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Hu L, Liu Y, Yuan Z, Guo H, Duan R, Ke P, Meng Y, Tian X, Xiao F. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase alleviates epileptic seizures by repressing reactive oxygen species production to promote signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors inhibition. Redox Biol 2024; 74:103236. [PMID: 38875958 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of epilepsy remains unclear; however, a prevailing hypothesis suggests that the primary underlying cause is an imbalance between neuronal excitability and inhibition. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is a key enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is primarily involved in deoxynucleic acid synthesis and antioxidant defense mechanisms and exhibits increased expression during the chronic phase of epilepsy, predominantly colocalizing with neurons. G6PD overexpression significantly reduces the frequency and duration of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Furthermore, G6PD overexpression enhances signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) expression, thus influencing N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors expression, and subsequently affecting seizure activity. Importantly, the regulation of STAT1 by G6PD appears to be mediated primarily through reactive oxygen species signaling pathways. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of G6PD in modulating epileptogenesis, and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ziwei Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haokun Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pingyang Ke
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Duan X, Han H, Liu J, Qiu Y, Wang Y, Wu X, Zhang H, Zou Z, Qiu J, Chen C, Xiao F, Tian X. Deferasirox exerts anti-epileptic effects by improving brain iron homeostasis via regulation of ITPRIP. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105725. [PMID: 38561151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy constitutes a global health concern, affecting millions of individuals and approximately one-third of patients exhibit drug resistance. Recent investigations have revealed alterations in cerebral iron content in both epilepsy patients and animal models. However, the extant literature lacks a comprehensive exploration into the ramifications of modulating iron homeostasis as an intervention in epilepsy. This study investigated the impact of deferasirox, a iron ion chelator, on epilepsy. This study unequivocally substantiated the antiepileptic efficacy of deferasirox in a kainic acid-induced epilepsy model. Furthermore, deferasirox administration mitigated seizure susceptibility in a pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling model. Conversely, the augmentation of iron levels through supplementation has emerged as a potential exacerbating factor in the precipitating onset of epilepsy. Intriguingly, our investigation revealed a hitherto unreported discovery: ITPRIP was identified as a pivotal modulator of excitatory synaptic transmission, regulating seizures in response to deferasirox treatment. In summary, our findings indicate that deferasirox exerts its antiepileptic effects through the precise targeting of ITPRIP and amelioration of cerebral iron homeostasis, suggesting that deferasirox is a promising and novel therapeutic avenue for interventions in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Duan
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Huifang Han
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaotian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jingfu Qiu
- Department of Health Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research(Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Major Brain Disease and Aging Research(Ministry of Education), Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Paul A, Nahar S, Nahata P, Sarkar A, Maji A, Samanta A, Karmakar S, Maity TK. Synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists: An exhaustive survey on the most recent chemical classes and their structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115990. [PMID: 38039791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1 or GPR40) is a potential target for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related disorders that have been extensively researched for many years. GPR40/FFAR1 is a promising anti-diabetic target because it can activate insulin, promoting glucose metabolism. It controls T2DM by regulating glucose levels in the body through two separate mechanisms: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and incretin production. In the last few years, various synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists have been discovered that fall under several chemical classes, viz. phenylpropionic acid, phenoxyacetic acid, and dihydrobenzofuran acetic acid. However, only a few synthetic agonists have entered clinical trials due to various shortcomings like poor efficacy, low lipophilicity and toxicity issues. As a result, pharmaceutical firms and research institutions are interested in developing synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists with superior effectiveness, lipophilicity, and safety profiles. This review encompasses the most recent research on synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists, including their chemical classes, design strategies and structure-activity relationships. Additionally, we have emphasised the structural characteristics of the most potent GPR40/FFAR1 agonists from each chemical class of synthetic derivatives and analysed their chemico-biological interactions. This work will hopefully pave the way for developing more potent and selective synthetic GPR40/FFAR1 agonists for treating T2DM and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhik Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Sourin Nahar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Pankaj Nahata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Avik Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Ajeya Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| | - Sanmoy Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India; Bioequivalence Study Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Tapan Kumar Maity
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, West Bengal, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
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Bhandari R, Varma M, Rana P, Dhingra N, Kuhad A. Taurine as a potential therapeutic agent interacting with multiple signaling pathways implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD): An in-silico analysis. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 15:170-177. [PMID: 37711998 PMCID: PMC10497788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.08.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a complex sequelae of neurodevelopmental disorders which manifest in the form of communication and social deficits. Currently, only two agents, namely risperidone and aripiprazole have been approved for the treatment of ASD, and there is a dearth of more drugs for the disorder. The exact pathophysiology of autism is not understood clearly, but research has implicated multiple pathways at different points in the neuronal circuitry, suggesting their role in ASD. Among these, the role played by neuroinflammatory cascades like the NF-KB and Nrf2 pathways, and the excitotoxic glutamatergic system, are said to have a bearing on the development of ASD. Similarly, the GPR40 receptor, present in both the gut and the blood brain barrier, has also been said to be involved in the disorder. Consequently, molecules which can act by interacting with one or multiple of these targets might have a potential in the therapy of the disorder, and for this reason, this study was designed to assess the binding affinity of taurine, a naturally-occurring amino acid, with these target molecules. The same was scored against these targets using in-silico docking studies, with Risperidone and Aripiprazole being used as standard comparators. Encouraging docking scores were obtained for taurine across all the selected targets, indicating promising target interaction. But the affinity for targets actually varied in the order NRF-KEAP > NF-κB > NMDA > Calcium channel > GPR 40. Given the potential implication of these targets in the pathogenesis of ASD, the drug might show promising results in the therapy of the disorder if subjected to further evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Manasi Varma
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry & CADD-Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Priyanka Rana
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry & CADD-Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry & CADD-Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC, Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Antonic-Baker A, Kwan P, Yan Y, Ma Y. CXCR5 Regulates Neuronal Polarity Development and Migration in the Embryonic Stage via F-Actin Homeostasis and Results in Epilepsy-Related Behavior. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1605-1622. [PMID: 37460877 PMCID: PMC10603003 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01087-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common, chronic neurological disorder that has been associated with impaired neurodevelopment and immunity. The chemokine receptor CXCR5 is involved in seizures via an unknown mechanism. Here, we first determined the expression pattern and distribution of the CXCR5 gene in the mouse brain during different stages of development and the brain tissue of patients with epilepsy. Subsequently, we found that the knockdown of CXCR5 increased the susceptibility of mice to pentylenetetrazol- and kainic acid-induced seizures, whereas CXCR5 overexpression had the opposite effect. CXCR5 knockdown in mouse embryos via viral vector electrotransfer negatively influenced the motility and multipolar-to-bipolar transition of migratory neurons. Using a human-derived induced an in vitro multipotential stem cell neurodevelopmental model, we determined that CXCR5 regulates neuronal migration and polarization by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton during various stages of neurodevelopment. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated that the knockdown of CXCR5 induced neuronal hyperexcitability, resulting in an increased number of seizures. Finally, our results suggested that CXCR5 deficiency triggers seizure-related electrical activity through a previously unknown mechanism, namely, the disruption of neuronal polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ana Antonic-Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick Kwan
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Yin Yan
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yuanlin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Yang X, Cao Q, Guo Y, He J, Xu D, Lin A. GSDMD knockdown attenuates phagocytic activity of microglia and exacerbates seizure susceptibility in TLE mice. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:193. [PMID: 37612735 PMCID: PMC10464294 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often characterized pathologically by severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Phagocytic activity of microglia is essential for clearing apoptotic neuronal debris, allowing for repair and regeneration. Our previous research has shown that gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE. However, whether GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis influences the accumulation of apoptotic neurons remains unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate whether phagocytic activity of microglia is involved in GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and the pathogenesis of TLE. METHODS To establish a TLE model, an intra-amygdala injection of kainic acid (KA) was performed. The Racine score and local field potential (LFP) recordings were used to assess seizure severity. Neuronal death in the bilateral hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining and TUNEL staining. Microglial morphology and phagocytic activity were detected by immunofluorescence and verified by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the P2Y12R agonist 2MeSADP. RESULTS GSDMD knockdown augmented the accumulation of apoptotic neurons and seizure susceptibility in TLE mice. Microglia activated and transition to the M1 type with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, GSDMD knockdown attenuated the migration and phagocytic activity of microglia. Of note, LPS-activated microglia attenuated seizure susceptibility and the accumulation of apoptotic neurons in TLE after GSDMD knockdown. A P2Y12R selective agonist, 2MeSADP, enhanced the migration and phagocytic activity of microglia. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that GSDMD knockdown exacerbates seizure susceptibility and the accumulation of apoptotic neurons by attenuating phagocytic activity of microglia. These findings suggest that GSDMD plays a protective role against KA-induced seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qingqing Cao
- Department of Neurology, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Bishan Hospital of Chongqing, No. 9 Shuangxing Road, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingchuan He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, No.6 Jizhao Road Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Demei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Aolei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road No. 154, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Liu J, Ke P, Guo H, Gu J, Liu Y, Tian X, Wang X, Xiao F. Activation of TLR7-mediated autophagy increases epileptic susceptibility via reduced KIF5A-dependent GABA A receptor transport in a murine model. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1159-1173. [PMID: 37258573 PMCID: PMC10317981 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis are poorly understood but are considered to actively involve an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Excessive activation of autophagy, a cellular pathway that leads to the removal of proteins, is known to aggravate the disease. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 is an innate immune receptor that regulates autophagy in infectious and noninfectious diseases. However, the relationship between TLR7, autophagy, and synaptic transmission during epileptogenesis remains unclear. We found that TLR7 was activated in neurons in the early stage of epileptogenesis. TLR7 knockout significantly suppressed seizure susceptibility and neuronal excitability. Furthermore, activation of TLR7 induced autophagy and decreased the expression of kinesin family member 5 A (KIF5A), which influenced interactions with γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR)-associated protein and GABAARβ2/3, thus producing abnormal GABAAR-mediated postsynaptic transmission. Our results indicated that TLR7 is an important factor in regulating epileptogenesis, suggesting a possible therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, 165 Xincheng Road, Chongqing, 404100, China
| | - Pingyang Ke
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haokun Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Fei Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Zhang X, Gu Y, Ma Y, Wu J, Chen Y, Tao K, Sun H, Liu Z, Wang X, Tian X. The Apelin/APJ system modulates seizure activity and endocytosis of the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit. Neurochem Int 2023; 167:105545. [PMID: 37169180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), the apelin/APJ system is broadly expressed. According to some studies, activation of this system protects against excitotoxicity mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and exerts neuroprotective effects. However, the role of this system in epilepsy remains unclear. In the present study, immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to assess APJ localization and expression in the brains of mice with recurrent spontaneous seizures induced by kainic acid (KA). Behavior and local field potentials (LFPs) were assessed in mice with KA-induced seizures. Susceptibility to seizures was assessed in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to evaluate the role of the apelin/APJ system in regulating synaptic transmission in brain slices from mice in which Mg2+-free medium was used to induce seizures. NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit expression and phosphorylation of GluN2B at Ser1480 were measured in the mouse hippocampus. APJ was primarily localized in neurons, and its expression was upregulated in the epileptic brain. APJ activation after KA-induced status epilepticus (SE) reduced epileptic activity, whereas APJ inhibition aggravated epileptic activity. In the PTZ model, APJ activation was reduced, and APJ inhibition increased susceptibility to seizures. The apelin/APJ system affected NMDA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents in patch-clamp recordings. Moreover, APJ regulated the levels of GluN2B phosphorylated at Ser1480 and the abundance of cell-surface GluN2B in neurons. Furthermore, endocytosis of the NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit was regulated by the apelin/APJ system. Together, our findings indicate that the apelin/APJ system modulates seizure activity and may be a novel therapeutic target for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanlin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Junhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kaiyan Tao
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Houchao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Wong TS, Li G, Li S, Gao W, Chen G, Gan S, Zhang M, Li H, Wu S, Du Y. G protein-coupled receptors in neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:177. [PMID: 37137892 PMCID: PMC10154768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are multifactorial disorders with diverse aetiological factors. Identifying treatment targets is challenging because the diseases are resulting from heterogeneous biological, genetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the increasing understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) opens a new possibility in drug discovery. Harnessing our knowledge of molecular mechanisms and structural information of GPCRs will be advantageous for developing effective drugs. This review provides an overview of the role of GPCRs in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, we highlight the emerging opportunities of novel GPCR targets and address recent progress in GPCR drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thian-Sze Wong
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Li
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyi Gan
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
- Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery, East China Normal University, 200062, Shanghai, China.
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Urology, The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, 518116, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Du
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 518172, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Kim DY, Sung JH. The effects of GPR40 agonists on hair growth are mediated by ANGPTL4. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114509. [PMID: 37002580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR40 is found primarily in pancreatic β cells, and is well known to regulate insulin secretion. Despite numerous studies on GPR40, the role and functions of GPR40 related to hair growth are not yet known. The current study investigated hair growth promoting effect of the GPR40 agonists and its mechanism of action using various bio-informatics tools, in vitro and animal experiments. GPR40 may affect the hair cycle, according to clustering and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Hair growth effect of GPR40 was validated by telogen-to-anagen transition and vibrissae organ culture in the mouse. GPR40 was predominantly expressed in the outer root sheath (ORS) in anagen stage, suggesting that ORS cell is the target of GPR40 agonists. To investigate the mechanism of action for GPR40 agonists' hair growth effect, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was performed and it revealed that GPR40 agonists were associated with angiogenesis. ANGPTL4, known for promoting angiogenesis, was highly up-regulated after GPR40 agonists treatment in the hORS cells, and also increased the proliferation and migration. Furthermore, GPR40 agonists promoted hair growth by inducing angiogenesis via ANGPTL4 in the animal experiment. GPR40 agonists activated MAPK and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ) pathway in hORS cells, while the inhibition of MAPK pathway attenuated ANGPTL4 expression. Finally, GPR40 agonists increased hair growth via autocrine effects in the ORS cells, and induced angiogenesis through paracrine effects by upregulating ANGPTL4 via p38 and PPARγ pathways. As a result, GPR40 agonists have potential as a therapeutic drug for hair loss treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo Yeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea; Epi Biotech Co., Ltd. Incheon, South Korea.
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11
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Wu J, Zhang H, Yang L, Chen Y, Li J, Yang M, Zhang X, He C, Wang X, Xu X. Syntaxin 7 modulates seizure activity in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106118. [PMID: 37031804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The exact pathogenesis of epilepsy, one of the most common and devastating diseases of the nervous system, is not fully understood. Syntaxin7 (STX7) is a member of the SNARE superfamily, which mediates membrane fusion events in all cells. However, the role STX7 plays in epilepsy remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the role of STX7 in epilepsy. Our study found that the expression of STX7 was reduced in the epileptic brain and that overexpression of STX7 decreased the susceptibility to epileptic seizures and alleviated epileptic activity in a kainic acid-induced model and pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling model of epilepsy, whereas the downregulation of STX7 showed opposite effects. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that STX7 does not affect the intrinsic excitability of neurons, but rather the excitation/inhibition ratio mediated by affecting the release of presynaptic γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitters. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that STX7 did not affect the density of inhibitory synapses but could affect the density of inhibitory vesicles. Taken together, these results reveal a previously unknown function of STX7 in epilepsy and suggest that STX7 may serve as a novel target for epilepsy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No.85 Jiefang South Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, No.118, Xingguang Avenue, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Changlong He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing 40016, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.
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12
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Lin A, Guo Y, Zhang H, Lin P, Tao K, Jiang L, Xu D, Chen B. GSDMD knockdown exacerbates hippocampal damage and seizure susceptibility by crosstalk between pyroptosis and apoptosis in kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166687. [PMID: 36921736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal loss is a vital pathological feature of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, the exact mechanism of neuronal loss in TLE is not fully understood. Pyroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death (PCD), has been considered a contributor to the pathogenesis of TLE. However, recent studies have implicated extensive molecular crosstalk among pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis in various diseases, and they can be transformed to each other according to different contexts. This study aimed to investigate whether gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE and whether crosstalk exists in the process of the modulation of pyroptosis. METHODS The TLE model was established by intra-amygdala injection of kainic acid. The Racine score and local field potential (LFP) recordings were used to assess seizure severity. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were applied to detect the levels and cellular localization of GSDMD. The neuronal loss and type of neuronal death in the bilateral hippocampus were assessed by Nissl staining and flow cytometry analysis. The underlying crosstalk among pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis was explored by western blot and verified by VX765. RESULTS GSDMD was significantly upregulated and mainly expressed within the neurons of the hippocampus in the TLE model. Inhibition of pyroptosis by GSDMD knockdown triggered caspase-3-mediated apoptosis, leading to excess neuronal loss and deterioration of epileptic behaviors. Blocking caspase-1 markedly inhibited caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and improved epileptic behaviors under GSDMD knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of TLE. However, inhibition of GSDMD triggers caspase-1-mediated crosstalk between pyroptosis and apoptosis, which exacerbates neuronal loss and seizure susceptibility. Therefore, the complex crosstalk among different forms of PCD should be considered when a potential molecular target in the single PCD pathway is modulated. On the other hand, along with further studies of molecular crosstalk among the PCD pathways, taking advantage of crosstalk to attenuate neuronal loss may provide new insight for the clinical therapy of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aolei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Anshan Road NO.154, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China; Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 32# W. Sec 2, 1st Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peijia Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kaiyan Tao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Demei Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 40030, China
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13
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Tang FL, Zhang XG, Ke PY, Liu J, Zhang ZJ, Hu DM, Gu J, Zhang H, Guo HK, Zang QW, Huang R, Ma YL, Kwan P. MBD5 regulates NMDA receptor expression and seizures by inhibiting Stat1 transcription. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106103. [PMID: 36997128 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered to result from an imbalance between excitation and inhibition of the central nervous system. Pathogenic mutations in the methyl-CpG binding domain protein 5 gene (MBD5) are known to cause epilepsy. However, the function and mechanism of MBD5 in epilepsy remain elusive. Here, we found that MBD5 was mainly localized in the pyramidal cells and granular cells of mouse hippocampus, and its expression was increased in the brain tissues of mouse models of epilepsy. Exogenous overexpression of MBD5 inhibited the transcription of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 gene (Stat1), resulting in increased expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit 1 (GluN1), 2A (GluN2A) and 2B (GluN2B), leading to aggravation of the epileptic behaviour phenotype in mice. The epileptic behavioural phenotype was alleviated by overexpression of STAT1 which reduced the expression of NMDARs, and by the NMDAR antagonist memantine. These results indicate that MBD5 accumulation affects seizures through STAT1-mediated inhibition of NMDAR expression in mice. Collectively, our findings suggest that the MBD5-STAT1-NMDAR pathway may be a new pathway that regulates the epileptic behavioural phenotype and may represent a new treatment target.
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14
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Zhong F, Gan Y, Song J, Zhang W, Yuan S, Qin Z, Wu J, Lü Y, Yu W. The inhibition of PGAM5 suppresses seizures in a kainate-induced epilepsy model via mitophagy reduction. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1047801. [PMID: 36618822 PMCID: PMC9813404 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1047801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy is a common neurological disease, and excessive mitophagy is considered as one of the major triggers of epilepsy. Mitophagy is a crucial pathway affecting reactive oxygen species. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is a protein phosphatase present in mitochondria that regulates many biological processes including mitophagy and cell death. However, the mechanism of PGAM5 in epilepsy remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether PGAM5 affects epilepsy through PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-mediated mitophagy. Methods After the knockdown of PGAM5 expression by the adeno-associated virus, an epilepsy model was created by kainic acid. Next, the seizure activity was recorded by local field potentials before evaluating the level of mitochondrial autophagy marker proteins. Lastly, the ultrastructure of mitochondria, neuronal damage and oxidative stress levels were further observed. Results A higher PGAM5 level was found in epilepsy, and its cellular localization was in neurons. The interactions between PGAM5 and PINK1 in epilepsy were further found. After the knockdown of PGAM5, the level of PINK1 and light chain 3B was decreased and the expression of the translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 23 and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 were both increased. Knockdown of PGAM5 also resulted in reduced neuronal damage, decreased malondialdehyde levels, decreased reactive oxygen species production and increased superoxide dismutase activity. In addition, the duration of spontaneous seizure-like events (SLEs), the number of SLEs and the time spent in SLEs were all reduced in the epilepsy model after inhibition of PGAM5 expression. Conclusion Inhibition of PGAM5 expression reduces seizures via inhibiting PINK1-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Zhong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhao Gan
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyun Yuan
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangjin Qin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Weihua Yu,
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15
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Sivakumar S, Ghasemi M, Schachter SC. Targeting NMDA Receptor Complex in Management of Epilepsy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101297. [PMID: 36297409 PMCID: PMC9609646 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS) and play critical roles in neuronal excitability in the CNS. Both clinical and preclinical studies have revealed that the abnormal expression or function of these receptors can underlie the pathophysiology of seizure disorders and epilepsy. Accordingly, NMDAR modulators have been shown to exert anticonvulsive effects in various preclinical models of seizures, as well as in patients with epilepsy. In this review, we provide an update on the pathologic role of NMDARs in epilepsy and an overview of the NMDAR antagonists that have been evaluated as anticonvulsive agents in clinical studies, as well as in preclinical seizure models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravan Sivakumar
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Mehdi Ghasemi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Steven C. Schachter
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Consortia for Improving Medicine with Innovation & Technology (CIMIT), Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (S.C.S.)
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16
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Yang M, Lin P, Jing W, Guo H, Chen H, Chen Y, Guo Y, Gu Y, He M, Wu J, Jiang X, Zou Z, Xu X, Chen C, Xiao F, Wang X, Tian X. Beclin1 Deficiency Suppresses Epileptic Seizures. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:807671. [PMID: 35935339 PMCID: PMC9354790 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.807671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common disease of the nervous system. Autophagy is a degradation process involved in epilepsy, and in turn, seizures can activate autophagy. Beclin1 plays a critical role in autophagy and participates in numerous physiological and pathological processes. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of Beclin1 on epilepsy remains unclear. In this study, we detected increased expression of Beclin1 in brain tissues from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Heterozygous disruption of beclin1 decreased susceptibility to epilepsy and suppressed seizure activity in two mouse epilepsy models. We further illustrated for the first time that heterozygous disruption of beclin1 suppresses excitatory synaptic transmission, which may be caused by a decreased dendritic spine density. These findings suggest for the first time that the regulation of Beclin1 may serve as a strategy for antiepileptic therapy. In addition, Beclin1 participates in synaptic transmission, and the development of dendritic spines may be a biological function of Beclin1 independent of its role in autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peijia Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Jing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haokun Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongnian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miaoqing He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhong Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Molecular Biology Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Research Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Chengzhi Chen,
| | - Fei Xiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Fei Xiao,
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Xuefeng Wang,
| | - Xin Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Xin Tian,
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Qin Z, Song J, Lin A, Yang W, Zhang W, Zhong F, Huang L, Lü Y, Yu W. GPR120 modulates epileptic seizure and neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:121. [PMID: 35624482 PMCID: PMC9137133 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complex pathophysiology of epilepsy hampers the development of effective treatments. Although more than ten kinds of anti-seizures drugs (ASDs) have good effects on seizure control worldwide, about 30% of patients still display pharmacoresistance against ASDs. Neuroinflammation seems to play a crucial role in disease progression. G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) has been shown to negatively regulate inflammation and apoptosis. However, the role of GPR120 in epilepsy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of GPR120 in epilepsy. Methods Male adult C57BL/6 mice were intracranially injected with kainic acid (KA) to establish epilepsy model, and the adeno associated virus (AAV) was administered intracranially at 3 weeks before KA injection. VX765 was administered by intragastric administration at 30 min before KA induced and an equal dose administrated twice a day (10 a.m. and 4 p.m.) lasting 7 days until the mice were killed. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence staining, video monitoring of seizure, LFP recording, Nissl staining were performed. Results GPR120 was increased in both the hippocampus and cortex in the KA-induced model with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and both were most highly expressed at 7 days after KA injection. Overexpression of GPR120 significantly alleviated epileptic activity, reduced neuronal death after status epilepticus (SE), downregulated the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, whereas knockdown GPR120 showed the opposite effect. The effects of GPR120 knockdown were reversed by VX765 inhibition cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1). Conclusion GPR120 modulates epileptic seizure activity and affects neuronal survival in KA-induced mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Furthermore, GPR120 regulated neuroinflammation in epileptic animals through NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangjin Qin
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Aolei Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fuxin Zhong
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lihong Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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18
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The Role of the NMDA Receptor in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Ellagic Acid in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Male Mice. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:9015842. [PMID: 35600241 PMCID: PMC9117013 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9015842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods In this experimental study, 64 mice were divided into 8 groups and received the following: normal saline; EA at doses of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg; NMDA agonist at a dose of 75 mg/kg; NMDA antagonist (ketamine) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg; an effective dose of EA plus NMDA agonist; and a subeffective dose of EA plus ketamine. We induced seizure using intravenous administration of PTZ. 60 minutes before induction of seizure, drugs were administrated. Duration lasts to seizure-induced was measured. Finally, the gene expression of NMDA receptor subunits (Nr2a and Nr2b) was assessed in the prefrontal cortex. Results Results showed that EA increased the seizure threshold and decreased the expression of Nr2a and Nr2b. We determined that ketamine potentiated and NMDA attenuated the effects of subeffective and effective doses of EA. Conclusion EA probably via attenuation of the NMDA-R pathway possesses an anticonvulsant effect in PTZ-induced seizure in mice.
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Zamarbide M, Martinez-Pinilla E, Gil-Bea F, Yanagisawa M, Franco R, Perez-Mediavilla A. Genetic Inactivation of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 3 Impedes Behavioral Deficits and Pathological Hallmarks in the APP swe Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073533. [PMID: 35408893 PMCID: PMC8999053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The free fatty acid FFA3 receptor (FFA3R) belongs to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In the intestine and adipose tissue, it is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, but its function in the brain is unknown. We aimed, first, to investigate the expression of the receptor in the hippocampus of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients at different stages of the disease and, second, to assess whether genetic inactivation of the Ffar3 gene could affect the phenotypic features of the APPswe mouse model. The expression of transcripts for FFA receptors in postmortem human hippocampal samples and in the hippocampus of wild-type and transgenic mice was analyzed by RT-qPCR. We generated a double transgenic mouse, FFA3R−/−/APPswe, to perform cognition studies and to assess, by immunoblotting Aβ and tau pathologies and the differential expression of synaptic plasticity-related proteins. For the first time, the occurrence of the FFA3R in the human hippocampus and its overexpression, even in the first stages of AD, was demonstrated. Remarkably, FFA3R−/−/APPswe mice do not have the characteristic memory impairment of 12-month-old APPswe mice. Additionally, this newly generated transgenic line does not develop the most important Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-related features, such as amyloid beta (Aβ) brain accumulations and tau hyperphosphorylation. These findings are accompanied by increased levels of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and lower activity of the tau kinases GSK3β and Cdk5. We conclude that the brain FFA3R is involved in cognitive processes and that its inactivation prevents AD-like cognitive decline and pathological hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zamarbide
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Martinez-Pinilla
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), 33003 Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil-Bea
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Rafael Franco
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Network Center, Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute “Carlos III”, 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (A.P.-M.); Tel.: +34-934021208 (R.F.); +34-948194700 (ext. 2033) (A.P.-M.)
| | - Alberto Perez-Mediavilla
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.Z.); (E.M.-P.); (F.G.-B.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.F.); (A.P.-M.); Tel.: +34-934021208 (R.F.); +34-948194700 (ext. 2033) (A.P.-M.)
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Zhou R, Wang Y, Cao X, Li Z, Yu J. Diazepam Monotherapy or Diazepam-Ketamine Dual Therapy at Different Time Points Terminates Seizures and Reduces Mortality in a Status Epilepticus Animal Model. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e934043. [PMID: 34866132 PMCID: PMC8662960 DOI: 10.12659/msm.934043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being refractory to drugs remains an urgent treatment problem in status epilepticus (SE). The fact that γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors (GABAARs) become internalized and inactive, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) become externalized and active during SE may explain the refractoriness to benzodiazepine. However, the real-time dynamic efficacy of antiepileptic drugs remains unclear. Therefore, we propose a hypothesis that diazepam monotherapy or diazepam-ketamine dual therapy could terminate seizures and reduce mortality in the SE model at different time points during ongoing SE. MATERIAL AND METHODS An SE model was established in adult Sprague-Dawley rats with lithium and pilocarpine. The GABAAR agonist diazepam was injected at 5, 10, 20, or 30 min when SE continued. In addition, diazepam and the NMDAR antagonist ketamine were injected at 10 to 60 min at 6 different time points. We measured seizure-free rates, seizure duration, degree of behavioral seizure, and mortality. RESULTS Diazepam monotherapy at 5 min and 10 min from the beginning of SE was able to terminate seizures and improved survival rates. Diazepam-ketamine dual therapy at 10 min, 20 min, and 30 min from the beginning of SE terminated seizures and achieved high survival rates. CONCLUSIONS In this parallel randomized controlled trial with a rat model, we found that diazepam monotherapy was an effective antiepileptic strategy at the early stage of SE less than 10 min after SE onset. If SE lasts more than 10 min but less than 30 min, the diazepam-ketamine dual therapy strategy may be an appropriate choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xing Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Juming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, PR China
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Altered expression of DENND5B in patients with epilepsy and its regulation of seizures in mice. Epilepsy Res 2021; 178:106817. [PMID: 34837825 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a high incidence neurological disease, and its repeated attacks cause serious physical and psychological damage to the patient. Differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells (DENN) domain containing 5B (DENND5B) is a lipoprotein binding protein that mediates synaptic vesicle transport and regulates neuroplasticity and lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, the effect of DENND5B on seizures remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of DENND5B with epilepsy, detect its expression and distribution in the nervous system, and explore its role in epileptogenesis through western blot, immunofluorescence staining, and behavioral studies. In this experiment, two C57BL/6 mice models, which induced seizures by pentylenetetrazole and kainic acid, were established. We observed that the expression of DENND5B was reduced in the brains of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, and its expression was also similarly decreased in both chronic epileptic mice. The findings strongly suggest that DENND5B may be associated with epileptic seizures. Results of immunofluorescence showed that DENND5B was mainly expressed in the hippocampal region and co-located with neurons but not with astrocytes. Next, we used lentivirus to induce both lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression and knockdown of DENND5B in mice to test the change of susceptibility and severity of seizures in the two chronic seizure models. Knockdown of DENND5B was found to promote epileptic seizures, increase chronic spontaneous recurrent epileptic seizures and epileptic discharge, and reduce the incubation period. However, overexpression of DENND5B showed the opposite effect. These results suggest that DENND5B overexpression decreased the behavioral phenotype of epileptic seizures, but DENND5B downregulation had the opposite effect. In summary, our findings suggest that DENND5B can regulate epileptic seizures and may provide a new target for antiepileptic therapy.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang J, Xu T, Tan C, Zhang P, Liu Q, Chen Y. G-alpha interacting protein interacting protein, C terminus 1 regulates epileptogenesis by increasing the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 28:126-138. [PMID: 34676980 PMCID: PMC8673704 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims It has been reported that the G‐alpha interacting protein (GAIP) interacting protein, C terminus 1 (GIPC1/GIPC) engages in vesicular trafficking, receptor transport and expression, and endocytosis. However, its role in epilepsy is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of GIPC1 in epilepsy and its possible underlying mechanism. Methods The expression patterns of GIPC1 in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in mice with kainic acid (KA)‐induced epilepsy were detected. Behavioral video monitoring and hippocampal local field potential (LFP) recordings were carried out to determine the role of GIPC1 in epileptogenesis after overexpression of GIPC1. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assay and high‐resolution immunofluorescence staining were conducted to investigate the relationship between GIPC1 and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7). In addition, the expression of mGluR7 after overexpression of GIPC1 was measured, and behavioral video monitoring and LFP recordings after antagonism of mGluR7 were performed to explore the possible mechanism mediated by GIPC1. Results GIPC1 was downregulated in the brain tissues of patients with TLE and mice with KA‐induced epilepsy. After overexpression of GIPC1, prolonged latency period, decreased epileptic seizures and reduced seizure severity in behavioral analyses, and fewer and shorter abnormal brain discharges in LFP recordings of KA‐induced epileptic mice were observed. The result of the Co‐IP assay showed the interaction between GIPC1 and mGluR7, and the high‐resolution immunofluorescence staining also showed the colocalization of these two proteins. Additionally, along with GIPC1 overexpression, the total and cell membrane expression levels of mGluR7 were also increased. And after antagonism of mGluR7, increased epileptic seizures and aggravated seizure severity in behavioral analyses and more and longer abnormal brain discharges in LFP recordings were observed. Conclusion GIPC1 regulates epileptogenesis by interacting with mGluR7 and increasing its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China.,Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Changhong Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Qiankun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chonqing, China
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Liu C, Cheng ZY, Xia QP, Hu YH, Wang C, He L. GPR40 receptor agonist TAK-875 improves cognitive deficits and reduces β-amyloid production in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2133-2146. [PMID: 34173034 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment. G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is expressed in brain in addition to periphery and is associated with cognitive function such as space orientation, memory, and learning. However, the effects and mechanisms of GPR40 agonist in improving the AD progression remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of a potent and selective GPR40 agonist TAK-875 on the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. RESULTS The results showed that intracerebroventricular administration of TAK-875 significantly rescued cognitive deficits in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice, and these effects may be mediated by the regulation of phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling pathway, which enhanced α-secretase ADAM10 activity, promoted amyloid precursor protein non-amyloidogenic processing pathway, and reduced β-amyloid production. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GPR40 may be a potential therapeutic target for AD, and GPR40 agonists may become promising AD drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Qing-Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Yu-Hui Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiang Su Province, China.
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Wang Z, Xie R, Yang X, Yin H, Li X, Liu T, Ma Y, Gao J, Zang Z, Ruan R, Li Y, Huang K, Chen Q, Shen K, Lv S, Zhang C, Yang H, Warner M, Gustafsson JA, Liu S, Fan X. Female mice lacking ERβ display excitatory/inhibitory synaptic imbalance to drive the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy. Theranostics 2021; 11:6074-6089. [PMID: 33897900 PMCID: PMC8058727 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a highly prevalent and drug-refractory neurological disorder characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Estrogen is identified to be proconvulsant and lowers the seizure threshold of female epilepsy. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been proposed to mediate neuroprotection in epilepsy, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Rationale: In this study, we investigated the role of ERβ in the epileptogenesis of female temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Methods: Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blots, Golgi staining, 1H MRS and whole-cell patch-clamp were used to evaluate ERβ expression, pathological changes, and synaptic excitation /inhibition (E/I) balance in female TLE patients and ovariectomized (OVX) chronic epileptic mice. Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings were recorded to evaluate the epileptic susceptibility in OVX WT and ERβ-/- mice. And high-throughput RNA-sequence was performed to identify differential expression genes (DEGs) which can elucidate the potential mechanism of ERβ regulating the seizure susceptibility. Results: ERβ expression was decreased in the brains of female TLE patients and OVX chronic epileptic mice. ERβ deletion enhanced seizure susceptibility and exacerbated the imbalance of synaptic E/I in hippocampal CA1 area of OVX epileptic mice. In line with these observations, RNA-sequence data further identified glutamine ligase (GLUL) as the target of ERβ involved in regulating synaptic E/I in CA1. Furthermore, ERβ agonist WAY-200070 markedly suppressed epileptic phenotypes and normalized GLUL expression in CA1 region of kainic acid (KA) induced OVX chronic epileptic model. Conclusions: Our data provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of female TLE, and indicate ERβ provides a new therapeutic strategy for female TLE patients.
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Zhao M, Wang Z, Yang M, Ding Y, Zhao M, Wu H, Zhang Y, Lu Q. The Roles of Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Autoimmune Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 60:220-243. [PMID: 33411320 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of plasma membrane receptors in nature and mediate the effects of a variety of extracellular signals, such as hormone, neurotransmitter, odor, and light signals. Due to their involvement in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes and their accessibility, GPCRs are widely used as pharmacological targets of treatment. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs) are GPCRs for which no natural ligands have been found, and they not only play important roles in various physiological functions, such as sensory perception, reproduction, development, growth, metabolism, and responsiveness, but are also closely related to many major diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Recently, many studies have reported that oGPCRs play increasingly important roles as key factors in the occurrence and progression of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, oGPCRs are likely to become potential therapeutic targets and may provide a breakthrough in the study of autoimmune diseases. In this article, we focus on reviewing the recent research progress and clinical treatment effects of oGPCRs in three common autoimmune diseases: multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), shedding light on novel strategies for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheyu Wang
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Maternal & Child Health Care Hospital Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Hainan Province Dermatol Disease Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precison Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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Wang Z, Huang K, Yang X, Shen K, Yang L, Ruan R, Shi X, Wang M, Zhu G, Yang M, Zhang C, Lv S, Yang H, Fan X, Liu S. Downregulated GPR30 expression in the epileptogenic foci of female patients with focal cortical dysplasia type IIb and tuberous sclerosis complex is correlated with 18 F-FDG PET-CT values. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:346-364. [PMID: 33314369 PMCID: PMC8018162 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCDIIb) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) are typical causes of developmental delay and refractory epilepsy. G‐protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is a specific estrogen receptor that is critical in neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, and neuronal excitability, suggesting that it plays a potential role in the epilepsy of patients with FCDIIb and TSC. Therefore, we investigated the role of GPR30 in patients with FCDIIb and TSC. We found that the expression of GPR30 and its downstream protein kinase A (PKA) pathway were decreased and negatively correlated with seizure frequency in female patients with FCDIIb and TSC, but not in male patients. GPR30 was widely distributed in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, and its downregulation was especially notable in microglia. The GPR30 agonist G‐1 increased the expression of PKA and p‐PKA in cultured cortical neurons, and the GPR30 antagonist G‐15 exhibited the opposite effects of G‐1. The NF‐κB signaling pathway was also activated in the specimens of female patients with FCDIIb and TSC, and was regulated by G‐1 and G‐15 in cultured cortical neurons. We also found that GPR30 regulated cortical neuronal excitability by altering the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents and the expression of NR2A/B. Further, the relationship between GPR30 and glycometabolism was evaluated by analyzing the correlations between GPR30 and 18F‐FDG PET‐CT values (standardized uptake values, SUVs). Positive correlations between GPR30 and SUVs were found in female patients, but not in male patients. Intriguingly, GPR30 expression and SUVs were significantly decreased in the epileptogenic tubers of female TSC patients, and ROC curves indicated that SUVs could predict the localization of epileptogenic tubers. Taken together, our results suggest a potential protective effect of GPR30 in the epileptogenesis of female patients with FCDIIb and TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongke Wang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kaixuan Huang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Kaifeng Shen
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ruotong Ruan
- Department of Basic Medical College, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjun Shi
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Zhu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, School of Psychology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Freitas RDS, Muradás TC, Dagnino APA, Rost FL, Costa KM, Venturin GT, Greggio S, da Costa JC, Campos MM. Targeting FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in cancer-induced cachexia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E877-E892. [PMID: 32893672 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00509.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acid (FFA) receptors FFA1 and FFA4 are omega-3 molecular targets in metabolic diseases; however, their function in cancer cachexia remains unraveled. We assessed the role of FFA1 and FFA4 receptors in the mouse model of cachexia induced by Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell implantation. Naturally occurring ligands such as α-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the synthetic FFA1/FFA4 agonists GW9508 and TUG891, or the selective FFA1 GW1100 or FFA4 AH7614 antagonists were tested. FFA1 and FFA4 expression and other cachexia-related parameters were evaluated. GW9508 and TUG891 decreased tumor weight in LLC-bearing mice. Regarding cachexia-related end points, ALA, DHA, and the preferential FFA1 agonist GW9508 rescued body weight loss. Skeletal muscle mass was reestablished by ALA treatment, but this was not reflected in the fiber cross-sectional areas (CSA) measurement. Otherwise, TUG891, GW1100, or AH7614 reduced the muscle fiber CSA. Treatments with ALA, GW9508, GW1100, or AH7614 restored white adipose tissue (WAT) depletion. As for inflammatory outcomes, ALA improved anemia, whereas GW9508 reduced splenomegaly. Concerning behavioral impairments, ALA and GW9508 rescued locomotor activity, whereas ALA improved motor coordination. Additionally, DHA improved grip strength. Notably, GW9508 restored abnormal brain glucose metabolism in different brain regions. The GW9508 treatment increased leptin levels, without altering uncoupling protein-1 downregulation in visceral fat. LLC-cachectic mice displayed FFA1 upregulation in subcutaneous fat, but not in visceral fat or gastrocnemius muscle, whereas FFA4 was unaltered. Overall, the present study shed new light on FFA1 and FFA4 receptors' role in metabolic disorders, indicating FFA1 receptor agonism as a promising strategy in mitigating cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel D S Freitas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thaís C Muradás
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A Dagnino
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L Rost
- Centro de Pesquisas em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kesiane M Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gianina T Venturin
- Centro de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul - BraIns), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Samuel Greggio
- Centro de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul - BraIns), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson C da Costa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Pré-Clínica, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul (Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul - BraIns), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria M Campos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Gu J, Lin H, Zhang Y, Xu T, Wang T, Xue X, Zhang W, Liu H. Activation of GPR40 Suppresses AGE-Induced Reduction of Type II Collagen and Aggrecan in Human SW1353 Chondrocytes. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2371-2379. [PMID: 32606604 PMCID: PMC7305341 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s239273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related chronic degenerative disease. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induces degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) and is considered a critical step toward the development and progression of OA. GPR40 is a well-known free fatty acid receptor, which possesses pleiotropic effects in different types of diseases. However, the biological function of GPR40 in OA is indistinct. The purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of the GPR40 agonist GW9508 on AGEs-treated chondrocytes. Materials and Methods Cultures of human SW1353 chondrocytes were stimulated with GW9508, followed by exposure to 100 µg/mL AGEs. Gene and protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5 were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA analysis. The levels of type II collagen, aggrecan, and nuclear NF-κB p65 were measured by Western blot analysis. A luciferase assay measured the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Results The results show that treatment with AGEs decreased the expression of GPR40 in human SW1353 chondrocytes. Treatment with GW9508 plays a beneficial role in protecting type II Collagen and aggrecan from degeneration by attenuating the expression of MMP-3, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5. Additionally, GW9508 reduces the appearance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppresses NF-κB activation in AGEs-induced chondrocytes. Notably, co-treatment with GW1100, a specific antagonist of GPR40, abolishes the beneficial role of GW9508 against AGEs, implying that GPR40 mediates these effects of GW9508. Conclusion Our results suggest that GPR40 is a novel therapeutic target for OA and that GPR40 agonists, including GW9508, may have therapeutic potential in preventing and slowing the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Second Affiliated Hospital of Center South University, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Xue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, People's Republic of China
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Yang J, Jiang Q, Yu X, Xu T, Wang Y, Deng J, Liu Y, Chen Y. STK24 modulates excitatory synaptic transmission in epileptic hippocampal neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:851-861. [PMID: 32436359 PMCID: PMC7366740 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A large amount of literature has indicated that excitatory synaptic transmission plays a crucial role in epilepsy, but the detailed pathogenesis still needs to be clarified. Methods In the present study, we used samples from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, pentylenetetrazole‐kindled mice, and Mg2+‐free‐induced epileptic cultured hippocampal neurons to detect the expression pattern of STK24. Then, the whole‐cell recording was carried out after STK24 overexpression in the Mg2+‐free‐induced epileptic cultured hippocampal neurons. In addition, coimmunoprecipitation was performed to detect the association between endogenous STK24 and main subunits of NMDARs and AMPARs in the hippocampus of PTZ‐kindled mice. Results Here, we reported that STK24 was specifically located in epileptic neurons of human and pentylenetetrazole‐kindled mice. Meanwhile, the expression of STK24 was significantly down‐regulated in these samples which are mentioned above. Besides, we found that the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents was increased in STK24 overexpressed epileptic hippocampal cultured neurons, which means the excitatory synaptic transmission was changed. Moreover, the coimmunoprecipitation, which further supported the previous experiment, indicated an association between STK24 and the subunits of the NMDA receptor. Conclusion These findings expand our understanding of how STK24 involved in the excitatory synaptic transmission in epilepsy and lay a foundation for exploring the possibility of STK24 as a drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - You Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yangmei Chen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Inhibition of NMDA Receptors Downregulates Astrocytic AQP4 to Suppress Seizures. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1283-1295. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Synaptic GluN2A-Containing NMDA Receptors: From Physiology to Pathological Synaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041538. [PMID: 32102377 PMCID: PMC7073220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate-gated receptors. NMDARs are tetramers composed by several homologous subunits of GluN1-, GluN2-, or GluN3-type, leading to the existence in the central nervous system of a high variety of receptor subtypes with different pharmacological and signaling properties. NMDAR subunit composition is strictly regulated during development and by activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Given the differences between GluN2 regulatory subunits of NMDAR in several functions, here we will focus on the synaptic pool of NMDARs containing the GluN2A subunit, addressing its role in both physiology and pathological synaptic plasticity as well as the contribution in these events of different types of GluN2A-interacting proteins.
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33
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He M, Jiang X, Zou Z, Qin X, Zhang S, Guo Y, Wang X, Tian X, Chen C. Exposure to carbon black nanoparticles increases seizure susceptibility in male mice. Nanotoxicology 2020; 14:595-611. [PMID: 32091294 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1728412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) can enter the central nervous system through blood circulation and olfactory nerves, affecting brain development or increasing neurological disease susceptibility. However, whether CBNPs exposure affects seizure is unclear. Herein, mice were exposed to two different doses of CBNPs (21 and 103 μg/animal) based on previous studies and the maximum exposure limitation (4 mg/m3) in occupational workplaces set by the Chinese government. In the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and kainic acid (KA) seizure models, high-dose CBNPs exposure increased seizure susceptibility in both models and increased spontaneous recurrent seizure (SRS) frequency in the KA model. In vivo local field potential (LFP) recording in KA model mice revealed that both low-dose and high-dose CBNPs exposure increased seizure-like event (SLE) frequency in the SRS interval but shortened SLE duration. Intriguingly, H&E staining and Nissl staining on brain tissue revealed that CBNPs exposure did not cause significant brain tissue morphology or neuronal damage. Detection of inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-1β, and IL-6, in brain tissue showed that only high dose of CBNPs exposure increased the expression of cortical TGF-β1. By using the primary cultured neurons, we observed that CBNPs exposure not only significantly decreased the expression of the neuronal marker MAP2 but also enhanced the levels of action potential frequency in the neurons. In general, CBNPs exposure can affect abnormal epileptic discharges during the seizure interval and enhance susceptibility to frequent seizures. Our findings suggest that minimizing CBNPs exposure may be a potential way to prevent or ease seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoqing He
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Dongsheng Lung-Brain Diseases Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Dongsheng Lung-Brain Diseases Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Lum GR, Olson CA, Hsiao EY. Emerging roles for the intestinal microbiome in epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 135:104576. [PMID: 31445165 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is emerging as a key regulator of brain function and behavior and is associated with symptoms of several neurological disorders. There is emerging evidence that alterations in the gut microbiota are seen in epilepsy and in response to seizure interventions. In this review, we highlight recent studies reporting that individuals with refractory epilepsy exhibit altered composition of the gut microbiota. We further discuss antibiotic treatment and infection as microbiome-related factors that influence seizure susceptibility in humans and animal models. In addition, we evaluate how the microbiome may mediate effects of the ketogenic diet, probiotic treatment, and anti-epileptic drugs on reducing both seizure frequency and severity. Finally, we assess the open questions in interrogating roles for the microbiome in epilepsy and address the prospect that continued research may uncover fundamental insights for understanding risk factors for epilepsy, as well as novel approaches for treating refractory epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Lum
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christine A Olson
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Peng X, Yan Y, Chen R, Wang X, Xu X. Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of magnesium valproate versus sodium valproate in acute seizures. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:271-276. [PMID: 31775535 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1699520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of magnesium valproate and sodium valproate as monotherapies in patients with epilepsy in China.Methods: We recruited patients admitted with seizures over a two-year period. All patients underwent early neurological assessments, electroencephalogram testing, and neuroimaging. The treatments received at baseline and at one year of follow-up were compared.Results: In total, 175 patients were included. The retention rates of the magnesium valproate and sodium valproate treatments were 73.1% and 64.2%, respectively. The main cause of discontinuation was the development of intolerable adverse events. The retention rate and total effective rate in the magnesium valproate group were significantly higher than those in the sodium valproate group (73.1% and 70.2% versus 64.2% and 47.2%, respectively). The safety endpoints included 120 patients (magnesium valproate: n = 67; sodium valproate: n = 53). The incidence of adverse events in the magnesium valproate group was significantly lower than that in the sodium valproate group (30% versus 51%).Conclusions: Magnesium valproate treatment shows favorable safety and tolerability and is associated with markedly improved seizure control. Ideally, future large, prospective, randomized, and double-blind studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yin Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Protrudin modulates seizure activity through GABA A receptor regulation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:897. [PMID: 31772151 PMCID: PMC6879747 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a serious neurological disease characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. The exact etiology of epilepsy is not fully understood. Protrudin is a neural membrane protein and is found to be mutated in hereditary spastic paraplegia that characterized by symptoms like seizures. Here, we reported that the expression of protrudin was downregulated in the temporal neocortex of epileptic patients and in the hippocampus and cortex of pentylenetetrazol and kainic acid-kindled epileptic mouse models. Behavioral and electroencephalogram analyses indicated that overexpression of protrudin in the mouse hippocampus increased the latency of the seizure and decreased the frequency and duration of seizure activity. Using whole-cell patch clamp, overexpression of protrudin in the mouse hippocampus resulted in a reduction in action potential frequency and an increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory current amplitude. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that the membrane expression of the GABA A receptor β2/3 subunit was also upregulated after protrudin overexpression, and coimmunoprecipitation resulted in a protein–protein interaction between protrudin, GABAARβ2/3 and GABA receptor-associated protein in the hippocampus of epileptic mice. These findings suggest that protrudin probably inhibits the occurrence and development of epilepsy through the regulation of GABAA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission, and protrudin might be a promising target for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Asgharzadeh F, Hosseini M, Bargi R, Soukhtanloo M, Beheshti F, Mohammady Z, Anaeigoudari A. Effect of Captopril on Brain Oxidative Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice . PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2019.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Frequent seizure is followed by overproduction of free radicals and brain oxidative stress. Renin angiotensin system (RAS) has some effects on central nervous system. We designed this research to challenge the effect of captopril as an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor against brain oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -induced seizures in mice. Methods: The groups were including (1) Control (saline); (2) PTZ (100 mg/kg, i.p.), (3-5) PTZ- captopril (Capto) that received three doses of Capto 10, 50 and 100 mg/kg 30 min before PTZ injection. Latency time in the onset minimal clonic seizures (MCS) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) were recorded. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total thiol, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity in the hippocampus and cortex were measured. Results: All doses of captopril postponed the onset of MCS and GTCS. Accumulation of MDA in the brain tissues of PTZ group was higher than control group, while total thiol content and CAT activity were lower. Pretreatment with captopril (100 mg/kg) diminished MDA concentration compared with PTZ group. Captopril (50 and 100 mg/kg) also increased the level of total thiol groups versus PTZ group. Captopril injection (50 and 100 mg/kg) elevated the activity of SOD and CAT in the brain tissues. In addition captopril administration diminished mortality rate caused by PTZ. Conclusion: Findings demonstrated that convulsions caused by PTZ were followed by oxidative stress status in the brain tissues. Pretreatment with captopril attenuated the effect of PTZ on brain tissue oxidative damage.<br />
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rahimeh Bargi
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mohammady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akbar Anaeigoudari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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Yang Q, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng F, Hu Y, Liu H, Zhu S, He M, Xu D, Li Y, Yang M, Yang Y, Wei X, Gao X, Wang W, Ma J, Ma Y, Wang X, Wang Q. Inhibition of Nwd1 activity attenuates neuronal hyperexcitability and GluN2B phosphorylation in the hippocampus. EBioMedicine 2019; 47:470-483. [PMID: 31474551 PMCID: PMC6796588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NACHT and WD repeat domain-containing protein 1 (Nwd1) is a member of the innate immune protein subfamily. Nwd1 contributes to the androgen receptor signaling pathway and is involved in axonal growth. However, the mechanisms that underlie pathophysiological dysfunction in seizures remain unclear. METHODS Biochemical methods were used to assess Nwd1 expression and localization in a mouse model of kainic acid (KA)-induced acute seizures and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. Electrophysiological recordings were used to measure the role of Nwd1 in regulating synaptic transmission and neuronal hyperexcitability in a model of magnesium-free-induced seizure in vitro. Behavioral experiments were performed, and seizure-induced pathological changes were evaluated in a KA-induced seizure model in vivo. GluN2B expression was measured and its correlation with Tyr1472-GluN2B phosphorylation was analyzed in primary hippocampal neurons. FINDINGS We demonstrated high protein levels of Nwd1 in brain tissues obtained from mice with acute seizures and TLE patients. Silencing Nwd1 in mice using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) profoundly suppressed neuronal hyperexcitability and the occurrence of acute seizures, which may have been caused by reducing GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor-dependent glutamatergic synaptic transmission. Moreover, the decreased activation of Nwd1 reduced GluN2B expression and the phosphorylation of the GluN2B subunit at Tyr1472. INTERPRETATION Here, we report a previously unrecognized but important role of Nwd1 in seizure models in vitro and in vivo, i.e., modulating the phosphorylation of the GluN2B subunit at Tyr1472 and regulating neuronal hyperexcitability. Meanwhile, our findings may provide a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of epilepsy or other hyperexcitability-related neurological disorders. FUND: The funders have not participated in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation, or writing of the report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China; Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Yangfu Luo
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Fangshuo Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yida Hu
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Miaoqing He
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Demei Xu
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Junhong Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Yuanlin Ma
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The first Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100101, PR China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510282, PR China.
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Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition Attenuates Excitotoxicity Involving 14,15-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid–Mediated Astrocytic Survival and Plasticity to Preserve Glutamate Homeostasis. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:8451-8474. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Falomir-Lockhart LJ, Cavazzutti GF, Giménez E, Toscani AM. Fatty Acid Signaling Mechanisms in Neural Cells: Fatty Acid Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:162. [PMID: 31105530 PMCID: PMC6491900 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are typically associated with structural and metabolic roles, as they can be stored as triglycerides, degraded by β-oxidation or used in phospholipids’ synthesis, the main components of biological membranes. It has been shown that these lipids exhibit also regulatory functions in different cell types. FAs can serve as secondary messengers, as well as modulators of enzymatic activities and substrates for cytokines synthesis. More recently, it has been documented a direct activity of free FAs as ligands of membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear receptors, and cumulative evidence has emerged, demonstrating its participation in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. It has been long known that the central nervous system is enriched with poly-unsaturated FAs, such as arachidonic (C20:4ω-6) or docosohexaenoic (C22:6ω-3) acids. These lipids participate in the regulation of membrane fluidity, axonal growth, development, memory, and inflammatory response. Furthermore, a whole family of low molecular weight compounds derived from FAs has also gained special attention as the natural ligands for cannabinoid receptors or key cytokines involved in inflammation, largely expanding the role of FAs as precursors of signaling molecules. Nutritional deficiencies, and alterations in lipid metabolism and lipid signaling have been associated with developmental and cognitive problems, as well as with neurodegenerative diseases. The molecular mechanism behind these effects still remains elusive. But in the last two decades, different families of proteins have been characterized as receptors mediating FAs signaling. This review focuses on different receptors sensing and transducing free FAs signals in neural cells: (1) membrane receptors of the family of G Protein Coupled Receptors known as Free Fatty Acid Receptors (FFARs); (2) cytosolic transport Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins (FABPs); and (3) transcription factors Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs). We discuss how these proteins modulate and mediate direct regulatory functions of free FAs in neural cells. Finally, we briefly discuss the advantages of evaluating them as potential targets for drug design in order to manipulate lipid signaling. A thorough characterization of lipid receptors of the nervous system could provide a framework for a better understanding of their roles in neurophysiology and, potentially, help for the development of novel drugs against aging and neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Jorge Falomir-Lockhart
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gian Franco Cavazzutti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Giménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés Martín Toscani
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), Centro Científico Tecnológico - La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
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41
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Alavi MS, Karimi G, Roohbakhsh A. The role of orphan G protein-coupled receptors in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis: A review. Life Sci 2019; 224:33-40. [PMID: 30904492 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of transmembrane proteins that are expressed in many organs and serve as important drug targets. A new subgroup, namely orphan GPCRs, comprising many of these receptors has been discovered. These receptors exhibit diverse physiological functions and have been considered in many neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis (MS). GPR17, GPR30, GPR37, GPR40, GPR50, GPR54, GPR56, GPR65, GPR68, GPR75, GPR84, GPR97, GPR109, GPR124, and GPR126 are orphan GPCRs that have been reported with considerable effects in the prevention and/or treatment of MS in preclinical studies. In the present article, we reviewed the most recent findings regarding the role of orphan GPCRs in the treatment of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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42
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Zhang W, Du Y, Zou Y, Luo J, Lü Y, Yu W. Smad Anchor for Receptor Activation and Phospho-Smad3 Were Upregulated in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:91-98. [PMID: 30847724 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) is an important regulator of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling by recruiting Smad2/3 to TGF-β receptors. We recently demonstrated that the expressions of SARA and level of downstream phospho-Smad3 (p-Smad3) were upregulated in the brain in the epileptic rat model, but were never examined in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this study, we examined the expressions of SARA and level of p-Smad3 in brain tissues of TLE patients using immunohistochemistry and western blot to demonstrate that SARA activation in neurons is sufficient to facilitate TGF- β pathway in patients to regulate epilepsy. We found that the expressions of SARA and level of p-Smad3 were significantly upregulated in neurons of the temporal cortex of TLE patients compared to controls. Moreover, SARA and p-Smad3 were strongly stained in the cytoplasm in the temporal cortex of TLE patients. Our results indicate that upregulation of SARA and p-Smad3 in cortex neurons might be involved in the development of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yingshi Du
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Human Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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