1
|
Wang Y, Liu W, Jiao Y, Yang Y, Shan D, Ji X, Zhang R, Zhan Z, Tang Y, Guo D, Yan C, Liu F. Advances in the Differentiation of hiPSCs into Cerebellar Neuronal Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1782-1794. [PMID: 39023738 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10763-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The cerebellum has historically been primarily associated with the regulation of precise motor functions. However, recent findings suggest that it also plays a pivotal role in the development of advanced cognitive functions, including learning, memory, and emotion regulation. Pathological changes in the cerebellum, whether congenital hereditary or acquired degenerative, can result in a diverse spectrum of disorders, ranging from genetic spinocerebellar ataxias to psychiatric conditions such as autism, and schizophrenia. While studies in animal models have significantly contributed to our understanding of the genetic networks governing cerebellar development, it is important to note that the human cerebellum follows a protracted developmental timeline compared to the neocortex. Consequently, employing animal models to uncover human-specific molecular events in cerebellar development presents significant challenges. The emergence of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has provided an invaluable tool for creating human-based culture systems, enabling the modeling and analysis of cerebellar physiology and pathology. hiPSCs and their differentiated progenies can be derived from patients with specific disorders or carrying distinct genetic variants. Importantly, they preserve the unique genetic signatures of the individuals from whom they originate, allowing for the elucidation of human-specific molecular and cellular processes involved in cerebellar development and related disorders. This review focuses on the technical advancements in the utilization of hiPSCs for the generation of both 2D cerebellar neuronal cells and 3D cerebellar organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Wenzhu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yichang Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yitong Yang
- School of Nursing, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, 272067, China
| | - Didi Shan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xinbo Ji
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zexin Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, 266103, China.
| | - Fuchen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang YX, Zhou Y, Xiong YY, Li YM. Beyond skin deep: Revealing the essence of iPS cell-generated skin organoids in regeneration. Burns 2024:S0305-4179(24)00197-9. [PMID: 39317530 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Various methods have been used for in vivo and in vitro skin regeneration, including stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, 3D printing, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection therapy. However, these approaches are rooted in the existing knowledge of skin structures, which overlook the normal physiological processes of skin development and fall short of replicating the skin's regenerative processes outside the body. This comprehensive review primarily focuses on skin organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to regenerate human skin tissue by restoring the embryonic skin structure, thus offering a novel avenue for producing in vitro skin substitutes. Furthermore, they contribute to the repair of damaged skin lesions in patients with systemic sclerosis or severe burns. Particular emphasis will be placed on the origins, generations, and applications of skin organoids, especially in dermatology, and the challenges that must be addressed before clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu-Yun Xiong
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv X, Zhao N, Long S, Wang G, Ran X, Gao J, Wang J, Wang T. 3D skin bioprinting as promising therapeutic strategy for radiation-associated skin injuries. Wound Repair Regen 2024; 32:217-228. [PMID: 38602068 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Both cutaneous radiation injury and radiation combined injury (RCI) could have serious skin traumas, which are collectively referred to as radiation-associated skin injuries in this paper. These two types of skin injuries require special managements of wounds, and the therapeutic effects still need to be further improved. Cutaneous radiation injuries are common in both radiotherapy patients and victims of radioactive source accidents, which could lead to skin necrosis and ulcers in serious conditions. At present, there are still many challenges in management of cutaneous radiation injuries including early diagnosis, lesion assessment, and treatment prognosis. Radiation combined injuries are special and important issues in severe nuclear accidents, which often accompanied by serious skin traumas. Mass victims of RCI would be the focus of public health concern. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, as a versatile and favourable technique, offers effective approaches to fabricate biomimetic architectures with bioactivity, which provides potentials for resolve the challenges in treating radiation-associated skin injuries. Combining with the cutting-edge advances in 3D skin bioprinting, the authors analyse the damage characteristics of skin wounds in both cutaneous radiation injury and RCI and look forward to the potential value of 3D skin bioprinting for the treatments of radiation-associated skin injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guojian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xinze Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jining Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Institute of Combined Injury, School of Preventive Military Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huelsboemer L, Knoedler L, Kochen A, Yu CT, Hosseini H, Hollmann KS, Choi AE, Stögner VA, Knoedler S, Hsia HC, Pomahac B, Kauke-Navarro M. Cellular therapeutics and immunotherapies in wound healing - on the pulse of time? Mil Med Res 2024; 11:23. [PMID: 38637905 PMCID: PMC11025282 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-024-00528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic, non-healing wounds represent a significant challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, often requiring significant human and financial resources. Chronic wounds arise from the complex interplay of underlying comorbidities, such as diabetes or vascular diseases, lifestyle factors, and genetic risk profiles which may predispose extremities to local ischemia. Injuries are further exacerbated by bacterial colonization and the formation of biofilms. Infection, consequently, perpetuates a chronic inflammatory microenvironment, preventing the progression and completion of normal wound healing. The current standard of care (SOC) for chronic wounds involves surgical debridement along with localized wound irrigation, which requires inpatient care under general anesthesia. This could be followed by, if necessary, defect coverage via a reconstructive ladder utilizing wound debridement along with skin graft, local, or free flap techniques once the wound conditions are stabilized and adequate blood supply is restored. To promote physiological wound healing, a variety of approaches have been subjected to translational research. Beyond conventional wound healing drugs and devices that currently supplement treatments, cellular and immunotherapies have emerged as promising therapeutics that can behave as tailored therapies with cell- or molecule-specific wound healing properties. However, in contrast to the clinical omnipresence of chronic wound healing disorders, there remains a shortage of studies condensing the current body of evidence on cellular therapies and immunotherapies for chronic wounds. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of current therapies, experimental approaches, and translational studies, offering insights into their efficacy and limitations. Ultimately, we hope this line of research may serve as an evidence-based foundation to guide further experimental and translational approaches and optimize patient care long-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lioba Huelsboemer
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Leonard Knoedler
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Kochen
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Regenerative Wound Healing Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Catherine T Yu
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Helia Hosseini
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Katharina S Hollmann
- School of Medicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ashley E Choi
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA, 92324, USA
| | - Viola A Stögner
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- School of Medicine, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry C Hsia
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Regenerative Wound Healing Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Martin Kauke-Navarro
- Division of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marinho PA, Jeong G, Shin SH, Kim SN, Choi H, Lee SH, Park BC, Hong YD, Kim HJ, Park WS. The development of an in vitrohuman hair follicle organoid with a complexity similar to that in vivo. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:025041. [PMID: 38324888 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
In vitrohair follicle (HF) models are currently limited toex vivoHF organ cultures (HFOCs) or 2D models that are of low availability and do not reproduce the architecture or behavior of the hair, leading to poor screening systems. To resolve this issue, we developed a technology for the construction of a humanin vitrohair construct based on the assemblage of different types of cells present in the hair organ. First, we demonstrated that epithelial cells, when isolatedin vitro, have similar genetic signatures regardless of their dissection site, and their trichogenic potential is dependent on the culture conditions. Then, using cell aggregation techniques, 3D spheres of dermal papilla (DP) were constructed, and subsequently, epithelial cells were added, enabling the production and organization of keratins in hair, similar to what is seenin vivo. These reconstructed tissues resulted in the following hair compartments: K71 (inner root-sheath), K85 (matrix region), K75 (companion layer), and vimentin (DP). Furthermore, the new hair model was able to elongate similarly toex vivoHFOC, resulting in a shaft-like shape several hundred micrometers in length. As expected, when the model was exposed to hair growth enhancers, such as ginseng extract, or inhibitors, such as TGF-B-1, significant effects similar to thosein vivowere observed. Moreover, when transplanted into skin biopsies, the new constructs showed signs of integration and hair bud generation. Owing to its simplicity and scalability, this model fully enables high throughput screening of molecules, which allows understanding of the mechanism by which new actives treat hair loss, finding optimal concentrations, and determining the synergy and antagonism among different raw materials. Therefore, this model could be a starting point for applying regenerative medicine approaches to treat hair loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gyusang Jeong
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Shin
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Na Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwon Choi
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Park
- AMOREPACIFIC Research and Innovation Center, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu D, Xu Q, Meng X, Liu X, Liu J. Status of research on the development and regeneration of hair follicles. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:80-94. [PMID: 38164355 PMCID: PMC10750333 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.88508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair loss, or alopecia, is a prevalent condition in modern society that imposes substantial mental and psychological burden on individuals. The types of hair loss, include androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and telogen effluvium; of them, androgenetic alopecia is the most common condition. Traditional treatment modalities mainly involve medical options, such as minoxidil, finasteride and surgical interventions, such as hair transplantation. However, these treatments still have many limitations. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of hair loss, specifically focusing on the development and regeneration of hair follicles (HFs), and developing new strategies for promoting hair regrowth are essential. Some emerging therapies for hair loss have gained prominence; these therapies include low-level laser therapy, micro needling, fractional radio frequency, platelet-rich plasma, and stem cell therapy. The aforementioned therapeutic strategies appear promising for hair loss management. In this review, we investigated the mechanisms underlying HF development and regeneration. For this, we studied the structure, development, cycle, and cellular function of HFs. In addition, we analyzed the symptoms, types, and causes of hair loss as well as its current conventional treatments. Our study provides an overview of the most effective regenerative medicine-based therapies for hair loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Correia M, Lopes J, Lopes D, Melero A, Makvandi P, Veiga F, Coelho JFJ, Fonseca AC, Paiva-Santos AC. Nanotechnology-based techniques for hair follicle regeneration. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122348. [PMID: 37866013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a multicellular complex structure of the skin that contains a reservoir of multipotent stem cells. Traditional hair repair methods such as drug therapies, hair transplantation, and stem cell therapy have limitations. Advances in nanotechnology offer new approaches for HF regeneration, including controlled drug release and HF-specific targeting. Until recently, embryogenesis was thought to be the only mechanism for forming hair follicles. However, in recent years, the phenomenon of wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) or de novo HF regeneration has gained attention as it can occur under certain conditions in wound beds. This review covers HF-specific targeting strategies, with particular emphasis on currently used nanotechnology-based strategies for both hair loss-related diseases and HF regeneration. HF regeneration is discussed in several modalities: modulation of the hair cycle, stimulation of progenitor cells and signaling pathways, tissue engineering, WIHN, and gene therapy. The HF has been identified as an ideal target for nanotechnology-based strategies for hair regeneration. However, some regulatory challenges may delay the development of HF regeneration nanotechnology based-strategies, which will be lastly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Correia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Lopes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Melero
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, University of Valencia (Campus de Burjassot), Av. Vicente A. Estelles s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, 324000, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge F J Coelho
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana C Fonseca
- CEMMPRE - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Motter Catarino C, Cigaran Schuck D, Dechiario L, Karande P. Incorporation of hair follicles in 3D bioprinted models of human skin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0297. [PMID: 37831765 PMCID: PMC10575578 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches fail to adequately introduce complex adnexal structures such as hair follicles within tissue engineered models of skin. Here, we report on the use of 3D bioprinting to incorporate these structures in engineered skin tissues. Spheroids, induced by printing dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs), were precisely printed within a pregelled dermal layer containing fibroblasts. The resulting tissue developed hair follicle-like structures upon maturation, supported by migration of keratinocytes and melanocytes, and their morphology and composition grossly mimicked that of the native skin tissue. Reconstructed skin models with increased complexity that better mimic native adnexal structures can have a substantial impact on regenerative medicine as grafts and efficacy models to test the safety of chemical compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Motter Catarino
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Grupo Boticário, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Lexi Dechiario
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Pankaj Karande
- Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vatanashevanopakorn C, Sartyoungkul T. iPSC-based approach for human hair follicle regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1149050. [PMID: 37325563 PMCID: PMC10266356 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1149050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles (HFs) are a multifunctional structure involved in physical protection, thermoregulation, sensational detection, and wound healing. Formation and cycling of HFs require dynamic interaction between different cell types of the follicles. Although the processes have been well studied, the generation of human functional HFs with a normal cycling pattern for clinical utilization has yet to be achieved. Recently, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) serve as an unlimited cell source for generating various types of cells including cells of the HFs. In this review, HF morphogenesis and cycling, different cell sources used for HF regeneration, and potential strategies for HF bioengineering using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are depicted. Challenges and perspectives toward the therapeutic use of bioengineered HFs for hair loss disorder are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinnavuth Vatanashevanopakorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanutchaporn Sartyoungkul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Siriraj Center for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Recent Clinical Treatment and Basic Research on the Alveolar Bone. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030843. [PMID: 36979821 PMCID: PMC10044990 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament is located between the bone (alveolar bone) and the cementum of the tooth, and it is connected by tough fibers called Sharpey’s fibers. To maintain healthy teeth, the foundation supporting the teeth must be healthy. Periodontal diseases, also known as tooth loss, cause the alveolar bone to dissolve. The alveolar bone, similar to the bones in other body parts, is repeatedly resorbed by osteoclasts and renewed by osteogenic cells. This means that an old bone is constantly being resorbed and replaced by a new bone. In periodontal diseases, the alveolar bone around the teeth is absorbed, and as the disease progresses, the alveolar bone shrinks gradually. In most cases, the resorbed alveolar bone does not return to its original form even after periodontal disease is cured. Gum covers the tooth surface so that it matches the shape of the resorbed alveolar bone, exposing more of the tooth surface than before, making the teeth look longer, leaving gaps between the teeth, and in some cases causing teeth to sting. Previously, the only treatment for periodontal diseases was to stop the disease from progressing further before the teeth fell out, and restoration to the original condition was almost impossible. However, a treatment method that can help in the regeneration of the supporting tissues of the teeth destroyed by periodontal diseases and the restoration of the teeth to their original healthy state as much as possible is introduced. Recently, with improvements in implant material properties, implant therapy has become an indispensable treatment method in dentistry and an important prosthetic option. Treatment methods and techniques, which are mainly based on experience, have gradually accumulated scientific evidence, and the number of indications for treatment has increased. The development of bone augmentation methods has contributed remarkably to the expansion of indications, and this has been made possible by various advances in materials science. The induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) cell technology for regenerating periodontal tissues, including alveolar bone, is expected to be applied in the treatment of diseases, such as tooth loss and periodontitis. This review focuses on the alveolar bone and describes clinical practice, techniques, and the latest basic research.
Collapse
|
11
|
Castro AR, Portinha C, Logarinho E. The booming business of hair loss. Trends Biotechnol 2023; 41:731-735. [PMID: 36669948 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The need for effective hair loss treatments has fostered research and the emergence of several biotechnology companies. Pharmacological approaches, although competitive, have been surpassed by cell-based therapies, which remain clinically immature. But are the current efforts enough for the hairy goal, or will additional strategies be required?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Castro
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Saúde Viável, 4150-516 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Elsa Logarinho
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Saúde Viável, 4150-516 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sung JH. Effective and economical cell therapy for hair regeneration. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:113988. [PMID: 36370520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed and summarized the latest reports on the characteristics of stem cells and follicular cells that are under development for hair loss treatment. Compared with conventional medicine, cell therapy could be effective in the long term with a single treatment while having mild adverse effects. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the advantages of easy access and large isolation amount compared with dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cup cells (DSCs), and promote hair growth through the paracrine effect. ASCs have a poor potential in hair neogenesis, therefore, methods to enhance trichogenecity of ASCs should be developed. DSCs can be isolated from the peribulbar dermal sheath cup, while having immune tolerance, and hair inductivity. Therefore, DSCs were first developed and finished the phase II clinical trial; however, the hair growth was not satisfactory. Considering that a single injection of DSCs is effective for at least 9 months in the clinical setting, they can be an alternative therapy for hair regeneration. Though DPCs are not yet studied in clinical trials, we should pay attention to DPCs, as hair loss is associated with gradual reduction of DPCs and DP cell numbers fluctuate over the hair cycle. DPCs could make new hair follicles with epidermal cells, and have an immunomodulatory function to enable allogeneic transplantation. In addition, we can expand large quantities of DPCs with hair inductivity using spheroid culture, hypoxia condition, and growth factor supplement. 'Off-the-shelf' DPC therapy could be effective and economical, and therefore promising for hair regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Obara K, Reynoso J, Hamada Y, Aoki Y, Kubota Y, Masaki N, Amoh Y, Hoffman RM. Hair follicle associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells jump from transplanted whiskers to pelage follicles and stimulate hair growth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21174. [PMID: 36476963 PMCID: PMC9729176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of hair growth in hair loss has been a difficult goal to achieve. Hair follicle-associated pluripotent (HAP) stem cells express nestin and have been shown to differentiate to multiple cell types including keratinocytes, neurons, beating cardiac muscles and numerous other cell types. HAP stem cells originate in the bulge area of the hair follicle and have been shown to migrate within and outside the hair follicle. In the present study, the upper part of vibrissa follicles from nestin-driven green-fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, containing GFP-expressing HAP stem cells, were transplanted in the dorsal area of athymic nude mice. Fluorescence microscopy and immunostaining showed the transplanted HAP stem cells jumped and targeted the bulge and hair bulb and other areas of the resident nude mouse pelage follicles where they differentiated to keratinocytes. These results indicate that transplanted nestin-GFP expressing HAP stem cells jumped from the upper part of the whisker follicles and targeted nude-mouse hair follicles, which are genetically deficient to grow normal hair shafts, and differentiated to keratinocytes to produce normal mature hair shafts. The resident nude-mouse pelage follicles targeted by jumping whisker HAP stem cells produced long hair shafts from numerous hair follicles for least 2 hair cycles during 36 days, demonstrations that HAP stem cells can stimulate hair growth. The present results for hair loss therapy are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koya Obara
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Jose Reynoso
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
| | - Yuko Hamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yusuke Aoki
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Yutaro Kubota
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Noriyuki Masaki
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Amoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Minami Ward, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer, Inc., 7917 Ostrow Street, San Diego, CA, 92111, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oceguera-Yanez F, Avila-Robinson A, Woltjen K. Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells for modeling human skin development and potential applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1030339. [PMID: 36506084 PMCID: PMC9728031 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of mammals is a multilayered and multicellular tissue that forms an environmental barrier with key functions in protection, regulation, and sensation. While animal models have long served to study the basic functions of the skin in vivo, new insights are expected from in vitro models of human skin development. Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have proven to be invaluable tools for studying human development in vitro. To understand the mechanisms regulating human skin homeostasis and injury repair at the molecular level, recent efforts aim to differentiate PSCs towards skin epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and skin appendages such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Here, we present an overview of the literature describing strategies for human PSC differentiation towards the components of skin, with a particular focus on keratinocytes. We highlight fundamental advances in the field employing patient-derived human induced PSCs (iPSCs) and skin organoid generation. Importantly, PSCs allow researchers to model inherited skin diseases in the search for potential treatments. Skin differentiation from human PSCs holds the potential to clarify human skin biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Oceguera-Yanez
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Fabian Oceguera-Yanez, ; Knut Woltjen,
| | | | - Knut Woltjen
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,*Correspondence: Fabian Oceguera-Yanez, ; Knut Woltjen,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hosseini M, Koehler KR, Shafiee A. Biofabrication of Human Skin with Its Appendages. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201626. [PMID: 36063498 PMCID: PMC11469047 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been made to generate human skin organ in the laboratory. Yet, the current models are limited due to the lack of many critical biological and structural features of the skin. Importantly, these in vitro models lack appendages and fail to recapitulate the whole human skin construction. Thus, engineering a human skin with the capacity to generate all components, including appendages, is a major challenge. This review intends to provide an update on the recent efforts underway to regenerate appendage-bearing skin organs based on scaffold-free and scaffold-based bioengineering approaches. Although the mouse skin equivalents containing hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands have been established in vitro, there has been limited success in humans. A combination of biofabricated matrices and cell aggregates, such as organoids, can pave the way for generating skin substitutes with human-like biological, structural, and physical features. Accordingly, the formation of human skin organoids and reconstruction of vascularized skin equipped with immune cells prompt calls for more scientific research. The generation of appendage-bearing skin substitutes can be applied in practice for wound healing, hair restoration, and scar treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- School of MechanicalMedical and Process EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4059Australia
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D)Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD4059Australia
| | - Karl R. Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Department of OtolaryngologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMA02115USA
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Herston Biofabrication InstituteMetro North Hospital and Health ServiceBrisbaneQLD4029Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalMetro North Hospital and Health ServiceBrisbaneQLD4029Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina InstituteTranslational Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD4102Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhou D, Ma X, Yang S, Xu T. Mechanical engineering of hair follicle regeneration by in situ bioprinting. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213127. [PMID: 36244245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hair loss caused by various factors such as trauma, stress, and diseases hurts patient psychology and seriously affects patients' quality of life, but there is no effective method to control it. In situ bioprinting is a method for printing bioinks directly into defective sites according to the shape and characteristics of the defective tissue or organ to promote tissue or organ repair. In this study, we applied a 3D bioprinting machine in situ bioprinting of epidermal stem cells (Epi-SCs), skin-derived precursors (SKPs), and Matrigel into the wounds of nude mice to promote hair follicle regeneration based on their native microenvironment. The results showed successful regeneration of hair follicles and other skin appendages at 4 weeks after in situ bioprinting. Moreover, we confirmed that bioprinting only slightly decreased stem cell viability and maintained the stemness of the stem cells. These findings demonstrated a mechanical engineering method for hair follicle regeneration by in situ bioprinting which has potential in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; Huaqing Zhimei Bio-tech Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zhou
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Yang
- Departement of Dermatology, Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China; Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China; Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jain P, Kathuria H, Dubey N. Advances in 3D bioprinting of tissues/organs for regenerative medicine and in-vitro models. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121639. [PMID: 35779481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition in animal models during preclinical studies because disease phenotype differs between humans and animals. Three-dimensional bioprinting (3DBP) is evolving into an unparalleled multidisciplinary technology for engineering three-dimensional (3D) biological tissue with complex architecture and composition. The technology has emerged as a key driver by precise deposition and assembly of biomaterials with patient's/donor cells. This advancement has aided in the successful fabrication of in vitro models, preclinical implants, and tissue/organs-like structures. Here, we critically reviewed the current state of 3D-bioprinting strategies for regenerative therapy in eight organ systems, including nervous, cardiovascular, skeletal, integumentary, endocrine and exocrine, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urinary systems. We also focus on the application of 3D bioprinting to fabricated in vitro models to study cancer, infection, drug testing, and safety assessment. The concept of in situ 3D bioprinting is discussed, which is the direct printing of tissues at the injury or defect site for reparative and regenerative therapy. Finally, issues such as scalability, immune response, and regulatory approval are discussed, as well as recently developed tools and technologies such as four-dimensional and convergence bioprinting. In addition, information about clinical trials using 3D printing has been included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore; Nusmetic Pte Ltd, Makerspace, I4 Building, 3 Research Link Singapore, 117602, Singapore.
| | - Nileshkumar Dubey
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; ORCHIDS: Oral Care Health Innovations and Designs Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qian H, Shan Y, Gong R, Lin D, Zhang M, Wang C, Wang L. Fibroblasts in Scar Formation: Biology and Clinical Translation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4586569. [PMID: 35602101 PMCID: PMC9119755 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4586569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scarring, which develops due to fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix deposition, can cause physical, psychological, and cosmetic problems. Fibroblasts are the main type of connective tissue cells and play important roles in wound healing. However, the underlying mechanisms of fibroblast in reaching scarless wound healing require more exploration. Herein, we systematically reviewed how fibroblasts behave in response to skin injuries, as well as their functions in regeneration and scar formation. Several biocompatible materials, including hydrogels and nanoparticles, were also suggested. Moreover, factors that concern transformation from fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts are mentioned due to a tight association between scar formation and primary skin cancers. These findings will help us better understand skin fibrotic pathogenesis, as well as provide potential targets for scarless wound healing therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Qian
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Shan
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affifiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengwen Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Starbody plastic surgery Clinic, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee J, van der Valk WH, Serdy SA, Deakin C, Kim J, Le AP, Koehler KR. Generation and characterization of hair-bearing skin organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:1266-1305. [PMID: 35322210 PMCID: PMC10461778 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human skin uses millions of hairs and glands distributed across the body surface to function as an external barrier, thermoregulator and stimuli sensor. The large-scale generation of human skin with these appendages would be beneficial, but is challenging. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for generating hair-bearing skin tissue entirely from a homogeneous population of human pluripotent stem cells in a three-dimensional in vitro culture system. Defined culture conditions are used over a 2-week period to induce differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to surface ectoderm and cranial neural crest cells, which give rise to the epidermis and dermis, respectively, in each organoid unit. After 60 d of incubation, the skin organoids produce hair follicles. By day ~130, the skin organoids reach full complexity and contain stratified skin layers, pigmented hair follicles, sebaceous glands, Merkel cells and sensory neurons, recapitulating the cell composition and architecture of fetal skin tissue at week 18 of gestation. Skin organoids can be maintained in culture using this protocol for up to 150 d, enabling the organoids to be used to investigate basic skin biology, model disease and, further, reconstruct or regenerate skin tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Wouter H van der Valk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara A Serdy
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - CiCi Deakin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anh Phuong Le
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karl R Koehler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Llamas-Molina JM, Carrero-Castaño A, Ruiz-Villaverde R, Campos A. Tissue Engineering and Regeneration of the Human Hair Follicle in Androgenetic Alopecia: Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:117. [PMID: 35054510 PMCID: PMC8779163 DOI: 10.3390/life12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen-dependent process and represents the most frequent non-scarring alopecia. Treatments for AGA do not always achieve a satisfactory result for the patient, and sometimes cause side effects that lead to discontinuation of treatment. AGA therapeutics currently includes topical and oral drugs, as well as follicular unit micro-transplantation techniques. Tissue engineering (TE) is postulated as one of the possible future solutions to the problem and aims to develop fully functional hair follicles that maintain their cyclic rhythm in a physiological manner. However, despite its great potential, reconstitution of fully functional hair follicles is still a challenge to overcome and the knowledge gained of the key processes in hair follicle morphogenesis and biology has not yet been translated into effective replacement therapies in clinical practice. To achieve this, it is necessary to research and develop new approaches, techniques and biomaterials. In this review, present and emerging hair follicle bioengineering strategies are evaluated. The current problems of these bioengineering techniques are discussed, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, and the future prospects for the field of TE and successful hair follicle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada, Ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Campos
- Instituto Biosanitario de Granada, Ibs, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sun H, Zhang YX, Li YM. Generation of Skin Organoids: Potential Opportunities and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:709824. [PMID: 34805138 PMCID: PMC8600117 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.709824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several types of human skin substitutes are currently available, they usually do not include important skin appendages such as hair follicles and sweat glands, or various skin-related cells, such as dermal adipocytes and sensory neurons. This highlights the need to improve the in vitro human skin generation model for use as a tool for investigating skin diseases and as a source of cells or tissues for skin regeneration. Skin organoids are generated from stem cells and are expected to possess the complexity and function of natural skin. Here, we summarize the current literatures relating to the "niches" of the local skin stem cell microenvironment and the formation of skin organoids, and then discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with multifunctional skin organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Zhang
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ebner-Peking P, Krisch L, Wolf M, Hochmann S, Hoog A, Vári B, Muigg K, Poupardin R, Scharler C, Schmidhuber S, Russe E, Stachelscheid H, Schneeberger A, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Self-assembly of differentiated progenitor cells facilitates spheroid human skin organoid formation and planar skin regeneration. Theranostics 2021; 11:8430-8447. [PMID: 34373751 PMCID: PMC8344006 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-assembly of solid organs from single cells would greatly expand applicability of regenerative medicine. Stem/progenitor cells can self-organize into micro-sized organ units, termed organoids, partially modelling tissue function and regeneration. Here we demonstrated 3D self-assembly of adult and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial progenitors into both, planar human skin in vivo and a novel type of spheroid-shaped skin organoids in vitro, under the aegis of human platelet lysate. Methods: Primary endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), skin fibroblasts (FBs) and keratinocytes (KCs) were isolated from human tissues and polyclonally propagated under 2D xeno-free conditions. Human tissue-derived iPSCs were differentiated into endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs), fibroblasts (hiPSC-FBs) and keratinocytes (hiPSC-KCs) according to efficiency-optimized protocols. Cell identity and purity were confirmed by flow cytometry and clonogenicity indicated their stem/progenitor potential. Triple cell type floating spheroids formation was promoted by human platelet-derived growth factors containing culture conditions, using nanoparticle cell labelling for monitoring the organization process. Planar human skin regeneration was assessed in full-thickness wounds of immune-deficient mice upon transplantation of hiPSC-derived single cell suspensions. Results: Organoids displayed a distinct architecture with surface-anchored keratinocytes surrounding a stromal core, and specific signaling patterns in response to inflammatory stimuli. FGF-7 mRNA transfection was required to accelerate keratinocyte long-term fitness. Stratified human skin also self-assembled within two weeks after either adult- or iPSC-derived skin cell-suspension liquid-transplantation, healing deep wounds of mice. Transplant vascularization significantly accelerated in the presence of co-transplanted endothelial progenitors. Mechanistically, extracellular vesicles mediated the multifactorial platelet-derived trophic effects. No tumorigenesis occurred upon xenografting. Conclusion: This illustrates the superordinate progenitor self-organization principle and permits novel rapid 3D skin-related pharmaceutical high-content testing opportunities with floating spheroid skin organoids. Multi-cell transplant self-organization facilitates development of iPSC-based organ regeneration strategies using cell suspension transplantation supported by human platelet factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ebner-Peking
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Linda Krisch
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Wolf
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Hochmann
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anna Hoog
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Balázs Vári
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Muigg
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Russe
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Cell Therapy Institute, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), University Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen G, Guo Y, Li C, Li S, Wan X. Small Molecules that Promote Self-Renewal of Stem Cells and Somatic Cell Reprogramming. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:511-523. [PMID: 32185667 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ground state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is closely related to the development of regenerative medicine. Particularly, long-term culture of ESCs in vitro, maintenance of their undifferentiated state, self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation ability is the premise of ESCs mechanism and application research. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) reprogrammed from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells into cells with most of the ESC characteristics show promise towards solving ethical problems currently facing stem cell research. However, integration into chromosomal DNA through viral-mediated genes may activate proto oncogenes and lead to risk of cancer of iPSC. At the same time, iPS induction efficiency needs to be further improved to reduce the use of transcription factors. In this review, we discuss small molecules that promote self-renewal and reprogramming, including growth factor receptor inhibitors, GSK-3β and histone deacetylase inhibitors, metabolic regulators, pathway modulators as well as EMT/MET regulation inhibitors to enhance maintenance of ESCs and enable reprogramming. Additionally, we summarize the mechanism of action of small molecules on ESC self-renewal and iPSC reprogramming. Finally, we will report on the progress in identification of novel and potentially effective agents as well as selected strategies that show promise in regenerative medicine. On this basis, development of more small molecule combinations and efficient induction of chemically induced pluripotent stem cell (CiPSC) is vital for stem cell therapy. This will significantly improve research in pathogenesis, individualized drug screening, stem cell transplantation, tissue engineering and many other aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu'e Guo
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangdi Li
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mechanical and Immunological Regulation in Wound Healing and Skin Reconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115474. [PMID: 34067386 PMCID: PMC8197020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, a new frontier in scarless wound healing has arisen because of significant advances in the field of wound healing realised by incorporating emerging concepts from mechanobiology and immunology. The complete integumentary organ system (IOS) regeneration and scarless wound healing mechanism, which occurs in specific species, body sites and developmental stages, clearly shows that mechanical stress signals and immune responses play important roles in determining the wound healing mode. Advances in tissue engineering technology have led to the production of novel human skin equivalents and organoids that reproduce cell–cell interactions with tissue-scale tensional homeostasis, and enable us to evaluate skin tissue morphology, functionality, drug response and wound healing. This breakthrough in tissue engineering has the potential to accelerate the understanding of wound healing control mechanisms through complex mechanobiological and immunological interactions. In this review, we present an overview of recent studies of biomechanical and immunological wound healing and tissue remodelling mechanisms through comparisons of species- and developmental stage-dependent wound healing mechanisms. We also discuss the possibility of elucidating the control mechanism of wound healing involving mechanobiological and immunological interaction by using next-generation human skin equivalents.
Collapse
|
25
|
Žnidarič M, Žurga ŽM, Maver U. Design of In Vitro Hair Follicles for Different Applications in the Treatment of Alopecia-A Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040435. [PMID: 33923738 PMCID: PMC8072628 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The hair research field has seen great improvement in recent decades, with in vitro hair follicle (HF) models being extensively developed. However, due to the cellular complexity and number of various molecular interactions that must be coordinated, a fully functional in vitro model of HFs remains elusive. The most common bioengineering approach to grow HFs in vitro is to manipulate their features on cellular and molecular levels, with dermal papilla cells being the main focus. In this study, we focus on providing a better understanding of HFs in general and how they behave in vitro. The first part of the review presents skin morphology with an emphasis on HFs and hair loss. The remainder of the paper evaluates cells, materials, and methods of in vitro growth of HFs. Lastly, in vitro models and assays for evaluating the effects of active compounds on alopecia and hair growth are presented, with the final emphasis on applications of in vitro HFs in hair transplantation. Since the growth of in vitro HFs is a complicated procedure, there is still a great number of unanswered questions aimed at understanding the long-term cycling of HFs without losing inductivity. Incorporating other regions of HFs that lead to the successful formation of different hair classes remains a difficult challenge.
Collapse
|
26
|
Contessi Negrini N, Angelova Volponi A, Higgins C, Sharpe P, Celiz A. Scaffold-based developmental tissue engineering strategies for ectodermal organ regeneration. Mater Today Bio 2021; 10:100107. [PMID: 33889838 PMCID: PMC8050778 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) is a multidisciplinary research field aiming at the regeneration, restoration, or replacement of damaged tissues and organs. Classical TE approaches combine scaffolds, cells and soluble factors to fabricate constructs mimicking the native tissue to be regenerated. However, to date, limited success in clinical translations has been achieved by classical TE approaches, because of the lack of satisfactory biomorphological and biofunctional features of the obtained constructs. Developmental TE has emerged as a novel TE paradigm to obtain tissues and organs with correct biomorphology and biofunctionality by mimicking the morphogenetic processes leading to the tissue/organ generation in the embryo. Ectodermal appendages, for instance, develop in vivo by sequential interactions between epithelium and mesenchyme, in a process known as secondary induction. A fine artificial replication of these complex interactions can potentially lead to the fabrication of the tissues/organs to be regenerated. Successful developmental TE applications have been reported, in vitro and in vivo, for ectodermal appendages such as teeth, hair follicles and glands. Developmental TE strategies require an accurate selection of cell sources, scaffolds and cell culture configurations to allow for the correct replication of the in vivo morphogenetic cues. Herein, we describe and discuss the emergence of this TE paradigm by reviewing the achievements obtained so far in developmental TE 3D scaffolds for teeth, hair follicles, and salivary and lacrimal glands, with particular focus on the selection of biomaterials and cell culture configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Angelova Volponi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C.A. Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - P.T. Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A.D. Celiz
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ji S, Zhu Z, Sun X, Fu X. Functional hair follicle regeneration: an updated review. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:66. [PMID: 33594043 PMCID: PMC7886855 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The hair follicle (HF) is a highly conserved sensory organ associated with the immune response against pathogens, thermoregulation, sebum production, angiogenesis, neurogenesis and wound healing. Although recent advances in lineage-tracing techniques and the ability to profile gene expression in small populations of cells have increased the understanding of how stem cells operate during hair growth and regeneration, the construction of functional follicles with cycling activity is still a great challenge for the hair research field and for translational and clinical applications. Given that hair formation and cycling rely on tightly coordinated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, we thus review potential cell sources with HF-inducive capacities and summarize current bioengineering strategies for HF regeneration with functional restoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifei Ji
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziying Zhu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College; PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration; Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU051, Beijing, 100048 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Takeo M, Asakawa K, Toyoshima KE, Ogawa M, Tong J, Irié T, Yanagisawa M, Sato A, Tsuji T. Expansion and characterization of epithelial stem cells with potential for cyclical hair regeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1173. [PMID: 33568688 PMCID: PMC7876088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, organ induction occurs only during embryonic development except for hair follicles (HFs). However, HF-resident epithelial stem cells (HFSCs), which are responsible for repetitive HF regeneration, are not fully characterized. Here, we establish in vitro culture systems that are capable of controlling the ability of HFSCs to regenerate HFs. Based on a method that precisely controlled the number of HFs for regeneration, functional analysis revealed that CD34/CD49f/integrin β5 (Itgβ5)-triple-positive (CD34+/CD49f+/Itgβ5+) cells have multipotency and functional significance for continual hair regeneration. In native HFs, these cells reside in the uppermost area of the bulge region, which is surrounded by tenascin in mice and humans. This study unveils the subpopulation of HFSCs responsible for long-term hair cycling of HFs regenerated from bioengineered HF germ, suggesting the presence of functional heterogeneity among bulge HFSCs and the utility of our culture system to achieve HF regenerative therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Takeo
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Asakawa
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Koh-Ei Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, 101-0048, Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.,Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, 101-0048, Japan
| | - JingJing Tong
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Tarou Irié
- Division of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan
| | - Akio Sato
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB) and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan. .,Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, 101-0048, Japan. .,Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan. .,Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, 252-0375, Japan. .,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Naito C, Yamaguchi T, Katsumi H, Kimura S, Kamei S, Morishita M, Kawabata K, Yamamoto A. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Skin for Assessing Transdermal Drug Permeability and Irritancy. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:140-143. [PMID: 33390542 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To establish a system for assessing drug permeation and irritation of the skin, the permeation of benzoic acid and isosorbide dinitrate, which are listed in the Pharmacopoeia, and the chemical irritation were evaluated using skin generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Multilayer structures and cellular markers (keratin 14 and 10, which are in basal and suprabasal epidermal layers) were clearly detected in our iPSC-based skin. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) decreased after iPSC-derived keratinocytes were cultured on collagen gels from human primary fibroblasts. These results indicate that the barrier function was partly increased by formation of the living epidermis. The cumulative amount of benzoic acid and isosorbide dinitrate across human iPSC-based skin gradually increased after an initial lag time. Moreover, the irritancy of various chemicals (non-irritants: ultrapure water, allyl phenoxy-acetate, isopropanol, and hexyl salicylate and irritants: 5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), heptanal, potassium hydroxide (5% aq.) and cyclamen aldehyde) to iPSC-based skin was almost met the irritation criteria of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline. The results of our iPSC-based skin evaluation provide useful basic information for developing an assessment system to predict the permeation and safety of new transdermal drugs in human skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Naito
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoko Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | - Suyo Kimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Sachi Kamei
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tissue-scale tensional homeostasis in skin regulates structure and physiological function. Commun Biol 2020; 3:637. [PMID: 33127987 PMCID: PMC7603398 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensional homeostasis is crucial for organ and tissue development, including the establishment of morphological and functional properties. Skin plays essential roles in waterproofing, cushioning and protecting deeper tissues by forming internal tension-distribution patterns, which involves aligning various cells, appendages and extracellular matrices (ECMs). The balance of traction force is thought to contribute to the formation of strong and pliable physical structures that maintain their integrity and flexibility. Here, by using a human skin equivalent (HSE), the horizontal tension-force balance of the dermal layer was found to clearly improve HSE characteristics, such as the physical relationship between cells and the ECM. The tension also promoted skin homeostasis through the activation of mechano-sensitive molecules such as ROCK and MRTF-A, and these results compared favourably to what was observed in tension-released models. Tension-induced HSE will contribute to analyze skin physiological functions regulated by tensional homeostasis as an alternative animal model.
Collapse
|
31
|
Low ZWK, Li Z, Owh C, Chee PL, Ye E, Dan K, Chan SY, Young DJ, Loh XJ. Recent innovations in artificial skin. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:776-797. [PMID: 31820749 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The skin is a "smart", multifunctional organ that is protective, self-healing and capable of sensing and many forms of artificial skins have been developed with properties and functionalities approximating those of natural skin. Starting from specific commercial products for the treatment of burns, progress in two fields of research has since allowed these remarkable materials to be viable skin replacements for a wide range of dermatological conditions. This review maps out the development of bioengineered skin replacements and synthetic skin substitutes, including electronic skins. The specific behaviors of these skins are highlighted, and the performances of both types of artificial skins are evaluated against this. Moving beyond mere replication, highly advanced artificial skin materials are also identified as potential augmented skins that can be used as flexible electronics for health-care monitoring and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Kenny Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mascharak S, desJardins-Park HE, Longaker MT. Fibroblast Heterogeneity in Wound Healing: Hurdles to Clinical Translation. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1101-1106. [PMID: 32800679 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent work has revealed that fibroblasts are remarkably heterogeneous cells, but the appropriate lens through which to study this variation (lineage, phenotype, and plasticity) and its relevance to human biology remain unclear. In this opinion article, we comment on recent breakthroughs in our understanding of fibroblast heterogeneity during skin wound healing, and on open questions that must be addressed to clinically translate these findings in order to minimize scarring in patients. We emphasize the need for experimental models of wound healing that better approximate human biology, as well as comparison of scarring and regenerative phenotypes to uncover master regulators of fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shamik Mascharak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather E desJardins-Park
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
"Tissues in a Dish": A Review of Organoids in Plastic Surgery. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2020; 8:e2787. [PMID: 32440447 PMCID: PMC7209840 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000002787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are in vitro miniaturized organ models—or, colloquially, “organs in a dish.” These 3-dimensional, multicellular structures are classically derived from pluripotent or multipotent stem cells. When guided by tissue-specific molecular factors, these cells exhibit self-organizing abilities that allow them to accurately recapitulate the architecture and function of the organ of interest. Organoid technology is a rapidly expanding field that endows researchers with an unprecedented ability to recreate, study, and manipulate complex biologic processes in vitro. When compared with standard 2- and 3-dimensional culture systems, which rely on co-culturing pre-established cell types, organoids provide a more biomimetic model with which to study the intercellular interactions necessary for in vivo organ function and architecture. Organoids have the potential to impact all avenues of medicine, including those fields most relevant to plastic and reconstructive surgery such as wound healing, oncology, craniofacial reconstruction, and burn care. In addition to their ability to serve as a novel tool for studying human-specific disease, organoids may be used for tissue engineering with the goal of developing biomimetic soft-tissue substitutes, which would be especially valuable to the plastic surgeon. Although organoids hold great promise for the field of plastic surgery, technical challenges in creating vascularized, multilineage organoids must be overcome to allow for the integration of this technology in clinical practice. This review provides a brief history of the organoid, highlights its potential clinical applications, discusses certain limitations, and examines the impact that this technology may have on the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ikeda E, Ogawa M, Takeo M, Tsuji T. Functional ectodermal organ regeneration as the next generation of organ replacement therapy. Open Biol 2020; 9:190010. [PMID: 30836846 PMCID: PMC6451364 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this decade, substantial progress in the fields of developmental biology and stem cell biology has ushered in a new era for three-dimensional organ regenerative therapy. The emergence of novel three-dimensional cell manipulation technologies enables the effective mimicking of embryonic organ germ formation using the fate-determined organ-inductive potential of epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells. This advance shows great potential for the regeneration of functional organs with substitution of complete original function in situ. Organoids generated from multipotent stem cells or tissue stem cells via establishment of an organ-forming field can only partially recover original organ function owing to the size limitation; they are considered ‘mini-organs’. Nevertheless, they hold great promise to realize regenerative medicine. In particular, regeneration of a functional salivary gland and an integumentary organ system by orthotopic and heterotopic implantation of organoids clearly points to the future direction of organ regeneration research. In this review, we describe multiple strategies and recent progress in regenerating functional three-dimensional organs, focusing on ectodermal organs, and discuss their potential and future directions to achieve organ replacement therapy as a next-generation regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Ikeda
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan.,2 Organ Technologies Inc. , Tokyo 101-0048 , Japan
| | - Makoto Takeo
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- 1 Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research , Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 , Japan.,2 Organ Technologies Inc. , Tokyo 101-0048 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Low-abundance mutations in colorectal cancer patients and healthy adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:808-824. [PMID: 31927530 PMCID: PMC6977685 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Detecting low-abundance mutations is very important for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here we describe an improved targeted sequencing analysis that dramatically increases sequencing depth. Seven colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and seven healthy adults were enrolled in this study. We examined genetic mutations in tissue samples from the central and peripheral regions of tumors from the CRC patients and in blood cells from the healthy adults. We observed that each CRC carried larger numbers of mutations more than previously estimated. These included numerous deletion mutations in the tumor tissue. While the cellular morphology in the surrounding normal colonic tissues was healthy, these cells also carried many mutations. Similarly, the blood cells from the healthy donors carried numerous mutations. These findings shed new light on the processes of tumorigenesis and aging, and also present a potentially effective method for detecting low-abundance mutations for cancer diagnosis and targeted treatments.
Collapse
|
36
|
Castro AR, Logarinho E. Tissue engineering strategies for human hair follicle regeneration: How far from a hairy goal? Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 9:342-350. [PMID: 31876379 PMCID: PMC7031632 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for an efficient therapy for alopecia disease has fueled the hair research field in recent decades. However, despite significant improvements in the knowledge of key processes of hair follicle biology such as genesis and cycling, translation into hair follicle replacement therapies has not occurred. Great expectation has been recently put on hair follicle bioengineering, which is based on the development of fully functional hair follicles with cycling activity from an expanded population of hair‐inductive (trichogenic) cells. Most bioengineering approaches focus on in vitro reconstruction of folliculogenesis by manipulating key regulatory molecular/physical features of hair follicle growth/cycling in vivo. Despite their great potential, no cell‐based product is clinically available for hair regeneration therapy to date. This is mainly due to demanding issues that still hinder the functionality of cultured human hair cells. The present review comprehensively compares emergent strategies using different cell sources and tissue engineering approaches, aiming to successfully achieve a clinical cure for hair loss. The hurdles of these strategies are discussed, as well as the future directions to overcome the obstacles and fulfill the promise of a “hairy” feat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Castro
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável - Clínica de Microtransplante Capilar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elsa Logarinho
- Aging and Aneuploidy Group, IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Saúde Viável - Clínica de Microtransplante Capilar, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Naito C, Yamaguchi T, Katsumi H, Kimura S, Kamei S, Morishita M, Sakane T, Kawabata K, Yamamoto A. Utility of Three-Dimensional Skin From Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Tool to Evaluate Transdermal Drug Permeation. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:3524-3527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
38
|
Wang X. Stem cells in tissues, organoids, and cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4043-4070. [PMID: 31317205 PMCID: PMC6785598 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells give rise to all cells and build the tissue structures in our body, and heterogeneity and plasticity are the hallmarks of stem cells. Epigenetic modification, which is associated with niche signals, determines stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Stem cells play a critical role in the development of tumors and are capable of generating 3D organoids. Understanding the properties of stem cells will improve our capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dissecting epigenetic regulation could be helpful for achieving efficient cell reprograming and for developing new drugs for cancer treatment. Stem cell-derived organoids open up new avenues for modeling human diseases and for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, in addition to the achievements in stem cell research, many challenges still need to be overcome for stem cells to have versatile application in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Matei AE, Chen CW, Kiesewetter L, Györfi AH, Li YN, Trinh-Minh T, Xu X, Tran Manh C, van Kuppevelt T, Hansmann J, Jüngel A, Schett G, Groeber-Becker F, Distler JHW. Vascularised human skin equivalents as a novel in vitro model of skin fibrosis and platform for testing of antifibrotic drugs. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:1686-1692. [PMID: 31540936 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibrosis is a complex pathophysiological process involving interplay between multiple cell types. Experimental modelling of fibrosis is essential for the understanding of its pathogenesis and for testing of putative antifibrotic drugs. However, most current models employ either phylogenetically distant species or rely on human cells cultured in an artificial environment. Here we evaluated the potential of vascularised in vitro human skin equivalents as a novel model of skin fibrosis and a platform for the evaluation of antifibrotic drugs. METHODS Skin equivalents were assembled on a three-dimensional extracellular matrix by sequential seeding of endothelial cells, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Fibrotic transformation on exposure to transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and response to treatment with nintedanib as an established antifibrotic agent were evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), capillary Western immunoassay, immunostaining and histology. RESULTS Skin equivalents perfused at a physiological pressure formed a mature, polarised epidermis, a stratified dermis and a functional vessel system. Exposure of these models to TGFβ recapitulated key features of SSc skin with activation of TGFβ pathways, fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, increased release of collagen and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Treatment with the antifibrotic agent nintedanib ameliorated this fibrotic transformation. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence that vascularised skin equivalents can replicate key features of fibrotic skin and may serve as a platform for evaluation of antifibrotic drugs in a pathophysiologically relevant human setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Emil Matei
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kiesewetter
- Translational Center Würzburg, Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cuong Tran Manh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Toin van Kuppevelt
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Translational Center Würzburg, Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany.,University for Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Jüngel
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich/Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Groeber-Becker
- Translational Center Würzburg, Fraunhofer Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC), Würzburg, Germany.,Department for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Würzburg University Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rodimova SA, Meleshina AV, Kalabusheva EP, Dashinimaev EB, Reunov DG, Torgomyan HG, Vorotelyak EA, Zagaynova EV. Metabolic activity and intracellular pH in induced pluripotent stem cells differentiating in dermal and epidermal directions. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2019; 7:044002. [PMID: 31412329 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab3b3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are a promising tool for personalized cell therapy, in particular, in the field of dermatology. Metabolic plasticity of iPSC are not completely understood due to the fact that iPSC have a mixed mitochondrial phenotype, which still resembles that of somatic cells. In this study we investigated the metabolic changes in iPSC undergoing differentiation in two directions, dermal and epidermal, using two-photon fluorescence microscopy combined with FLIM. Directed differentiation of iPSC into dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte progenitor cells was induced. Cellular metabolism was examined on the basis of the fluorescence of the metabolic cofactors NAD(P)H and FAD. The optical redox ratio (FAD/NAD(P)H) and the fluorescence lifetimes of NAD(P)H and FAD were traced using two-photon fluorescence microscopy combined with FLIM. Evaluation of the intracellular pH was carried out with the fluorescent pH sensor SypHer-2 and fluorescence microscopy. In this study, evaluation of the metabolic status of iPSC during dermal and epidermal differentiation was accomplished for the first time with the use of optical metabolic imaging. Based on the data on the FAD/NAD(P)H redox ratio and on the fluorescence lifetimes of protein-bound form of NAD(P)H and closed form of FAD, we registered a metabolic shift toward a more oxidative status in the process of iPSC differentiation into dermal fibroblasts and keratinocyte progenitor cells. Biosynthetic processes occurring in dermal fibroblasts associated with the synthesis of fibronectin and versican, that stimulate increased energy metabolism and lower the intracellular pH. No intracellular pH shift is observed in the culture of keratinocyte progenitor cells, which reflects the incomplete process of differentiation in this type of cells. Presented results provide the basis for further understanding the metabolic features of iPSC during differentiation process, which is essential for developing new treatment strategies in cell therapy and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Rodimova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky sq., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Q, Qu J, Li Y, Ji D, Zhang H, Yin X, Wang J, Niu H. Hair follicle stem cells isolated from newborn Yangtze River Delta White Goats. Gene 2019; 698:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
42
|
Aguilar IN, Olivos DJ, Brinker A, Alvarez MB, Smith LJ, Chu TMG, Kacena MA, Wagner DR. Scaffold-free bioprinting of mesenchymal stem cells using the Regenova printer: Spheroid characterization and osteogenic differentiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 15. [PMID: 31457109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Limitations in scaffold material properties, such as sub-optimal degradation time, highlight the need for alternative approaches to engineer de novo tissues. One emerging solution for fabricating tissue constructs is scaffold-free tissue engineering. To facilitate this approach, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology (Regenova Bio 3D Printer) has been developed to construct complex geometric shapes from discrete cellular spheroids without exogenous scaffolds. Optimizing spheroid fabrication and characterizing cellular behavior in the spheroid environment are important first steps prior to printing larger constructs. Here, we characterized spheroids of immortalized mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that were differentiated to the osteogenic lineage. Immortalized BMSCs were seeded in low attachment 96-well plates in various numbers to generate self-aggregated spheroids either under the force of gravity or centrifugation. Cells were cultured in control or osteogenic media for up to 28 days. Spheroid diameter, roundness and smoothness were measured. Cell viability, DNA content and alkaline phosphatase activity were assessed at multiple time points. Additionally, expression of osteogenic markers was determined using real time qPCR. Spheroids formed under gravity with 20 K, 30 K and 40 K cells had average diameters of 498.5 ± 8.3 μm, 580.0 ± 32.9 μm and 639.2 ± 54.0 μm, respectively, while those formed under 300G centrifugation with the same numbers of cells had average diameters of 362.3 ± 3.5 μm, 433.1 ± 6.4 μm and 491.2 ± 8.0 μm. Spheroids formed via centrifugation were superior to those formed by gravity, as evidenced by better roundness and smoothness and double the retention of DNA (cellular) content. Cells in spheroids exhibited a robust osteogenic response to the differentiation medium, including higher mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, collagen type I, and osteocalcin than those cultured in control medium, as well as greater alkaline phosphatase activity. The optimal spheroid fabrication technique from this study was to aggregate 40K cells under 150-300G centrifugation. In future investigations, these spheroids will be 3D printed into larger tissue constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izath Nizeet Aguilar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David J Olivos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander Brinker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marta B Alvarez
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lester J Smith
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University of School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,3D Bioprinting Core, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tien-Min Gabriel Chu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47908, USA.,Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Diane R Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Toyoshima KE, Ogawa M, Tsuji T. Regeneration of a bioengineered 3D integumentary organ system from iPS cells. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1323-1338. [PMID: 30962607 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organ systems play essential roles in the physiological functions required for homeostasis. A 3D integumentary organ system (3D-IOS) comprises the skin and skin appendages such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands. This protocol describes how to induce the differentiation of murine induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into a 3D-IOS. First, iPS cells are grown for 7 d under conditions that encourage the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). The iPS cell-derived EBs are stimulated by Wnt10b one day before transplantation of multiple EBs in vivo (a method we describe as the clustering-dependent embryoid body (CDB) transplantation method). After a further 30 d, the transplanted EBs will have differentiated into a 3D-IOS containing mature hair follicles and sebaceous glands. These can be removed and transplanted into wounds in the skin of other mice. After transplantation of a 3D-IOS, the organ system shows full physiological function in vivo starting 14 d following transplant. Thus, this protocol enables a whole functional organ system to be generated from pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koh-Ei Toyoshima
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan.,Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Laboratory for Organ Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan. .,Organ Technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Weber EL, Woolley TE, Yeh CY, Ou KL, Maini PK, Chuong CM. Self-organizing hair peg-like structures from dissociated skin progenitor cells: New insights for human hair follicle organoid engineering and Turing patterning in an asymmetric morphogenetic field. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:355-366. [PMID: 30681746 PMCID: PMC6488368 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human skin progenitor cells will form new hair follicles, although at a low efficiency, when injected into nude mouse skin. To better study and improve upon this regenerative process, we developed an in vitro system to analyse the morphogenetic cell behaviour in detail and modulate physical-chemical parameters to more effectively generate hair primordia. In this three-dimensional culture, dissociated human neonatal foreskin keratinocytes self-assembled into a planar epidermal layer while fetal scalp dermal cells coalesced into stripes, then large clusters, and finally small clusters resembling dermal condensations. At sites of dermal clustering, subjacent epidermal cells protruded to form hair peg-like structures, molecularly resembling hair pegs within the sequence of follicular development. The hair peg-like structures emerged in a coordinated, formative wave, moving from periphery to centre, suggesting that the droplet culture constitutes a microcosm with an asymmetric morphogenetic field. In vivo, hair follicle populations also form in a progressive wave, implying the summation of local periodic patterning events with an asymmetric global influence. To further understand this global patterning process, we developed a mathematical simulation using Turing activator-inhibitor principles in an asymmetric morphogenetic field. Together, our culture system provides a suitable platform to (a) analyse the self-assembly behaviour of hair progenitor cells into periodically arranged hair primordia and (b) identify parameters that impact the formation of hair primordia in an asymmetric morphogenetic field. This understanding will enhance our future ability to successfully engineer human hair follicle organoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Weber
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas E. Woolley
- Cardiff School of Mathematics, Cardiff University, Senghennydd Road, Cardiff, CF24 4AG, UK
| | - Chao-Yuan Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kuang-Ling Ou
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philip K. Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Low ZWK, Li Z, Owh C, Chee PL, Ye E, Kai D, Yang DP, Loh XJ. Using Artificial Skin Devices as Skin Replacements: Insights into Superficial Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1805453. [PMID: 30690897 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201805453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Artificial skin devices are able to mimic the flexibility and sensory perception abilities of the skin. They have thus garnered attention in the biomedical field as potential skin replacements. This Review delves into issues pertaining to these skin-deep devices. It first elaborates on the roles that these devices have to fulfill as skin replacements, and identify strategies that are used to achieve such functionality. Following which, a comparison is done between the current state of these skin-deep devices and that of natural skin. Finally, an outlook on artificial skin devices is presented, which discusses how complementary technologies can create skin enhancements, and what challenges face such devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wei Kenny Low
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Pei Lin Chee
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dan Kai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Da-Peng Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ohyama M. Use of human intra-tissue stem/progenitor cells and induced pluripotent stem cells for hair follicle regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2019; 39:4. [PMID: 30834027 PMCID: PMC6388497 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-019-0093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hair follicle (HF) is a unique miniorgan, which self-renews for a lifetime. Stem cell populations of multiple lineages reside within human HF and enable its regeneration. In addition to resident HF stem/progenitor cells (HFSPCs), the cells with similar biological properties can be induced from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). As approaches to regenerate HF by combining HF-derived cells have been established in rodents and a huge demand exists to treat hair loss diseases, attempts have been made to bioengineer human HF using HFSPCs or hiPSCs. Main body of the abstract The aim of this review is to comprehensively summarize the strategies to regenerate human HF using HFSPCs or hiPSCs. HF morphogenesis and regeneration are enabled by well-orchestrated epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (EMIs). In rodents, various combinations of keratinocytes with mesenchymal (dermal) cells with trichogenic capacity, which were transplanted into in vivo environment, have successfully generated HF structures. The regeneration efficiency was higher, when epithelial or dermal HFSPCs were adopted. The success in HF formation most likely depended on high receptivity to trichogenic dermal signals and/or potent hair inductive capacity of HFSPCs. In theory, the use of epithelial HFSPCs in the bulge area and dermal papilla cells, their precursor cells in the dermal sheath, or trichogenic neonatal dermal cells should elicit intense EMI sufficient for HF formation. However, technical hurdles, represented by the limitation in starting materials and the loss of intrinsic properties during in vitro expansion, hamper the stable reconstitution of human HFs with this approach. Several strategies, including the amelioration of culture condition or compartmentalization of cells to strengthen EMI, can be conceived to overcome this obstacle. Obviously, use of hiPSCs can resolve the shortage of the materials once reliable protocols to induce wanted HFSPC subsets have been developed, which is in progress. Taking advantage of their pluripotency, hiPSCs may facilitate previously unthinkable approaches to regenerate human HFs, for instance, via bioengineering of 3D integumentary organ system, which can also be applied for the treatment of other diseases. Short conclusion Further development of methodologies to reproduce bona fide EMI in HF formation is indispensable. However, human HFSPCs and hiPSCs hold promise as materials for human HF regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kanitz A, Syed AP, Kaji K, Zavolan M. Conserved regulation of RNA processing in somatic cell reprogramming. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:100. [PMID: 30704403 PMCID: PMC6357513 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Along with the reorganization of epigenetic and transcriptional networks, somatic cell reprogramming brings about numerous changes at the level of RNA processing. These include the expression of specific transcript isoforms and 3' untranslated regions. A number of studies have uncovered RNA processing factors that modulate the efficiency of the reprogramming process. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the involvement of RNA processing factors in the reprogramming of somatic mammalian cells is lacking. RESULTS Here, we used data from a large number of studies carried out in three mammalian species, mouse, chimpanzee and human, to uncover consistent changes in gene expression upon reprogramming of somatic cells. We found that a core set of nine splicing factors have consistent changes across the majority of data sets in all three species. Most striking among these are ESRP1 and ESRP2, which accelerate and enhance the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming by promoting isoform expression changes associated with mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. We further identify genes and processes in which splicing changes are observed in both human and mouse. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a general resource for gene expression and splicing changes that take place during somatic cell reprogramming. Furthermore, they support the concept that splicing factors with evolutionarily conserved, cell type-specific expression can modulate the efficiency of the process by reinforcing intermediate states resembling the cell types in which these factors are normally expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kanitz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- RNA Regulatory Networks, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Afzal Pasha Syed
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- RNA Regulatory Networks, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Keisuke Kaji
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- RNA Regulatory Networks, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Abaci HE, Coffman A, Doucet Y, Chen J, Jacków J, Wang E, Guo Z, Shin JU, Jahoda CA, Christiano AM. Tissue engineering of human hair follicles using a biomimetic developmental approach. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5301. [PMID: 30546011 PMCID: PMC6294003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin constructs (HSCs) have the potential to provide an effective therapy for patients with significant skin injuries and to enable human-relevant drug screening for skin diseases; however, the incorporation of engineered skin appendages, such as hair follicles (HFs), into HSCs remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate a biomimetic approach for generation of human HFs within HSCs by recapitulating the physiological 3D organization of cells in the HF microenvironment using 3D-printed molds. Overexpression of Lef-1 in dermal papilla cells (DPC) restores the intact DPC transcriptional signature and significantly enhances the efficiency of HF differentiation in HSCs. Furthermore, vascularization of hair-bearing HSCs prior to engraftment allows for efficient human hair growth in immunodeficient mice. The ability to regenerate an entire HF from cultured human cells will have a transformative impact on the medical management of different types of alopecia, as well as chronic wounds, which represent major unmet medical needs. Human skin constructs hold potential for regenerative medicine, but the incorporation of hair follicles into such constructs is a challenge. Here, the authors use 3D printed molds to pattern hair follicle cell types in a physiological organization, and achieve human hair growth on the back of a mouse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Erbil Abaci
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Abigail Coffman
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yanne Doucet
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - James Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Joanna Jacków
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Etienne Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zongyou Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Colin A Jahoda
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Randall MJ, Jüngel A, Rimann M, Wuertz-Kozak K. Advances in the Biofabrication of 3D Skin in vitro: Healthy and Pathological Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:154. [PMID: 30430109 PMCID: PMC6220074 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture of skin has been present for almost a century. From using skin biopsies in organ culture, to vascularized organotypic full-thickness reconstructed human skin equivalents, in vitro tissue regeneration of 3D skin has reached a golden era. However, the reconstruction of 3D skin still has room to grow and develop. The need for reproducible methodology, physiological structures and tissue architecture, and perfusable vasculature are only recently becoming a reality, though the addition of more complex structures such as glands and tactile corpuscles require advanced technologies. In this review, we will discuss the current methodology for biofabrication of 3D skin models and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the existing systems as well as emphasize how new techniques can aid in the production of a truly physiologically relevant skin construct for preclinical innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Randall
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Astrid Jüngel
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Clinic of Rheumatology, Balgrist University Hospital, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rimann
- Competence Center TEDD, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland.,Center for Cell Biology & Tissue Engineering, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (AU), Munich, Germany.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|