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Liang C, Spoerl S, Xiao Y, Habenicht KM, Haeusl SS, Sandner I, Winkler J, Strieder N, Eder R, Stanewsky H, Alexiou C, Dudziak D, Rosenwald A, Edinger M, Rehli M, Hoffmann P, Winkler TH, Berberich-Siebelt F. Oligoclonal CD4 +CXCR5 + T cells with a cytotoxic phenotype appear in tonsils and blood. Commun Biol 2024; 7:879. [PMID: 39025930 PMCID: PMC11258247 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical situations, peripheral blood accessible CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ T-follicular helper (TFH) cells may have to serve as a surrogate indicator for dysregulated germinal center responses in tissues. To determine the heterogeneity of TFH cells in peripheral blood versus tonsils, CD3+CD4+CD45RA-CXCR5+ cells of both origins were sorted. Transcriptomes, TCR repertoires and cell-surface protein expression were analysed by single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Reassuringly, all blood-circulating CD3+CD4+CXCR5+ T-cell subpopulations also appear in tonsils, there with some supplementary TFH characteristics, while peripheral blood-derived TFH cells display markers of proliferation and migration. Three further subsets of TFH cells, however, with bona fide T-follicular gene expression patterns, are exclusively found in tonsils. One additional, distinct and oligoclonal CD4+CXCR5+ subpopulation presents pronounced cytotoxic properties. Those 'killer TFH (TFK) cells' can be discovered in peripheral blood as well as among tonsillar cells but are located predominantly outside of germinal centers. They appear terminally differentiated and can be distinguished from all other TFH subsets by expression of NKG7 (TIA-1), granzymes, perforin, CCL5, CCR5, EOMES, CRTAM and CX3CR1. All in all, this study provides data for detailed CD4+CXCR5+ T-cell assessment of clinically available blood samples and extrapolation possibilities to their tonsil counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunguang Liang
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina M Habenicht
- Division of Genetics, Department Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrun S Haeusl
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Sandner
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Winkler
- Department of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Foundation-Professorship, Section of Experimental Oncology & Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Edinger
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Rehli
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Hoffmann
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Division of Genetics, Department Biology, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Yap XL, Chen JA. Elucidation of how the Mir-23-27-24 cluster regulates development and aging. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1263-1271. [PMID: 38871817 PMCID: PMC11263685 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators of gene expression and are involved in biological processes spanning from early developmental stages to the intricate process of aging. Extensive research has underscored the fundamental role of miRNAs in orchestrating eukaryotic development, with disruptions in miRNA biogenesis resulting in early lethality. Moreover, perturbations in miRNA function have been implicated in the aging process, particularly in model organisms such as nematodes and flies. miRNAs tend to be clustered in vertebrate genomes, finely modulating an array of biological pathways through clustering within a single transcript. Although extensive research of their developmental roles has been conducted, the potential implications of miRNA clusters in regulating aging remain largely unclear. In this review, we use the Mir-23-27-24 cluster as a paradigm, shedding light on the nuanced physiological functions of miRNA clusters during embryonic development and exploring their potential involvement in the aging process. Moreover, we advocate further research into the intricate interplay among miRNA clusters, particularly the Mir-23-27-24 cluster, in shaping the regulatory landscape of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Le Yap
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-An Chen
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Yang Q, Zhuo Z, Qiu X, Luo R, Guo K, Wu H, Jiang R, Li J, Lian Q, Chen P, Sha W, Chen H. Adverse clinical outcomes and immunosuppressive microenvironment of RHO-GTPase activation pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:122. [PMID: 38297333 PMCID: PMC10832138 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that Rho GTPases play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, but their involvement in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. METHODS We aim to develop a tumor prognosis prediction system called the Rho GTPases-related gene score (RGPRG score) using Rho GTPase signaling genes and further bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS Our work found that HCC patients with a high RGPRG score had significantly worse survival and increased immunosuppressive cell fractions compared to those with a low RGPRG score. Single-cell cohort analysis revealed an immune-active TME in patients with a low RGPRG score, with strengthened communication from T/NK cells to other cells through MIF signaling networks. Targeting these alterations in TME, the patients with high RGPRG score have worse immunotherapeutic outcomes and decreased survival time in the immunotherapy cohort. Moreover, the RGPRG score was found to be correlated with survival in 27 other cancers. In vitro experiments confirmed that knockdown of the key Rho GTPase-signaling biomarker SFN significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insight into the TME features and clinical use of Rho GTPase gene pattern at the bulk-seq and single-cell level, which may contribute to guiding personalized treatment and improving clinical outcome in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinqi Qiu
- Cancer Prevention Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China
| | - Kehang Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Huihuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518118, Guangdong, China.
- Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Eugenics and Perinatology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, SAR, China.
| | - Pengfei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Niu H, Wang H. TOX regulates T lymphocytes differentiation and its function in tumor. Front Immunol 2023; 14:990419. [PMID: 36969216 PMCID: PMC10035881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.990419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) is expressed differently at all T lymphocytes development stages. Owing to more advanced scientific and technological means, including single-cell sequencing technology, heterogeneity of T lymphocytes and TOX has gradually been revealed. Further exploration of such heterogeneity will help us comprehend the developmental stage and functional characteristics of T lymphocytes in greater detail. Emerging evidence supports its regulation not only in exhausting, but also in activating T lymphocytes, thereby verifying TOX heterogeneity. TOX can be used not only as a latent intervention target for tumor diseases and chronic infections, and a therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases, but also as a critical factor predicting the drug response and overall survival of patients with malignant tumors.
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5
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Studies on the role of non-coding RNAs in controlling the activity of T cells in asthma. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:211-217. [PMID: 36865391 PMCID: PMC9972402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma, commonly known as asthma, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation, increased responsiveness and changes in airway structure. T cells, particularly T helper cells, play a crucial role in the disease. Non-coding RNAs, which are RNAs that do not code for proteins, mainly include microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, play a role in regulating various biological processes. Studies have shown that non-coding RNAs have an important role in the activation and transformation of T cells and other biological processes in asthma. The specific mechanisms and clinical applications are worth further examination. This article reviews the recent research on the role of microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs in T cells in asthma.
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6
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Liu S, Yang Y, Zeng L, Wang L, He C, Chen Z, Sun J, Lyu T, Wang M, Chen H, Zhang F. TOX promotes follicular helper T cell differentiation in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:946-957. [PMID: 35713502 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether naive CD4+ T cells are dysregulated and associated with the overactivation of CD4+ T cells in primary SS (pSS) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of naive CD4+ T cells in pSS. METHODS We examined the activation, proliferation and differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells from pSS patients and healthy controls. Differentially expressed genes were identified using RNA sequencing, and were overexpressed or silenced to determine the gene regulating follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) with chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) was performed to explore the epigenetic mechanism. Naive CD4+ T cells were treated with pSS-related cytokines to explore the upstream signalling pathway. RESULTS pSS naive CD4+ T cells had higher potentials of activation, proliferation and differentiation towards Tfh cells. Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) was upregulated in pSS naive CD4+ T cells and promoted T cell activation and Tfh cell polarization. TOX silencing in pSS naive CD4+ T cells downregulated B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) expression and altered levels of multiple Tfh-associated genes. ChIP-seq analysis implied that TOX bound to the BCL6 locus, where there were accessible regions found by ATAC-seq. IFN-α induced TOX overexpression, which was attenuated by Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) inhibitors. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that TOX in pSS naive CD4+ T cells is upregulated, which facilitates Tfh cell differentiation. Mechanistically, IFN-α induces TOX overexpression in naive CD4+ T cells through JAK-STAT1 signalling and TOX regulates BCL6 expression. Therefore, IFN-α-JAK-STAT1 signalling and TOX might be potential therapeutic targets in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suying Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Yanlei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Liuting Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Chengmei He
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Zhilei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Jinlei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Taibiao Lyu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Mu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education
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Jiang T, Sun L, Zhu J, Li N, Gu H, Zhang Y, Li M, Xu J. MicroRNA-23a-3p promotes macrophage M1 polarization and aggravates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating PLK1/STAT1/STAT3 signalling. Int J Exp Pathol 2022; 103:198-207. [PMID: 35739646 PMCID: PMC9482356 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is an important effector process in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by sepsis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important players in regulating ALI process. Here, we showed that elevated microRNA-23a-3p (miR-23a-3p) promoted LPS-induced macrophage polarization and ALI in mice, while inhibition of miR-23a-3p led to reduced macrophage response and ameliorated ALI inflammation. Mechanically, miR-23a-3p regulated macrophage M1 polarization through targeting polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). PLK1 was downregulated in LPS-treated macrophages and ALI mouse lung tissues. Knockdown of PLK1 increased macrophage M1 polarization through promoting STAT1/STAT3 activation, while overexpression of PLK1 reduced macrophage immune response. Collectively, our results reveal a key miRNA regulon that regulates macrophage polarization for LPS-induced immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Haibo Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityYiwuChina
| | - Jiayao Xu
- Department of EmergencyTiantai Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeTiantaiChina
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8
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Yuan F, Wang Y, Cai X, Du C, Zhu J, Tang C, Yang J, Ma C. N6-methyladenosine-related microRNAs risk model trumps the isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation status as a predictive biomarker for the prognosis and immunotherapy in lower grade gliomas. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:553-569. [PMID: 36226036 PMCID: PMC9549064 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Lower grade gliomas [LGGs; World Health Organization (WHO) grades 2 and 3], owing to the heterogeneity of their clinical behavior, present a therapeutic challenge to neurosurgeons. The aim of this study was to explore the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification landscape in the LGGs and to develop an m6A-related microRNA (miRNA) risk model to provide new perspectives for the treatment and prognostic assessment of LGGs. Methods Messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA expression data of LGGs were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases. An m6A-related miRNA risk model was constructed via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), univariate, and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Next, Kaplan-Meier analysis, principal-component analysis (PCA), functional enrichment analysis, immune infiltrate analysis, dynamic nomogram, and drug sensitivity prediction were used to evaluate this risk model. Results Firstly, six m6A-related miRNAs with independent prognostic value were selected based on clinical information and used to construct a risk model. Subsequently, compared with low-risk group, LGGs in the high-risk group had a higher m6A writer and reader scores, but a lower eraser score. Moreover, LGGs in the high-risk group had a significantly worse clinical prognosis than those in the low-risk group. Simultaneously, this risk model outperformed other clinicopathological variables in the prognosis prediction of LGGs. Immune infiltrate analysis revealed that the proportion of M2 macrophages, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and the expression levels of exhausted immune response markers were significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. Finally, this study constructed an easy-to-use and free dynamic nomogram to help clinicians use this risk model to aid in diagnosis and prognosis assessment. Conclusions This study developed a m6A-related risk model and uncovered two different m6A modification landscapes in LGGs. Moreover, this risk model may provide guidance and help in clinical prognosis assessment and immunotherapy response prediction for LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingshuai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, 80807 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiangming Cai
- School of Medicine, Southeast university, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaonan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chiyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast university, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Jinling Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
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9
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Tang F, Zhou Z, Huang K, Deng W, Lin J, Chen R, Li M, Xu F. MicroRNAs in the regulation of Th17/Treg homeostasis and their potential role in uveitis. Front Genet 2022; 13:848985. [PMID: 36186459 PMCID: PMC9515448 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.848985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Th17 and regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Th17/Treg homeostasis is critically involved in maintaining the immune balance. Disturbed Th17/Treg homeostasis contributes to the progression of autoimmune diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a new vital factor in the regulation of disturbed Th17/Treg homeostasis. To better understand the epigenetic mechanisms of miRNAs in regulating Treg/Th17 homeostasis, we included and evaluated 97 articles about autoimmune diseases and found that miRNAs were involved in the regulation of Treg/Th17 homeostasis from several aspects positively or negatively, including Treg differentiation and development, Treg induction, Treg stability, Th17 differentiation, and Treg function. Uveitis is one of the ocular autoimmune diseases, which is also characterized with Th17/Treg imbalance. However, our understanding of the miRNAs in the pathogenesis of uveitis is elusive and not well-studied. In this review, we further summarized miRNAs found to be involved in autoimmune uveitis and their potential role in the regulation of Th17/Treg homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Min Li
- *Correspondence: Fan Xu, ; Min Li,
| | - Fan Xu
- *Correspondence: Fan Xu, ; Min Li,
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10
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Han J, Wan M, Ma Z, He P. The TOX subfamily: all-round players in the immune system. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:268-280. [PMID: 35485425 PMCID: PMC9226143 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The thymocyte selection-related HMG box protein (TOX) subfamily comprises evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding proteins, and is expressed in certain immune cell subsets and plays key roles in the development of CD4+ T cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and in CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Although its roles in CD4+ T and natural killer (NK) cells have been extensively studied, recent findings have demonstrated previously unknown roles for TOX in the development of ILCs, Tfh cells, as well as CD8+ T-cell exhaustion; however, the molecular mechanism underlying TOX regulation of these immune cells remains to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss recent studies on the influence of TOX on the development of various immune cells and CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and the roles of specific TOX family members in the immune system. Moreover, this review suggests candidate regulatory targets for cell therapy and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Minjie Wan
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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11
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Wang ZX, Luo ZW, Li FXZ, Cao J, Rao SS, Liu YW, Wang YY, Zhu GQ, Gong JS, Zou JT, Wang Q, Tan YJ, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Li YY, Yin H, Wang XK, He ZH, Ren L, Liu ZZ, Hu XK, Yuan LQ, Xu R, Chen CY, Xie H. Aged bone matrix-derived extracellular vesicles as a messenger for calcification paradox. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1453. [PMID: 35304471 PMCID: PMC8933454 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) instead of osteoblast formation contributes to age- and menopause-related marrow adiposity and osteoporosis. Vascular calcification often occurs with osteoporosis, a contradictory association called “calcification paradox”. Here we show that extracellular vesicles derived from aged bone matrix (AB-EVs) during bone resorption favor BMSC adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis and augment calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells. Intravenous or intramedullary injection of AB-EVs promotes bone-fat imbalance and exacerbates Vitamin D3 (VD3)-induced vascular calcification in young or old mice. Alendronate (ALE), a bone resorption inhibitor, down-regulates AB-EVs release and attenuates aging- and ovariectomy-induced bone-fat imbalance. In the VD3-treated aged mice, ALE suppresses the ovariectomy-induced aggravation of vascular calcification. MiR-483-5p and miR-2861 are enriched in AB-EVs and essential for the AB-EVs-induced bone-fat imbalance and exacerbation of vascular calcification. Our study uncovers the role of AB-EVs as a messenger for calcification paradox by transferring miR-483-5p and miR-2861. This study uncovers the role of extracellular vesicles from bone matrix as a messenger in the development of osteoporosis and vascular calcification (calcification paradox) during skeletal aging and menopause by transferring miR-483-5p and miR-2861.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing-Tao Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - You-You Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ze-Hui He
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Ren
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong-Ke Hu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ran Xu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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12
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Wei Q, Li J, He H, Cao Y, Li D, Amevor FK, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu C, Yang C, Du H, Jiang X, Zhu Q, Yin H. miR-23b-3p inhibits chicken granulosa cell proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis via targeting GDF9. Theriogenology 2022; 177:84-93. [PMID: 34687940 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nt RNAs that direct post-transcriptional repression of mRNA targets in diverse eukaryotic lineages. Granulosa cells (GCs) are the earliest differentiated follicular somatic cells. From the initiation of primordial follicles, their differentiation and growth are closely related to the development of follicles. The research on follicular development mostly focused on the granular layer, as well as the hormone synthesis induced by granulosa cell differentiation before and after follicular selection. In this study, we evaluated the effects of miR-23b-3p on chicken granulosa cells, including granulosa cell proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis. Elevated expression of miR-23b-3p significantly inhibited granulosa cell proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis, but did not affect apoptosis. Furthermore, it was observed that the forecast growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) is a target gene of miR-23b-3p and miR-23b-3p can down-regulate expression of GDF9. Overall, this study demonstrated that miR-23b-3p can regulate the proliferation and steroid hormone synthesis of chicken granulosa cells by inhibiting the expression of GDF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyao Wei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Haorong He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yuchen Cao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of China, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chunlin Yu
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Chaowu Yang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Huarui Du
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiaosong Jiang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Huadong Yin
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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13
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Wang N, Yao F, Liu D, Jiang H, Xia X, Xiong S. RNA N6-methyladenosine in nonocular and ocular disease. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1686-1710. [PMID: 34913163 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A), the sixth N methylation of adenylate (A) in RNA, is the most abundant transcriptome modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNAs). m6 A modification exists in both coding mRNA and noncoding RNAs, and its functions are controlled by methyltransferase, demethylase, and m6 A reading proteins. Methylation modification of m6 A can regulate RNA cleavage, transport, stability, and expression. This review summarizes the enzymes involved in RNA m6 A methylation and the commonly used detection methods. The role of m6 A modification in physiological processes is described, and its impact on tumorigenesis, viral infection, and diabetes is further highlighted. Moreover, up-to-date knowledge of the implications of RNA m6 A modification in ocular diseases such as uveal melanoma and diabetic retinopathy is introduced. Clarifying the mechanism of RNA m6 A methylation will help elucidate the pathogenesis of various diseases, providing options for subsequent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Die Liu
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Xiong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Opthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Wang X, Chen H, Liu J, Gai L, Yan X, Guo Z, Liu F. Emerging Advances of Non-coding RNAs and Competitive Endogenous RNA Regulatory Networks in Asthma. Bioengineered 2021; 12:7820-7836. [PMID: 34635022 PMCID: PMC8806435 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1981796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway remodeling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. A variety of effector cells and cytokines jointly stimulate the occurrence of inflammatory response in asthma. Although the pathogenesis of asthma is not entirely clear, the possible roles of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been recently demonstrated. NcRNAs are non-protein-coding RNA molecules, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which are involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. Mounting studies have shown that ncRNAs play pivotal roles in the occurrence and progression of asthma via competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks. However, the specific mechanism and clinical application of ncRNAs and ceRNA regulatory networks in asthma have not been fully elucidated, which are worthy of further investigation. This paper comprehensively summarized the current progress on the roles of miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and ceRNA regulatory networks in asthma, which can provide a better understanding for the disease pathogenesis and is helpful for identifying novel biomarkers for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Clinical Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, WeifangChina
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/ Weifang People’s Hospital, WeifangChina
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, WeifangChina
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/ Weifang People’s Hospital, WeifangChina
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Clinical Medicine College, Weifang Medical University, WeifangChina
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/ Weifang People’s Hospital, WeifangChina
| | - Linlin Gai
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/Weifang People’s Hospital, WeifangChina
| | - Xinyi Yan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/Weifang People’s Hospital, WeifangChina
| | - Zhiliang Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 80th Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, WeifangChina
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Department of Allergy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University/ Weifang People’s Hospital, WeifangChina
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15
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Cho S, Dong J, Lu LF. Cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic roles of miRNAs in regulating T cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:126-140. [PMID: 34549446 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
T cells are crucial to generate an effective response against numerous invading microbial pathogens and play a pivotal role in tumor surveillance and elimination. However, unwanted T cell activation can also lead to deleterious immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. To ensure that an optimal T cell response can be established, each step, beginning from T cell development in the thymus to their activation and function in the periphery, is tightly regulated by many transcription factors and epigenetic regulators including microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we first summarize recent progress in identifying major immune regulatory miRNAs in controlling the differentiation and function of distinct T cell subsets. Moreover, as emerging evidence has demonstrated that miRNAs can impact T cell immunity through targeting both immune- and non-immune cell populations that T cells closely interact with, the T cell-extrinsic role of miRNAs in regulating different aspects of T cell biology is also addressed. Finally, we discuss the complex nature of miRNA-mediated control of T cell immunity and highlight important questions that remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunglim Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jiayi Dong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Li-Fan Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA.,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
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16
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Regulatory roles of MicroRNA in shaping T cell function, differentiation and polarization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:34-47. [PMID: 34446356 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes are an integral component of adaptive immunity with pleotropic effector functions. Impairment of T cell activity is implicated in various immune pathologies including autoimmune diseases, AIDS, carcinogenesis, and periodontitis. Evidently, T cell differentiation and function are under robust regulation by various endogenous factors that orchestrate underlying molecular pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of noncoding, regulatory RNAs that post-transcriptionally control multiple mRNA targets by sequence-specific interaction. In this article, we will review the recent progress in our understanding of miRNA-gene networks that are uniquely required by specific T cell effector functions and provide miRNA-mediated mechanisms that govern the fate of T cells. A subset of miRNAs may act in a synergistic or antagonistic manner to exert functional suppression of genes and regulate pathways that control T cell activation and differentiation. Significance of T cell-specific miRNAs and their dysregulation in immune-mediated diseases is discussed. Exosome-mediated horizontal transfer of miRNAs from antigen presenting cells (APCs) to T cells and from one T cell to another T cell subset and their impact on recipient cell functions is summarized.
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17
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Wang Y, Wang M, Wu HX, Xu RH. Advancing to the era of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:803-829. [PMID: 34165252 PMCID: PMC8441060 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer greatly affects the quality of life of humans worldwide and the number of patients suffering from it is continuously increasing. Over the last century, numerous treatments have been developed to improve the survival of cancer patients but substantial progress still needs to be made before cancer can be truly cured. In recent years, antitumor immunity has become the most debated topic in cancer research and the booming development of immunotherapy has led to a new epoch in cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the relationships between tumors and the immune system, and the rise of immunotherapy. Then, we summarize the characteristics of tumor‐associated immunity and immunotherapeutic strategies with various molecular mechanisms by showing the typical immune molecules whose antibodies are broadly used in the clinic and those that are still under investigation. We also discuss important elements from individual cells to the whole human body, including cellular mutations and modulation, metabolic reprogramming, the microbiome, and the immune contexture. In addition, we also present new observations and technical advancements of both diagnostic and therapeutic methods aimed at cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we discuss the controversies and challenges that negatively impact patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Xiang Wu
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
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18
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Conteduca G, Rossi A, Megiorni F, Parodi A, Ferrera F, Tardito S, Altosole T, Fausti V, Occella C, Kalli F, Negrini S, Pizzuti A, Marchese C, Rizza E, Indiveri F, Coviello D, Fenoglio D, Filaci G. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 3'-untranslated region inducible costimulator gene and the important roles of miRNA in alopecia areata. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e34. [PMID: 35664973 PMCID: PMC9060044 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Alopecia areata (AA) spares the stem cell compartment and attacks only the base of the hair follicle, which is surrounded by infiltrating lymphocytes. AA is associated with polymorphisms in immune-related genes and with decreased function of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells. Treg function is modulated by the costimulatory molecules, like inducible costimulator (ICOS) that are crucial in orienting T cell differentiation and function so that they strongly impact on the immunologic decision between tolerance or autoimmunity development. Objective The aim of our study was to investigate the possible association of AA with single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the ICOS 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) region and to elucidate how SNPs modulate ICOS gene expression by affecting miRNA binding sites. Methods This is a case-control study performed in 184 patients with AA and 200 controls. ICOS gene and miRNA expression were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results The genotype carrying the rs4404254(C) [p = 0.012, OR (95% CI): 0.5 (0.3-0.8)] and rs4675379(C) [p = 0.015, OR (95% CI): 0.3 (0.1-0.8)] 3' UTR alleles was more frequently observed in AA patients than in controls and correlated with a reduced ICOS expression. miR-1276 significantly suppressed ICOS expression by binding to the 3'UTR of ICOS mRNA. Also, we observed that, miR-101 and miR-27b are upregulated, while miR-103 and miR-2355-3p are downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AA patients compared to controls. Conclusion Our data show that rs4404254 and rs4675379 SNPs of ICOS gene are associated with AA and also reveal that the presence of rs4404254 polymorphism correlates with ICOS post-transcriptional repression by microRNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Conteduca
- Laboratory of Human Genetics IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - A Rossi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Clinical Internal Sciences "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - F Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - A Parodi
- Biotherapies Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy
| | - F Ferrera
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - S Tardito
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - T Altosole
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - V Fausti
- Dermatology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - C Occella
- Dermatology Unit IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - F Kalli
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - S Negrini
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - A Pizzuti
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - C Marchese
- Department of Experimental Medicine "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - E Rizza
- Associazione Nazionale Alopecia Areata Genoa Italy
| | - F Indiveri
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - D Coviello
- Laboratory of Human Genetics IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini Genoa Italy
| | - D Fenoglio
- Biotherapies Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
| | - G Filaci
- Biotherapies Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy.,Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research and Department of Internal Medicine University of Genoa Genoa Italy
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19
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Yu Q, Chu L, Li Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Wang C, Cui S. miR-23a/b suppress cGAS-mediated innate and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1235-1248. [PMID: 33767433 PMCID: PMC8093233 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a key sensor of intracellular DNA, is essential for eliciting innate immunity against infection, whereas aberrant activation of cGAS by endogenous DNA promotes severe autoimmune diseases. However, it is largely unknown how cGAS expression is regulated during pathogen infection and autoimmunity. Here, we report that during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, two microRNAs (miR-23a and miR-23b) whose levels significantly decrease due to their interaction with the lncRNA Oasl2-209 directly regulate the expression of cGAS. Overexpression of miR-23a/b markedly dampens cytosolic DNA-induced innate immune responses, whereas inhibition of miR-23a/b enhances these responses. Mice treated with miR-23a/b agomirs exhibit increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection. Moreover, cGAS is significantly upregulated in the Trex1-/- mouse autoimmune disease model. Administration of miR-23a/b blunts self DNA-induced autoinflammatory responses in Trex1-/- mice. Collectively, our study not only reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of cGAS expression by miRNAs but also identifies a potential therapy for cGAS-related autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shufang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Choi J, Crotty S. Bcl6-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation of Follicular Helper T cells (T FH). Trends Immunol 2021; 42:336-349. [PMID: 33663954 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Follicular helper T cells (TFH) are essential B cell-help providers in the formation of germinal centers (GCs), affinity maturation of GC B cells, differentiation of high-affinity antibody-producing plasma cells, and production of memory B cells. The transcription factor (TF) B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) is at the center of gene regulation in TFH biology, including differentiation and function, but how Bcl6 does this, and what additional TFs contribute, remain complex questions. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of Bcl6-mediated gene regulation of TFH functions, and the modulation of TFH by other TFs. These advances may have important implications in deciphering how repressor TFs can regulate many immunological cell types. An improved understanding of TFH biology will likely provide insights into biomedically relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Choi
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA.
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21
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Li LJ, Chang WM, Hsiao M. Aberrant Expression of microRNA Clusters in Head and Neck Cancer Development and Progression: Current and Future Translational Impacts. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030194. [PMID: 33673471 PMCID: PMC7997248 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs known to negative regulate endogenous genes. Some microRNAs have high sequence conservation and localize as clusters in the genome. Their coordination is regulated by simple genetic and epigenetic events mechanism. In cells, single microRNAs can regulate multiple genes and microRNA clusters contain multiple microRNAs. MicroRNAs can be differentially expressed and act as oncogenic or tumor suppressor microRNAs, which are based on the roles of microRNA-regulated genes. It is vital to understand their effects, regulation, and various biological functions under both normal and disease conditions. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are some of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and are regulated by many factors, including the dysregulation of microRNAs and their clusters. In disease stages, microRNA clusters can potentially control every field of oncogenic function, including growth, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and intercellular commutation. Furthermore, microRNA clusters are regulated by genetic mutations or translocations, transcription factors, and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, microRNA clusters harbor the potential to act therapeutically against cancer in the future. Here, we review recent advances in microRNA cluster research, especially relative to head and neck cancers, and discuss their regulation and biological functions under pathological conditions as well as translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Min Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2789–8752
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22
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Role, function and regulation of the thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein in CD8 + T cell exhaustion. Immunol Lett 2020; 229:1-7. [PMID: 33186634 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), a member of the high-motility group box (HMG) protein superfamily, is an evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding protein. It functions as a transcription factor that modulates transcriptional programs by binding to DNA in a structure-dependent manner. It has been well established that TOX is required for the development of CD4+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as well as the autoimmunity mediated by CD8+ T cells. Recently, emerging evidence supports an essential role for TOX in the induction of T cell exhaustion in the setting of tumor or chronic viral infection by mediating transcriptional and epigenetic changes, which are cardinal hallmarks of exhausted T cells. Moreover, TOX plays a key role in the persistence of antigen-specific T cells and in the mitigation of tissue damage caused by immunopathology over the course of tumorigenesis and chronic infection. Additionally, TOX contributes to the high level of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on the cell surface by participating in the process of endocytic recycling of PD-1. In this review, we summarize the most recent information about the role of TOX in the process of T cell exhaustion, which enriches our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CD8+ T cell exhaustion upon chronic antigen stimulation and reveals promising therapeutic targets for persisting infection and cancer.
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23
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Yi YC, Chen XY, Zhang J, Zhu JS. Novel insights into the interplay between m 6A modification and noncoding RNAs in cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:121. [PMID: 32767982 PMCID: PMC7412851 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is one of the most common RNA modifications in eukaryotes, mainly in messenger RNA (mRNA). Increasing evidence shows that m6A methylation modification acts an essential role in various physiological and pathological bioprocesses. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, are known to participate in regulating cell differentiation, angiogenesis, immune response, inflammatory response and carcinogenesis. m6A regulators, such as METTL3, ALKBH5 and IGF2BP1 have been reported to execute a m6A-dependent modification of ncRNAs involved in carcinogenesis. Meanwhile, ncRNAs can target or modulate m6A regulators to influence cancer development. In this review, we provide an insight into the interplay between m6A modification and ncRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cai Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No. 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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