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Gao J, Zhou J, Yuan M, Yu S, Ma W, Hu Z, Xiang H, Zhu M. A Flexible Long-Wave Infrared Radiation Modulator Integrated with Electrochromic Behavior for Dual-Band Camouflage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:30421-30429. [PMID: 38832560 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrochromic devices (ECDs), which are capable of modulating optical properties in the visible and long-wave infrared (LWIR) spectra under applied voltage, are of great significance for military camouflage. However, there are a few materials that can modulate dual frequency bands. In addition, the complex and specialized structural design of dual-band ECDs poses significant challenges. Here, we propose a novel approach for a bendable ECD capable of modulating LWIR radiation and displaying multiple colors. Notably, it eliminates the need for a porous electrode or a grid electrode, thereby improving both the response speed and fabrication feasibility. The device employs multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as both the transparent electrode and the LWIR modulator, polyaniline (PANI) as the electrochromic layer, and ionic liquids (HMIM[TFSI]) as the electrolyte. The ECD is able to reduce its infrared emissivity (Δε = 0.23) in a short time (resulting in a drop in infrared temperature from 50 to 44 °C) within a mere duration of 0.78 ± 0.07 s while changing its color from green to yellow within 3 s when a positive voltage of 4 V is applied. In addition, it exhibits excellent flexibility, even under bending conditions. This simplified structure provides opportunities for applications such as wearable adaptive camouflage and multispectral displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jialiang Zhou
- Jiangsu Gem Advanced Fiber Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nantong 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Senlong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Textile and Garment, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Huang J, Guo Y, Lei X, Chen B, Hao H, Luo J, Sun T, Jian M, Gao E, Wu X, Ma W, Shao Y, Zhang J. Fabricating Ultrastrong Carbon Nanotube Fibers via a Microwave Welding Interface. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14377-14387. [PMID: 38781118 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystal wet-spun carbon nanotube fibers (CNTFs) offer notable advantages, such as precise alignment and scalability. However, these CNTFs usually suffer premature failure through intertube slippage due to the weak interfacial interactions between adjacent shells and bundles. Herein, we present a microwave (MW) welding strategy to enhance intertube interactions by partially carbonizing interstitial heterocyclic aramid polymers. The resulting CNTFs exhibit ultrahigh static tensile strength (6.74 ± 0.34 GPa) and dynamic tensile strength (9.52 ± 1.31 GPa), outperforming other traditional high-performance fibers. This work provides a straightforward yet effective approach to strengthening CNTFs for advanced engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Yongzhe Guo
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xudong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Hao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Tongzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weigang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanlong Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
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Jiang Q, Wu Y, Wang F, Zhu P, Li R, Zhao Y, Huang Y, Wu X, Zhao S, Li Y, Wang B, Gao D, Zhang R. Floating Bimetallic Catalysts for Growing 30 cm-Long Carbon Nanotube Arrays with High Yields and Uniformity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402257. [PMID: 38831681 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultralong carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are considered as promising candidates for many cutting-edge applications. However, restricted by the extremely low yields of ultralong CNTs, their practical applications can hardly be realized. Therefore, new methodologies shall be developed to boost the growth efficiency of ultralong CNTs and alleviate their areal density decay at the macroscale level. Herein, a facile, universal, and controllable method for the in situ synthesis of floating bimetallic catalysts (FBCs) is proposed to grow ultralong CNT arrays with high yields and uniformity. Ferrocene and metal acetylacetonates serve as catalyst precursors, affording the successful synthesis of a series of FBCs with controllable compositions. Among these FBCs, the optimized FeCu catalyst increases the areal density of ultralong CNT arrays to a record-breaking value of ≈8100 CNTs mm-1 and exhibits a lifetime 3.40 times longer than that of Fe, thus achieving both high yields and uniformity. A 30-centimeters-long and high-density ultralong CNT array is also successfully grown with the assistance of FeCu catalysts. As evidenced by this kinetic model and molecular dynamics simulations, the introduction of Cu into Fe can simultaneously improve the catalyst fluidity and decrease carbon solubility, and an optimal catalytic performance will be achieved by balancing this tradeoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Run Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siming Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunrui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Baoshun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Di Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Yue Y, Zhang D, Wang P, Xia X, Wu X, Zhang Y, Mei J, Li S, Li M, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wei X, Liu H, Zhou W. Large-Area Flexible Carbon Nanofilms with Synergistically Enhanced Transmittance and Conductivity Prepared by Reorganizing Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313971. [PMID: 38573651 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Large-area flexible transparent conductive films (TCFs) are highly desired for future electronic devices. Nanocarbon TCFs are one of the most promising candidates, but some of their properties are mutually restricted. Here, a novel carbon nanotube network reorganization (CNNR) strategy, that is, the facet-driven CNNR (FD-CNNR) technique, is presented to overcome this intractable contradiction. The FD-CNNR technique introduces an interaction between single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and Cu─-O. Based on the unique FD-CNNR mechanism, large-area flexible reorganized carbon nanofilms (RNC-TCFs) are designed and fabricated with A3-size and even meter-length, including reorganized SWNT (RSWNT) films and graphene and RSWNT (G-RSWNT) hybrid films. Synergistic improvement in strength, transmittance, and conductivity of flexible RNC-TCFs is achieved. The G-RSWNT TCF shows sheet resistance as low as 69 Ω sq-1 at 86% transmittance, FOM value of 35, and Young's modulus of ≈45 MPa. The high strength enables RNC-TCFs to be freestanding on water and easily transferred to any target substrate without contamination. A4-size flexible smart window is fabricated, which manifests controllable dimming and fog removal. The FD-CNNR technique can be extended to large-area or even large-scale fabrication of TCFs and can provide new insights into the design of TCFs and other functional films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaogang Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuejuan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure Research, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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5
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Hedman D, McLean B, Bichara C, Maruyama S, Larsson JA, Ding F. Dynamics of growing carbon nanotube interfaces probed by machine learning-enabled molecular simulations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4076. [PMID: 38744824 PMCID: PMC11094095 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), hollow cylinders of carbon, hold great promise for advanced technologies, provided their structure remains uniform throughout their length. Their growth takes place at high temperatures across a tube-catalyst interface. Structural defects formed during growth alter CNT properties. These defects are believed to form and heal at the tube-catalyst interface but an understanding of these mechanisms at the atomic-level is lacking. Here we present DeepCNT-22, a machine learning force field (MLFF) to drive molecular dynamics simulations through which we unveil the mechanisms of CNT formation, from nucleation to growth including defect formation and healing. We find the tube-catalyst interface to be highly dynamic, with large fluctuations in the chiral structure of the CNT-edge. This does not support continuous spiral growth as a general mechanism, instead, at these growth conditions, the growing tube edge exhibits significant configurational entropy. We demonstrate that defects form stochastically at the tube-catalyst interface, but under low growth rates and high temperatures, these heal before becoming incorporated in the tube wall, allowing CNTs to grow defect-free to seemingly unlimited lengths. These insights, not readily available through experiments, demonstrate the remarkable power of MLFF-driven simulations and fill long-standing gaps in our understanding of CNT growth mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hedman
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ben McLean
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | | | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - J Andreas Larsson
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, 971 87, Sweden.
| | - Feng Ding
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Chen Z, Yang S, Huang J, Gu Y, Huang W, Liu S, Lin Z, Zeng Z, Hu Y, Chen Z, Yang B, Gui X. Flexible, Transparent and Conductive Metal Mesh Films with Ultra-High FoM for Stretchable Heating and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:92. [PMID: 38252258 PMCID: PMC10803711 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing demand for transparent conductive films in smart and wearable electronics for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, achieving a flexible EMI shielding film, while maintaining a high transmittance remains a significant challenge. Herein, a flexible, transparent, and conductive copper (Cu) metal mesh film for EMI shielding is fabricated by self-forming crackle template method and electroplating technique. The Cu mesh film shows an ultra-low sheet resistance (0.18 Ω □-1), high transmittance (85.8%@550 nm), and ultra-high figure of merit (> 13,000). It also has satisfactory stretchability and mechanical stability, with a resistance increases of only 1.3% after 1,000 bending cycles. As a stretchable heater (ε > 30%), the saturation temperature of the film can reach over 110 °C within 60 s at 1.00 V applied voltage. Moreover, the metal mesh film exhibits outstanding average EMI shielding effectiveness of 40.4 dB in the X-band at the thickness of 2.5 μm. As a demonstration, it is used as a transparent window for shielding the wireless communication electromagnetic waves. Therefore, the flexible and transparent conductive Cu mesh film proposed in this work provides a promising candidate for the next-generation EMI shielding applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaodian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yougen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials for High Density Electronic Packing, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Boru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuchun Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Nawarathne CP, Aranda DG, Hoque A, Dangel GR, Seminario JM, Alvarez NT. Creating covalent bonds between Cu and C at the interface of metal/open-ended carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:428-442. [PMID: 38235085 PMCID: PMC10791115 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The unique electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are highly desired in many technological applications. Unfortunately, in practice, the electrical conductivity of most CNTs and their assemblies has fallen short of expectations. One reason for this poor performance is that electrical resistance develops at the interface between carbon nanomaterials and metal surfaces when traditional metal-metal type contacts are employed. Here, a method for overcoming this resistance using covalent bond formation between open-ended CNTs and Cu surfaces is investigated experimentally and supported by theoretical calculations. The open-ended CNTs are vertically oriented compared to the substrate and have carboxylic functional groups that react with aminophenyl groups (linkers) grafted on metal surfaces. The covalent bond formation, crosslinking carboxylic and amine, via amide bond formation occurs at 120 °C. The covalent bonding nature of the aminophenyl linker is demonstrated theoretically using (100), (110), and (111) Cu surfaces, and bridge-like bond formation between carbon and two adjacent Cu atoms is revealed. The electrical conductivity calculated for a single intramolecular-type junction supports covalent bond formation between Cu and CNTs. Experimentally, the robustness of the covalent bonding between vertically oriented CNTs is tested by exposing CNTs on Cu to sonication, which reveals that CNTs remain fixed to the Cu supports. Since bonding CNTs to metals was performed at low temperatures, the reported method of covalent bond formation is expected to facilitate the application of CNTs in multiple fields, including electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Galvez Aranda
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Abdul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Gabrielle R Dangel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
| | - Jorge M Seminario
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Noe T Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 USA
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8
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Liu Y, Zhao Z, Kang L, Qiu S, Li Q. Molecular Doping Modulation and Applications of Structure-Sorted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304075. [PMID: 37675833 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) that have a reproducible distribution of chiralities or single chirality are among the most competitive materials for realizing post-silicon electronics. Molecular doping, with its non-destructive and fine-tunable characteristics, is emerging as the primary doping approach for the structure-controlled SWCNTs, enabling their eventual use in various functional devices. This review provides an overview of important advances in the area of molecular doping of structure-controlled SWCNTs and their applications. The first part introduces the underlying physical process of molecular doping, followed by a comprehensive survey of the commonly used dopants for SWCNTs to date. Then, it highlights how the convergence of molecular doping and structure-sorting strategies leads to significantly improved functionality of SWCNT-based field-effect transistor arrays, transparent electrodes in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and many emerging devices. At last, several challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed, with the hope of shedding light on promoting the practical application of SWCNTs in future electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lixing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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9
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Rani A, Ren W, Lee HJ, Hong SH, Kim TG. Synthesis, Properties, and Application of Ultrathin and Flexible Tellurium Nanorope Films: Beyond Conventional 2D Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2300557. [PMID: 37641190 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials that can be easily processed into thin films are highly desirable for their wide range of applicability in electrical and optical devices. Currently, Te-based 2D materials are of interest because of their superior electrical properties compared to transition metal dichalcogenide materials. However, the large-scale manufacturing of these materials is challenging, impeding their commercialization. This paper reports on ultrathin, large-scale, and highly flexible Te and Te-metal nanorope films grown via low-power radiofrequency sputtering for a short period at 25 °C. Additionally, the feasibility of such films as transistor channels and flexible transparent conductive electrodes is discussed. A 20 nm thick Te-Ni-nanorope-channel-based transistor exhibits a high mobility (≈450 cm2 V-1 s-1 ) and on/off ratio (105 ), while 7 nm thick Te-W nanorope electrodes exhibit an extremely low haze (1.7%) and sheet resistance (30 Ω sq-1 ), and high transmittance (86.4%), work function (≈4.9 eV), and flexibility. Blue organic light-emitting diodes with 7 nm Te-W anodes exhibit significantly higher external quantum efficiencies (15.7%), lower turn-on voltages (3.2 V), and higher and more uniform viewing angles than indium-tin-oxide-based devices. The excellent mechanical flexibility and easy coating capability offered by Te nanoropes demonstrate their superiority over conventional nanomaterials and provide an effective outlet for multifunctional devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Rani
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanqi Ren
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Hong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02842, Republic of Korea
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10
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Jin Q, Zhao Y, Long X, Jiang S, Qian C, Ding F, Wang Z, Li X, Yu Z, He J, Song Y, Yu H, Wan Y, Tai K, Gao N, Tan J, Liu C, Cheng HM. Flexible Carbon Nanotube-Epitaxially Grown Nanocrystals for Micro-Thermoelectric Modules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304751. [PMID: 37533116 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric materials have attracted increasing interest because of their potential use in thermal energy harvesting and high-spatial-resolution thermal management. However, a high-performance flexible micro-thermoelectric device (TED) compatible with the microelectronics fabrication process has not yet been developed. Here a universal epitaxial growth strategy is reported guided by 1D van der Waals-coupling, to fabricate freestanding and flexible hybrids comprised of single-wall carbon nanotubes and ordered (Bi,Sb)2 Te3 nanocrystals. High power factors ranging from ≈1680 to ≈1020 µW m-1 K-2 in the temperature range of 300-480 K, combined with a low thermal conductivity yield a high average figure of merit of ≈0.81. The fabricated flexible micro-TED module consisting of two p-n couples of freestanding thermoelectric hybrids has an unprecedented open circuit voltage of ≈22.7 mV and a power density of ≈0.36 W cm-2 under ≈30 K temperature difference, and a net cooling temperature of ≈22.4 K and a heat absorption density of ≈92.5 W cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Jin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xuehao Long
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412000, China
| | - Song Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Juan He
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yujie Song
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ye Wan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Kaiping Tai
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Advanced Manufacturing Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Advanced Manufacturing Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, China
- Foshan Univerisity, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Zhang D, Du J, Zhang W, Tong B, Sun Y, Zhao TY, Ma LP, Sun DM, Cheng HM, Ren W. Carrier Transport Regulation of Pixel Graphene Transparent Electrodes for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302920. [PMID: 37267934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Integrating a graphene transparent electrode (TE) matrix with driving circuits is essential for the practical use of graphene in optoelectronics such as active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, however it is disabled by the transport of carriers between graphene pixels after deposition of a semiconductor functional layer caused by the atomic thickness of graphene. Here, the carrier transport regulation of a graphene TE matrix by using an insulating polyethyleneimine (PEIE) layer is reported. The PEIE forms an ultrathin uniform film (≤10 nm) to fill the gap of the graphene matrix, blocking horizontal electron transport between graphene pixels. Meanwhile, it can reduce the work function of graphene, improving the vertical electron injection through electron tunneling. This enables the fabrication of inverted OLED pixels with record high current and power efficiencies of 90.7 cd A-1 and 89.1 lm W-1 , respectively. By integrating these inverted OLED pixels with a carbon nanotube-based thin-film transistor (CNT-TFT)-driven circuit, an inch-size flexible active-matrix OLED display is demonstrated, in which all OLED pixels are independently controlled by CNT-TFTs. This research paves a way for the application of graphene-like atomically thin TE pixels in flexible optoelectronics such as displays, smart wearables, and free-form surface lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Peng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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12
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Fan Q, Fan H, Li K, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Stretchable, Electrochemically-Stable Electrochromic Devices Based on Semi-Embedded Ag@Au Nanowire Network. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208234. [PMID: 36866459 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electrochromic (EC) devices that can adapt the irregular and dynamic human surfaces show promising applications in wearable display, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation. However, challenges exist in lacking transparent conductive electrodes with both tensile and electrochemical stability to assemble the complex device structure and endure harsh electrochemical redox reactions. Herein, a wrinkled, semi-embedded Ag@Au nanowire (NW) networks are constructed on elastomer substrates to fabricate stretchable, electrochemically-stable conductive electrodes. The stretchable EC devices are then fabricated by sandwiching a viologen-based gel electrolyte between two conductive electrodes with the semi-embedded Ag@Au NW network. Because the inert Au layer inhibits the oxidation of Ag NWs, the EC device exhibits much more stable color changes between yellow and green than those with pure Ag NW networks. In addition, since the wrinkled semi-embedded structure is deformable and reversibly stretched without serious fractures, the EC devices still maintain excellent color-changing stability under 40% stretching/releasing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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13
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Hu XG, Zhao YM, Yang H, Hou PX, Liu C, Chang J, Hao Y. Interfacial Chemical Bridging Constructed by Multifunctional Lewis Acid for Carbon Nanotube/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 17.7. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206989. [PMID: 36815396 PMCID: PMC10161097 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotube/silicon (SWCNT/Si) heterojunction shows appealing potential for use in photovoltaic devices. However, the relatively low conductivity of SWCNT network and interfacial recombination of carriers have limited their photovoltaic performance. Herein, a multifunctional Lewis acid (p-toluenesulfonic acid, TsOH) is used to significantly reduce the energy loss in SWCNT/Si solar cells. Owing to the charge transfer doping effect of TsOH, the conductivity and work function of SWCNT films are optimized and tuned. More importantly, a chemical bridge is constructed at the interface of SWCNT/Si heterojunction. Experimental studies indicate that the phenyl group of TsOH can interact with SWCNTs through π-π interaction, meanwhile, the oxygen in the sulfonic functional group of the TsOH molecule can graft on the dangling bonds of the Si surface. The chemical bridge structure effectively suppresses the recombination of photogenerated carriers. The TsOH coating also works as an antireflection layer, leading to a 19% increment of the photocurrent. As a result, a champion power conversion efficiency of 17.7% is achieved for the TsOH-SWCNT/Si device, and it also exhibits an excellent stability, retaining more than 96% of the initial efficiency in the ambient air after 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Gang Hu
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yue Hao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
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14
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Lin D, Futaba DN, Kobashi K, Zhang M, Muroga S, Chen G, Tsuji T, Hata K. A Microwave-Assisted, Solvent-Free Approach for the Versatile Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3976-3983. [PMID: 36752763 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While the functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has attracted extensive interest for a wide range of applications, a facial and versatile strategy remains in demand. Here, we report a microwave-assisted, solvent-free approach to directly functionalize CNTs both in raw form and in arbitrary macroscopic assemblies. Rapid microwave irradiation was applied to generate active sites on the CNTs while not inducing excessive damage to the graphitic network, and a gas-phase deposition afforded controllable grafting for thorough or regioselective functionalization. Using methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a model functional group and a CNT sponge as a model assembly, homogeneous grafting was exhibited by the increased robust hydrophobicity (contact angle increase from 30 to 140°) and improved structural stability (compressive modulus increased by 135%). Therefore, when our MMA-functionalized CNTs served as a solar absorber for saline distillation, high operating stability with a superior water evaporation rate of ∼2.6 kg m-2 h-1 was observed. Finally, to highlight the efficacy and versatility of this functionalization approach, we fabricated asymmetrically hydrophobic CNT sponges by regioselective functionalization to serve as a moisture-driven generator, which demonstrated a stable open-circuit voltage of 0.6 mV. This versatile, solvent-free approach can complement conventional solution-based techniques in the design and fabrication of multifunctional nanocarbon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Lin
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Don N Futaba
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kobashi
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shun Muroga
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Guohai Chen
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuji
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Hata
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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15
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Yu C, Zhang L, Zhou G, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Wu A, Hou P, Cheng H, Liu C. Defect-Induced Efficient Heteroepitaxial Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes @ Hexagonal Boron Nitride Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1864. [PMID: 36902984 PMCID: PMC10004222 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube-based derivatives have attracted considerable research interest due to their unique structure and fascinating physicochemical properties. However, the controlled growth mechanism of these derivatives remains unclear, and the synthesis efficiency is low. Herein, we proposed a defect-induced strategy for the efficient heteroepitaxial growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)@hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films. Air plasma treatment was first performed to generate defects on the wall of SWCNTs. Then, atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition was conducted to grow h-BN on the surface of SWCNTs. Controlled experiments combined with first-principles calculations revealed that the induced defects on the wall of SWCNTs function as nucleation sites for the efficient heteroepitaxial growth of h-BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changping Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Shi-changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zichu Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Anping Wu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pengxiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huiming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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16
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Xing Y, Wan Y, Wu Z, Wang J, Jiao S, Liu L. Multilayer Ultrathin MXene@AgNW@MoS 2 Composite Film for High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Shielding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5787-5797. [PMID: 36669167 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Structure and material composition is crucial in realizing high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE). Herein, an ultrathin MXene@AgNW@MoS2 (MAM) composite film that resembles the structure of a pork belly and exhibits superior EMI shielding performance was fabricated via the vacuum-assisted suction filtration process and atomic layer deposition (ALD). The staggered AgNWs form skeletons and intersperse in MXene sheets to build a doped layer with three-dimensional network structures, which improves the electrical conductivity of the film. Based on the optimal dispersion concentration of Ag in doped and single layers, the MXene/AgNW doped layer and AgNW single layer are alternately vacuum-assisted-filtered to obtain laminated structures with multiple heterogeneous interfaces. These interfaces generate interface polarization and increase multiple reflection and scattering, resulting in the increased electromagnetic (EM) wave losses. On the other hand, MoS2 outer nanolayers fabricated precisely by ALD effectively increases the absorption proportion of electromagnetic waves, reduces the secondary reflection, and improves the stability of EMI shielding properties. Ultimately, an ultrathin MAM film (a thickness of 0.03 mm) with five alternating internal layers and MoS2 outer layers exhibits an excellent EMI SE of 86.3 dB in the X-band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youqiang Xing
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of New Light Sources Technology and Equipment of MOE, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yizhi Wan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Ze Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jianqiao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Songlong Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing211189, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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17
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Jiang Q, Wang F, Li R, Li B, Wei N, Gao N, Xu H, Zhao S, Huang Y, Wang B, Zhang W, Wu X, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Shi E, Zhang R. Synthesis of Ultralong Carbon Nanotubes with Ultrahigh Yields. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:523-532. [PMID: 36622363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ultralong carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are in huge demand in many cutting-edge fields due to their macroscale lengths, perfect structures, and extraordinary properties, while their practical application is limited by the difficulties in their mass production. Herein, we report the synthesis of ultralong CNTs with a dramatically increased yield by a simple but efficient substrate interception and direction strategy (SIDS), which couples the advantages of floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition with the flying-kite-like growth mechanism of ultralong CNTs. The SIDS-assisted approach prominently improves the catalyst utilization and significantly increases the yield. The areal density of the ultralong CNT arrays with length of over 1 cm reached a record-breaking value of ∼6700 CNTs mm-1, which is 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the previously reported values obtained by traditional methods. The SIDS provides a solution for synthesizing high-quality ultralong CNTs with high yields, laying the foundation for their mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Baini Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wei
- Research Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningfei Gao
- Beijing HuaTanYuanXin Electronics Technology Ltd. Co., Beijing 101399, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Beijing HuaTanYuanXin Electronics Technology Ltd. Co., Beijing 101399, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Institute of Carbon-based Integrated Circuits, Beijing 100195, People's Republic of China
| | - Siming Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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18
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Jiao X, Shi C, Zhao Y, Xu L, Liu S, Hou PX, Liu C, Cheng HM. Efficient Fabrication of High-Quality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Macroscopic Conductive Fibers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20263-20271. [PMID: 36475640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-purity and well-graphitized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with excellent physiochemical properties are ideal building blocks for the assembly of various CNT macrostructures for a wide range of applications. We report the preparation of high-quality SWCNTs on a large scale using a floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) method. Under the optimum conditions, the conversion rate of the carbon source to SWCNTs reached 28.8%, and 20.4% of the metal nanoparticles were active for SWCNT growth, which are 15% and ∼400 times higher than those previously reported for FCCVD synthesis, respectively. As a result, the prepared SWCNTs have a very low residual catalyst content of ∼1.9 wt % and a high rapid oxidation temperature of 717 °C. Using these high-quality SWCNTs, we spun macroscopic SWCNT fibers by a wet-spinning process. The resulting fibers had a high electrical conductivity of 6.67 MS/m, which is 32% higher than the best value previously reported for SWCNT fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Jiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaokang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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19
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Qian PF, Wang JQ, Wang T, Huai X, Geng WH, Zhu Q, Tian Y, Jing LC, Bao ZL, Geng HZ. Embedded ultra-high stability flexible transparent conductive films based on exfoliated graphene-silver nanowires-colorless polyimide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:105203. [PMID: 36562516 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive films with high stability were prepared by embedding silver nanowires in colorless polyimide and adding a protective layer of exfoliated graphene. The films exhibit great light transmission and conductivity with a sheet resistance of 22 Ω sq-1at transmittance of 83%. Due to its special embedded structure, the conductive layer can withstand several peeling experiments without falling off. In addition, the most outstanding advantage is the ultra-high stability of the films, including high mechanical robustness, strong chemical corrosion resistance and high operating voltage capacity. The organic light-emitting diode devices prepared based on this transparent conductive electrode exhibit comparable efficiency to indium tin oxide (ITO) based devices, withC.E.max= 2.78 cd A-1,P-1.E.max= 1.89 lm W-1,EQEmax= 0.89%. Moreover, the efficiencies were even higher than that of ITO devices when the operating voltage of the device exceeds 5 V. The above performances show that the transparent conductive electrode based on this structure has high potential for application in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Qi Wang
- TCL China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518132, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Zhongyuan Corporation, Zhengzhou 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuguo Huai
- Center for Engineering Internship and Training, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Geng
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300382, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiangxia Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Long Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhang J, Shangguan S, Wang X, Deng H, Qi D, Chen S, Zheng H. Spatially modulated femtosecond laser direct ablation-based preparation of ultra-flexible multifunctional copper mesh electrodes and its application. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39996-40008. [PMID: 36298940 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional electrodes possess superior properties such as high photoelectric properties and high stability. Laser manufacturing process is one of the widely used method for electrode fabrication. However, the current multifunctional electrode laser manufacturing process suffers from low fabrication speed. Here, we report a high-efficiency laser digital patterning process to fabricate copper-based flexible transparent conducting electrodes. By using a spatially modulated, one single laser spot is modulated into an array of spots with equal intensity, and the fabrication speed can be improved by more than 20 times over the traditional single pulse processing. In addition, copper mesh electrodes with a high photoelectric property have been fabricated. A transparent touch screen panel and multifunctional windows are fabricated with transparent electrodes to demonstrate their use in vehicle defogging, portable heating, and wearable devices.
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21
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Li D, Pan Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Zhang F. Study on Ultrathin Silver Film Transparent Electrodes Based on Aluminum Seed Layers with Different Structures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193540. [PMID: 36234666 PMCID: PMC9565528 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ag has the lowest electrical resistivity among all metals, and at the same time, the best optical properties in the visible and near-IR spectral range; it is therefore the most widely employed material for thin-metal-film-based transparent conductors. In this work, an ultra-thin transparent silver film electrode with aluminum as seed layer was prepared by a resistive thermal evaporation technique. Using a range of electrical, optical and surface morphology techniques, it can be noted that the presence of the thin layer of aluminum changes the growth kinetics (nucleation and evolution) of the thermal evaporation of Ag, leading to silver films with smooth surface morphology and high electrical conductivity, and the threshold thickness of the silver film is reduced. It is inferred that the aluminum layer showed a good infiltration effect on the ultra-thin silver film, by analyzing the transmittance spectrum, sheet resistance and surface morphology. Moreover, the average transmittance of silver film with 10 nm is 40% in the 400-2500 nm band, whereas the sheet resistance is 13 Ωsq -1. A series of experiments show that the introduction of Al seed layer has certain effect on improving the properties of transparent conductive silver films. Then, a new method for deposition of 1 nm Al seed layer was proposed; that is, the 1 nm aluminum infiltrated layer is divided into two or more layers, and the average transmittance of silver film with 5 nm is 60% in the 400-2500 nm band, whereas the sheet resistance does not exceed 100 Ω sq-1.
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22
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Guo SY, Hou PX, Zhang F, Liu C, Cheng HM. Gas Sensors Based on Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175381. [PMID: 36080149 PMCID: PMC9458085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have a high aspect ratio, large surface area, good stability and unique metallic or semiconducting electrical conductivity, they are therefore considered a promising candidate for the fabrication of flexible gas sensors that are expected to be used in the Internet of Things and various portable and wearable electronics. In this review, we first introduce the sensing mechanism of SWCNTs and the typical structure and key parameters of SWCNT-based gas sensors. We then summarize research progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of SWCNT-based gas sensors. Finally, the principles and possible approaches to further improving the performance of SWCNT-based gas sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (P.-X.H.); (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Correspondence: (P.-X.H.); (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Correspondence: (P.-X.H.); (C.L.); (H.-M.C.)
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23
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Wang Y, Wang T, Zhang H, Liu D, Qian J, Du R, Xu H, Zhang S, Yang Z, Zhao Q, Hu Y, Huang S. Selected-Area Fabrication of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Schottky Junction with Tunable Gate Rectification. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7541-7546. [PMID: 35947432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)-based devices are expected to play an important role in the next generation of electronic integrated circuits. As an important structural unit for SWNT-based electronics, the Schottky junction has a series of functions such as rectification, photoelectric detection, switching, etc. Here, we demonstrate a well-controlled localized radical reaction method to prepare an intramolecular SWNT Schottky junction with a closed edge. This junction exhibits strong gate-dependent rectifying behavior and a high rectification ratio of 962. Furthermore, the semiconducting part on the junction side could be effectively tuned from p-type doping to n-type doping, resulting in reversible rectifying behavior. Our work paves a new avenue for the design and synthesis of an SWNT Schottky junction, which is very important to future applications for carbon-based nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Taibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Dayan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Ran Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, P. R. China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 132012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
| | - Shaoming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Materials and Energy Storage Devices, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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24
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Chen X, Liu Y, Liu X, Lu C. Nanoparticle-based single molecule fluorescent probes. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1808-1821. [PMID: 35982510 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Single molecule fluorescent probes have attracted considerable attention duet to their ultimate sensitivity, fast response, low sample consumption, and high signal-to-noise ratio. Nanoparticles with outstanding optical properties make them perfect candidates for probes in application of single molecule detection. In this review, we focus on various kinds of nanoparticles acting as single molecule fluorescent probes, including quantum dots, upconverting fluorescent nanoparticles, carbon dots, single-wall carbon nanotubes, fluorescent nanodiamonds, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoclusters, and metallic nanoparticles. Optical properties of various nanoparticles and their recent application in single molecule fluorescent probes are explored. How nanoparticles boost the sensitivity of detection is emphasized in combination with different sensing strategies. Future trends of nanoparticles in single molecule detection are also discussed. We hope this review can provide practical guidance for researchers who work on nanoparticle-based single molecule fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Chen
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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25
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Ilatovskii DA, Gilshtein EP, Glukhova OE, Nasibulin AG. Transparent Conducting Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes: Rational Design toward the Theoretical Limit. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201673. [PMID: 35712777 PMCID: PMC9405519 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive thin-film materials possessing high transparency are essential components for many optoelectronic devices. The advancement in the transparent conductor applications requires a replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), one of the key materials in electronics. ITO and other transparent conductive metal oxides have several drawbacks, including poor flexibility, high refractive index and haze, limited chemical stability, and depleted raw material supply. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are a promising alternative for transparent conducting films (TCFs) because of their unique and excellent chemical and physical properties. Here, the latest achievements in the optoelectronic performance of TCFs based on SWCNTs are analyzed. Various approaches to evaluate the performance of transparent electrodes are briefly reviewed. A roadmap for further research and development of the transparent conductors using "rational design," which breaks the deadlock for obtaining the TCFs with a performance close to the theoretical limit, is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniil A. Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniia P. Gilshtein
- Empa‐Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyÜberlandstrasse 129Dübendorf8600Switzerland
| | - Olga E. Glukhova
- Saratov State UniversityAstrakhanskaya Str. 83Saratov410012Russian Federation
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityBolshaya Pirogovskaya Str. 2–4Moscow119991Russian Federation
| | - Albert G. Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyNobel Str. 3Moscow143026Russian Federation
- Aalto UniversityEspooFI‐00076Finland
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26
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Electrochemical Redox In-Situ Welding of Silver Nanowire Films with High Transparency and Conductivity. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10070092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks with high transparency and conductivity are crucial to developing transparent conductive films (TCFs) for flexible optoelectronic devices. However, AgNW-based TCFs still suffer from the high contact resistance of AgNW junctions with both the in-plane and out-of-plane charge transport barrier. Herein, we report a rapid and green electrochemical redox strategy to in-situ weld AgNW networks for the enhanced conductivity and mechanical durability of TCFs with constant transparency. The welded TCFs show a marked decrease of the sheet resistance (reduced to 45.5% of initial values on average) with high transmittance of 97.02% at 550 nm (deducting the background of substrates). The electrochemical welding treatment enables the removal of the residual polyvinylpyrrolidone layer and the in-situ formation of Ag solder in the oxidation and reduction processes, respectively. Furthermore, local conductivity studies confirm the improvement of both the in-plane and the out-of-plane charge transport by conductive atomic force microscopy. This proposed electrochemical redox method provides new insights on the welding of AgNW-based TCFs with high transparency and low resistance for the development of next-generation flexible optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, such conductive films based on the interconnected AgNW networks can be acted as an ideal supporter to construct heterogeneous structures with other functional materials for wide applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.
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27
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Jiang W, Lee S, Zhao K, Lee K, Han H, Oh J, Lee H, Kim H, Koo CM, Park C. Flexible and Transparent Electrode of Hybrid Ti 3C 2T X MXene-Silver Nanowires for High-Performance Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9203-9213. [PMID: 35588151 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of electrodes with high conductivity, optical transparency, and reliable mechanical flexibility and stability is important for numerous solution-processed photoelectronic applications. Although transparent Ti3C2TX MXene electrodes with high conductivity are promising, their suitability for displays remains limited because of the high sheet resistance, which is caused by undesirable flake junctions and surface roughness. Herein, a flexible and transparent electrode has been fabricated that is suitable for a full-solution-processed quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED). An MXene-silver nanowire (AgNW) hybrid electrode (MXAg) consists of a highly conductive AgNW network mixed with solution-processed MXene flakes. Efficient welding of wire-to-wire junctions with MXene flakes yields an electrode with a low sheet resistance and a high transparency of approximately 13.9 Ω sq-1 and 83.8%, respectively. By employing a thin polymer buffer layer of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), followed by mild thermal treatment, a hybrid PMMA-based MXene-AgNW (MXAg@PMMA) electrode in which the work function of an MXAg hybrid FTE physically embedded in PMMA (MXAg@PMMA) can be tuned by controlling the amount of MXene in the hybrid film facilitates the development of a high-performance solution-processed QLED that exhibits maximum external quantum and current efficiencies of approximately 9.88% and 25.8 cd/A, respectively, with excellent bending stability. This work function-tunable flexible transparent electrode based on solution-processed nanoconductors provides a way to develop emerging high-performance, wearable, cost-effective, and soft electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seokyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kaiying Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyowon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - JinWoo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyeokjung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyerim Kim
- Materials Architecting Research Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Chong Min Koo
- Materials Architecting Research Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Spin Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea
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28
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Chen T, Shuang Z, Hu J, Zhao Y, Wei D, Ye J, Zhang G, Duan H. Freestanding 3D Metallic Micromesh for High-Performance Flexible Transparent Solid-State Zinc Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201628. [PMID: 35561074 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent energy supplies are extremely essential to the fast-growing flexible electronic systems. However, the general developed flexible transparent energy storage devices are severely limited by the challenges of low energy density, safety issues, and/or poor compatibility. In this work, a freestanding 3D hierarchical metallic micromesh with remarkble optoelectronic properties (T = 89.59% and Rs = 0.23 Ω sq-1 ) and super-flexibility is designed and manufactured for flexible transparent alkaline zinc batteries. The 3D Ni micromesh supported Cu(OH)2 @NiCo bimetallic hydroxide flexible transparent electrode (3D NM@Cu(OH)2 @NiCo BH) is obtained by a combination of photolithography, chemical etching, and electrodeposition. The negative electrode is constructed by electrodeposition of electrochemically active zinc on the surface of Ni@Cu micromesh (Ni@Cu@Zn MM). The metallic micromesh with 3D hierarchical nanoarchitecture can not only ensure low sheet resistance, but also realize high mass loading of active materials and short electron/ion transmission path, which can guarantee high energy density and high-rate capability of the transparent devices. The flexible transparent 3D NM@Cu(OH)2 @NiCo BH electrode realizes a specific capacity of 66.03 μAh cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2 with a transmittance of 63%. Furthermore, the assembled solid-state NiCo-Zn alkaline battery exhibits a desirable energy density/power density of 35.89 μWh cm-2 /2000.26 μW cm-2 with a transmittance of 54.34%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Zhengwen Shuang
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - YanLi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Donghai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Jinghua Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Guanhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Huigao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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29
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Jiang Q, Li R, Wang F, Shi X, Chen F, Huang Y, Wang B, Zhang W, Wu X, Wei F, Zhang R. Ultrasensitive Airflow Sensors Based on Suspended Carbon Nanotube Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107062. [PMID: 35245967 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-performance airflow sensors are in great demand in numerous fields but still face many challenges, such as slow response speed, low sensitivity, large detection threshold, and narrow sensing range. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibit many advantages in fabricating airflow sensors due to their nanoscale diameters, excellent mechanical and electrical properties, and so on. However, the intrinsic extraordinary properties of CNTs are not fully exhibited in previously reported CNT-based airflow sensors due to the mixed structures of macroscale CNT assemblies. Herein, this article presents suspended CNT networks (SCNTNs) as high-performance airflow sensors, which are self-assembled by ultralong CNTs and short CNTs in a one-step floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition process. The SCNTN-based airflow sensors achieved a record-breaking short response time of 0.021 s, a high sensitivity of 0.0124 s m-1 , a small detection threshold of 0.11 m s-1 , and a wide detection range of ≈0.11-5.51 m s-1 , superior to most of the state-of-the-art airflow sensors. To reveal the sensing mechanism, an acoustic response testing system and a mathematical model are developed. It is found that the airflow-caused intertube stress change resulted in the resistance variation of SCNTNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Run Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaofei Shi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fengxiang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Baoshun Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenshuo Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fei Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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30
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Qiu T, Akinoglu EM, Luo B, Konarova M, Yun JH, Gentle IR, Wang L. Nanosphere Lithography: A Versatile Approach to Develop Transparent Conductive Films for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2103842. [PMID: 35119141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive films (TCFs) are irreplaceable components in most optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, sensors, smart windows, and bioelectronics. The shortcomings of existing traditional transparent conductors demand the development of new material systems that are both transparent and electrically conductive, with variable functionality to meet the requirements of new generation optoelectronic devices. In this respect, TCFs with periodic or irregular nanomesh structures have recently emerged as promising candidates, which possess superior mechanical properties in comparison with conventional metal oxide TCFs. Among the methods for nanomesh TCFs fabrication, nanosphere lithography (NSL) has proven to be a versatile platform, with which a wide range of morphologically distinct nanomesh TCFs have been demonstrated. These materials are not only functionally diverse, but also have advantages in terms of device compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive description of the NSL process and its most relevant derivatives to fabricate nanomesh TCFs. The structure-property relationships of these materials are elaborated and an overview of their application in different technologies across disciplines related to optoelectronics is given. It is concluded with a perspective on current shortcomings and future directions to further advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Qiu
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Eser Metin Akinoglu
- International Academy of Optoelectronics at Zhaoqing, South China Normal University, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, 526238, P. R. China
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bin Luo
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Muxina Konarova
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Jung-Ho Yun
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Nanomaterials Centre, School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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31
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Li Z, Li H, Zhu X, Peng Z, Zhang G, Yang J, Wang F, Zhang Y, Sun L, Wang R, Zhang J, Yang Z, Yi H, Lan H. Directly Printed Embedded Metal Mesh for Flexible Transparent Electrode via Liquid Substrate Electric-Field-Driven Jet. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105331. [PMID: 35233960 PMCID: PMC9108624 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) with embedded metal meshes play an indispensable role in many optoelectronic devices due to their excellent mechanical stability and environmental adaptability. However, low-cost, simple, efficient, and environmental friendly integrated manufacturing of high-performance embedded metal meshes remains a huge challenge. Here, a facile and novel fabrication method is proposed for FTEs with an embedded metal mesh via liquid substrateelectric-field-driven microscale 3D printing process. This direct printing strategy avoids tedious processes and offers low-cost and high-volume production, enabling the fabrication of high-resolution, high-aspect ratio embedded metal meshes without sacrificing transparency. The final manufactured FTEs with 80 mm × 80 mm embedded metal mesh offers excellent optoelectronic performance with a sheet resistance (Rs ) of 6 Ω sq-1 and a transmittance (T) of 85.79%. The embedded metal structure still has excellent mechanical stability and good environmental suitability under different harsh working conditions. The practical feasibility of the FTEs is successfully demonstrated with a thermally driven 4D printing structure and a resistive transparent strain sensor. This method can be used to manufacture large areas with facile, high-efficiency, low-cost, and high-performance FTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control, Ministry of EducationQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Hongke Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control, Ministry of EducationQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
- Key Lab of Industrial Fluid Energy Conservation and Pollution Control, Ministry of EducationQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Zilong Peng
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Yuan‐Fang Zhang
- Shien‐Ming Wu School of Intelligent EngineeringSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou511442China
| | - Luanfa Sun
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Jinbao Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
| | - Zhongming Yang
- School of Information Science and Engineering and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and ApplicationShandong UniversityQingdao266327China
| | - Hao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical TransmissionChongqing UniversityChongqing400044China
| | - Hongbo Lan
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive ManufacturingQingdao University of TechnologyQingdao266520China
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32
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Headrick RJ, Williams SM, Owens CE, Taylor LW, Dewey OS, Ginestra CJ, Liberman L, Ya’akobi AM, Talmon Y, Maruyama B, McKinley GH, Hart AJ, Pasquali M. Versatile acid solvents for pristine carbon nanotube assembly. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3285. [PMID: 35476431 PMCID: PMC9045610 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chlorosulfonic acid and oleum are ideal solvents for enabling the transformation of disordered carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into precise and highly functional morphologies. Currently, processing these solvents using extrusion techniques presents complications due to chemical compatibility, which constrain equipment and substrate material options. Here, we present a novel acid solvent system based on methanesulfonic or p-toluenesulfonic acids with low corrosivity, which form true solutions of CNTs at concentrations as high as 10 g/liter (≈0.7 volume %). The versatility of this solvent system is demonstrated by drop-in application to conventional manufacturing processes such as slot die coating, solution spinning continuous fibers, and 3D printing aerogels. Through continuous slot coating, we achieve state-of-the-art optoelectronic performance (83.6 %T and 14 ohm/sq) at industrially relevant production speeds. This work establishes practical and efficient means for scalable processing of CNT into advanced materials with properties suitable for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Headrick
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Steven M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Crystal E. Owens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lauren W. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Oliver S. Dewey
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Cedric J. Ginestra
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Asia Matatyaho Ya’akobi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute (RBNI), Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Benji Maruyama
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, WPAFB, OH 45387, USA
| | - Gareth H. McKinley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A. John Hart
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matteo Pasquali
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and The Carbon Hub, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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33
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Guo J, Xiang R, Cheng T, Maruyama S, Li Y. One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures: A Perspective. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2022; 2:3-11. [PMID: 37101518 PMCID: PMC10114641 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
As a new frontier in low-dimensional material research, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, represented by 2D heterostructures, have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. The emerging 1D heterostructures open new possibilities for the field with expectant unconventional properties and yet more challenging preparation pathways. This Perspective aims to give an overall understanding of the state-of-the-art growth strategies and fantastic properties of the 1D heterostructures and provide an outlook for further development based on the controlled preparation, which will bring up a variety of applications in high-performance electronic, optoelectronic, magnetic, and energy storage devices. A quick rise of the fundamentals and application study of 1D heterostructures is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ting Cheng
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, The University
of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking
University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST
ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
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34
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Zhang Z, Yan W, Chen Y, Chen S, Jia G, Sheng J, Zhu S, Xu Z, Zhang X, Li Y. Stable Doping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Flexible Transparent Conductive Films. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1063-1071. [PMID: 34927412 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Possessing excellent electronic and mechanical properties and great stability, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are exceptionally attractive in fabricating flexible transparent conductive films. Doping is a key step to further enhance the conductivity of the SWCNT films and the reliable doping is highly needed. We developed a feasible strategy that uses solid acids such as phosphotungstic acid (PTA) to dope the SWCNT films stably relying on the nonvolatility of the dopants. The sheet resistance of the films was reduced to around a half of the original value meanwhile with no obvious change in transmittance. The doping effect maintained during a 700 days' observation. The excellent flexibility of the PTA-doped films was demonstrated by a bending test of 1000 cycles, during which the sheet resistance and transmittance was basically unaffected. The blue shifts of G band in the Raman spectra and the increase of work function measured by the Kelvin probe force microscopy both reveal the p-type doping of the films by PTA. The strong acidity of PTA plays a key role in the doping effect by increasing the redox potential of the ambient O2 and thus the Fermi level of the SWCNTs is brought down. The great feasibility and robustness of our doping strategy are desirable in the practical application of SWCNT-based flexible transparent conductive films. This strategy can be extended to the p-type doping of various CNT-based assemblies (such as sponges and forests) as well as other material families, expanding the application spectrum of polyacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyao Zhang
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Li
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, China
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35
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Liu L, Wu L, Yang H, Ge H, Xie J, Cao K, Cheng G, Chen S. Conductivity and Stability Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes via Facile Doping of Sodium 3-Methylsalicylate for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:1615-1625. [PMID: 34968042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most prospering transparent conductive materials for flexible optoelectronic devices, which arises from its nonpareil features of low-cost solution processability, tunable conductivity, high transparency, and superior mechanical flexibility. However, acidity and hygroscopicity of PSS chains cause a decrease in conductivity, substrate corrosion, and device degradation. This work proposes a facile and effective direct doping strategy of sodium 3-methylsalicylate to enhance the conductivity, alleviate the acidity, and improve the stability of PEDOT:PSS electrodes, simultaneously. Owing to the formation of weaker acid and PSS-Na, PSS chains are disentangled from the coiled PEDOT:PSS complexes, leading to the phase separation of PEDOT:PSS and the formation of fibril-like PEDOT domains. Eventually, the sodium 3-methylsalicylate-modified PEDOT:PSS electrode is employed in flexible organic light-emitting diodes with an outstanding external quantum efficiency of up to 25%. The improved performance is attributed to the more matched work function and the as-formed interfacial dipole. The sodium 3-methylsalicylate-modified PEDOT:PSS electrode with high conductivity and transmittance, superior stability in the air as well as good mechanical flexibility has the potential to be the most promising transparent conductive material for flexible optoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honggang Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Juxuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Gang Cheng
- Hong Kong Quantum AI Lab Limited, 17 Science Park West Avenue, Pak Shek Kok 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518053, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
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36
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Tang DM, Erohin SV, Kvashnin DG, Demin VA, Cretu O, Jiang S, Zhang L, Hou PX, Chen G, Futaba DN, Zheng Y, Xiang R, Zhou X, Hsia FC, Kawamoto N, Mitome M, Nemoto Y, Uesugi F, Takeguchi M, Maruyama S, Cheng HM, Bando Y, Liu C, Sorokin PB, Golberg D. Semiconductor nanochannels in metallic carbon nanotubes by thermomechanical chirality alteration. Science 2021; 374:1616-1620. [PMID: 34941420 DOI: 10.1126/science.abi8884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Ming Tang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Sergey V Erohin
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Moscow 119049, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry G Kvashnin
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Moscow 119049, Russian Federation.,Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Victor A Demin
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russian Federation
| | - Ovidiu Cretu
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Song Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guohai Chen
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Don N Futaba
- CNT-Application Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yongjia Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Xin Zhou
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsia
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawamoto
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Masanori Mitome
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nemoto
- Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Uesugi
- Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Masaki Takeguchi
- Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pavel B Sorokin
- National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), Moscow 119049, Russian Federation.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141701, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.,Centre for Materials Science and School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane QLD 4000, Australia
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37
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Quantitative Evidence for the Dependence of Highly Crystalline Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Synthesis on the Growth Method. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123461. [PMID: 34947810 PMCID: PMC8706310 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a study quantitatively demonstrating that the method of synthesis (gas phase, fixed bed, non-fixed bed) represents a determining factor in the level of crystallinity in growing single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Using far infrared spectroscopy, the "effective length" (associated with the level of crystallinity) was estimated for CNTs grown using various synthetic methods (lab-produced and supplemented by commercially purchased SWCNTs) as a metric for crystallinity (i.e., defect density). Analysis of the observed "effective lengths" showed that the SWCNTs fell into two general groups: long and short (high and low crystallinity) synthesized by gas-phase methods and all other supported catalyst methods, respectively. Importantly, the "long" group exhibited effective lengths in the range of 700-2200 nm, which was greater than double that of the typical values representing the "short" group (110-490 nm). These results highlight the significant difference in crystallinity. We interpret that the difference in the crystallinity stemmed from stress concentration at the nanotube-catalyst interface during the growth process, which originated from various sources of mismatch in growth rates (e.g., vertically aligned array) as well as impact stress from contact with other substrates during fluidization or rotation. These results are consistent with well-accepted belief, but now are demonstrated quantitatively.
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Impedance Analysis and Noise Measurements on Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14247509. [PMID: 34947104 PMCID: PMC8708505 DOI: 10.3390/ma14247509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The electrical impedance characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) networks were studied as a function of CNT concentrations in the frequency range of 1 kHz–1 MHz. The novelty of this study is that the MWCNTs were not embedded in any polymer matrix and so the response of the device to electrical measurements are attributed to the CNTs in the network without any contribution from a polymer host matrix. Devices with low MWCNT packing density (0.31–0.85 µg/cm2) exhibit a frequency independent plateau in the low-frequency regime. At higher frequencies, the AC conductivity of these devices increases following a power law, characteristic of the universal dynamic response (UDR) phenomenon. On the other hand, devices with high MWCNT concentrations (>1.0 µg/cm2) exhibit frequency independent conductivity over the entire frequency range (up to 1 MHz), indicating that conduction in these devices is due to direct contact between the CNTs in the network. A simple single-relaxation time electrical equivalent circuit with an effective resistance and capacitance is used to describe the device performance. The electrical noise measurements on devices with different MWCNT packing densities exhibit bias-dependent low-frequency 1/f noise, attributed to resistance fluctuations.
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Qian L, Xie Y, Zou M, Zhang J. Building a Bridge for Carbon Nanotubes from Nanoscale Structure to Macroscopic Application. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:18805-18819. [PMID: 34714049 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Through 30 years of research, researchers have gained a deep understanding of the synthesis, characteristics, and applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). However, up to now, there are still few industries using CNT as the leading material. The difficulty of CNTs to be applied in industry is the gap between the properties of CNT-based aggregates and those of a single carbon nanotube. Therefore, how to maintain the intrinsic properties of CNTs when they are assembled into aggregates is of great significance. Herein, we summarize and analyze the research status of CNT materials applied in different fields from proven techniques to potential industries, including energy storage, electronics, mechanical and other applications. For each application, the intrinsic properties of CNTs and the real performances of their aggregates are compared to figure out the key problems in CNT synthesis. Finally, we give an outlook for building a bridge for CNTs from nanoscale structure to macroscopic application, giving inspiration to researchers making efforts toward the real application of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Qian
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhi Zou
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Tavernaro I, Dekkers S, Soeteman-Hernández LG, Herbeck-Engel P, Noorlander C, Kraegeloh A. Safe-by-Design part II: A strategy for balancing safety and functionality in the different stages of the innovation process. NANOIMPACT 2021; 24:100354. [PMID: 35559813 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Manufactured nanomaterials have the potential to impact an exceedingly wide number of industries and markets ranging from energy storage, electronic and optical devices, light-weight construction to innovative medical approaches for diagnostics and therapy. In order to foster the development of safer nanomaterial-containing products, two main aspects are of major interest: their functional performance as well as their safety towards human health and the environment. In this paper a first proposal for a strategy is presented to link the functionality of nanomaterials with safety aspects. This strategy first combines information on the functionality and safety early during the innovation process and onwards, and then identifies Safe-by-Design (SbD) actions that allow for optimisation of both aspects throughout the innovation process. The strategy encompasses suggestions for the type of information needed to balance functionality and safety to support decision making in the innovation process. The applicability of the strategy is illustrated using a literature-based case study on carbon nanotube-based transparent conductive films. This is a first attempt to identify information that can be used for balancing functionality and safety in a structured way during innovation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Tavernaro
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Susan Dekkers
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - Petra Herbeck-Engel
- Innovation Center INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Cornelle Noorlander
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Kraegeloh
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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One-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures: Growth mechanism and handedness correlation revealed by nondestructive TEM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107295118. [PMID: 34508003 PMCID: PMC8449348 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107295118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently synthesized one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals heterostructures in which different atomic layers (e.g., boron nitride or molybdenum disulfide) seamlessly wrap around a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and form a coaxial, crystalized heteronanotube. The growth process of 1D heterostructure is unconventional-different crystals need to nucleate on a highly curved surface and extend nanotubes shell by shell-so understanding the formation mechanism is of fundamental research interest. In this work, we perform a follow-up and comprehensive study on the structural details and formation mechanism of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-synthesized 1D heterostructures. Edge structures, nucleation sites, and crystal epitaxial relationships are clearly revealed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This is achieved by the direct synthesis of heteronanotubes on a CVD-compatible Si/SiO2 TEM grid, which enabled a transfer-free and nondestructive access to many intrinsic structural details. In particular, we have distinguished different-shaped boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) edges, which are confirmed by electron diffraction at the same location to be strictly associated with its own chiral angle and polarity. We also demonstrate the importance of surface cleanness and isolation for the formation of perfect 1D heterostructures. Furthermore, we elucidate the handedness correlation between the SWCNT template and BNNT crystals. This work not only provides an in-depth understanding of this 1D heterostructure material group but also, in a more general perspective, serves as an interesting investigation on crystal growth on highly curved (radius of a couple of nanometers) atomic substrates.
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhang Z, Li Y. Growth of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Substrates Using Carbon Monoxide as Carbon Source. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-1277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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High-Performance Flexible Transparent Electrodes Fabricated via Laser Nano-Welding of Silver Nanowires. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), which possess a high aspect ratio with superior electrical conductivity and transmittance, show great promise as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) for future electronics. Unfortunately, the fabrication of Ag-NW conductive networks with low conductivity and high transmittance is a major challenge due to the ohmic contact resistance between Ag-NWs. Here we report a facile method of fabricating high-performance Ag-NW electrodes on flexible substrates. A 532 nm nanosecond pulsed laser is employed to nano-weld the Ag-NW junctions through the energy confinement caused by localized surface plasmon resonance, reducing the sheet resistance and connecting the junctions with the substrate. Additionally, the thermal effect of the pulsed laser on organic substrates can be ignored due to the low energy input and high transparency of the substrate. The fabricated FTEs demonstrate a high transmittance (up to 85.9%) in the visible band, a low sheet resistance of 11.3 Ω/sq, high flexibility and strong durability. The applications of FTEs to 2D materials and LEDs are also explored. The present work points toward a promising new method for fabricating high-performance FTEs for future wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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In Silico Study of the Influence of Various Substrates on the Electronic Properties and Electrical Conductivity of Mono- and Bilayer Films of Armchair Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. CHEMENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering5030048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigate electronic and electro-physical properties of mono- and bilayer armchair single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films located on substrates of different types, including substrates in the form of crystalline silicon dioxide (SiO2) films with P42/mnm and P3121 space symmetry groups. The SWCNT films interact with substrate only by van der Waals forces. The densities of electronic states (DOS) and the electron transmission functions are calculated for SWCNT films with various substrates. The electrical conductivity of SWCNT films is calculated based on the electron transmission function. It is found that the substrate plays an important role in the formation of DOS of the SWCNT films, and the surface topology determines the degree and nature of the mutual influence of the nanotube and the substrate. It is shown that the substrate affects the electronic properties of monolayer films, changing the electrical resistance value from 2% to 17%. However, the substrate has practically no effect on the electrical conductivity and resistance of the bilayer film in both directions of current transfer. In this case, the values of the resistances of the bilayer film in both directions of current transfer approach the value of ~6.4 kΩ, which is the lowest for individual SWCNT.
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Ma C, Liu YF, Bi YG, Zhang XL, Yin D, Feng J, Sun HB. Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12423-12437. [PMID: 34259675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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Electrically Conductive Networks from Hybrids of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Created by Laser Radiation. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081875. [PMID: 34443706 PMCID: PMC8399117 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A technology for the formation of electrically conductive nanostructures from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and their hybrids with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on Si substrate has been developed. Under the action of single pulses of laser irradiation, nanowelding of SWCNT and MWCNT nanotubes with graphene sheets was obtained. Dependences of electromagnetic wave absorption by films of short and long nanotubes with subnanometer and nanometer diameters on wavelength are calculated. It was determined from dependences that absorption maxima of various types of nanotubes are in the wavelength region of about 266 nm. It was found that contact between nanotube and graphene was formed in time up to 400 fs. Formation of networks of SWCNT/MWCNT and their hybrids with rGO at threshold energy densities of 0.3/0.5 J/cm2 is shown. With an increase in energy density above the threshold value, formation of amorphous carbon nanoinclusions on the surface of nanotubes was demonstrated. For all films, except the MWCNT film, an increase in defectiveness after laser irradiation was obtained, which is associated with appearance of C–C bonds with neighboring nanotubes or graphene sheets. CNTs played the role of bridges connecting graphene sheets. Laser-synthesized hybrid nanostructures demonstrated the highest hardness compared to pure nanotubes. Maximum hardness (52.7 GPa) was obtained for MWCNT/rGO topology. Regularity of an increase in electrical conductivity of nanostructures after laser irradiation has been established for films made of all nanomaterials. Hybrid structures of nanotubes and graphene sheets have the highest electrical conductivity compared to networks of pure nanotubes. Maximum electrical conductivity was obtained for MWCNT/rGO hybrid structure (~22.6 kS/m). Networks of nanotubes and CNT/rGO hybrids can be used to form strong electrically conductive interconnections in nanoelectronics, as well as to create components for flexible electronics and bioelectronics, including intelligent wearable devices (IWDs).
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Wu Y, Zhao X, Shang Y, Chang S, Dai L, Cao A. Application-Driven Carbon Nanotube Functional Materials. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7946-7974. [PMID: 33988980 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c10662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube functional materials (CNTFMs) represent an important research field in transforming nanoscience and nanotechnology into practical applications, with potential impact in a wide realm of science, technology, and engineering. In this review, we combine the state-of-the-art research activities of CNTFMs with the application prospect, to highlight critical issues and identify future challenges. We focus on macroscopic long fibers, thin films, and bulk sponges which are typical CNTFMs in different dimensions with distinct characteristics, and also cover a variety of derived composite/hierarchical materials. Critical issues related to their structures, properties, and applications as robust conductive skeletons or high-performance flexible electrodes in mechanical and electronic devices, advanced energy conversion and storage systems, and environmental areas have been discussed specifically. Finally, possible solutions and directions are proposed for overcoming current obstacles and promoting future efforts in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Shang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulong Chang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiu Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Anyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Daneshvar F, Chen H, Noh K, Sue HJ. Critical challenges and advances in the carbon nanotube-metal interface for next-generation electronics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:942-962. [PMID: 36133297 PMCID: PMC9417627 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation electronics can no longer solely rely on conventional materials; miniaturization of portable electronics is pushing Si-based semiconductors and metallic conductors to their operational limits, flexible displays will make common conductive metal oxide materials obsolete, and weight reduction requirement in the aerospace industry demands scientists to seek reliable low-density conductors. Excellent electrical and mechanical properties, coupled with low density, make carbon nanotubes (CNTs) attractive candidates for future electronics. However, translating these remarkable properties into commercial macroscale applications has been disappointing. To fully realize their great potential, CNTs need to be seamlessly incorporated into metallic structures or have to synergistically work alongside them which is still challenging. Here, we review the major challenges in CNT-metal systems that impede their application in electronic devices and highlight significant breakthroughs. A few key applications that can capitalize on CNT-metal structures are also discussed. We specifically focus on the interfacial interaction and materials science aspects of CNT-metal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Daneshvar
- Intel Ronler Acres Campus, Intel Corp. 2501 NE Century Blvd Hillsboro Oregon 97124 USA
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Hengxi Chen
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Kwanghae Noh
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
| | - Hung-Jue Sue
- Polymer Technology Centre, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station Texas 77843 USA
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Mitin D, Berdnikov Y, Vorobyev A, Mozharov A, Raudik S, Koval O, Neplokh V, Moiseev E, Ilatovskii D, Nasibulin AG, Mukhin I. Optimization of Optoelectronic Properties of Patterned Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:55141-55147. [PMID: 33249829 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel strategy to enhance optoelectrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films for transparent electrode applications by film patterning. First, we theoretically considered the effect of the conducting pattern geometry on the film quality factor and then experimentally examined the calculated structures. We extend these results to show that the best characteristics of patterned SWCNT films can be achieved using the combination of initial film properties: low transmittance and high conductivity. The proposed strategy allows the patterned layers of SWCNTs to outperform the widely used indium-tin-oxide electrodes on both flexible and rigid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Mitin
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia
| | - Yury Berdnikov
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Alexandr Vorobyev
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Alexey Mozharov
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergei Raudik
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Olga Koval
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Vladimir Neplokh
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Eduard Moiseev
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 16 Soyuza Pechatnikov, St. Petersburg 190008, Russia
| | - Daniil Ilatovskii
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Nobel 3, Moscow 121205, Russia
- Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ivan Mukhin
- Saint Petersburg Academic University, 8 Khlopina, bld. 3A, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
- ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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50
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Ma LP, Wu Z, Yin L, Zhang D, Dong S, Zhang Q, Chen ML, Ma W, Zhang Z, Du J, Sun DM, Liu K, Duan X, Ma D, Cheng HM, Ren W. Pushing the conductance and transparency limit of monolayer graphene electrodes for flexible organic light-emitting diodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25991-25998. [PMID: 33020292 PMCID: PMC7584903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922521117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene has emerged as an attractive candidate for flexible transparent electrode (FTE) for a new generation of flexible optoelectronics. Despite tremendous potential and broad earlier interest, the promise of graphene FTE has been plagued by the intrinsic trade-off between electrical conductance and transparency with a figure of merit (σDC/σOp) considerably lower than that of the state-of-the-art ITO electrodes (σDC/σOp <123 for graphene vs. ∼240 for ITO). Here we report a synergistic electrical/optical modulation strategy to simultaneously boost the conductance and transparency. We show that a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)boric acid (HTB) coating can function as highly effective hole doping layer to increase the conductance of monolayer graphene by sevenfold and at the same time as an anti-reflective layer to boost the visible transmittance to 98.8%. Such simultaneous improvement in conductance and transparency breaks previous limit in graphene FTEs and yields an unprecedented figure of merit (σDC/σOp ∼323) that rivals the best commercial ITO electrode. Using the tailored monolayer graphene as the flexible anode, we further demonstrate high-performance green organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the maximum current, power and external quantum efficiencies (111.4 cd A-1, 124.9 lm W-1 and 29.7%) outperforming all comparable flexible OLEDs and surpassing that with standard rigid ITO by 43%. This study defines a straightforward pathway to tailor optoelectronic properties of monolayer graphene and to fully capture their potential as a generational FTE for flexible optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Peng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymers Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022 Changchun, China
| | - Lichang Yin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Shichao Dong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Mao-Lin Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Dongge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & Devices, South China University of Technology, 510640 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, 518055 Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 110016 Shenyang, China
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