1
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Lamont BB, He T, Cowling RM. Fossil pollen resolves origin of the South African Proteaceae as transcontinental not transoceanic. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:649-658. [PMID: 37076271 PMCID: PMC11082520 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prevailing view from the areocladogenesis of molecular phylogenies is that the iconic South African Cape Proteaceae (subfamily Proteoideae) arrived from Australia across the Indian Ocean during the Late Cretaceous (100-65 million years ago, Ma). Since fossil pollen indicates that the family probably arose in North-West Africa during the Early Cretaceous, an alternative view is that it migrated to the Cape from North-West-Central Africa. The plan therefore was to collate fossil pollen records throughout Africa to determine if they are consistent with an African (para-autochthonous) origin for the Cape Proteaceae, and to seek further support from other palaeo-disciplines. METHODS We used palynology (identity, date and location of records), molecular phylogeny and chronogram preparation, biogeography of plate tectonics, and palaeo-atmospheric and ocean circulation models. KEY RESULTS Our collation of the rich assemblage of Proteaceae palynomorphs stretching back to 107 Ma (Triorites africaensis) in North-West Africa showed its progressive overland migration to the Cape by 75-65 Ma. No key palynomorphs recorded in Australia-Antarctica have morphological affinities with African fossils but specific clade assignment of the pre-Miocene records is not currently possible. The Cape Proteaceae encompass three molecular-based clades (tribes) whose most recent apparent ancestors are sisters to those in Australia. However, our chronogram shows that the major Adenanthos/Leucadendron-related clade, originating 54-34 Ma, would have 'arrived' too late as species with Proteaceae affinities were already present ~20 million years earlier. The Franklandia/Protea-related clade arose 118-81 Ma so its distinctive pollen should have been the foundation for the scores of palynomorphs recorded at 100-80 Ma, but it was not. Also, the prevailing winds and ocean currents trended away from South Africa rather than towards, as the 'out-of-Australia' hypothesis requires. Based on the evidence assembled here, we list three points favouring an Australian origin and nine against; four points favouring an Antarctic origin and seven against; and nine points favouring a North-West-Central African origin and three against. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a gradual migration of the Proteaceae from North-West-Central Africa southeast→south→southwest to the Cape and its surroundings occurred via adaptation and speciation during the period 95-70 Ma. We caution that incorrect conclusions may be drawn from literal interpretations of molecular phylogenies that neglect the fossil record and do not recognize the possible confounding effects of selection under matched environments leading to parallel evolution and extinction of bona fide sister clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron B Lamont
- Ecology Section, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Tianhua He
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Richard M Cowling
- African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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2
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Sigvardt ZMS, Olesen J, Rogers DC, Timms B, Mlambo M, Rabet N, Palero F. Multilocus phylogenetics of smooth clam shrimps (Branchiopoda, Laevicaudata). ZOOL SCR 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jørgen Olesen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - D. Christopher Rogers
- Kansas Biological Survey, and The Natural History Museum (Biodiversity Institute) The University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA
| | - Brian Timms
- Australian Museum Sydney NSW Australia
- Australian Wetlands, Rivers and Landscape Centre School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington NSW Australia
| | - Musa Mlambo
- Department of Freshwater Invertebrates Albany Museum Makhanda (Grahamstown) South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Rhodes University Makhanda (Grahamstown) South Africa
| | - Nicolas Rabet
- Département des milieux et peuplements aquatiques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Université Pierre et Marie Curie Sorbonne Universités Paris France
| | - Ferran Palero
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology University of Valencia Paterna Spain
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
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3
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Thomas DB, Tennyson AJD, Scofield RP, Heath TA, Pett W, Ksepka DT. Ancient crested penguin constrains timing of recruitment into seabird hotspot. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201497. [PMID: 32781949 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New Zealand is a globally significant hotspot for seabird diversity, but the sparse fossil record for most seabird lineages has impeded our understanding of how and when this hotspot developed. Here, we describe multiple exceptionally well-preserved specimens of a new species of penguin from tightly dated (3.36-3.06 Ma) Pliocene deposits in New Zealand. Bayesian and parsimony analyses place Eudyptes atatu sp. nov. as the sister species to all extant and recently extinct members of the crested penguin genus Eudyptes. The new species has a markedly more slender upper beak and mandible compared with other Eudyptes penguins. Our combined evidence approach reveals that deep bills evolved in both crested and stiff-tailed penguins (Pygoscelis) during the Pliocene. That deep bills arose so late in the greater than 60 million year evolutionary history of penguins suggests that dietary shifts may have occurred as wind-driven Pliocene upwelling radically restructured southern ocean ecosystems. Ancestral area reconstructions using BioGeoBEARS identify New Zealand as the most likely ancestral area for total-group penguins, crown penguins and crested penguins. Our analyses provide a timeframe for recruitment of crown penguins into the New Zealand avifauna, indicating this process began in the late Neogene and was completed via multiple waves of colonizing lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Thomas
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
| | - Alan J D Tennyson
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - R Paul Scofield
- Canterbury Museum, Rolleston Avenue, Christchurch 8001, New Zealand
| | - Tracy A Heath
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Walker Pett
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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4
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Klages JP, Salzmann U, Bickert T, Hillenbrand CD, Gohl K, Kuhn G, Bohaty SM, Titschack J, Müller J, Frederichs T, Bauersachs T, Ehrmann W, van de Flierdt T, Pereira PS, Larter RD, Lohmann G, Niezgodzki I, Uenzelmann-Neben G, Zundel M, Spiegel C, Mark C, Chew D, Francis JE, Nehrke G, Schwarz F, Smith JA, Freudenthal T, Esper O, Pälike H, Ronge TA, Dziadek R. Temperate rainforests near the South Pole during peak Cretaceous warmth. Nature 2020; 580:81-86. [PMID: 32238944 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2148-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mid-Cretaceous period was one of the warmest intervals of the past 140 million years1-5, driven by atmospheric carbon dioxide levels of around 1,000 parts per million by volume6. In the near absence of proximal geological records from south of the Antarctic Circle, it is disputed whether polar ice could exist under such environmental conditions. Here we use a sedimentary sequence recovered from the West Antarctic shelf-the southernmost Cretaceous record reported so far-and show that a temperate lowland rainforest environment existed at a palaeolatitude of about 82° S during the Turonian-Santonian age (92 to 83 million years ago). This record contains an intact 3-metre-long network of in situ fossil roots embedded in a mudstone matrix containing diverse pollen and spores. A climate model simulation shows that the reconstructed temperate climate at this high latitude requires a combination of both atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations of 1,120-1,680 parts per million by volume and a vegetated land surface without major Antarctic glaciation, highlighting the important cooling effect exerted by ice albedo under high levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann P Klages
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Salzmann
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Torsten Bickert
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Karsten Gohl
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Gerhard Kuhn
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Steven M Bohaty
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Jürgen Titschack
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Marine Research Department, Senckenberg am Meer, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Juliane Müller
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany.,MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Frederichs
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Werner Ehrmann
- Institute for Geophysics and Geology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tina van de Flierdt
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patric Simões Pereira
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gerrit Lohmann
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany.,MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Igor Niezgodzki
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany.,ING PAN-Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Biogeosystem Modelling Laboratory, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Chris Mark
- Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Chew
- Department of Geology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Gernot Nehrke
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Florian Schwarz
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Tim Freudenthal
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Oliver Esper
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Heiko Pälike
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Faculty of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas A Ronge
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ricarda Dziadek
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
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5
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Gimmel ML, Szawaryn K, Cai C, Leschen RAB. Mesozoic sooty mould beetles as living relicts in New Zealand. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192176. [PMID: 31847777 PMCID: PMC6939926 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
New Zealand is an island continent that completed its split from the Gondwanan continent at 52 Ma, harbouring an iconic biota of tuatara, kiwi and weta. The sooty mould community is a distinctive trophic element of New Zealand forest ecosystems that is driven by plant-feeding sternorrhynchan Hemiptera. These produce honeydew, which supports fungal growth, which in turn supports numerous endemic invertebrates, including endemic New Zealand beetle families. Ancient New Zealand insect fossils are rare but a single fossil of a sooty mould cyclaxyrid was recently described from Cretaceous Burmese amber, a family that was previously known from two extant New Zealand species. Well-preserved fossils like this one are recasting Earth history, and, based on a wealth of additional specimens, we re-evaluate the taxonomy of Cretaceous cyclaxyrids and one Eocene species here transferred to Cyclaxyridae. Cyclaxyridae are highly tied to the sooty mould community and have now been discovered to occur in disparate biogeographic realms in deep time. Our discovery indicates that the family, and perhaps the sooty mould community in general, was widespread in Pangaea from at least the Cretaceous and survived as a relict in New Zealand. Persistence of a sooty mould ecosystem in New Zealand and fungal specialization may not necessarily be an evolutionary 'dead-end' for cyclaxyrids and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Gimmel
- Invertebrate Zoology Department, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 2559 Puesta del Sol Road, Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA
| | - Karol Szawaryn
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Chenyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, and Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Richard A. B. Leschen
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Zealand Arthropod Collection, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Barrabé L, Lavergne S, Karnadi-Abdelkader G, Drew BT, Birnbaum P, Gâteblé G. Changing Ecological Opportunities Facilitated the Explosive Diversification of New Caledonian Oxera (Lamiaceae). Syst Biol 2019; 68:460-481. [PMID: 30365031 PMCID: PMC6472440 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Phylogenies recurrently demonstrate that oceanic island systems have been home to rapid clade diversification and adaptive radiations. The existence of adaptive radiations posits a central role of natural selection causing ecological divergence and speciation, and some plant radiations have been highlighted as paradigmatic examples of such radiations. However, neutral processes may also drive speciation during clade radiations, with ecological divergence occurring following speciation. Here, we document an exceptionally rapid and unique radiation of Lamiaceae within the New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot. Specifically, we investigated various biological, ecological, and geographical drivers of species diversification within the genus Oxera. We found that Oxera underwent an initial process of rapid cladogenesis likely triggered by a dramatic period of aridity during the early Pliocene. This early diversification of Oxera was associated with an important phase of ecological diversification triggered by significant shifts of pollination syndromes, dispersal modes, and life forms. Finally, recent diversification of Oxera appears to have been further driven by the interplay of allopatry and habitat shifts likely related to climatic oscillations. This suggests that Oxera could be regarded as an adaptive radiation at an early evolutionary stage that has been obscured by more recent joint habitat diversification and neutral geographical processes. Diversification within Oxera has perhaps been triggered by varied ecological and biological drivers acting in a leapfrog pattern, but geographic processes may have been an equally important driver. We suspect that strictly adaptive radiations may be rare in plants and that most events of rapid clade diversification may have involved a mixture of geographical and ecological divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Barrabé
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia.,Endemia, Plant Red List Authority, 7 rue Pierre Artigue, Nouméa 98800, New Caledonia
| | - Sébastien Lavergne
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine, CNRS - Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR 5553, Grenoble F-38000, France
| | - Giliane Karnadi-Abdelkader
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia
| | - Bryan T Drew
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Philippe Birnbaum
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia.,UMR AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Montpellier 34398, France
| | - Gildas Gâteblé
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Equipes ARBOREAL and SOLVEG, BP 711, Mont-Dore 98810, New Caledonia
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7
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Heads M. Recent advances in New Caledonian biogeography. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:957-980. [PMID: 30523662 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biota of New Caledonia is one of the most unusual in the world. It displays high diversity and endemism, many peculiar absences, and far-flung biogeographic affinities. For example, New Caledonia is the only place on Earth with both main clades of flowering plants - the endemic Amborella and 'all the rest', and it also has the highest concentration of diversity in conifers. The discovery of Amborella's phylogenetic position led to a surge of interest in New Caledonian biogeography, and new studies are appearing at a rapid rate. This paper reviews work on the topic (mainly molecular studies) published since 2013. One current debate is focused on whether any biota survived the marine transgressions of the Paleocene and Eocene. Total submersion would imply that the entire fauna was derived by long-distance dispersal from continental areas since the Eocene, but only if no other islands (now submerged) were emergent. A review of the literature suggests there is little actual evidence in geology for complete submersion. An alternative explanation for New Caledonia's diversity is that the archipelago acted as a refugium, and that the biota avoided the extinctions that occurred in Australia. However, this is contradicted by the many groups that are anomalously absent or depauperate in New Caledonia, although represented there by a sister group. The anomalous absences, together with the unusual levels of endemism, can both be explained by vicariance at breaks in and around New Caledonia. New Caledonia has always been situated at or near a plate boundary, and its complex geological history includes the addition of new terranes (by accretion), orogeny, and rifting. New Caledonia comprises 'basement' terranes that were part of Gondwana, as well as island arc and forearc terranes that accreted to the basement after it separated from Gondwana. The regional tectonic history helps explain the regional biogeography, as well as distribution patterns within New Caledonia. These include endemics on the basement terranes (for example, the basal angiosperm, Amborella), disjunctions at the West Caledonian fault zone, and great biotic differences between Grande Terre and the Loyalty Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heads
- Buffalo Museum of Science, Buffalo, NY 14211-1293, U.S.A
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8
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Lamont BB, He T, Yan Z. Evolutionary history of fire‐stimulated resprouting, flowering, seed release and germination. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:903-928. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron B. Lamont
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - Tianhua He
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - Zhaogui Yan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
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9
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Pausas JG, Lamont BB, Paula S, Appezzato-da-Glória B, Fidelis A. Unearthing belowground bud banks in fire-prone ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:1435-1448. [PMID: 29334401 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-time awareness of the importance of the location of buds in plant biology, research on belowground bud banks has been scant. Terms such as lignotuber, xylopodium and sobole, all referring to belowground bud-bearing structures, are used inconsistently in the literature. Because soil efficiently insulates meristems from the heat of fire, concealing buds below ground provides fitness benefits in fire-prone ecosystems. Thus, in these ecosystems, there is a remarkable diversity of bud-bearing structures. There are at least six locations where belowground buds are stored: roots, root crown, rhizomes, woody burls, fleshy swellings and belowground caudexes. These support many morphologically distinct organs. Given their history and function, these organs may be divided into three groups: those that originated in the early history of plants and that currently are widespread (bud-bearing roots and root crowns); those that also originated early and have spread mainly among ferns and monocots (nonwoody rhizomes and a wide range of fleshy underground swellings); and those that originated later in history and are strictly tied to fire-prone ecosystems (woody rhizomes, lignotubers and xylopodia). Recognizing the diversity of belowground bud banks is the starting point for understanding the many evolutionary pathways available for responding to severe recurrent disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli G Pausas
- CIDE-CSIC, C. Naquera Km 4.5, Montcada, Valencia, 46113, Spain
| | - Byron B Lamont
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Susana Paula
- ICAEV, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Beatriz Appezzato-da-Glória
- Depto Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av Pádua Dias 11., CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Fidelis
- Instituto de Biociências, Vegetation Ecology Lab, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
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10
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Grandcolas P. Ten false ideas about New Caledonia biogeography. Cladistics 2017; 33:481-487. [PMID: 34724758 DOI: 10.1111/cla.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogeographical paradigm of New Caledonia has recently changed. Although this island is now considered by many as oceanic, its study is still often impeded by some old misconceptions concerning either regional geology or phylogenetic analysis of evolution and biogeography. I discuss ten points that I feel are especially detrimental, to help focus on the real debate and the real questions: (1) its geological history cannot be understood from the basement only; (2) the island submergence was not due simply to sea-level variation; (3) Zealandia/Tasmantis is not a lost continent; (4) short-distance dispersal is not equivalent to permanence on land; (5) long-distance dispersal is not the sole event opposing vicariance, but short-distance dispersal as well; (6) the occurrence of relicts does not prove biota permanence; (7) a major fault system was not observed in New Caledonia; (8) terranes are not rafts; (9) forest climatic refuges do not necessarily equate to centres of endemism or centres of diversity; and (10) New Caledonia is not only a sink but also a source. Study of New Caledonia will need to focus on old and non-relict clades and there is a need to improve the local fossil record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
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11
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Csuzdi C, Pearlson O, Pavlíček T. New Acanthodrilus species from New Caledonia (Clitellata, Megadrili, Acanthodrilidae). J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1355500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Csuzdi
- Department of Zoology, Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary
| | - Oren Pearlson
- School of Science and Technology, Tel Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Tomás Pavlíček
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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12
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Nattier R, Pellens R, Robillard T, Jourdan H, Legendre F, Caesar M, Nel A, Grandcolas P. Updating the Phylogenetic Dating of New Caledonian Biodiversity with a Meta-analysis of the Available Evidence. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3705. [PMID: 28623347 PMCID: PMC5473893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, New Caledonia was considered a continental island, a fragment of Gondwana harbouring old clades that originated by vicariance and so were thought to be locally ancient. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies dating diversification and geological data indicating important events of submergence during the Paleocene and Eocene (until 37 Ma) brought evidence to dismiss this old hypothesis. In spite of this, some authors still insist on the idea of a local permanence of a Gondwanan biota, justifying this assumption through a complex scenario of survival by hopping to and from nearby and now-vanished islands. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, we found 40 studies dating regional clades of diverse organisms and we used them to test the hypothesis that New Caledonian and inclusive Pacific island clades are older than 37 Ma. The results of this meta-analysis provide strong evidence for refuting the hypothesis of a Gondwanan refuge with a biota that originated by vicariance. Only a few inclusive Pacific clades (6 out of 40) were older than the oldest existing island. We suggest that these clades could have extinct members either on vanished islands or nearby continents, emphasizing the role of dispersal and extinction in shaping the present-day biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Nattier
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Roseli Pellens
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Tony Robillard
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Jourdan
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Univ., Univ. Avignon, CNRS, IRD, Centre IRD Nouméa, BP A5, 98848, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Frédéric Legendre
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Maram Caesar
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - André Nel
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grandcolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB - UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 50, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
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Toussaint EFA, Tänzler R, Balke M, Riedel A. Transoceanic origin of microendemic and flightless New Caledonian weevils. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:160546. [PMID: 28680653 PMCID: PMC5493895 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the astonishing New Caledonian biota continues to fuel a heated debate among advocates of a Gondwanan relict scenario and defenders of late oceanic dispersal. Here, we study the origin of New Caledonian Trigonopterus flightless weevils using a multimarker molecular phylogeny. We infer two independent clades of species found in the archipelago. Our dating estimates suggest a Late Miocene origin of both clades long after the re-emergence of New Caledonia about 37 Ma. The estimation of ancestral ranges supports an ancestral origin of the genus in a combined region encompassing Australia and New Guinea with subsequent colonizations of New Caledonia out of New Guinea in the mid-Miocene. The two New Caledonian lineages have had very different evolutionary trajectories. Colonizers belonging to a clade of foliage dwellers greatly diversified, whereas species inhabiting leaf-litter have been less successful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rene Tänzler
- SNSB-Zoological State Collection (ZSM), Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Balke
- SNSB-Zoological State Collection (ZSM), Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247 Munich, Germany
- GeoBioCenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Riedel
- Museum of Natural History Karlsruhe (SMNK), Erbprinzenstrasse 13, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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