced by CSE and IL-1β by promoting NF-κB-dependent gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoeke A Baarsma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Redhu NS, Saleh A, Halayko AJ, Ali AS, Gounni AS. Essential role of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors in TNF-α-induced TSLP expression in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 300:L479-85. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00301.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells are a rich source of inflammatory mediators that may propagate the airway inflammatory responses. Recent studies from our laboratory and others demonstrate that HASM cells express the proallergic cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in vitro and in vivo. Compelling evidence from in vitro studies and animal models suggest that the TSLP is a critical factor sufficient and necessary to induce or maintain the allergic airway inflammation. Despite of an immense interest in pathophysiology of TSLP in allergic inflammation, the triggers and mechanisms of TSLP expression remain inadequately understood. In this study, we found that TNF-α upregulates the TSLP mRNA and induces high levels of TSLP protein release in primary human ASM cells. Interestingly, TNF-α induced the TSLP promoter activity ( P < 0.05; n = 4) in HASM that was mediated by upstream NF-κB and activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding sites. Mutation in NF-κB and AP-1 binding sites completely abrogated the effect of TNF-α-mediated TSLP promoter activity and so did the expression of a dominant-negative mutant construct of IκB kinase. Furthermore, the peptide inhibitors of IκB kinase or NF-κB inhibited the TNF-α-induced TSLP protein release ( P < 0.05; n = 3) in HASM. Collectively, our data suggest a novel important biological role for NF-κB pathway in TNF-α-induced TSLP expression in HASM and recommend this as a prime target for anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew J. Halayko
- Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Guan YQ, Li Z, Liu JM. Death signal transduction induced by co-immobilized TNF-α plus IFN-γ and the development of polymeric anti-cancer drugs. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9074-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kelleher AR, Fairchild TJ, Keslacy S. STZ-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with increased p65 content and downregulation of insulin pathway without NF-κB canonical cascade activation. Acta Diabetol 2010; 47:315-23. [PMID: 20640583 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-010-0209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with an increased incidence in morbidity and mortality. Although the precise mechanism of diabetes-induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains to be established, several NF-κB-dependent pro-inflammatory genes have been identified as potential therapeutic targets. Moreover, activation of NF-κB has previously been shown to be required for cytokine-induced loss of skeletal muscle proteins. Therefore, we investigated activation of the NF-κB canonical pathway, concomitant to insulin signaling activation in skeletal muscle from diabetes-induced rats. Ten rats injected with streptozotocin (STZ) 4 weeks prior to tissue extraction were compared to 10 control rats. Using total, cytosolic and nuclear protein extracts from hindlimb muscles: soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), gastrocnemius (GM) and liver tissue, we assessed key proteins important for the activation of both NF-κB and insulin pathways. Insulin blood concentration decreased to 3.9 ± 1.2 mU/ml following STZ-injection resulting in hyperglycemia (17.9 ± 0.7 mmol/l). SOL, EDL and GM mass decreased, and liver mass increased following STZ injection. NF-κB/p65 content in SOL, GM and liver increased in STZ-injected rats, without any change in IκB degradation or IKK phosphorylation. Muscle NF-κB/p65 remained bound to IκB and did not translocate or bind to DNA. Although the canonical NF-κB cascade was not activated, STZ induced a decrease in insulin pathway proteins including insulin receptor (IR) and substrate (IRS-1) content and phosphorylation compared to control animals. A downregulation of insulin pathway proteins and muscle atrophy occurred in response to STZ administration, and despite increased p65 content, STZ treatment did not activate the canonical NF-κB cascade. Therefore, it is unlikely that hyperglycemia initiates skeletal muscle atrophy via activation of the NF-κB canonical pathway.
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Backus GS, Howden R, Fostel J, Bauer AK, Cho HY, Marzec J, Peden DB, Kleeberger SR. Protective role of interleukin-10 in ozone-induced pulmonary inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:1721-7. [PMID: 20826374 PMCID: PMC3002191 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying ozone (O₃)-induced pulmonary inflammation remain unclear. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is known to inhibit inflammatory mediators. OBJECTIVES We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying interleuken-10 (IL-10)-mediated attenuation of O₃-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. METHODS Il10-deficient (Il10(-/-)) and wild-type (Il10(+/+)) mice were exposed to 0.3 ppm O₃ or filtered air for 24, 48, or 72 hr. Immediately after exposure, differential cell counts and total protein (a marker of lung permeability) were assessed from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). mRNA and protein levels of cellular mediators were determined from lung homogenates. We also used global mRNA expression analyses of lung tissue with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to identify patterns of gene expression through which IL-10 modifies O₃-induced inflammation. RESULTS Mean numbers of BALF polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were significantly greater in Il10(-/-) mice than in Il10(+/+) mice after exposure to O₃ at all time points tested. O₃-enhanced nuclear NF-κB translocation was elevated in the lungs of Il10(-/-) compared with Il10(+/+) mice. Gene expression analyses revealed several IL-10-dependent and O₃-dependent mediators, including macrophage inflammatory protein 2, cathepsin E, and serum amyloid A3. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that IL-10 protects against O₃-induced pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and cell proliferation. Moreover, gene expression analyses identified three response pathways and several genetic targets through which IL-10 may modulate the innate and adaptive immune response. These novel mechanisms of protection against the pathogenesis of O₃-induced pulmonary inflammation may also provide potential therapeutic targets to protect susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian S. Backus
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reuben Howden
- University of North Carolina–Charlotte, Department of Kinesiology, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Fostel
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alison K. Bauer
- Michigan State University, Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, Center for Integrative Toxicology, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Hye-Youn Cho
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqui Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - David B. Peden
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, Department of Pediatrics, and Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of North Carolina–Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven R. Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to S.R. Kleeberger, 111 T.W. Alexander Dr., Bldg. 101, MD-201, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA. Telephone: (919) 541-3267. Fax: (919) 541-3592. E-mail:
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Pereira CP, Bachli EB, Schaer DJ, Schoedon G. Transcriptome analysis revealed unique genes as targets for the anti-inflammatory action of activated protein C in human macrophages. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15352. [PMID: 20976180 PMCID: PMC2955553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Activated protein C (APC) has been introduced as a therapeutic agent for treatment of patients with severe sepsis due to its unique anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties in the vascular system. In this study we investigated novel targets for the anti-inflammatory action of APC in human macrophages. Methods Using a genome-wide approach, effects of APC on the expression profile in inflammatory activated human macrophages were analyzed. Results We identified, for the first time, genes that are specifically regulated by APC under inflammatory conditions, such as chromatin binding protein 4B (CHMP4B) and p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), thus indicating a role of APC in the epigenetic control of gene transcription. A functional assay showed the influence of APC in the acetyltransferase/deacetylase activity of nuclear extracts from inflamed macrophages. Conclusion Our data sheds new light on APC targets in inflammation and opens new lines of investigation that may be explored in order to further elucidate its unique molecule properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P. Pereira
- Inflammation Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Dominik J. Schaer
- Inflammation Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Schoedon
- Inflammation Research Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology ZIHP, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Clarke DL, Clifford RL, Jindarat S, Proud D, Pang L, Belvisi M, Knox AJ. TNFα and IFNγ synergistically enhance transcriptional activation of CXCL10 in human airway smooth muscle cells via STAT-1, NF-κB, and the transcriptional coactivator CREB-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29101-10. [PMID: 20833730 PMCID: PMC2937941 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.0999952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthmatic airway smooth muscle (ASM) expresses interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (CXCL10), a chemokine known to mediate mast cell migration into ASM bundles that has been reported in the airways of asthmatic patients. CXCL10 is elevated in patients suffering from viral exacerbations of asthma and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diseases in which corticosteroids are largely ineffective. IFNγ and TNFα synergistically induce CXCL10 release from human ASM cells in a steroid-insensitive manner, via an as yet undefined mechanism. We report that TNFα activates the classical NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) pathway, whereas IFNγ activates JAK2/STAT-1α and that inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway is more effective in abrogating CXCL10 release than the steroid fluticasone. The synergy observed with TNFα and IFNγ together, however, did not lie at the level of NF-κB activation, STAT-1α phosphorylation, or in vivo binding of these transcription factors to the CXCL10 promoter. Stimulation of human ASM cells with TNFα and IFNγ induced histone H4 but not histone H3 acetylation at the CXCL10 promoter, although no synergism was observed when both cytokines were combined. We show, however, that TNFα and IFNγ exert a synergistic effect on the recruitment of CREB-binding protein (CBP) to the CXCL10, which is accompanied by increased RNA polymerase II. Our results provide evidence that synergism between TNFα and IFNγ lies at the level of coactivator recruitment in human ASM and suggest that inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling may be of therapeutic benefit in steroid-resistant airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Clarke
- Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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33
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Clarke DL, Clifford RL, Jindarat S, Proud D, Pang L, Belvisi M, Knox AJ. TNFα and IFNγ Synergistically Enhance Transcriptional Activation of CXCL10 in Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells via STAT-1, NF-κB, and the Transcriptional Coactivator CREB-binding Protein. J Biol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.099952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Cardinale JP, Sriramula S, Pariaut R, Guggilam A, Mariappan N, Elks CM, Francis J. HDAC inhibition attenuates inflammatory, hypertrophic, and hypertensive responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2010; 56:437-44. [PMID: 20679181 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.154567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of downstream transcription factors and gene modifiers of these components are key mediators of hypertensive response. Histone acetylases/deacetylases can modulate the gene expression of these hypertrophic and hypertensive components. Therefore, we hypothesized that long-term inhibition of histone deacetylase with valproic acid might attenuate hypertrophic and hypertensive responses by modulating reactive oxygen species and proinflammatory cytokines in SHR rats. Seven-week-old SHR and WKY rats were used in this study. Following baseline blood pressure measurement, rats were administered valproic acid in drinking water (0.71% wt/vol) or vehicle, with pressure measured weekly thereafter. Another set of rats were treated with hydralazine (25 mg/kg per day orally) to determine the pressure-independent effects of HDAC inhibition on hypertension. Following 20 weeks of treatment, heart function was measured using echocardiography, rats were euthanized, and heart tissue was collected for measurement of total reactive oxygen species, as well as proinflammatory cytokine, cardiac hypertrophic, and oxidative stress gene and protein expressions. Blood pressure, proinflammatory cytokines, hypertrophic markers, and reactive oxygen species were increased in SHR versus WKY rats. These changes were decreased in valproic acid-treated SHR rats, whereas hydralazine treatment only reduced blood pressure. These data indicate that long-term histone deacetylase inhibition, independent of the blood pressure response, reduces hypertrophic, proinflammatory, and hypertensive responses by decreasing reactive oxygen species and angiotensin II type1 receptor expression in the heart, demonstrating the importance of uncontrolled histone deacetylase activity in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Cardinale
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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35
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Kawabata T, Nishida K, Takasugi K, Ogawa H, Sada K, Kadota Y, Inagaki J, Hirohata S, Ninomiya Y, Makino H. Increased activity and expression of histone deacetylase 1 in relation to tumor necrosis factor-alpha in synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R133. [PMID: 20609223 PMCID: PMC2945023 DOI: 10.1186/ar3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2009] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the profile of histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with that of normal control and osteoarthritis (OA), and to examine whether there is a link between HDAC activity and synovial inflammation. METHODS HDAC activity and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity were determined in nuclear extracts of total synovial tissue surgically obtained from normal, OA and RA joints. The level of cytoplasmic tumor necrosis factor a (TNFα) fraction was measured by ELISA. Total RNA of synovial tissue was used for RT-PCR of HDAC1-8. In synovial fibroblasts from RA (RASFs), the effects of TNFα on nuclear HDAC activity and class I HDACs (1, 2, 3, 8) mRNA expressions were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein expression and distribution of class I HDACs were examined by Western blotting. RESULTS Nuclear HDAC activity was significantly higher in RA than in OA and normal controls and correlated with the amount of cytoplasmic TNFα. The mRNA expression of HDAC1 in RA synovial tissue was higher than in OA and normal controls, and showed positive correlation with TNFα mRNA expression. The protein level of nuclear HDAC1 was higher in RA synovial tissue compared with OA synovial tissue. Stimulation with TNFα significantly increased the nuclear HDAC activity and HDAC1 mRNA expression at 24 hours and HDAC1 protein expression at 48 hours in RASFs. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed nuclear HDAC activity and expression of HDAC1 were significantly higher in RA than in OA synovial tissues, and they were upregulated by TNFα stimulation in RASFs. These data might provide important clues for the development of specific small molecule HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kawabata
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nishida
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koji Takasugi
- Department of Medicine, Kurashiki Kosai Hospital, 5-4-16 Higashiduka, Kurashiki Okayama, 712-8044, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ogawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kenei Sada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kadota
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junko Inagaki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirohata
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Ninomiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Makino
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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36
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Tliba O, Panettieri RA. Noncontractile functions of airway smooth muscle cells in asthma. Annu Rev Physiol 2009; 71:509-35. [PMID: 18851708 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although pivotal in regulating bronchomotor tone in asthma, airway smooth muscle (ASM) also modulates airway inflammation and undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia, contributing to airway remodeling in asthma. ASM myocytes secrete or express a wide array of immunomodulatory mediators in response to extracellular stimuli, and in chronic severe asthma, increases in ASM mass may render the airway irreversibly obstructed. Although the mechanisms by which ASM secretes cytokines and chemokines are the same as those regulating immune cells, there exist unique ASM signaling pathways that may provide novel therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the proliferative as well as the synthetic properties of ASM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Tliba
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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37
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Dombrowsky H, Barrenschee M, Kunze M, Uhlig S. Conserved responses to trichostatin A in rodent lungs exposed to endotoxin or stretch. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:593-602. [PMID: 19744573 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) isoenzymes have been suggested as possible drug targets in pulmonary cancer and in inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma and COPD. Whether HDAC inhibition is pro- or anti-inflammatory is under debate. To further examine this clinically relevant paradigm, we analyzed 8 genes that are upregulated by two pro-inflammatory stimuli, i.e. endotoxin and mechanical stress (overventilation), in isolated rat and mouse lungs, respectively. We studied the effect of the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) under control conditions, in response to endotoxin and overventilation, and on the effects of the steroid dexamethasone. TSA affected gene expression largely independent of the stimulus (endotoxin, overventilation) and the species (rat, mouse) leading to upregulation of some genes (Tnf, Cxcl2) and downregulation of others (Cxcl10, Timp1, Selp, Il6). At the protein level, TSA reduced the stimulated release of TNF, MIP-2alpha and IL-6, indicating that TSA may affect protein translation independent from gene transcription. In general, the anti-inflammatory effects of TSA on gene expression and protein release were additive to that of dexamethasone, suggesting that both drugs employ different mechanisms. We conclude that pro-inflammatory stimuli induce distinct sets of genes that are regulated by HDAC in a diverse, but consistent manner across two rodent species. The present findings together with previous in vivo studies suggest that the effect of HDAC inhibition in the intact lung is in part anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Dombrowsky
- Division of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
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38
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John AE, Zhu YM, Brightling CE, Pang L, Knox AJ. Human airway smooth muscle cells from asthmatic individuals have CXCL8 hypersecretion due to increased NF-kappa B p65, C/EBP beta, and RNA polymerase II binding to the CXCL8 promoter. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4682-92. [PMID: 19734226 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CXCL8 is a neutrophil and mast cell chemoattractant that is involved in regulating inflammatory cell influx in asthma. Here, we investigated the transcriptional mechanism involved in CXCL8 induction by TNF-alpha in cultured human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells and compared these in cells from nonasthmatic and asthmatic individuals. Transfection studies with mutated CXCL8 promoter constructs identified NF-kappaB, activating protein-1, and CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)beta as key transcription factors, and binding of these three transcription factors to the CXCL8 promoter after TNF-alpha stimulation was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis. Cells derived from asthmatic individuals produced significantly higher levels of CXCL8 than nonasthmatic cells both basally and following 24 h of stimulation with TNF-alpha (p < 0.001). Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation studies detected increased binding of NF-kappaB p65 and RNA polymerase II to the CXCL8 promoter of asthmatic HASM cells both in the presence and absence of TNF-alpha stimulation. This was not due to either an increased activation or phosphorylation of NF-kappaB per se or to an increase in its translocation to the nucleus. Increased binding of C/EBPbeta to the CXCL8 promoter of unstimulated cells was also detected in the asthmatic HASM cells. Collectively these studies show that HASM cells from asthmatic individuals have increased CXCL8 production due to the presence of a transcription complex on the CXCL8 promoter, which contains NF-kappaB, C/EBPbeta, and RNA polymerase II. This is the first description of an abnormality in transcription factor binding altering chemokine expression in airway structural cells in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E John
- Centre for Respiratory Research and Nottingham Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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39
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Wort SJ, Ito M, Chou PC, Mc Master SK, Badiger R, Jazrawi E, de Souza P, Evans TW, Mitchell JA, Pinhu L, Ito K, Adcock IM. Synergistic induction of endothelin-1 by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma is due to enhanced NF-kappaB binding and histone acetylation at specific kappaB sites. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:24297-305. [PMID: 19592490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.032524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor and co-mitogen for vascular smooth muscle and is implicated in pulmonary vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Vascular smooth muscle is an important source of ET-1. Here we demonstrate synergistic induction of preproET-1 message RNA and release of mature peptide by a combination of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma) in primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This induction was prevented by pretreatment with the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor anacardic acid. TNFalpha induced a rapid and prolonged pattern of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB p65 subunit activation and binding to the native preproET-1 promoter. In contrast, IFNgamma induced a delayed activation of interferon regulatory factor-1 without any effect on NF-kappaB p65 nuclear localization or consensus DNA binding. However, we found cooperative p65 binding and histone H4 acetylation at distinct kappaB sites in the preproET-1 promoter after stimulation with both TNFalpha and IFNgamma. This was associated with enhanced recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the ATG start site and read-through of the ET-1 coding region. Understanding such mechanisms is crucial in determining the key control points in ET-1 release. This has particular relevance to developing novel treatments targeted at the inflammatory component of pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Wort
- Department of Critical Care, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, United Kingdom.
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40
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Krimmer DI, Loseli M, Hughes JM, Oliver BGG, Moir LM, Hunt NH, Black JL, Burgess JK. CD40 and OX40 ligand are differentially regulated on asthmatic airway smooth muscle. Allergy 2009; 64:1074-82. [PMID: 19220210 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.01959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD40 and OX40 Ligand (OX40L) are cell-surface molecules expressed on airway smooth muscle (ASM) that can enhance inflammatory cell activation and survival. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on ASM CD40 and OX40L expression. METHODS CD40 and OX40L expression on human ASM cells from asthmatic and nonasthmatic donors following stimulation with TNF-alpha and/or IFN-gamma was measured using cell-surface enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry. Involvement of signalling pathway was investigated with pharmacological inhibitors. Soluble TNF receptor levels were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Interferon-gamma and TNF-alpha synergistically increased CD40 expression to a greater extent on asthmatic than on nonasthmatic ASM. In contrast, IFN-gamma reduced TNF-alpha-induced OX40L expression to a similar extent in both cell types. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced CD40 via nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 in both cell types and modulated OX40L via NF-kappaB and c-Jun N terminal kinase in nonasthmatic cells. Similar effects on the induction of OX40L in asthmatic cells were seen with NF-kappaB, but these were not statistically significant. The reduced OX40L expression with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma involved extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 activation. CONCLUSION Asthmatic ASM may modulate airway inflammation locally by increasing CD40 and OX40L expression in response to cytokines. IFN-gamma may regulate ASM pro-inflammatory actions by differentially modulating ASM CD40 and OX40L expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Krimmer
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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41
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Clarke D, Damera G, Sukkar MB, Tliba O. Transcriptional regulation of cytokine function in airway smooth muscle cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2009; 22:436-45. [PMID: 19393330 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The immuno-modulatory properties of airway smooth muscle have become of increasing importance in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying chronic inflammation and structural remodeling of the airway wall in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). ASM cells respond to many cytokines, growth factors and lipid mediators to produce a wide array of immuno-modulatory molecules which may in turn orchestrate and perpetuate the disease process in asthma and COPD. Despite numerous studies of the cellular effects of cytokines on cultured ASM, few have identified intracellular signaling pathways by which cytokines modulate or induce these cellular responses. In this review we provide an overview of the transcriptional mechanisms as well as intracellular signaling pathways regulating cytokine functions in ASM cells. The recent discovery of toll-like receptors in ASM cells represents a significant development in our understanding of the immuno-modulatory capabilities of ASM cells. Thus, we also review emerging evidence of the inflammatory response to toll-like receptor activation in ASM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Clarke
- Respiratory Pharmacology, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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42
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Ivanenkov YA, Balakin KV, Tkachenko SE. New approaches to the treatment of inflammatory disease : focus on small-molecule inhibitors of signal transduction pathways. Drugs R D 2009; 9:397-434. [PMID: 18989991 DOI: 10.2165/0126839-200809060-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This 'state-of-the-art' review specifically focuses on alternative signalling pathways deeply involved in acute and chronic inflammatory responses initiated by various pathological stimuli. The accumulated scientific knowledge has already revealed key biological targets, such as COX-2, and related pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines and chemokines, interleukins [ILs], tumour necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha, migration inhibition factor [MIF], interferon [IFN]-gamma and matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs]) implicated in uncontrolled, destructive inflammatory reaction. A number of physiologically active agents are currently approved for market or are under active investigation in different clinical trials. However, recent findings have exposed the fatal adverse effects directly associated with drug therapy based on COX-2 inhibition. Given these possible harmful outcomes, a range of novel therapeutically relevant biological targets that include nuclear transcription factor (NF-kappaB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and Janus protein tyrosine kinases and signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathways has received growing attention. Here we discuss recent progress in the identification and development of novel, clinically approved or evaluated small-molecule regulators of these signalling cascades as promising anti-inflammatory drugs.
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43
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Damera G, Tliba O, Panettieri RA. Airway smooth muscle as an immunomodulatory cell. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 22:353-9. [PMID: 19121407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although pivotal in regulating bronchomotor tone in asthma, airway smooth muscle (ASM) also modulates airway inflammation in asthma. ASM myocytes secrete or express a wide array of immunomodulatory mediators in response to extracellular stimuli, and in chronic severe asthma, increases in ASM mass may also render the airway irreversibly obstructed. Although the mechanisms by which ASM secretes cytokines and chemokines are shared with those regulating immune cells, there exist unique ASM signaling pathways that may provide novel therapeutic targets. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of the proliferative as well as synthetic properties of ASM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Damera
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Airways Biology Initiative, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA
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44
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Abstract
Inflammatory mediators play a critical role in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases and facilitate the recruitment, activation, and trafficking of inflammatory cells in the airways. Compelling evidence now shows that airway smooth muscle expresses adhesion molecules and secretes inflammatory mediators. Airway myocytes also express a repertoire of immunomodulatory proteins such as Toll-like receptors, chemokines, and cytokines. The underlying mechanisms by which these molecules modulate airway inflammation and the physiological consequences of these molecules are now being elucidated, suggesting that airway smooth muscle plays an important role in orchestrating and perpetuating airway inflammation, remodeling, and fibrosis in chronic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Tliba
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA.
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45
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Airway smooth muscle cell as an inflammatory cell: lessons learned from interferon signaling pathways. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2008; 5:106-12. [PMID: 18094092 DOI: 10.1513/pats.200705-060vs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article will describe the potential role of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in mediating both deleterious/beneficial effects of interferons (IFNs) in asthma. First described as beneficial in treating the main features of asthma, the interplay between IFNs and ASM could explain their deleterious actions recently described in a number of different studies. Through multiple mechanisms, including the suppression of steroid action, the synergistic pro-inflammatory actions when combined with other cytokines, and the modulation of calcium metabolism, IFNs are now seen as critical mediators in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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46
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Bhavsar P, Ahmad T, Adcock IM. The role of histone deacetylases in asthma and allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 121:580-4. [PMID: 18234319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.12.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diverse cellular functions, including inflammatory gene expression, DNA repair, and cell proliferation, are regulated by histone acetylation. Transcriptional coactivators possess intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity, and this activity drives inflammatory gene expression and the development of tolerance in macrophages. Eleven histone deacetylases (HDACs) act to regulate the expression of distinct subsets of inflammatory/immune genes. Other proteins, particularly transcription factors, are also acetylated and are targets for deacetylation by HDACs and sirtuins, a group of protein deacetylases. HDAC inhibitors can further enhance inflammatory gene expression. However, the acetylation/deacetylation status of nonhistone proteins can also affect the overall expression pattern of inflammatory genes. HDAC2 expression and activity is reduced in lung macrophages, biopsy specimens, and blood cells from patients with severe asthma and smoking-induced asthma, as well as in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, perhaps accounting for the enhanced inflammation and reduced steroid responsiveness seen in these patients. Targeting specific enzymes involved in this process might lead to new therapeutic agents, particularly in situations in which current anti-inflammatory therapies are suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhavsar
- Cell and Molecular Biology, Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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47
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Abstract
Drug-inducible systems allow modulation of the duration and intensity of cytokine expression in liver immuno-based gene therapy protocols. However, the biological activity of the transgene may influence their function. We have analyzed the kinetics of interleukin-12 (IL-12) expression controlled by the doxycycline (Dox)- and the mifepristone (Mif)-dependent systems using two long-term expressing vectors directed to liver: a plasmid administered by hydrodynamic injection and a high-capacity adenoviral vector. Daily administration of Dox or Mif was associated with a progressive loss of inducibility and a decrease of murine IL-12 production. This inhibition occurred at the transcriptional level and was probably caused by an interferon (IFN)-gamma-mediated downmodulation of liver-specific promoters that control the expression of transactivators in these systems. Genome-wide expression microarrays studies revealed a parallel downregulation of liver-specific genes in mice overexpressing murine IL-12. However, a promoter naturally induced by IL-12 was also inhibited by this cytokine when placed in a plasmid vector. Interestingly, treatment with sodium butyrate, a class I/II histone deacetylase inhibitor, was able to rescue liver-specific promoter activity solely in the vector. We conclude that biologically active IL-12 can transiently inhibit the function of drug-inducible systems in non-integrative DNA vectors by reducing promoter activity, probably through IFN-gamma and protein deacetylation-dependent mechanisms.
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48
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Tliba O, Damera G, Banerjee A, Gu S, Baidouri H, Keslacy S, Amrani Y. Cytokines induce an early steroid resistance in airway smooth muscle cells: novel role of interferon regulatory factor-1. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 38:463-72. [PMID: 17947510 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0226oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that long-term treatment of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells with a combination of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma impaired steroid anti-inflammatory action through the up-regulation of glucocorticoid receptor beta isoform (GRbeta) (Mol Pharmacol 2006;69:588-596). We here found that steroid actions could also be suppressed by short-term exposure of ASM cells to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma (6 h) as shown by the abrogated glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE)-dependent gene transcription; surprisingly, neither GRalpha nuclear translocation nor GRbeta expression was affected by cytokine mixture. The earlier induction of CD38, a molecule recently involved in asthma, seen with TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma combination but not with cytokine alone, was also completely insensitive to steroid pretreatment. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (IP) and siRNA strategies revealed not only increased binding of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) transcription factor to CD38 promoter, but also its implication in regulating CD38 gene transcription. Interestingly, the capacity of fluticasone to completely inhibit TNF-alpha-induced IRF-1 expression, IRF-1 DNA binding, and transactivation activities was completely lost in cells exposed to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in combination. This early steroid dysfunction seen with cytokine combination could be reproduced by enhancing IRF-1 cellular levels using constitutively active IRF-1, which dose-dependently inhibited GRE-dependent gene transcription. Consistently, reducing IRF-1 cellular levels using siRNA approach significantly restored steroid transactivation activities. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that IRF-1 is a novel alternative GRbeta-independent mechanism mediating steroid dysfunction induced by pro-asthmatic cytokines, in part via the suppression of GRalpha activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Tliba
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania, 125 South 31st Street, TRL Suite 1200, Room 1214, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA.
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