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Ismail A, Govindarajan S, Mannervik B. Human GST P1-1 Redesigned for Enhanced Catalytic Activity with the Anticancer Prodrug Telcyta and Improved Thermostability. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:762. [PMID: 38398153 PMCID: PMC10887215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein engineering can be used to tailor enzymes for medical purposes, including antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), which can act as a tumor-targeted alternative to conventional chemotherapy for cancer. In ADEPT, the antibody serves as a vector, delivering a drug-activating enzyme selectively to the tumor site. Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are a family of naturally occurring detoxication enzymes, and the finding that some of them are overexpressed in tumors has been exploited to develop GST-activated prodrugs. The prodrug Telcyta is activated by GST P1-1, which is the GST most commonly elevated in cancer cells, implying that tumors overexpressing GST P1-1 should be particularly vulnerable to Telcyta. Promising antitumor activity has been noted in clinical trials, but the wildtype enzyme has modest activity with Telcyta, and further functional improvement would enhance its usefulness for ADEPT. We utilized protein engineering to construct human GST P1-1 gene variants in the search for enzymes with enhanced activity with Telcyta. The variant Y109H displayed a 2.9-fold higher enzyme activity compared to the wild-type GST P1-1. However, increased catalytic potency was accompanied by decreased thermal stability of the Y109H enzyme, losing 99% of its activity in 8 min at 50 °C. Thermal stability was restored by four additional mutations simultaneously introduced without loss of the enhanced activity with Telcyta. The mutation Q85R was identified as an important contributor to the regained thermostability. These results represent a first step towards a functional ADEPT application for Telcyta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Ismail
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | | | - Bengt Mannervik
- Arrhenius Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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2
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Kashfi K. Fifty Years of Diazeniumdiolate Research: A Tribute to Dr. Larry K. Keefer. Crit Rev Oncog 2023; 28:47-55. [PMID: 37824386 PMCID: PMC11076142 DOI: 10.1615/critrevoncog.2023048491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The pioneering studies of Dr. Larry Keefer and colleagues with diazeniumdiolates or NONOates as a platform have unraveled the chemical biology of many nitric oxides and have led to the design of a variety of promising therapeutic agents in oncology, gastroenterology, antimicrobials, wound healing, and the like. This dedication to Dr. Larry Keefer briefly highlights some of his studies using the diazeniumdiolate platform in the cancer arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Potęga A. Glutathione-Mediated Conjugation of Anticancer Drugs: An Overview of Reaction Mechanisms and Biological Significance for Drug Detoxification and Bioactivation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165252. [PMID: 36014491 PMCID: PMC9412641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of many anticancer drugs depends on the creation of specific metabolites that may alter their therapeutic or toxic properties. One significant route of biotransformation is a conjugation of electrophilic compounds with reduced glutathione, which can be non-enzymatic and/or catalyzed by glutathione-dependent enzymes. Glutathione usually combines with anticancer drugs and/or their metabolites to form more polar and water-soluble glutathione S-conjugates, readily excreted outside the body. In this regard, glutathione plays a role in detoxification, decreasing the likelihood that a xenobiotic will react with cellular targets. However, some drugs once transformed into thioethers are more active or toxic than the parent compound. Thus, glutathione conjugation may also lead to pharmacological or toxicological effects through bioactivation reactions. My purpose here is to provide a broad overview of the mechanisms of glutathione-mediated conjugation of anticancer drugs. Additionally, I discuss the biological importance of glutathione conjugation to anticancer drug detoxification and bioactivation pathways. I also consider the potential role of glutathione in the metabolism of unsymmetrical bisacridines, a novel prosperous class of anticancer compounds developed in our laboratory. The knowledge on glutathione-mediated conjugation of anticancer drugs presented in this review may be noteworthy for improving cancer therapy and preventing drug resistance in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Potęga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza Str. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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Hawas S, Verderosa AD, Totsika M. Combination Therapies for Biofilm Inhibition and Eradication: A Comparative Review of Laboratory and Preclinical Studies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:850030. [PMID: 35281447 PMCID: PMC8915430 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.850030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are becoming increasingly difficult to treat in the medical setting due to their intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. To combat this, several biofilm dispersal agents are currently being developed as treatments for biofilm infections. Combining biofilm dispersal agents with antibiotics is emerging as a promising strategy to simultaneously disperse and eradicate biofilms or, in some cases, even inhibit biofilm formation. Here we review studies that have investigated the anti-biofilm activity of some well-studied biofilm dispersal agents (e.g., quorum sensing inhibitors, nitric oxide/nitroxides, antimicrobial peptides/amino acids) in combination with antibiotics from various classes. This review aims to directly compare the efficacy of different combination strategies against microbial biofilms and highlight synergistic treatments that warrant further investigation. By comparing across studies that use different measures of efficacy, we can conclude that treating biofilms in vitro and, in some limited cases in vivo, with a combination of an anti-biofilm agent and an antibiotic, appears overall more effective than treating with either compound alone. The review identifies the most promising combination therapies currently under development as biofilm inhibition and eradication therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hawas
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony D. Verderosa
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Makrina Totsika,
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5
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Gordon JL, Hinsen KJ, Reynolds MM, Brown MA. Anticancer Impact of Nitric Oxide (NO) and NO Combination with SMYD-3 Inhibitor on Breast Carcinomas. Diseases 2021; 9:82. [PMID: 34842655 PMCID: PMC8628812 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous advances in the detection and treatment of breast cancer, it still remains the leading cancer diagnosis and has the second highest mortality rate. Thus, breast cancer research is a high priority for academics and clinicians alike. Based on previous research indicating the potential of nitric oxide (NO) and SMYD-3 inhibition, this work sought to expand upon these concepts and combine the two approaches. Both NO (from S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)), termed Group 1, and a combination therapeutic, inhibitor-4 (SMYD-3 inhibitor) plus NO (from GSNO), termed Group 2, were evaluated for their efficacy on breast carcinoma cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, and the normal MCF10A breast cell line, using cellular viability, colony formation capacity, cytotoxicity, and cellular apoptosis analysis. These results indicated that, in Group 1, breast carcinoma lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, cells experienced a moderate reduction in cellular viability (~20-25%), a large reduction in colony formation capacity (~80-90%), a moderate increase in the relative number of dead cells, and a moderate increase in cellular apoptosis. Group 2 was significantly more impactful, with a ~50% knockdown in cellular viability, a 100% reduction in colony formation capacity, a large increase in the relative number of dead cells, and a large increase in cellular apoptosis. Additionally, Group 2 induced a very small impact on the normal MCF10A cell line. Cumulatively, this work revealed the exciting impact of this combination therapeutic, indicating its potential for clinical application and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| | - Kristin J. Hinsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| | - Melissa M. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark A. Brown
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
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6
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Group II complexes of N- and O-donors Mixed-ligands as anticancer agents. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Gordon JL, Hinsen KJ, Reynolds MM, Smith TA, Tucker HO, Brown MA. Anticancer potential of nitric oxide (NO) in neuroblastoma treatment. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9112-9120. [PMID: 35423416 PMCID: PMC8695301 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00275a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood, paediatric neuroblastoma, is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages and identified as high risk. High risk neuroblastoma is aggressive and unpredictable, resulting in poor prognosis and only ∼40% five-year survival rates. Herein, nitric oxide (NO) delivered via the S-nitrosothiol, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), is explored as an anticancer therapeutic in various neuroblastoma lines. After 24 h of treatment with GSNO, cell viability assays, as assessed by resazurin and MTT ((3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphyltetrazolium bromide), consistently identified a moderate, ∼13-29%, decrease in metabolic activity, colony formation assays revealed notably significant reduction of clonogenic activity, and cytotoxicity assays revealed a visibly significant reduction of total number of cells and live cells as well as an increase in number of dead cells in treated cells versus untreated cells. Thrillingly, RNA-sequence analysis provided highly valuable information regarding the differentially expressed genes in treated samples versus control samples as well as insight into the mechanism of action of NO as an anticancer therapeutic. Favorably, the collective results from these analyses exhibited tumoricidal, non-tumour promoting, and discriminatory characteristics, illuminating the feasibility and significance of NO as a cytotoxic adjuvant in neuroblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Kristin J Hinsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80521 USA
| | - Melissa M Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1872 Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
| | - Tyler A Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Austin 2500 Speedway Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Haley O Tucker
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Mark A Brown
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA
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8
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Wang L, Riel LP, Bajrami B, Deng B, Howell AR, Yao X. α-Methylene-β-Lactone Scaffold for Developing Chemical Probes at the Two Ends of the Selectivity Spectrum. Chembiochem 2021; 22:505-515. [PMID: 32964640 PMCID: PMC8114233 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The utilities of an α-methylene-β-lactone (MeLac) moiety as a warhead composed of multiple electrophilic sites are reported. We demonstrate that a MeLac-alkyne not only reacts with diverse proteins as a broadly reactive measurement probe, but also recruits reduced endogenous glutathione (GSH) to assemble a selective chemical probe of GSH-β-lactone (GSH-Lac)-alkyne in live cells. Tandem mass spectrometry reveals that MeLac reacts with nucleophilic cysteine, serine, lysine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, through either Michael or acyl addition. A peptide-centric proteomics platform demonstrates that the proteomic selectivity profiles of orlistat and parthenolide, which have distinct reactivities, are measurable by MeLac-alkyne as a high-coverage probe. The GSH-Lac-alkyne selectively probes the glutathione S-transferase P responsible for multidrug resistance. The assembly of the GSH-Lac probe exemplifies a modular and scalable route to develop selective probes with different recognizing moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Louis P Riel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bekim Bajrami
- Chemical Biology & Proteomics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Amy R Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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9
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Singh RR, Mohammad J, Orr M, Reindl KM. Glutathione S-Transferase pi-1 Knockdown Reduces Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Growth by Activating Oxidative Stress Response Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061501. [PMID: 32526885 PMCID: PMC7352757 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase pi-1 (GSTP1) plays an important role in regulating oxidative stress by conjugating glutathione to electrophiles. GSTP1 is overexpressed in breast, colon, lung, and prostate tumors, where it contributes to tumor progression and drug resistance; however, the role of GSTP1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not well understood. Using shRNA, we knocked down GSTP1 expression in three different PDAC cell lines and determined the effect on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Our results show GSTP1 knockdown reduces PDAC cell growth, prolongs the G0/G1 phase, and elevates ROS in PDAC cells. Furthermore, GSTP1 knockdown results in the increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun and the decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p65, the reduced expression of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), and the increased expression of apoptosis-promoting genes. The addition of the antioxidant glutathione restored cell viability and returned protein expression levels to those found in control cells. Collectively, these data support the working hypothesis that the loss of GSTP1 elevates oxidative stress, which alters mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and NF-κB signaling, and induces apoptosis. In support of these in vitro data, nude mice bearing orthotopically implanted GSTP1-knockdown PDAC cells showed an impressive reduction in the size and weight of tumors compared to the controls. Additionally, we observed reduced levels of Ki-67 and increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 in GSTP1-knockdown tumors, suggesting GSTP1 knockdown impedes proliferation and upregulates apoptosis in PDAC cells. Together, these results indicate that GSTP1 plays a significant role in PDAC cell growth and provides support for the pursuit of GSTP1 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul R. Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (R.R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jiyan Mohammad
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (R.R.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Megan Orr
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA;
| | - Katie M. Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; (R.R.S.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-701-231-9427
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10
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Dillon KM, Carrazzone RJ, Matson JB, Kashfi K. The evolving landscape for cellular nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide delivery systems: A new era of customized medications. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 176:113931. [PMID: 32224139 PMCID: PMC7263970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are industrial toxins or pollutants; however, both are produced endogenously and have important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. The recognition that these gasotransmitters have a role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has presented opportunities to harness their intracellular effects either through inhibition of their production; or more commonly, through inducing their levels and or delivering them by various modalities. In this review article, we have focused on an array of NO and H2S donors, their hybrids with other established classes of drugs, and the various engineered delivery platforms such a fibers, polymers, nanoparticles, hydrogels, and others. In each case, we have reviewed the rationale for their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kearsley M Dillon
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Ryan J Carrazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - John B Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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11
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Gordon JL, Reynolds MM, Brown MA. Nitric Oxide as a Potential Adjuvant Therapeutic for Neuroblastoma: Effects of NO on Murine N2a Cells. Vet Sci 2020; 7:E51. [PMID: 32340209 PMCID: PMC7355501 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor in children, accounts for 15% of all pediatric cancer deaths. Pharmaceutical applications of S-Nitrosylation, which, under normal conditions is involved with a host of epigenetic and embryological development pathways, have exhibited great potential for use as adjuvant therapeutics in the clinical management of cancer. Herein, an evaluation of the impact of nitric oxide (NO) as a potent anticancer agent on murine neuroblastoma cells is presented. Excitingly cell viability, colony formation, and non-carcinogenic cell analysis illustrate the significance and practicality of NO as a cytotoxic anticancer therapeutic. Resazurin, WST-8 (2-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt), and MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphyltetrazolium bromide) assays consistently displayed a moderate, ~20-25% reduction in cell viability after exposure to 1 mM S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). A colony formation assay demonstrated that treated cells no longer exhibited colony formation capacity. Identically GSNO-treated Adult Human Dermal Fibroblasts (HDFa) exhibited no decrease in viability, indicating potential discrimination between neoplastic and normal cells. Collectively, our findings indicate a potential application for NO as an adjuvant therapeutic in the clinical management of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| | - Melissa M. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Campus Delivery 1872, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Mark A. Brown
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
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12
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Liang C, Song J, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Deng M, Gao W, Zhang J. Facile Approach to Prepare rGO@Fe 3O 4 Microspheres for the Magnetically Targeted and NIR-responsive Chemo-photothermal Combination Therapy. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2020; 15:86. [PMID: 32303922 PMCID: PMC7165235 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR)-light responsive graphene have been shown exciting effect on cancer photothermal ablation therapy. Herein, we report on the preparation of Fe3O4-decorated hollow graphene microspheres (rGO@Fe3O4) by a facile spray drying and coprecipitation method for the magnetically targeted and NIR-responsive chemo-photothermal combination therapy. The microspheres displayed very high specific surface area (~ 120.7 m2 g-1) and large pore volume (~ 1.012 cm3 g-1), demonstrating distinct advantages for a high loading capacity of DOX (~ 18.43%). NIR triggered photothermal effect of the rGO@Fe3O4 microspheres responded in an on-off manner and induced a high photothermal conversion efficiency. Moreover, The Fe3O4 on the microspheres exhibited an excellent tumor cells targeting ability. The chemo-photothermal treatment based on rGO@Fe3O4/DOX showed superior cytotoxicity towards Hela cells in vitro. Our studies indicated that rGO@Fe3O4/DOX microcapsules have great potential in combined chemo-photothermal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyong Liang
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Jiying Song
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Yaping Guo
- Research Institute for Energy Equipment Materials, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Meigui Deng
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Interventional Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Jimin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation of Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China.
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13
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Drug-metabolizing enzymes: role in drug resistance in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1667-1680. [PMID: 32170639 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although continuous researches are going on for the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents, resistance to these anticancer agents has made it really difficult to reach the fruitful results. There are many causes for this resistance that are being studied by the researchers across the world, but still, success is far because there are several factors that are going along unattended or have been studied less. Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are one of these factors, on which less study has been conducted. DMEs include Phase I and Phase II enzymes. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are major Phase I enzymes while glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenases are the major enzymes belonging to the Phase II enzymes. These enzymes play an important role in detoxification of the xenobiotics as well as the metabolism of drugs, depending upon the tissue in which they are expressed. When present in tumorous tissues, they cause resistance by metabolizing the drugs and rendering them inactive. In this review, the role of these various enzymes in anticancer drug metabolism and the possibilities for overcoming the resistance have been discussed.
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14
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Abstract
The mercapturic acid pathway is a major route for the biotransformation of xenobiotic and endobiotic electrophilic compounds and their metabolites. Mercapturic acids (N-acetyl-l-cysteine S-conjugates) are formed by the sequential action of the glutathione transferases, γ-glutamyltransferases, dipeptidases, and cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase to yield glutathione S-conjugates, l-cysteinylglycine S-conjugates, l-cysteine S-conjugates, and mercapturic acids; these metabolites constitute a "mercapturomic" profile. Aminoacylases catalyze the hydrolysis of mercapturic acids to form cysteine S-conjugates. Several renal transport systems facilitate the urinary elimination of mercapturic acids; urinary mercapturic acids may serve as biomarkers for exposure to chemicals. Although mercapturic acid formation and elimination is a detoxication reaction, l-cysteine S-conjugates may undergo bioactivation by cysteine S-conjugate β-lyase. Moreover, some l-cysteine S-conjugates, particularly l-cysteinyl-leukotrienes, exert significant pathophysiological effects. Finally, some enzymes of the mercapturic acid pathway are described as the so-called "moonlighting proteins," catalytic proteins that exert multiple biochemical or biophysical functions apart from catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Hanna
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M W Anders
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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15
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Sinha BK, Perera L, Cannon RE. Reversal of drug resistance by JS-K and nitric oxide in ABCB1- and ABCG2-expressing multi-drug resistant human tumor cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109468. [PMID: 31605952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of resistance to chemotherapy drugs is a significant problem in treating human malignancies in the clinic. Overexpression of ABC transporter proteins, including P-170 glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) have been implicated in this multi-drug resistance (MDR). These ABC transporters are ATP-dependent efflux proteins. We have recently shown that nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the ATPase activities of P-gp, resulting in a significant enhancement of drug accumulation and the reversal of multi-drug resistance in NCI/ADR-RES cells, a P-gp-overexpressing human MDR cell line. In this study, we used [O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)-piperazin-1 yl]-diazene-1-ium-1-2-diolate] (JS-K), a tumor-specific NO-donor to study the reversal of drug resistance in both P-gp- and BCRP-overexpressing human tumor cells. We report here that while JS-K was extremely effective in reversing adriamycin resistance in the P-gp-overexpressing tumor cells (NCI/ADR-RES); it was significantly resistant to BCRP-overexpressing (MCF-7/MX) tumor cells, suggesting that JS-K may be a substrate for BCRP. Using another NO-donor (DETNO), we show that NO directly inhibits the ATP activities of BCRP, inducing significant increases in the accumulations of both Hoechst 33342 dye and topotecan, substrates for BCRP. Furthermore, NO treatment significantly reversed topotecan and mitoxantrone resistance to MCF-7/MX tumor cells. Molecular docking studies indicated that while DETNO and JS-K bind to ATP binding site in both ABC proteins, binding score was significantly reduced, compared to the ATP binding. Our results indicate that appropriately designed NO donors may find success in reversing multidrug resistance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birandra K Sinha
- Laboratory of Immunity, Inflammation, Disease Laboratory, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Lalith Perera
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity and Structural Biology, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ronald E Cannon
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Toxicokinetic, National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Liu L, Chen J, Cao M, Wang J, Wang S. NO donor inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:1303-1314. [PMID: 31555866 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03965-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PABA/NO, O2-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino) benzoyloxy] phenyl} 1-(N, N-dimethylamino) diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate, is a diazeniumdiolate-based NO-donor prodrug that releases exogenous nitric oxide at high concentrations to induce apoptosis in many tumor cell lines. PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effects of PABA/NO on hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and apoptosis induction both in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS PABA/NO dramatically inhibited the growth of Bel-7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and significantly induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, up-regulation of Bax and Bad, release of Cyt c and activation of cleaved-caspase-9/3 and cleaved-PARP, which were related to suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) and U0126 (an ERK inhibitor) prior to PABA/NO were found to synergistically enhance PABA/NO-induced apoptosis. Carboxy-PTIO as a NO scavenger obviously attenuated PABA/NO-induced apoptosis. Additionally, H22 tumor-bearing mice experiments demonstrated that PABA/NO exerted good anti-tumor effects via reducing tumor volume, tumor weight and decreasing the expression of CD34. Furthermore, PABA/NO treatment strongly inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MEK/ERK signaling pathways in H22 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. CONCLUSIONS PABA/NO induced apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jiangang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang, 471023, China
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Sun F, Wang Y, Luo X, Ma Z, Xu Y, Zhang X, Lv T, Zhang Y, Wang M, Huang Z, Zhang J. Anti-CD24 Antibody-Nitric Oxide Conjugate Selectively and Potently Suppresses Hepatic Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3395-3405. [PMID: 30918001 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has a wide range of potential applications in tumor therapy. However, a targeted delivery system for NO donors has remained elusive, creating a bottleneck that limits its druggability. The antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a targeted drug delivery system composed of an antibody linked to an active cytotoxic drug. This design may compensate for the weak targeting ability and various biological functions of the NO donor. In this study, we designed the NO donor HL-2, which had a targeted, cleaved disulfide bond and an attachable maleimide terminal. We conjugated HL-2 with an antibody that targeted CD24 through a thioether bond to generate an ADC-like immunoconjugate, antibody-nitric oxide conjugate (ANC), which we named HN-01. HN-01 showed efficient internalization and significantly increased the release of NO in hepatic carcinoma cells in vitro. HN-01 induced apoptosis of tumor cells and suppressed tumor growth in hepatic carcinoma-bearing nude mice through antibody-dependent co-toxicity; HN-01 also increased NO levels in tumor cells. Collectively, this study expands the concept of ADC and provides an innovative NO donor and ANC to address current challenges in targeted delivery of NO. This new inspiration for an ANC design can also be used in future studies for other molecules with intracellular targets. SIGNIFICANCE: This study is the first to expand the concept of ADC with an antibody-nitric oxide conjugate that suppresses hepatic carcinoma in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumou Sun
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Ma
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Booty LM, Gawel JM, Cvetko F, Caldwell ST, Hall AR, Mulvey JF, James AM, Hinchy EC, Prime TA, Arndt S, Beninca C, Bright TP, Clatworthy MR, Ferdinand JR, Prag HA, Logan A, Prudent J, Krieg T, Hartley RC, Murphy MP. Selective Disruption of Mitochondrial Thiol Redox State in Cells and In Vivo. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:449-461.e8. [PMID: 30713096 PMCID: PMC6436940 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems function independently of the rest of the cell. While maintenance of mitochondrial thiol redox state is thought vital for cell survival, this was not testable due to the difficulty of manipulating the organelle's thiol systems independently of those in other cell compartments. To overcome this constraint we modified the glutathione S-transferase substrate and Trx reductase (TrxR) inhibitor, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) by conjugation to the mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium cation. The result, MitoCDNB, is taken up by mitochondria where it selectively depletes the mitochondrial GSH pool, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases, and directly inhibits mitochondrial TrxR2 and peroxiredoxin 3, a peroxidase. Importantly, MitoCDNB inactivates mitochondrial thiol redox homeostasis in isolated cells and in vivo, without affecting that of the cytosol. Consequently, MitoCDNB enables assessment of the biomedical importance of mitochondrial thiol homeostasis in reactive oxygen species production, organelle dynamics, redox signaling, and cell death in cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Booty
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Justyna M Gawel
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Filip Cvetko
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - Andrew R Hall
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - John F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Hinchy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Sabine Arndt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Cristiane Beninca
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas P Bright
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | | | - John R Ferdinand
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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19
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Hou L, Zhang Y, Yang X, Tian C, Yan Y, Zhang H, Shi J, Zhang H, Zhang Z. Intracellular NO-Generator Based on Enzyme Trigger for Localized Tumor-Cytoplasm Rapid Drug Release and Synergetic Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:255-268. [PMID: 30561993 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological messenger implicated in tumor therapy. However, current NO release systems suffer from some disadvantages, such as hydrolysis during blood circulation, poor specificity, and robust irradiation for stimuli. Accordingly, we constructed an intracellular enzyme-triggered NO-generator to achieve tumor cytoplasm-specific disruption and localized rapid drug release. Diethylamine NONOate (DEA/NO) was used as a NO donor and conjugated with hyaluronic acid (HA) to form self-assembly micelle (HA-DNB-DEA/NO), and encapsulate chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin (DOX)) into its hydrophobic core (DOX@HA-DNB-DEA/NO). After HA receptor mediated internalization into tumor cells, HA shell would undergo digestion into small conjugated pieces by hyaluronidase. Meanwhile, DOX@HA-DNB-DEA/NO also responded to the intratumoral overexpressed glutathion and glutathione S-transferase π, leading to the intracellular NO production and controlled DOX rapid release. In vitro and in vivo results proved the enzyme-dependent and enhanced targeting delivery profile, and demonstrated that NO and DOX could colocate in specific tumor site, which provided a precondition for exerting their synergistic efficacy. Moreover, expression of p53 protein was upregulated in tumor tissue after treatment, indicating that NO induced cell apoptosis mediated by tumor suppressor gene p53. Overall, this intelligent drug loaded NO-generator might perform as an enhancer to realize better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yinling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Xuemei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Chunyu Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Yingshan Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Modern Analysis and Computer Center of Zhengzhou University , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Hongling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Jinjin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
- Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Henan Province , Zhengzhou , China
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20
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Glutathione Transferases: Potential Targets to Overcome Chemoresistance in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123785. [PMID: 30487385 PMCID: PMC6321424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional enzymes glutathione transferases (GSTs) are involved in the development of chemoresistance, thus representing a promising target for a novel approach in cancer treatment. This superfamily of polymorphic enzymes exhibits extraordinary substrate promiscuity responsible for detoxification of numerous conventional chemotherapeutics, at the same time regulating signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In addition to upregulated GST expression, different cancer cell types have a unique GST signature, enabling targeted selectivity for isoenzyme specific inhibitors and pro-drugs. As a result of extensive research, certain GST inhibitors are already tested in clinical trials. Catalytic properties of GST isoenzymes are also exploited in bio-activation of specific pro-drugs, enabling their targeted accumulation in cancer cells with upregulated expression of the appropriate GST isoenzyme. Moreover, the latest approach to increase specificity in treatment of solid tumors is development of GST pro-drugs that are derivatives of conventional anti-cancer drugs. A future perspective is based on the design of new drugs, which would selectively target GST overexpressing cancers more prone to developing chemoresistance, while decreasing side effects in off-target cells.
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21
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Corso CR, Acco A. Glutathione system in animal model of solid tumors: From regulation to therapeutic target. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:43-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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22
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Whang CH, Yoo E, Hur SK, Kim KS, Kim D, Jo S. A highly GSH-sensitive SN-38 prodrug with an "OFF-to-ON" fluorescence switch as a bifunctional anticancer agent. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9031-9034. [PMID: 30047958 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05010d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SN-38 (7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin) is an active metabolite of irinotecan (CPT-11) and the most potent camptothecin analogue. In this study, 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonyl (DNS) was covalently conjugated as a GSH-sensitive trigger to 10'-OH of SN-38 to yield a GSH-sensitive prodrug, denoted as DNS-SN38, with virtually quenched fluorescence due to donor-excited photo-induced electron transfer (d-PeT). By investigating DNS-SN38's activation properties upon fluorescence restoration and cytotoxic potency against ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780 and m-Cherry + OCSC1-F2), its potential applicability as a useful chemotherapeutic agent was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Whang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA.
| | - Eunsoo Yoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Seong Kwon Hur
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Kyeong Soo Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA.
| | - Dongin Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Seongbong Jo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38655, USA.
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23
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Yi YJ, Jia XH, Zhu C, Wang JY, Chen JR, Wang H, Li YJ. Solanine reverses multidrug resistance in human myelogenous leukemia K562/ADM cells by downregulating MRP1 expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:10070-10076. [PMID: 29928376 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia cells is a major obstacle to chemotherapeutic treatment. High expression and constitutive activation of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) has been associated with the development of resistance to anticancer drugs in a number of tumor types. The activity of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) is associated with the occurrence of MDR and MRP1 expression. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of solanine to resensitize the Adriamycin® (ADR)-resistant human myelogenous leukemia cell line K562/ADM to ADR. Results of the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay demonstrated that solanine inhibited K562/ADM cell proliferation. K562/ADM cell sensitivity to ADR was increased following treatment with solanine, indicated by increased intracellular accumulation of ADR. Western blotting demonstrated that treatment with solanine led to reduced MRP1 protein expression, suggesting that solanine-induced ADR accumulation is due to the downregulation of MRP1 expression. Solanine-mediated MRP1 downregulation was observed to be dependent on the JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that solanine reverses MDR in K562/ADM cells and may represent a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of human myelogenous leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Hong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Ru Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - You-Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
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24
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Kang F, Ai Y, Zhang Y, Huang Z. Design and synthesis of new hybrids from 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana- 9-dien-28-oic acid and O 2 -(2,4-dinitrophenyl) diazeniumdiolate for intervention of drug-resistant lung cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 149:269-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Zhang J, Song H, Ji S, Wang X, Huang P, Zhang C, Wang W, Kong D. NO prodrug-conjugated, self-assembled, pH-responsive and galactose receptor targeted nanoparticles for co-delivery of nitric oxide and doxorubicin. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:4179-4188. [PMID: 29442103 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08176f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted delivery and controlled release of nitric oxide (NO) locoregionally are in high demand and challenging in cancer treatment. Herein, we report an example of galactose receptor targeted, pH-responsive and self-assembled nanoparticle-based delivery of the NO prodrug O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[4-(propargyloxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (alkynyl-JSK), which was chemically conjugated to an amphiphilic block copolymer through a click reaction for the first time. The assembled NO prodrug nanoparticles show high NO capacity (the content of the NO prodrug in the copolymer, ∼23.4% (w/w)), good stability and a sustained NO release pattern with unique glutathione/glutathione S-transferase (GSH/GST) activated NO-releasing kinetics. Such NO-loaded nanoparticles exhibit superior cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. More importantly, in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy a significant synergistic therapeutic effect was achieved, due to its excellent galactose receptor-targeting capability, rapid acid-triggered DOX release and sustained NO release. Our findings indicate that these multifunctional nanoparticles can serve as an efficient NO and chemotherapeutic agent delivery platform, holding great promise in cancer combinatorial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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26
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Kashfi K. The dichotomous role of H 2S in cancer cell biology? Déjà vu all over again. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 149:205-223. [PMID: 29397935 PMCID: PMC5866221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) a gaseous free radical is one of the ten smallest molecules found in nature, while hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gas that bears the pungent smell of rotten eggs. Both are toxic yet they are gasotransmitters of physiological relevance. There appears to be an uncanny resemblance between the general actions of these two gasotransmitters in health and disease. The role of NO and H2S in cancer has been quite perplexing, as both tumor promotion and inflammatory activities as well as anti-tumor and antiinflammatory properties have been described. These paradoxes have been explained for both gasotransmitters in terms of each having a dual or biphasic effect that is dependent on the local flux of each gas. In this review/commentary, I have discussed the major roles of NO and H2S in carcinogenesis, evaluating their dual nature, focusing on the enzymes that contribute to this paradox and evaluate the pros and cons of inhibiting or inducing each of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, NY, USA.
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27
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Allocati N, Masulli M, Di Ilio C, Federici L. Glutathione transferases: substrates, inihibitors and pro-drugs in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:8. [PMID: 29362397 PMCID: PMC5833873 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase classical GSH conjugation activity plays a critical role in cellular detoxification against xenobiotics and noxious compounds as well as against oxidative stress. However, this feature is also exploited by cancer cells to acquire drug resistance and improve their survival. As a result, various members of the family were found overexpressed in a number of different cancers. Moreover several GST polymorphisms, ranging from null phenotypes to point mutations, were detected in members of the family and found to correlate with the onset of neuro-degenerative diseases. In the last decades, a great deal of research aimed at clarifying the role played by GSTs in drug resistance, at developing inhibitors to counteract this activity but also at exploiting GSTs for prodrugs specific activation in cancer cells. Here we summarize some of the most important achievements reached in this lively area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerino Allocati
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
| | - Michele Masulli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,CESI-MET, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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Li Q, Zou P, Sun J, Chen L. O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)diazeniumdiolates derivatives: Design, synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation and reversing MDR in MCF-7/ADR cells. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:732-744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Mohana K, Achary A. Human cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases: quantitative analysis of expression, comparative analysis of structures and inhibition strategies of isozymes involved in drug resistance. Drug Metab Rev 2017; 49:318-337. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2017.1343343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamoorthy Mohana
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, India
| | - Anant Achary
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Research, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, India
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Burke AJ, Garrido P, Johnson C, Sullivan FJ, Glynn SA. Inflammation and Nitrosative Stress Effects in Ovarian and Prostate Pathology and Carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:1078-1090. [PMID: 28326819 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Prostate and ovarian cancers are major contributors to cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recently, inflammation and nitrosative stress have been implicated in carcinogenesis, with the overexpression of NOS2 and concomitant release of nitric oxide (NO) associated with cancer initiation and progression. Recent Advances: An increasing body of evidence indicates an association between NOS2 expression and aggressive ovarian cancer. Research also indicates a role for NO in prostate disease pathology and prostate cancer. A therapeutic role for NOS2 inhibition and/or NO drugs exists for the treatment of both ovarian and prostate tumors. CRITICAL ISSUES Herein, we review the key molecular effects associated with NOS2 in ovarian and prostate cancer. NOS2 increases angiogenesis and tumor proliferation and correlates with aggressive type II ovarian tumors. NOS2 expressing tumors are sensitive to cisplatin chemotherapy, and NO may be used to sensitize cisplatin-resistant tumors to chemotherapy. NOS2 is highly expressed in prostate tumors compared to non-neoplastic prostate pathologies. NO may play a role in the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer via s-nitrosylation of the androgen receptor. Moreover, NOS2 inhibitors and NO donor drugs show therapeutic potential in ovarian and prostate cancer as single agents or dual drugs, by either inhibiting the effects of NOS2 or increasing NO levels to induce cytotoxic effects. FUTURE DIRECTIONS NOS2 and NO present new targets for the treatment of ovarian and prostate tumors. Furthermore, understanding NO-related tumor biology in these cancers presents a new means for improved patient stratification to the appropriate treatment regimen. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 1078-1090.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Burke
- 1 Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Pablo Garrido
- 1 Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland .,2 Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Carol Johnson
- 1 Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland .,2 Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Francis J Sullivan
- 1 Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon A Glynn
- 1 Prostate Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland .,2 Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland .,3 Apoptosis Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway , Galway, Ireland
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Wang Z, Wu H, Liu P, Zeng F, Wu S. A self-immolative prodrug nanosystem capable of releasing a drug and a NIR reporter for in vivo imaging and therapy. Biomaterials 2017; 139:139-150. [PMID: 28614754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In vivo monitoring of the biodistribution and activation of prodrugs is highly attractive, and the self-immolative dendritic architecture is deemed as a promising approach for constructing theranostic prodrug in which the release/activation of different payloads is needed. Herein, A GSH-triggered and self-immolative dendritic platform comprising an anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT), a cleavable linker and a two-photon NIR fluorophore (dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran, DCM) has been developed for in situ tracking of drug release and antitumour therapy. In vitro experiments demonstrate that, the presence of glutathione (GSH) induces the cleavage of the self-immolative linker, resulting in comitant release of the drug and the dye. Upon cell internalization and under one- or two-photon excitation, prominent intracellular fluorescence can be observed, indicating the release of the payloads in live cells. Upon loaded in phospholipid vesicles, the prodrug has also been successfully utilized for in vivo and in situ tracking of drug release and cancer therapy in a mouse model. Several hours post injection, the prodrug generates strong fluorescence on tumour sites, demonstrating the prodrug's capability of monitoring the on-site drug release. Moreover, the prodrug shows considerable high activity and exerts obvious inhibition towards tumour growth. This work suggests that the prodrug with self-immolative dendritic structure can work well in vivo and this strategy may provide an alternative approach for designing theranostic drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peilian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Shuizhu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Zompra A, Georgakis N, Pappa E, Thireou T, Eliopoulos E, Labrou N, Cordopatis P, Clonis Y. Glutathione analogues as substrates or inhibitors that discriminate between allozymes of the MDR-involved human glutathione transferase P1-1. Biopolymers 2017; 106:330-44. [PMID: 27037874 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) structure-guided tripeptide analogues were designed and synthesized by solid phase technology, purified (≥95%) by RP and/or GF column chromatography, to identify those that, compared with GSH, exhibited similar or higher binding and catalytic efficiency toward the MDR-involved human GSTP1-1 isoenzyme, and could discriminate between the allozymic expression products of the polymorphic human GSTP1 gene locus, designated as hGSTP1*A (Ile(104) /Ala(113) ), hGSTP1*B (Val(104) /Ala(113) ), and hGSTP1*C (Val(104) /Val(113) ). The analogues bear single amino acid alterations as well as alterations in more than one position. Some analogues showed remarkable allozyme selectivity, binding catalytically to A (I, II, IV, XII), to C (V and XVI), to A and C (III, VII, XIV) or to all three allozymes (XV). A heterocyclic substituent at positions 1 or 2 of GSH favors inhibition of A, whereas a small hydrophobic/hydrophilic amide substituent at position 2 (Cys) favors inhibition of B and C. Heterocyclic substituents at position 1, only, produce catalytic analogues for A, whereas less bulky and more flexible hydrophobic/hydrophilic substituents, at positions 1 or 3, lead to effective substrates with C. When such substituents were introduced simultaneously at positions 1 and 3, the analogues produced have no catalytic potential but showed appreciable inhibitory effects, instead, with all allozymes. It is anticipated that when GSH analogues with selective inhibitory or catalytic binding, were conjugated to allozyme-selective inhibitors of hGSTP1-1, the derived leads would be useful for the designing of novel chimeric inhibitors against the MDR-involved hGSTP1-1 allozymes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 330-344, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Zompra
- Laboratory Οf Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Pappa
- Laboratory Οf Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Trias Thireou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Eliopoulos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Cordopatis
- Laboratory Οf Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
| | - Yannis Clonis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Xue R, Wu J, Luo X, Gong Y, Huang Y, Shen X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Huang Z. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Diazeniumdiolate-Based DNA Cross-Linking Agents Activatable by Glutathione S-Transferase. Org Lett 2016; 18:5196-5199. [PMID: 27696880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-1-[N,N-bis(2-substituted ethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolates 4-6 were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. The most active compound 6 caused significant DNA damage by releasing N,N-bis(2-TsO ethyl)amine and two molecules of nitric oxide (NO) after activation by GST/GSH in cancer cells, being more cytotoxic against three cancer cell lines than a well-known diazeniumdiolate-based anticancer agent JS-K, suggesting that the strategy has potential to extend to other O2-derived diazeniumdiolates to improve anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xinxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and ‡Foreign Languages Department, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Experimental and quantum chemical modeling of the influence of the pH of the medium on the NO-donor activity of the mononuclear nitrosyl iron complex [Fe(SC(NH2)2)2(NO)2]Сl•H2O. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-1162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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35
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El-Sehemy A, Postovit LM, Fu Y. Nitric oxide signaling in human ovarian cancer: A potential therapeutic target. Nitric Oxide 2016; 54:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
The three endogenous gaseous transmitters - nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - regulate a number of key biological functions. Emerging data have revealed several new mechanisms for each of these three gasotransmitters in tumour biology. It is now appreciated that they show bimodal pharmacological character in cancer, in that not only the inhibition of their biosynthesis but also elevation of their concentration beyond a certain threshold can exert anticancer effects. This Review discusses the role of each gasotransmitter in cancer and the effects of pharmacological agents - some of which are in early-stage clinical studies - that modulate the levels of each gasotransmitter. A clearer understanding of the pharmacological character of these three gases and the mechanisms underlying their biological effects is expected to guide further clinical translation.
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PABA/NO lead optimization: Improved targeting of cytotoxicity to glutathione S-transferase P1-overexpressing cancer cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4980-4988. [PMID: 26043946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PABA/NO [O(2)-{2,4-dinitro-5-[4-(N-methylamino)benzoyloxy]phenyl} 1-(N,N-dimethylamino) diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] is a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing arylating agent designed to be selectively activated by reaction with glutathione (GSH) on catalysis by glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), an enzyme frequently overexpressed in cancer cells. PABA/NO has proven active in several cancer models in vitro and in vivo, but its tendency to be metabolized via a variety of pathways, some that generate inactive metabolites and hydrolysis products, limits its potential as a drug. Here we show that a simple replacement of cyano for nitro at the 4 position to give compound 4b ('p-cyano-PABA/NO') has the dual effect of slowing the undesired side reactions while enhancing the proportion of NO release and arylating activity on catalysis by GSTP1. Compound 4b showed increased resistance to hydrolysis and uncatalyzed reaction with GSH, along with a more favorable product distribution in the presence of GSTP1. It also showed significant proapoptotic activity. The data suggest p-cyano-PABA/NO to be a more promising prodrug than PABA/NO, with better selectivity toward cancer cells.
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Zhang J, Grek C, Ye ZW, Manevich Y, Tew KD, Townsend DM. Pleiotropic functions of glutathione S-transferase P. Adv Cancer Res 2015; 122:143-75. [PMID: 24974181 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420117-0.00004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) is one member of the GST superfamily that is prevalently expressed in mammals. Known to possess catalytic activity through deprotonating glutathione allowing formation of thioether bonds with electrophilic substrates, more recent discoveries have broadened our understanding of the biological roles of this protein. In addition to catalytic detoxification, other properties so far ascribed to GSTP include chaperone functions, regulation of nitric oxide pathways, regulation of a variety of kinase signaling pathways, and participation in the forward reaction of protein S-glutathionylation. The expression of GSTP has been linked with cancer and other human pathologies and more recently even with drug addiction. With respect to human health, polymorphic variants of GSTP may determine individual susceptibility to oxidative stress and/or be critical in the design and development of drugs that have used redox pathways as a discovery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Grek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Ye
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yefim Manevich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, John C. West Chair of Cancer Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Fu J, Zou Y, Huang Z, Yan C, Zhou Q, Zhang H, Lai Y, Peng S, Zhang Y. Identification of nitric oxide-releasing derivatives of oleanolic acid as potential anti-colon cancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NO-releasing hybrid 6 regulates colon cancer-related signaling pathways, exhibiting potent anti-colon cancer activity in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Chang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Qimeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Huibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- PR China
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Glutathione S-transferase P influences redox and migration pathways in bone marrow. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107478. [PMID: 25216273 PMCID: PMC4162606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To interrogate why redox homeostasis and glutathione S-transferase P (GSTP) are important in regulating bone marrow cell proliferation and migration, we isolated crude bone marrow, lineage negative and bone marrow derived-dendritic cells (BMDDCs) from both wild type (WT) and knockout (Gstp1/p2(-/-)) mice. Comparison of the two strains showed distinct thiol expression patterns. WT had higher baseline and reactive oxygen species-induced levels of S-glutathionylated proteins, some of which (sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase) regulate Ca(2+) fluxes and subsequently influence proliferation and migration. Redox status is also a crucial determinant in the regulation of the chemokine system. CXCL12 chemotactic response was stronger in WT cells, with commensurate alterations in plasma membrane polarization/permeability and intracellular calcium fluxes; activities of the downstream kinases, ERK and Akt were also higher in WT. In addition, expression levels of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its associated phosphatase, SHP-2, were higher in WT. Inhibition of CXCR4 or SHP2 decreased the extent of CXCL12-induced migration in WT BMDDCs. The differential surface densities of CXCR4, SHP-2 and inositol trisphosphate receptor in WT and Gstp1/p2(-/-) cells correlated with the differential CXCR4 functional activities, as measured by the extent of chemokine-induced directional migration and differences in intracellular signaling. These observed differences contribute to our understanding of how genetic ablation of GSTP causes different levels of myeloproliferation and migration [corrected]
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Singh S. Cytoprotective and regulatory functions of glutathione S-transferases in cancer cell proliferation and cell death. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 75:1-15. [PMID: 25143300 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) family of enzymes is best known for their cytoprotective role and their involvement in the development of anticancer drug resistance. Recently, emergence of non-detoxifying properties of GSTs has provided them with significant biological importance. Addressing the complex interactions of GSTs with regulatory kinases will help in understanding its precise role in tumor pathophysiology and in designing GST-centered anticancer strategies. METHODS We reviewed all published literature addressing the detoxification and regulatory roles of GSTs in the altered biology of cancer and evaluating novel agents targeting GSTs for cancer therapy. RESULTS The role of GSTs, especially glutathione S-transferase P1 isoform in tumoral drug resistance, has been the cause of intense debate. GSTs have been demonstrated to interact with different protein partners and modulate signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These specific functions of GSTs could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches and to the identification of some interesting candidates for preclinical and clinical development. This review focuses on the crucial role played by GSTs in the development of resistance to anticancer agents and the major findings regarding the different modes of action of GSTs to regulate cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, UP, India,
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Ramsay EE, Dilda PJ. Glutathione S-conjugates as prodrugs to target drug-resistant tumors. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:181. [PMID: 25157234 PMCID: PMC4127970 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are continuously exposed to xenobiotics. The major phase of enzymatic detoxification in many species is the conjugation of activated xenobiotics to reduced glutathione (GSH) catalyzed by the glutathione-S-transferase (GST). It has been reported that some compounds, once transformed into glutathione S-conjugates, enter the mercapturic acid pathway whose end products are highly reactive and toxic for the cell responsible for their production. The cytotoxicity of these GSH conjugates depends essentially on GST and gamma-glutamyl transferases (γGT), the enzymes which initiate the mercapturic acid synthesis pathway. Numerous studies support the view that the expression of GST and γGT in cancer cells represents an important factor in the appearance of a more aggressive and resistant phenotype. High levels of tumor GST and γGT expression were employed to selectively target tumor with GST- or γGT-activated drugs. This strategy, explored over the last two decades, has recently been successful using GST-activated nitrogen mustard (TLK286) and γGT-activated arsenic-based (GSAO and Darinaparsin) prodrugs confirming the potential of GSH-conjugates as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Ramsay
- Tumour Metabolism Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pierre J Dilda
- Tumour Metabolism Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Site-directed delivery of nitric oxide to cancers. Nitric Oxide 2014; 43:8-16. [PMID: 25124221 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive gaseous free radical which mediates numerous biological processes. At elevated levels, NO is found to be toxic to cancers and hence, a number of strategies for site-directed delivery of NO to cancers are in development during the past two decades. More recently, the focus of research has been to, in conjunction with other cancer drugs deliver NO to cancers for its secondary effects including inhibition of cellular drug efflux pumps. Among the various approaches toward site-selective delivery of exogenous NO sources, enzyme activated nitric oxide donors belonging to the diazeniumdiolate category afford unique advantages including exquisite control of rates of NO generation and selectivity of NO production. For this prodrug approach, enzymes including esterase, glutathione/glutathione S-transferase, DT-diaphorase, and nitroreductase are utilized. Here, we review the design and development of various approaches to enzymatic site-directed delivery of NO to cancers and their potential.
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Grek C, Townsend D. Protein Disulfide Isomerase Superfamily in Disease and the Regulation of Apoptosis. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN DISEASES 2014; 1:4-17. [PMID: 25309899 PMCID: PMC4192724 DOI: 10.2478/ersc-2013-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis requires the balance of a multitude of signaling cascades that are contingent upon the essential proteins being properly synthesized, folded and delivered to appropriate subcellular locations. In eukaryotic cells the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle that is the central site of synthesis and folding of secretory, membrane and a number of organelletargeted proteins. The integrity of protein folding is enabled by the presence of ATP, Ca++, molecular chaperones, as well as an oxidizing redox environment. The imbalance between the load and capacity of protein folding results in a cellular condition known as ER stress. Failure of these pathways to restore ER homeostasis results in the activation of apoptotic pathways. Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) compose a superfamily of oxidoreductases that have diverse sequences and are localized in the ER, nucleus, cytosol, mitochondria and cell membrane. The PDI superfamily has multiple functions including, acting as molecular chaperones, protein-binding partners, and hormone reservoirs. Recently, PDI family members have been implicated in the regulation of apoptotic signaling events. The complexities underlying the molecular mechanisms that define the switch from pro-survival to pro-death response are evidenced by recent studies that reveal the roles of specific chaperone proteins as integration points in signaling pathways that determine cell fate. The following review discusses the dual role of PDI in cell death and survival during ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Grek
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - D.M. Townsend
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
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Sanina N, Kozub G, Zhukova O, Emel’yanova N, Kondrat’eva T, Korchagin D, Shilov G, Ovanesyan N, Aldoshin S. Synthesis, structure, NO donor activity of iron–sulfur nitrosyl complex with 2-aminophenol-2-yl and its antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells. J COORD CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2013.848980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N.A. Sanina
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - G.I. Kozub
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - O.S. Zhukova
- Russian Academy of Medical Sciences N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N.S. Emel’yanova
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - T.A. Kondrat’eva
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - D.V. Korchagin
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - G.V. Shilov
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - N.S. Ovanesyan
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
| | - S.M. Aldoshin
- Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation
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Fu J, Liu L, Huang Z, Lai Y, Ji H, Peng S, Tian J, Zhang Y. Hybrid Molecule from O2-(2,4-Dinitrophenyl)diazeniumdiolate and Oleanolic Acid: A Glutathione S-Transferase π-Activated Nitric Oxide Prodrug with Selective Anti-Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity and Improved Stability. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4641-55. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400393u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Ling Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Department of Pharmacology,
Medical
College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Yisheng Lai
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Sixun Peng
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and
Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key
Laboratory of Natural
Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
- Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR
China
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Ruzza P, Calderan A. Glutathione Transferase (GST)-Activated Prodrugs. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:220-31. [PMID: 24300447 PMCID: PMC3834953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics5020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione transferase (formerly GST) catalyzes the inactivation of various electrophile-producing anticancer agents via conjugation to the tripeptide glutathione. Moreover, several data link the overexpression of some GSTs, in particular GSTP1-1, to both natural and acquired resistance to various structurally unrelated anticancer drugs. Tumor overexpression of these proteins has provided a rationale for the search of GST inhibitors and GST activated cytotoxic prodrugs. In the present review we discuss the current structural and pharmacological knowledge of GST-activated cytotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR, Padova Unit, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy.
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LI DH, WANG L, CAI H, JIANG BW, ZHANG YH, SUN YJ, XU JY. Synthesis of novel furozan-based nitric oxide-releasing derivatives of 1-oxo-oridonin with anti-proliferative activity. Chin J Nat Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(12)60089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Koutsoumpli GE, Dimaki VD, Thireou TN, Eliopoulos EE, Labrou NE, Varvounis GI, Clonis YD. Synthesis and study of 2-(pyrrolesulfonylmethyl)-N-arylimines: a new class of inhibitors for human glutathione transferase A1-1. J Med Chem 2012; 55:6802-13. [PMID: 22849615 DOI: 10.1021/jm300385f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of human GSTA1-1 in tumor cells is part of MDR mechanisms. We report on the synthesis of 11 pyrrole derivatives as hGSTA1-1 inhibitors starting from 1-methyl-2-[(2-nitrobenzylsulfanyl]-1H-pyrrole. Molecular modeling revealed two locations in the enzyme H binding site: the catalytic primary one accommodating shorter and longer derivatives and the secondary one, where shorter derivatives can occupy. Derivative 9, displaying the highest inhibition and bearing a p-nitroarylimino moiety, and derivative 4, lacking this moiety, were studied kinetically. Derivative 9 binds (K(i(9)) = 71 ± 4 μM) at the primary site competitively vs CDNB. Derivative 4 binds (K(i(4)) = 135 ± 27 μM) at the primary and secondary sites, allowing the binding of a second molecule (4 or CDNB) leading to formation of unreactive and reactive complexes, respectively. The arylmethylsulfonylpyrrole core structure is a new pharmacophore for hGSTA1-1, whereas its derivative 9 may serve as a lead structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia E Koutsoumpli
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens , 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-118 55 Athens, Greece
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Liu L, Fu J, Li T, Cui R, Ling J, Yu X, Ji H, Zhang Y. NG, a novel PABA/NO-based oleanolic acid derivative, induces human hepatoma cell apoptosis via a ROS/MAPK-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 691:61-8. [PMID: 22824464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
O(2)-(2,4-dinitro-5-{[2-(12-en-28-β-D- galactopyranosyl-oleanolate-3-yl) -oxy-2-oxoethyl]amino}phenyl)1-(N-hydroxyethylmethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2- diolate (NG), a novel PABA/NO-based derivative of oleanolic acid (OA), has been found to show potent antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, NG could significantly reduce tumor volume and weight in the H22 solid tumor mouse model. Meanwhile, NG showed selective effects on the HepG2 cells including NO generation, cytotoxic effect and apoptosis, which were prevented by hemoglobin (NO scavenger). Moreover, NG-induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells was characteristic of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and enhanced Bax-to-Bcl-2 ratio. The release of apoptotic inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) from mitochondria and the activation of caspase-3, 9 were also detected, indicating that NG may induce apoptosis through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway. Simultaneously, NG treatment could lead to the activation of the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK but not ERK1/2. Treatment with SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK) and SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38) prior to NG was found to reverse NG-induced apoptosis. Moreover, it was found that antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) blocked the induction of apoptosis and partly reversed the activation of JNK and p38, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2 and the activation of caspase-3 in NG-treated cells. Taking together, these findings suggest that NO can be released from NG, which induces apoptosis through a ROS/MAPK-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
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