1
|
Cooper VT, Armour KC, Hakim GJ, Tierney JE, Osman MB, Proistosescu C, Dong Y, Burls NJ, Andrews T, Amrhein DE, Zhu J, Dong W, Ming Y, Chmielowiec P. Last Glacial Maximum pattern effects reduce climate sensitivity estimates. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk9461. [PMID: 38630811 PMCID: PMC11023557 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk9461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Here, we show that the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) provides a stronger constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), the global warming from increasing greenhouse gases, after accounting for temperature patterns. Feedbacks governing ECS depend on spatial patterns of surface temperature ("pattern effects"); hence, using the LGM to constrain future warming requires quantifying how temperature patterns produce different feedbacks during LGM cooling versus modern-day warming. Combining data assimilation reconstructions with atmospheric models, we show that the climate is more sensitive to LGM forcing because ice sheets amplify extratropical cooling where feedbacks are destabilizing. Accounting for LGM pattern effects yields a median modern-day ECS of 2.4°C, 66% range 1.7° to 3.5°C (1.4° to 5.0°C, 5 to 95%), from LGM evidence alone. Combining the LGM with other lines of evidence, the best estimate becomes 2.9°C, 66% range 2.4° to 3.5°C (2.1° to 4.1°C, 5 to 95%), substantially narrowing uncertainty compared to recent assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T. Cooper
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kyle C. Armour
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory J. Hakim
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Cristian Proistosescu
- Department of Climate, Meteorology, and Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Change, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yue Dong
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Natalie J. Burls
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic & Earth Sciences, Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | - Daniel E. Amrhein
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Wenhao Dong
- Cooperative Programs for the Advancement of Earth System Science, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yi Ming
- Earth and Environmental Sciences and Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip Chmielowiec
- Department of Climate, Meteorology, and Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Earth Sciences and Environmental Change, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le Houedec S, Tremblin M, Champion A, Samankassou E. Modulation of the northward penetration of Antarctica intermediate waters into the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean under glacial and interglacial conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6673. [PMID: 38509205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The Indo-Pacific warm pool is the warmest and most dynamic ocean-atmosphere-climate system on Earth and was subject to significant climate changes during the Pleistocene glacial-interglacial transitions. This has been shown to significantly affected the strength of surface waters that redistribute heat from the tropics to the southern part of the Indian Ocean. Here we investigate the response of the oceanic circulation at intermediate depth (1200 m) of the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EEIO) with neodymium (Nd) isotopes in the context of the climatic oscillation of the last 500 ka. The most striking feature of our new dataset is the seesaw Nd record that mimics glacial-interglacial cycles. While the interglacial periods are characterized by a higher contribution of the less radiogenic neodymium (~ - 7εNd) Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), the glacial periods are characterized by more radiogenic water mass of Pacific origin (~ - 5εNd). To explain the increase in the εNd signature toward a more radiogenic signature as the Indo-Pacific connection is reduced under the low sea level of the glacial periods, we show that under global cooling, the AAIW advances northward into the tropics, which is a consequence of the general slowdown of the thermohaline circulation. Therefore, oceanic mixing at intermediate depth in the eastern tropical Indian intermediate water is modulated by the production rate of the AAIW in the Southern Ocean. Our study provides new evidence for the role that changes in the deep oceanic conditions play in amplifying externally forced climate changes that ultimately lead to drier/moister atmospheric conditions and weaker/stronger monsoons during glacial/interglacial periods over eastern tropical Indian Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Le Houedec
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchers 13, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Maxime Tremblin
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchers 13, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amaury Champion
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchers 13, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elias Samankassou
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchers 13, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan S, Chiang HW, Liu G, Bijaksana S, He S, Jiang X, Imran AM, Wicaksono SA, Wang X. The strength, position, and width changes of the intertropical convergence zone since the Last Glacial Maximum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217064120. [PMID: 38033310 PMCID: PMC10666097 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217064120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) plays a key role in regulating tropical hydroclimate and global water cycle through changes in its convection strength, latitudinal position, and width. The long-term variability of the ITCZ, along with the corresponding driving mechanisms, however, remains obscure, mainly because it is difficult to separate different ITCZ variables in paleoclimate proxy records. Here, we report a speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) record from southwestern Sulawesi, Indonesia, and compile it with other speleothem records from the Maritime Continent. Using the spatial gradient of speleothem δ18O along a transect across the ITCZ, we constrain ITCZ variabilities over the Maritime Continent during the past 30,000 y. We find that ITCZ convection strength overall intensified from the last glacial period to the Holocene, following changes in climate boundary conditions. The mean position of the regional ITCZ has moved latitudinally no more than 3° in the past 30,000 y, consistent with the deduction from the atmospheric energy framework. However, different from modern observations and model simulations for future warming, the ITCZ appeared narrower during both the late Holocene and most part of the last glacial period, and its expansion occurred during Heinrich stadials and the early-to-mid Holocene. We also find that during the last glacial and deglacial period, prominent millennial-scale ITCZ changes were closely tied to the variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), whereas during the Holocene, they were predominantly modulated by the long-term variability of the Walker circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Yuan
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hong-Wei Chiang
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Guangxin Liu
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Yunnan University, Kunming650500, China
| | - Satria Bijaksana
- Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung40132, Indonesia
| | - Shaoneng He
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiuyang Jiang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou350007, China
| | - Andi M. Imran
- Department of Geological Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar90245, Indonesia
| | - Satrio A. Wicaksono
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI02912
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Asian School of Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Prange M, Jonkers L, Merkel U, Schulz M, Bakker P. A multicentennial mode of North Atlantic climate variability throughout the Last Glacial Maximum. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1106. [PMID: 37910606 PMCID: PMC10619932 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Paleoclimate proxy records from the North Atlantic region reveal substantially greater multicentennial temperature variability during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) compared to the current interglacial. As there was no obvious change in external forcing, causes for the increased variability remain unknown. Exploiting LGM simulations with a comprehensive coupled climate model along with high-resolution proxy records, we introduce an oscillatory mode of multicentennial variability, which is associated with moderate variations in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and depends on the large-scale salinity distribution. This self-sustained mode is amplified by sea-ice feedbacks and induces maximum surface temperature variability in the subpolar North Atlantic region. Characterized by a distinct climatic imprint and different dynamics, the multicentennial oscillation has to be distinguished from Dansgaard-Oeschger variability and emerges only under full LGM climate forcing. The potential of multicentennial modes of variability to emerge or disappear in response to changing climate forcing may have implications for future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Prange
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lukas Jonkers
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ute Merkel
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Schulz
- MARUM–Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Pepijn Bakker
- Department of Earth Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baxter AJ, Verschuren D, Peterse F, Miralles DG, Martin-Jones CM, Maitituerdi A, Van der Meeren T, Van Daele M, Lane CS, Haug GH, Olago DO, Sinninghe Damsté JS. Reversed Holocene temperature-moisture relationship in the Horn of Africa. Nature 2023; 620:336-343. [PMID: 37558848 PMCID: PMC10412447 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is predicted to severely impact the global hydrological cycle1, particularly in tropical regions where agriculture-based economies depend on monsoon rainfall2. In the Horn of Africa, more frequent drought conditions in recent decades3,4 contrast with climate models projecting precipitation to increase with rising temperature5. Here we use organic geochemical climate-proxy data from the sediment record of Lake Chala (Kenya and Tanzania) to probe the stability of the link between hydroclimate and temperature over approximately the past 75,000 years, hence encompassing a sufficiently wide range of temperatures to test the 'dry gets drier, wet gets wetter' paradigm6 of anthropogenic climate change in the time domain. We show that the positive relationship between effective moisture and temperature in easternmost Africa during the cooler last glacial period shifted to negative around the onset of the Holocene 11,700 years ago, when the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration exceeded 250 parts per million and mean annual temperature approached modern-day values. Thus, at that time, the budget between monsoonal precipitation and continental evaporation7 crossed a tipping point such that the positive influence of temperature on evaporation became greater than its positive influence on precipitation. Our results imply that under continued anthropogenic warming, the Horn of Africa will probably experience further drying, and they highlight the need for improved simulation of both dynamic and thermodynamic processes in the tropical hydrological cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Baxter
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - D Verschuren
- Department of Biology, Limnology Unit, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - F Peterse
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D G Miralles
- Department of Environment, Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL), Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - A Maitituerdi
- Dr. Moses Strauss Department of Marine Geosciences, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel
| | - T Van der Meeren
- Department of Biology, Limnology Unit, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Van Daele
- Renard Centre of Marine Geology, Department of Geology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - C S Lane
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - G H Haug
- Department of Climate Geochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - D O Olago
- Institute for Climate Change and Adaptation, Department of Earth and Climate Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - J S Sinninghe Damsté
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Casas-Gallego M, Hahn K, Neumann K, Demissew S, Schmidt M, Bodin SC, Bruch AA. Cooling-induced expansions of Afromontane forests in the Horn of Africa since the Last Glacial Maximum. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10323. [PMID: 37365263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37135-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the changing plant ecosystems that existed in East Africa over the past millennia is crucial for identifying links between habitats and past human adaptation and dispersal across the region. In the Horn of Africa, this task is hampered by the scarcity of fossil botanical data. Here we present modelled past vegetation distributions in Ethiopia from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to present at high spatial and temporal resolution. The simulations show that, contrary to long-standing hypotheses, the area covered by Afromontane forests during the Late Glacial was significantly larger than at present. The combined effect of low temperatures and the relative rainfall contribution sourced from the Congo Basin and Indian Ocean, emerges as the mechanism that controlled the migration of Afromontane forests to lower elevations. This process may have enabled the development of continuous forest corridors connecting populations that are currently isolated in mountainous areas over the African continent. Starting with the Holocene, the expansion of forests began to reverse. This decline intensified over the second half of the Holocene leading to a retreat of the forests to higher elevations where they are restricted today. The simulations are consistent with proxy data derived from regional pollen records and provide a key environmental and conceptual framework for human environmental adaptation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Casas-Gallego
- Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karen Hahn
- Institute of Ecology, Diversity and Evolution, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Neumann
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebsebe Demissew
- National Herbarium of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marco Schmidt
- Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stéphanie C Bodin
- Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela A Bruch
- Research Centre "The role of culture in early expansions of humans" of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nuber S, Rae JWB, Zhang X, Andersen MB, Dumont MD, Mithan HT, Sun Y, de Boer B, Hall IR, Barker S. Indian Ocean salinity build-up primes deglacial ocean circulation recovery. Nature 2023; 617:306-311. [PMID: 37165236 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05866-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Indian Ocean provides a source of salt for North Atlantic deep-water convection sites, via the Agulhas Leakage, and may thus drive changes in the ocean's overturning circulation1-3. However, little is known about the salt content variability of Indian Ocean and Agulhas Leakage waters during past glacial cycles and how this may influence circulation. Here we show that the glacial Indian Ocean surface salt budget was notably different from the modern, responding dynamically to changes in sea level. Indian Ocean surface salinity increased during glacial intensification, peaking in glacial maxima. We find that this is due to rapid land exposure in the Indonesian archipelago induced by glacial sea-level lowering, and we suggest a mechanistic link via reduced input of relatively fresh Indonesian Throughflow waters into the Indian Ocean. Using climate model results, we show that the release of this glacial Indian Ocean salinity via the Agulhas Leakage during deglaciation can directly impact the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and global climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Nuber
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - James W B Rae
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Morten B Andersen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew D Dumont
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Huw T Mithan
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Bas de Boer
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian R Hall
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen Barker
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gong L, Holbourn A, Kuhnt W, Opdyke B, Zhang Y, Ravelo AC, Zhang P, Xu J, Matsuzaki K, Aiello I, Beil S, Andersen N. Middle Pleistocene re-organization of Australian Monsoon. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2002. [PMID: 37037802 PMCID: PMC10086051 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The sensitivity of the Australian Monsoon to changing climate boundary conditions remains controversial due to limited understanding of forcing processes and past variability. Here, we reconstruct austral summer monsoonal discharge and wind-driven winter productivity across the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT) in a sediment sequence drilled off NW Australia. We show that monsoonal precipitation and runoff primarily responded to precessional insolation forcing until ~0.95 Ma, but exhibited heightened sensitivity to ice volume and pCO2 related feedbacks following intensification of glacial-interglacial cycles. Our records further suggest that summer monsoon variability at the precessional band was closely tied to the thermal evolution of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and strength of the Walker circulation over the past ~1.6 Myr. By contrast, productivity proxy records consistently tracked glacial-interglacial variability, reflecting changing rhythms in polar ice fluctuations and Hadley circulation strength. We conclude that the Australian Monsoon underwent a major re-organization across the MPT and that extratropical feedbacks were instrumental in driving short- and long-term variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gong
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ann Holbourn
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Kuhnt
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bradley Opdyke
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Mills Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Ana Christina Ravelo
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of Geology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics and Department of Geology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Kenji Matsuzaki
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ivano Aiello
- Department of Geological Oceanography, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | - Sebastian Beil
- Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nils Andersen
- Leibniz Laboratory for Radiometric Dating and Stable Isotope Research, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, D-24118, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Du X, Russell JM, Liu Z, Otto-Bliesner BL, Oppo DW, Mohtadi M, Zhu C, Galy VV, Schefuß E, Yan Y, Rosenthal Y, Dubois N, Arbuszewski J, Gao Y. North Atlantic cooling triggered a zonal mode over the Indian Ocean during Heinrich Stadial 1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd4909. [PMID: 36598985 PMCID: PMC9812376 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abrupt changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) are thought to affect tropical hydroclimate through adjustment of the latitudinal position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) involves the largest AMOC reduction in recent geological time; however, over the tropical Indian Ocean (IO), proxy records suggest zonal anomalies featuring intense, widespread drought in tropical East Africa versus generally wet but heterogeneous conditions in the Maritime Continent. Here, we synthesize proxy data and an isotope-enabled transient deglacial simulation and show that the southward ITCZ shift over the eastern IO during HS1 strengthens IO Walker circulation, triggering an east-west precipitation dipole across the basin. This dipole reverses the zonal precipitation anomalies caused by the exposed Sunda and Sahul shelves due to glacial lower sea level. Our study illustrates how zonal modes of atmosphere-ocean circulation can amplify or reverse global climate anomalies, highlighting their importance for future climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Du
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - James M. Russell
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Zhengyu Liu
- Atmospheric Science Program, Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bette L. Otto-Bliesner
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Delia W. Oppo
- Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Mahyar Mohtadi
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Chenyu Zhu
- Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Valier V. Galy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Enno Schefuß
- MARUM-Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry, CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yair Rosenthal
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nathalie Dubois
- Department of Surface Waters Research and Management, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Arbuszewski
- Geology and Geophysics Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giant clam (Tridacna) distribution in the Gulf of Oman in relation to past and future climate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16506. [PMID: 36192580 PMCID: PMC9529976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Oman upwelling zone (OUZ) creates an unfavorable environment and a major biogeographic barrier for many coral reef species, such as giant clams, thus promoting and maintaining faunal differences among reefs on the east and west side of the Arabian Peninsula. We record the former existence of Tridacna in the Gulf of Oman and review its stratigraphic distribution in the Persian Gulf to provide new insights on the connectivity of coral reef habitats around southern Arabia under changing climate and ocean conditions. Fossil shells were carbon-14 dated and employed as sclerochronological proxy archives. This reveals that the Omani population represents a last glacial colonization event during the Marine Isotope Stage 3 interstadial under colder-than-present temperatures and variable upwelling intensity linked to Dansgaard-Oeschger climate oscillations. It was favored by temperatures just above the lower threshold for the habitat-forming reef coral communities and instability of the upwelling barrier. We conclude that the distribution of Tridacna in the northern Arabian Sea is generally limited by either strong upwelling or cool sea surface temperature under gradually changing climate conditions at the interglacial-glacial scale. Opportunities for dispersal and temporary colonization existed only when there was a simultaneous attenuation of both limiting factors due to high-frequency climate variability. The OUZ will unlikely become a future climate change refuge for giant clams because they will be exposed either to thermal stress by rapid anthropogenic Indian Ocean warming or to unfavorable upwelling conditions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Pleistocene drivers of Northwest African hydroclimate and vegetation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3552. [PMID: 35729104 PMCID: PMC9213457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Savanna ecosystems were the landscapes for human evolution and are vital to modern Sub-Saharan African food security, yet the fundamental drivers of climate and ecology in these ecosystems remain unclear. Here we generate plant-wax isotope and dust flux records to explore the mechanistic drivers of the Northwest African monsoon, and to assess ecosystem responses to changes in monsoon rainfall and atmospheric pCO2. We show that monsoon rainfall is controlled by low-latitude insolation gradients and that while increases in precipitation are associated with expansion of grasslands into desert landscapes, changes in pCO2 predominantly drive the C3/C4 composition of savanna ecosystems.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gosling WD, Scerri EML, Kaboth-Bahr S. The climate and vegetation backdrop to hominin evolution in Africa. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200483. [PMID: 35249389 PMCID: PMC8899624 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most profound shift in the African hydroclimate of the last 1 million years occurred around 300 thousand years (ka) ago. This change in African hydroclimate is manifest as an east-west change in moisture balance that cannot be fully explained through linkages to high latitude climate systems. The east-west shift is, instead, probably driven by a shift in the tropical Walker Circulation related to sea surface temperature change driven by orbital forcing. Comparing records of past vegetation change, and hominin evolution and development, with this breakpoint in the climate system is challenging owing to the paucity of study sites available and uncertainties regarding the dating of records. Notwithstanding these uncertainties we find that, broadly speaking, both vegetation and hominins change around 300 ka. The vegetative backdrop suggests that relative abundance of vegetative resources shifted from western to eastern Africa, although resources would have persisted across the continent. The climatic and vegetation changes probably provided challenges for hominins and are broadly coincident with the appearance of Homo sapiens (ca 315 ka) and the emergence of Middle Stone Age technology. The concomitant changes in climate, vegetation and hominin evolution suggest that these factors are closely intertwined. This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William D Gosling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor M L Scerri
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.,Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.,Department of Prehistoric Archaeology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lawman AE, Di Nezio PN, Partin JW, Dee SG, Thirumalai K, Quinn TM. Unraveling forced responses of extreme El Niño variability over the Holocene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4313. [PMID: 35245112 PMCID: PMC8896782 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty surrounding the future response of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability to anthropogenic warming necessitates the study of past ENSO sensitivity to substantial climate forcings over geological history. Here, we focus on the Holocene epoch and show that ENSO amplitude and frequency intensified over this period, driven by an increase in extreme El Niño events. Our study combines new climate model simulations, advances in coral proxy system modeling, and coral proxy data from the central tropical Pacific. Although the model diverges from the observed coral data regarding the exact magnitude of change, both indicate that modern ENSO variance eclipsed paleo-estimates over the Holocene, albeit against the backdrop of wide-ranging natural variability. Toward further constraining paleo-ENSO, our work underscores the need for multimodel investigations of additional Holocene intervals alongside more coral data from periods with larger climate forcing. Our findings implicate extreme El Niño events as an important rectifier of mean ENSO intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Lawman
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Pedro N. Di Nezio
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, The University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Judson W. Partin
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sylvia G. Dee
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Terrence M. Quinn
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Globally resolved surface temperatures since the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature 2021; 599:239-244. [PMID: 34759364 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03984-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Climate changes across the past 24,000 years provide key insights into Earth system responses to external forcing. Climate model simulations1,2 and proxy data3-8 have independently allowed for study of this crucial interval; however, they have at times yielded disparate conclusions. Here, we leverage both types of information using paleoclimate data assimilation9,10 to produce the first proxy-constrained, full-field reanalysis of surface temperature change spanning the Last Glacial Maximum to present at 200-year resolution. We demonstrate that temperature variability across the past 24 thousand years was linked to two primary climatic mechanisms: radiative forcing from ice sheets and greenhouse gases; and a superposition of changes in the ocean overturning circulation and seasonal insolation. In contrast with previous proxy-based reconstructions6,7 our results show that global mean temperature has slightly but steadily warmed, by ~0.5 °C, since the early Holocene (around 9 thousand years ago). When compared with recent temperature changes11, our reanalysis indicates that both the rate and magnitude of modern warming are unusual relative to the changes of the past 24 thousand years.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
In this study, we synthesize terrestrial and marine proxy records, spanning the past 620 ky, to decipher pan-African climate variability and its drivers and potential linkages to hominin evolution. We find a tight correlation between moisture availability across Africa to El Niño Southern Ocean oscillation (ENSO) variability, a manifestation of the Walker Circulation, that was most likely driven by changes in Earth's eccentricity. Our results demonstrate that low-latitude insolation was a prominent driver of pan-African climate change during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. We argue that these low-latitude climate processes governed the dispersion and evolution of vegetation as well as mammals in eastern and western Africa by increasing resource-rich and stable ecotonal settings thought to have been important to early modern humans.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tierney JE, Poulsen CJ, Montañez IP, Bhattacharya T, Feng R, Ford HL, Hönisch B, Inglis GN, Petersen SV, Sagoo N, Tabor CR, Thirumalai K, Zhu J, Burls NJ, Foster GL, Goddéris Y, Huber BT, Ivany LC, Kirtland Turner S, Lunt DJ, McElwain JC, Mills BJW, Otto-Bliesner BL, Ridgwell A, Zhang YG. Past climates inform our future. Science 2020; 370:370/6517/eaay3701. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Poulsen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Isabel P. Montañez
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tripti Bhattacharya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Ran Feng
- Department of Geosciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Heather L. Ford
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bärbel Hönisch
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Gordon N. Inglis
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Sierra V. Petersen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Navjit Sagoo
- Department of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clay R. Tabor
- Department of Geosciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | | | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natalie J. Burls
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Earth Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Gavin L. Foster
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
| | - Yves Goddéris
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Brian T. Huber
- Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Linda C. Ivany
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Lunt
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andy Ridgwell
- Department of Earth Science, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Yi Ge Zhang
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tierney JE, Zhu J, King J, Malevich SB, Hakim GJ, Poulsen CJ. Glacial cooling and climate sensitivity revisited. Nature 2020; 584:569-573. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
18
|
Yan Q, Korty R, Zhang Z, Brierley C, Li X, Wang H. Large shift of the Pacific Walker Circulation across the Cenozoic. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa101. [PMID: 34691627 PMCID: PMC8288383 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in the Pacific Walker Circulation (PWC), a zonally oriented overturning cell across the tropical Pacific, can cause widespread climatic and biogeochemical perturbations. It remains unknown how the PWC developed during the Cenozoic era, with its substantial changes in greenhouse gases and continental positions. Through a suite of coupled model simulations on tectonic timescales, we demonstrate that the PWC was ∼38° broader and ∼5% more intense during the Early Eocene relative to present. As the climate cooled from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene, the width of the PWC shrank, accompanied by an increase in intensity that was tied to the enhanced Pacific zonal temperature gradient. However, the locations of the western and eastern branches behave differently from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene, with the western edge remaining steady with time due to the relatively stable geography of the western tropical Pacific; the eastern edge migrates westward with time as the South American continent moves northwest. A transition occurs in the PWC between the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene, manifested by an eastward shift (both the western and eastern edges migrate eastward by >12°) and weakening (by ∼22%), which we show here is linked with the closure of the tropical seaways. Moreover, our results suggest that rising CO2 favors a weaker PWC under the same land-sea configurations, a robust feature across the large spread of Cenozoic climates considered here, supporting a weakening of the PWC in a warmer future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Robert Korty
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zhongshi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chris Brierley
- Department of Geography, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Climate Change Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
DiNezio PN, Puy M, Thirumalai K, Jin FF, Tierney JE. Emergence of an equatorial mode of climate variability in the Indian Ocean. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7684. [PMID: 32494700 PMCID: PMC7202885 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Presently, the Indian Ocean (IO) resides in a climate state that prevents strong year-to-year climate variations. This may change under greenhouse warming, but the mechanisms remain uncertain, thus limiting our ability to predict future changes in climate extremes. Using climate model simulations, we uncover the emergence of a mode of climate variability capable of generating unprecedented sea surface temperature and rainfall fluctuations across the IO. This mode, which is inhibited under present-day conditions, becomes active in climate states with a shallow thermocline and vigorous upwelling, consistent with the predictions of continued greenhouse warming. These predictions are supported by modeling and proxy evidence of an active mode during glacial intervals that favored such a state. Because of its impact on hydrological variability, the emergence of such a mode would become a first-order source of climate-related risks for the densely populated IO rim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N. DiNezio
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Martin Puy
- Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, Building 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, TX 78758, USA
| | - Kaustubh Thirumalai
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Fei-Fei Jin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jessica E. Tierney
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Arizona, 1040 E. 4th St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Allan RP, Barlow M, Byrne MP, Cherchi A, Douville H, Fowler HJ, Gan TY, Pendergrass AG, Rosenfeld D, Swann ALS, Wilcox LJ, Zolina O. Advances in understanding large-scale responses of the water cycle to climate change. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1472:49-75. [PMID: 32246848 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Globally, thermodynamics explains an increase in atmospheric water vapor with warming of around 7%/°C near to the surface. In contrast, global precipitation and evaporation are constrained by the Earth's energy balance to increase at ∼2-3%/°C. However, this rate of increase is suppressed by rapid atmospheric adjustments in response to greenhouse gases and absorbing aerosols that directly alter the atmospheric energy budget. Rapid adjustments to forcings, cooling effects from scattering aerosol, and observational uncertainty can explain why observed global precipitation responses are currently difficult to detect but are expected to emerge and accelerate as warming increases and aerosol forcing diminishes. Precipitation increases with warming are expected to be smaller over land than ocean due to limitations on moisture convergence, exacerbated by feedbacks and affected by rapid adjustments. Thermodynamic increases in atmospheric moisture fluxes amplify wet and dry events, driving an intensification of precipitation extremes. The rate of intensification can deviate from a simple thermodynamic response due to in-storm and larger-scale feedback processes, while changes in large-scale dynamics and catchment characteristics further modulate the frequency of flooding in response to precipitation increases. Changes in atmospheric circulation in response to radiative forcing and evolving surface temperature patterns are capable of dominating water cycle changes in some regions. Moreover, the direct impact of human activities on the water cycle through water abstraction, irrigation, and land use change is already a significant component of regional water cycle change and is expected to further increase in importance as water demand grows with global population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Allan
- Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Barlow
- Department of Environmental Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Michael P Byrne
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annalisa Cherchi
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sezione di Bologna, INGV, Bologna, Italy
| | - Hervé Douville
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hayley J Fowler
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thian Y Gan
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Rosenfeld
- Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Laura J Wilcox
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Zolina
- L'Institut des Géosciences de l'Environnement/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, L'Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu G, Li X, Chiang HW, Cheng H, Yuan S, Chawchai S, He S, Lu Y, Aung LT, Maung PM, Tun WN, Oo KM, Wang X. On the glacial-interglacial variability of the Asian monsoon in speleothem δ 18O records. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8189. [PMID: 32095532 PMCID: PMC7015693 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While Asian monsoon (AM) changes have been clearly captured in Chinese speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) records, the lack of glacial-interglacial variability in the records remains puzzling. Here, we report speleothem δ18O records from three locations along the trajectory of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), a major branch of the AM, and characterize AM rainfall over the past 180,000 years. We have found that the records close to the monsoon moisture source show large glacial-interglacial variability, which then decreases landward. These changes likely reflect a stronger oxygen isotope fractionation associated with progressive rainout of AM moisture during glacial periods, possibly due to a larger temperature gradient and suppressed plant transpiration. We term this effect, which counteracts the forcing of glacial boundary conditions, the moisture transport pathway effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G. Liu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - X. Li
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - H.-W. Chiang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - H. Cheng
- Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - S. Yuan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - S. Chawchai
- Department of Geology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - S. He
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - Y. Lu
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| | - L. T. Aung
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Myanmar Earthquake Committee, Yangon 11052, Myanmar
| | - P. M. Maung
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar
| | - W. N. Tun
- Myanmar Earthquake Committee, Yangon 11052, Myanmar
| | - K. M. Oo
- Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Nay Pyi Taw 15011, Myanmar
| | - X. Wang
- Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Glacial-interglacial cycles have constituted a primary mode of climate variability over the last 2.6 million years of Earth's history. While glacial periods cannot be seen simply as a reverse analogue of future warming, they offer an opportunity to test our understanding of the response of precipitation patterns to a much wider range of conditions than we have been able to directly observe. This review explores key features of precipitation patterns associated with glacial climates, which include drying in large regions of the tropics and wetter conditions in substantial parts of the subtropics and midlatitudes. I describe the evidence for these changes and examine the potential causes of hydrological changes during glacial periods. Central themes that emerge include the importance of atmospheric circulation changes in determining glacial-interglacial precipitation changes at the regional scale, the need to take into account climatic factors beyond local precipitation amount when interpreting proxy data, and the role of glacial conditions in suppressing the strength of Northern Hemisphere monsoon systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David McGee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Modulation of Indian monsoon by water vapor and cloud feedback over the past 22,000 years. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5701. [PMID: 31836715 PMCID: PMC6911089 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To predict how monsoons will evolve in the 21st century, we need to understand how they have changed in the past. In paleoclimate literature, the major focus has been on the role of solar forcing on monsoons but not on the amplification by feedbacks internal to the climate system. Here we have used the results from a transient climate simulation to show that feedbacks amplify the effect of change in insolation on the Indian summer monsoon. We show that during the deglacial (22 ka to 10 ka) monsoons were predominantly influenced by rising water vapor due to increasing sea surface temperature, whereas in the Holocene (10 ka to 0 ka) cloud feedback was more important. These results are consistent with another transient simulation, thus increasing confidence despite potential model biases. We have demonstrated that insolation drives monsoon through different pathways during cold and warm periods, thereby highlighting the changing role of internal factors.
Collapse
|
24
|
Petrick B, Martínez-García A, Auer G, Reuning L, Auderset A, Deik H, Takayanagi H, De Vleeschouwer D, Iryu Y, Haug GH. Glacial Indonesian Throughflow weakening across the Mid-Pleistocene Climatic Transition. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16995. [PMID: 31740711 PMCID: PMC6861309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) controls the oceanic flux of heat and salt between the Pacific and Indian Oceans and therewith plays an important role in modulating the meridional overturning circulation and low latitude hydrological cycle. Here, we report new sea surface temperature and aridity records from the west coast of Australia (IODP Site U1460), which allow us to assess the sensitivity of the eastern Indian Ocean to the major reorganization of Earth’s climate that occurred during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition. Our records indicate glacial coolings at 1.55 and 0.65 million years ago that are best explained by a weakening of the ITF as a consequence of global sea level and tectonic changes. These coincide with the development of pronounced gradients in the carbon isotope composition of the different ocean basins and with substantial changes in regional aridity, suggesting that the restrictions of the ITF influenced both the evolution of global ocean circulation and the development of the modern hydrological cycle in Western Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Petrick
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Climate Geochemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alfredo Martínez-García
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Climate Geochemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerald Auer
- Department of Biogeochemistry Frontier Bldg, 4F, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Lars Reuning
- Kiel University, Institute for Geosciences, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 10, 24118, Kiel, Germany.,RWTH Aachen University, Geological Institute, Wüllnerstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Auderset
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Climate Geochemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hanaa Deik
- RWTH Aachen University, Geological Institute, Wüllnerstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hideko Takayanagi
- Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - David De Vleeschouwer
- MARUM-Center for Marine and Environmental Sciences, Klagenfurterstraße 2-4, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Yasufumi Iryu
- RWTH Aachen University, Geological Institute, Wüllnerstrasse 2, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerald H Haug
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Climate Geochemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Geologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Editorial summaries of selected papers relevant to Quaternary science published in high-impact multidisciplinary journals between December 2018 and February 2019 [...]
Collapse
|