1
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Kasprzyk-Pawelec A, Tan M, Rahhal R, McIntosh A, Fernandez H, Mosaoa R, Jiang L, Pearson GW, Glasgow E, Vockley J, Albanese C, Avantaggiati ML. Loss of the mitochondrial carrier, SLC25A1, during embryogenesis induces a unique senescence program controlled by p53. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.18.549409. [PMID: 37503155 PMCID: PMC10370133 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.18.549409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Germline inactivating mutations of the SLC25A1 gene contribute to various human developmental disorders, including combined D/L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D/L-2HGA), a severe systemic syndrome characterized by the accumulation of both enantiomers of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid (2HG). The mechanisms by which SLC25A1 deficiency leads to this disease and the role of 2HG are unclear and no therapies exist. We now show that mice lacking both Slc25a1 alleles display a spectrum of alterations that resemble human D/L-2HGA. Mechanistically, SLC25A1 loss results in a proliferation defect and activates two distinct senescence pathways, oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and mitochondrial dysfunction-induced senescence (MiDAS), both involving the p53 tumor suppressor and driven by two discernible signals: the accumulation of 2HG, inducing OIS, and mitochondrial dysfunction, triggering MiDAS. Inhibiting these senescence programs or blocking p53 activity reverses the growth defect caused by SLC25A1 dysfunction and restores proliferation. These findings reveal novel pathogenic roles of senescence in human disorders and suggest potential strategies to correct the molecular alterations caused by SLC25A1 loss.
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2
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Meng X, Zhou Y, Xu L, Hu L, Wang C, Tian X, Zhang X, Hao Y, Cheng B, Ma J, Wang L, Liu J, Xie R. O-GlcNAcylation Facilitates the Interaction between Keratin 18 and Isocitrate Dehydrogenases and Potentially Influencing Cholangiocarcinoma Progression. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:1065-1083. [PMID: 38799671 PMCID: PMC11117311 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a pivotal role in the intricate landscape of human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), actively participating in key pathophysiological processes driving tumor progression. Among the various glycosylation modifications, O-linked β-N-acetyl-glucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) emerges as a dynamic regulator influencing diverse tumor-associated biological activities. In this study, we employed a state-of-the-art chemical proteomic approach to analyze intact glycopeptides, unveiling the critical role of O-GlcNAcylation in orchestrating Keratin 18 (K18) and its interplay with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, specifically isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs), to propel CCA progression. Our findings shed light on the mechanistic intricacies of O-GlcNAcylation, revealing that site-specific modification of K18 on Ser 30 serves as a stabilizing factor, amplifying the expression of cell cycle checkpoints. This molecular event intricately fosters cell cycle progression and augments cellular growth in CCA. Notably, the interaction between O-GlcNAcylated K18 and IDHs orchestrates metabolic reprogramming by down-regulating citrate and isocitrate levels while elevating α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). These metabolic shifts further contribute to the overall tumorigenic potential of CCA. Our study thus expands the current understanding of protein O-GlcNAcylation and introduces a new layer of complexity to post-translational control over metabolism and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Meng
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Limu Hu
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Changjiang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi Hao
- College
of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department
of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated, Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center,
National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ran Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Chemistry
and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Benej M, Papandreou I, Denko NC. Hypoxic adaptation of mitochondria and its impact on tumor cell function. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 100:28-38. [PMID: 38556040 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the major sink for oxygen in the cell, consuming it during ATP production. Therefore, when environmental oxygen levels drop in the tumor, significant adaptation is required. Mitochondrial activity is also a major producer of biosynthetic precursors and a regulator of cellular oxidative and reductive balance. Because of the complex biochemistry, mitochondrial adaptation to hypoxia occurs through multiple mechanisms and has significant impact on other cellular processes such as macromolecule synthesis and gene regulation. In tumor hypoxia, mitochondria shift their location in the cell and accelerate the fission and quality control pathways. Hypoxic mitochondria also undergo significant changes to fundamental metabolic pathways of carbon metabolism and electron transport. These metabolic changes further impact the nuclear epigenome because mitochondrial metabolites are used as enzymatic substrates for modifying chromatin. This coordinated response delivers physiological flexibility and increased tumor cell robustness during the environmental stress of low oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Benej
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OSU Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ioanna Papandreou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OSU Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas C Denko
- Department of Radiation Oncology, OSU Wexner Medical Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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4
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Feng X, Ren J, Zhang X, Kong D, Yin L, Zhou Q, Wang S, Li A, Guo Y, Wang Y, Feng X, Wang X, Niu J, Jiang Y, Zheng C. Lactate dehydrogenase A is implicated in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma through regulation of the FER signaling pathway. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38516823 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is highly expressed in various tumors. However, the role of LDHA in the pathogenesis of B-cell lymphoma remains unclear. Analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases revealed an elevated LDHA expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC) tissues compared with normal tissues. Similarly, our results demonstrated a significant increase in LDHA expression in tumor tissues from the patients with B-cell lymphoma compared with those with lymphadenitis. To further elucidate potential roles of LDHA in B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis, we silenced LDHA in the Raji cells (a B-cell lymphoma cell line) using shRNA techniques. Silencing LDHA led to reduced mitochondrial membrane integrity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, glycolytic activity, cell viability and invasion. Notably, LDHA knockdown substantially suppressed in vivo growth of Raji cells and extended survival in mice bearing lymphoma (Raji cells). Moreover, proteomic analysis identified feline sarcoma-related protein (FER) as a differential protein positively associated with LDHA expression. Treatment with E260, a FER inhibitor, significantly reduced the metabolism, proliferation and invasion of Raji cells. In summary, our findings highlight that LDHA plays multiple roles in B-cell lymphoma pathogenesis via FER pathways, establishing LDHA/FER may as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Hematology, Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xunqi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dexiao Kong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Hematology Department, Linyi Central Hospital, Yishui, China
| | - Shunye Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ai Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Nursing, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianhua Niu
- Department of Hematology, Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Fernando D, Ahmed AU, Williams BRG. Therapeutically targeting the unique disease landscape of pediatric high-grade gliomas. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1347694. [PMID: 38525424 PMCID: PMC10957575 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1347694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are a rare yet devastating malignancy of the central nervous system's glial support cells, affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. Tumors of the central nervous system account for the leading cause of pediatric mortality of which high-grade gliomas present a significantly grim prognosis. While the past few decades have seen many pediatric cancers experiencing significant improvements in overall survival, the prospect of survival for patients diagnosed with pHGGs has conversely remained unchanged. This can be attributed in part to tumor heterogeneity and the existence of the blood-brain barrier. Advances in discovery research have substantiated the existence of unique subgroups of pHGGs displaying alternate responses to different therapeutics and varying degrees of overall survival. This highlights a necessity to approach discovery research and clinical management of the disease in an alternative subtype-dependent manner. This review covers traditional approaches to the therapeutic management of pHGGs, limitations of such methods and emerging alternatives. Novel mutations which predominate the pHGG landscape are highlighted and the therapeutic potential of targeting them in a subtype specific manner discussed. Collectively, this provides an insight into issues in need of transformative progress which arise during the management of pHGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasun Fernando
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Afsar U. Ahmed
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan R. G. Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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6
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Stanger BZ, Wahl GM. Cancer as a Disease of Development Gone Awry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:397-421. [PMID: 37832945 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-031621-025610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In the 160 years since Rudolf Virchow first postulated that neoplasia arises by the same law that regulates embryonic development, scientists have come to recognize the striking overlap between the molecular and cellular programs used by cancers and embryos. Advances in cancer biology and molecular techniques have further highlighted the similarities between carcinogenesis and embryogenesis, where cellular growth, differentiation, motility, and intercellular cross talk are mediated by common drivers and regulatory networks. This review highlights the many connections linking cancer biology and developmental biology to provide a deeper understanding of how a tissue's developmental history may both enable and constrain cancer cell evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Z Stanger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Geoffrey M Wahl
- Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California, USA;
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7
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Xi Z, Huang H, Hu J, Yu Y, Ma X, Xu M, Ming J, Li L, Zhang H, Chen H, Huang T. LINC00571 drives tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in triple-negative breast cancer through HNRNPK/ILF2/IDH2 axis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:22. [PMID: 38238853 PMCID: PMC10795234 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer is a complex breast malignancy subtype characterized by poor prognosis. The pursuit of effective therapeutic approaches for this subtype is considerably challenging. Notably, recent research has illuminated the key role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in cancer metabolism and the complex landscape of tumor development. Concurrently, an emerging body of evidence underscores the noteworthy role that long non-coding RNAs play in the trajectory of breast cancer development. Despite this growing recognition, the exploration of whether long non-coding RNAs can influence breast cancer progression by modulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle has been limited. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms orchestrating these interactions have not been identified. METHODS The expression levels of LINC00571 and IDH2 were determined through the analysis of the public TCGA dataset, transcriptome sequencing, qRT‒PCR, and Western blotting. The distribution of LINC00571 was assessed using RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Alterations in biological effects were evaluated using CCK-8, colony formation, EdU, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays and a tumor xenograft model. To elucidate the interaction between LINC00571, HNRNPK, and ILF2, RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were performed. The impacts of LINC00571 and IDH2 on tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites were investigated through measurements of the oxygen consumption rate and metabolite levels. RESULTS This study revealed the complex interactions between a novel long non-coding RNA (LINC00571) and tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism. We validated the tumor-promoting role of LINC00571. Mechanistically, LINC00571 facilitated the interaction between HNRNPK and ILF2, leading to reduced ubiquitination and degradation of ILF2, thereby stabilizing its expression. Furthermore, ILF2 acted as a transcription factor to enhance the expression of its downstream target gene IDH2. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the LINC00571/HNRNPK/ILF2/IDH2 axis promoted the progression of triple-negative breast cancer by regulating tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites. This discovery provides a novel theoretical foundation and new potential targets for the clinical treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haohao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, 430070, China
- General Hospital Of Central Theater Command and Hubei Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Tumor and Intervention, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yuanhang Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xianxiong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jie Ming
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Hengyu Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, China.
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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8
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Chen J, Cui L, Lu S, Xu S. Amino acid metabolism in tumor biology and therapy. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:42. [PMID: 38218942 PMCID: PMC10787762 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid metabolism plays important roles in tumor biology and tumor therapy. Accumulating evidence has shown that amino acids contribute to tumorigenesis and tumor immunity by acting as nutrients, signaling molecules, and could also regulate gene transcription and epigenetic modification. Therefore, targeting amino acid metabolism will provide new ideas for tumor treatment and become an important therapeutic approach after surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent progress of amino acid metabolism in malignancy and their interaction with signal pathways as well as their effect on tumor microenvironment and epigenetic modification. Collectively, we also highlight the potential therapeutic application and future expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Likun Cui
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shaoteng Lu
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- National Key Lab of Immunity and Inflammation and Institute of Immunology, Naval Medical University/Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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9
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Li J, Ding B, Tan J, Chen H, Meng Q, Li X, Zheng P, Ma P, Lin J. Sodium Citrate Nanoparticles Induce Dual-Path Pyroptosis for Enhanced Antitumor Immunotherapy through Synergistic Ion Overload and Metabolic Disturbance. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10034-10043. [PMID: 37903236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, as one of the characteristics of cancer, is associated with tumorigenesis, growth, or migration, and the modulation of metabolic pathways has emerged as a novel approach for cancer therapy. However, the conventional metabolism-mediated apoptosis process in tumor cells exhibits limited immunogenicity and inadequate activation of antitumor immunity. Herein, phospholipid-coated sodium citrate nanoparticles (PSCT NPs) are successfully prepared, which dissolve in tumor cells and then release significant amounts of citrate ions and Na+ ions. Massive quantities of ions lead to increased intracellular osmotic pressure, which activates the caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) mediated pyroptosis pathway. Simultaneously, citrate induces activation of the caspase-8/gasdermin C (GSDMC) pathway. The combined action of these two pathways synergistically causes intense pyroptosis, exhibiting remarkable antitumor immune responses and tumor growth inhibition. This discovery provides new insight into the potential of nanomaterials in modulating metabolism and altering cell death patterns to enhance antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Binbin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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10
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Li J, Tuo D, Guo G, Gan J. Aberrant expression of cuproptosis‑related gene LIPT1 is associated with metabolic dysregulation of fatty acid and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15763-15779. [PMID: 37668796 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1) has been recently identified as a cuproptosis‑related gene. As a key enzyme of lipoic acid metabolism, LIPT1 has been revealed to play important roles in hereditary diseases involved with lipoic acid biosynthesis defects, while its roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be elucidated. Hence, we aimed to explore the roles and mechanisms of LIPT1 in HCC progression. METHODS The expression of LIPT1 in HCC tissues and its clinical significance for HCC were evaluated by bioinformatic analysis and in our patient cohort. The influences of LIPT1 on the growth, migration, and lipid metabolism of HCC cells were assessed in vitro. The underlying mechanisms were explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and molecular experiments. RESULTS LIPT1 expression was significantly elevated in HCC tissues compared to the normal tissues, and such upregulation was associated with more malignant pathological features and poor prognosis of patients with HCC. LIPT1 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and lipid content. GSEA revealed that LIPT1 upregulation was significantly associated with various cancer-associated signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Further molecular experiments indicated that LIPT1 silencing repressed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and inactivated the AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling axis. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of LIPT1 is involved in metabolic dysregulation of fatty acid and poor prognosis of HCC patients, which suggests that LIPT1 plays an important role in reprogramming lipid metabolism and could act as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dayun Tuo
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gunan Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology of School of Preclinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
- School of Stomatology, Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinfeng Gan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Receptor-Targeted Drug Basic Research, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Murnan KM, Horbinski C, Stegh AH. Redox Homeostasis and Beyond: The Role of Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenases for the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 39:923-941. [PMID: 37132598 PMCID: PMC10654994 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Glioblastoma is an aggressive and devastating brain tumor characterized by a dismal prognosis and resistance to therapeutic intervention. To support catabolic processes critical for unabated cellular growth and defend against harmful reactive oxygen species, glioblastoma tumors upregulate the expression of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs). IDH enzymes catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), NAD(P)H, and CO2. On molecular levels, IDHs epigenetically control gene expression through effects on α-KG-dependent dioxygenases, maintain redox balance, and promote anaplerosis by providing cells with NADPH and precursor substrates for macromolecular synthesis. Recent Advances: While gain-of-function mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 represent one of the most comprehensively studied mechanisms of IDH pathogenic effects, recent studies identified wild-type IDHs as critical regulators of normal organ physiology and, when transcriptionally induced or down regulated, as contributing to glioblastoma progression. Critical Issues: Here, we will discuss molecular mechanisms of how wild-type IDHs control glioma pathogenesis, including the regulation of oxidative stress and de novo lipid biosynthesis, and provide an overview of current and future research directives that aim to fully characterize wild-type IDH-driven metabolic reprogramming and its contribution to the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Future Directions: Future studies are required to further dissect mechanisms of metabolic and epigenomic reprogramming in tumors and the tumor microenvironment, and to develop pharmacological approaches to inhibit wild-type IDH function. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 39, 923-941.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Murnan
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexander H. Stegh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Brain Tumor Center, Alvin J. Siteman Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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12
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Mahé M, Rios-Fuller TJ, Karolin A, Schneider RJ. Genetics of enzymatic dysfunctions in metabolic disorders and cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1230934. [PMID: 37601653 PMCID: PMC10433910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1230934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited metabolic disorders arise from mutations in genes involved in the biogenesis, assembly, or activity of metabolic enzymes, leading to enzymatic deficiency and severe metabolic impairments. Metabolic enzymes are essential for the normal functioning of cells and are involved in the production of amino acids, fatty acids and nucleotides, which are essential for cell growth, division and survival. When the activity of metabolic enzymes is disrupted due to mutations or changes in expression levels, it can result in various metabolic disorders that have also been linked to cancer development. However, there remains much to learn regarding the relationship between the dysregulation of metabolic enzymes and metabolic adaptations in cancer cells. In this review, we explore how dysregulated metabolism due to the alteration or change of metabolic enzymes in cancer cells plays a crucial role in tumor development, progression, metastasis and drug resistance. In addition, these changes in metabolism provide cancer cells with a number of advantages, including increased proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and the ability to evade the immune system. The tumor microenvironment, genetic context, and different signaling pathways further influence this interplay between cancer and metabolism. This review aims to explore how the dysregulation of metabolic enzymes in specific pathways, including the urea cycle, glycogen storage, lysosome storage, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration, contributes to the development of metabolic disorders and cancer. Additionally, the review seeks to shed light on why these enzymes represent crucial potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert J. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology, Grossman NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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13
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Gallus M, Kwok D, Lakshmanachetty S, Yamamichi A, Okada H. Immunotherapy Approaches in Isocitrate-Dehydrogenase-Mutant Low-Grade Glioma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3726. [PMID: 37509387 PMCID: PMC10378701 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). Patients characteristically show the onset of seizures or neurological deficits due to the predominant LGG location in high-functional brain areas. As a molecular hallmark, LGGs display mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes, resulting in an altered cellular energy metabolism and the production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Despite the remarkable progress in improving the extent of resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy, LGG remains incurable, and secondary malignant transformation is often observed. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In recent years, immunotherapeutic strategies have led to tremendous success in various cancer types, but the effect of immunotherapy against glioma has been limited due to several challenges, such as tumor heterogeneity and the immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment. Nevertheless, recent preclinical and clinical findings from immunotherapy trials are encouraging and offer a glimmer of hope for treating IDH-mutant LGG patients. Here, we aim to review the lessons learned from trials involving vaccines, T-cell therapies, and IDH-mutant inhibitors and discuss future approaches to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies in IDH-mutant LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gallus
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Darwin Kwok
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Akane Yamamichi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hideho Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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14
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Levin SN, Tomasini MD, Knox J, Shirani M, Shebl B, Requena D, Clark J, Heissel S, Alwaseem H, Surjan R, Lahasky R, Molina H, Torbenson MS, Lyons B, Migler RD, Coffino P, Simon SM. Disruption of proteome by an oncogenic fusion kinase alters metabolism in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7038. [PMID: 37343102 PMCID: PMC10284549 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a usually lethal primary liver cancer driven by a somatic dysregulation of protein kinase A. We show that the proteome of FLC tumors is distinct from that of adjacent nontransformed tissue. These changes can account for some of the cell biological and pathological alterations in FLC cells, including their drug sensitivity and glycolysis. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a recurrent problem in these patients, and established treatments based on the assumption of liver failure are unsuccessful. We show that many of the enzymes that produce ammonia are increased and those that consume ammonia are decreased. We also demonstrate that the metabolites of these enzymes change as expected. Thus, hyperammonemic encephalopathy in FLC may require alternative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon N. Levin
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael D. Tomasini
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - James Knox
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mahsa Shirani
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bassem Shebl
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Requena
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jackson Clark
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hanan Alwaseem
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rodrigo Surjan
- General Surgery Division, Surgery Department, Hospital Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ron Lahasky
- Lahasky Medical Clinic, Abbeville, LA 70510, USA
- The Fibrolamellar Registry, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Henrik Molina
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Barbara Lyons
- The Fibrolamellar Registry, New York, NY 10028, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | | | - Philip Coffino
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sanford M. Simon
- Laboratory of Cellular Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- The Fibrolamellar Registry, New York, NY 10028, USA
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15
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Geoerger B, Schiff M, Penard-Lacronique V, Darin N, Saad SM, Duchon C, Lamazière A, Desmons A, Pontoizeau C, Berlanga P, Ducassou S, Yen K, Su M, Schenkein D, Ottolenghi C, De Botton S. Enasidenib treatment in two individuals with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria carrying a germline IDH2 mutation. Nat Med 2023:10.1038/s41591-023-02382-9. [PMID: 37248298 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02382-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria type II (D2HGA2) is a severe inborn disorder of metabolism caused by heterozygous R140 mutations in the IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 2) gene. Here we report the results of treatment of two children with D2HGA2, one of whom exhibited severe dilated cardiomyopathy, with the selective mutant IDH2 enzyme inhibitor enasidenib. In both children, enasidenib treatment led to normalization of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) concentrations in body fluids. At doses of 50 mg and 60 mg per day, no side effects were observed, except for asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia. For the child with cardiomyopathy, chronic D-2-HG inhibition was associated with improved cardiac function, and for both children, therapy was associated with improved daily functioning, global motility and social interactions. Treatment of the child with cardiomyopathy led to therapy-coordinated changes in serum phospholipid levels, which were partly recapitulated in cultured fibroblasts, associated with complex effects on lipid and redox-related gene pathways. These findings indicate that targeted inhibition of a mutant enzyme can partly reverse the pathology of a chronic neurometabolic genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Geoerger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Penard-Lacronique
- INSERM 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, member of OPALE Carnot Institute The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Villejuif, France
| | - Niklas Darin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg and Queen Silvia Children's Hospital at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Selim-Maria Saad
- Department of Cardiology, Clinique du Diaconat, Mulhouse, France
| | - Clarisse Duchon
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Antonin Lamazière
- Clinical Metabolomic Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Antoine Hospital, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Desmons
- Clinical Metabolomic Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint Antoine Hospital, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Clément Pontoizeau
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Metabolomics Unit of the Department of Biology, Physiology and Genetics, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphane Ducassou
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Katharine Yen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Auron Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Su
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Auron Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David Schenkein
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
- GV, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chris Ottolenghi
- Reference Center for Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 1163, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
- Metabolomics Unit of the Department of Biology, Physiology and Genetics, Necker University Hospital, APHP and University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane De Botton
- INSERM 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, member of OPALE Carnot Institute The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Villejuif, France
- Department of Hematology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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16
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Simon SM. Fighting rare cancers: lessons from fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:335-346. [PMID: 36932129 PMCID: PMC10022574 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The fight against rare cancers faces myriad challenges, including missed or wrong diagnoses, lack of information and diagnostic tools, too few samples and too little funding. Yet many advances in cancer biology, such as the realization that there are tumour suppressor genes, have come from studying well-defined, albeit rare, cancers. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC), a typically lethal liver cancer, mainly affects adolescents and young adults. FLC is both rare, 1 in 5 million, and problematic to diagnose. From the paucity of data, it was not known whether FLC was one cancer or a collection with similar phenotypes, or whether it was genetically inherited or the result of a somatic mutation. A personal journey through a decade of work reveals answers to these questions and a road map of steps and missteps in our fight against a rare cancer.
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17
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Wang H, Xiong Q, He G, Tang J, Sun L, Cheng S, Ke M, Chen S, Hu Y, Feng J, Song L, Tong B, Zhang Z, Dai Z, Xu Y. Hepatic IDH2 regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Metabolism 2023; 143:155559. [PMID: 37044373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The liver plays a central role in controlling glucose and lipid metabolism. IDH2, a mitochondrial protein, controls TCA cycle flux. However, its role in regulating metabolism in obesity is still unclear. This study intends to investigate the impact of hepatic IDH2 expression on overnutrition-regulated glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS Hepatic IDH2 was knocked-out in mice by the approach of CRISPR-Cas9. Mice were subjected to starvation and refeeding for hepatic glucose and lipid studies in vivo. Primary hepatocytes and mouse normal liver cell line, AML12 cells were used for experiments in vitro. RESULTS This study found that IDH2 protein levels were elevated in the livers of obese people and mice with high-fat diet consumption or hepatic steatosis. Liver IDH2-deletion mice (IDH2LKO) were resistant to high-fat diet-induced body weight gain, with lower serum glucose and TG levels, increased insulin sensitivity, and higher FGF21 secretion, despite the higher TG content in the liver. Consistently, overexpression of IDH2 in hepatocytes promoted gluconeogenesis and enhanced glycogenesis. By performing mass spectrometry and proteomics analyses, we further demonstrated that IDH2-deficiency in hepatocytes accelerated ATP production by increasing forward TCA cycle flux, thus promoting glycolysis pathway and decreasing glycogen synthesis at refeeding state, and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, increasing β-oxidation during starvation. Moreover, experiments in vivo demonstrated that IDH2-knockout might not exacerbate hepatic inflammatory responses in the NASH model. CONCLUSIONS Elevated hepatic IDH2 under over-nutrition state contributes to elevated gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis. Inhibition of IDH2 in the liver could be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Guangzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Mengting Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Biochemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shangyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jieyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Linyang Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Beier Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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18
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Zhang L, Song Y, Dai X, Xu W, Li M, Zhu Y. Inhibition of IDH3α Enhanced the Efficacy of Chemoimmunotherapy by Regulating Acidic Tumor Microenvironments. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061802. [PMID: 36980689 PMCID: PMC10046804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chemoimmunotherapy has become effective in some advanced cancers, but its effect is still limited. Transcriptional upregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase 3α (IDH3α) can promote tumor initiation and progression. However, it is not clear whether the aberrant expression of IDH3α is related to the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy in cancers. Here, we found that IDH3α was elevated in uterine cervical cancer (UCC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) samples by using public databases. High expression of IDH3α could promote the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), alter the intracellular redox status, promote glycolysis, and induce an acidic microenvironments in cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of IDH3α combined with chemoimmunotherapy (cisplatin and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies) activated the cGAS–STING pathway, promoted CD8+ T cell infiltration, and decreased tumor growth in mouse models of cervical cancer. In conclusion, our data indicate that silencing IDH3α sensitizes tumors to chemoimmunotherapy by modulating the acidic microenvironment and activating the cGAS–STING pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dai
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxi Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (Y.Z.)
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19
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Rooper LM, Agaimy A, Assaad A, Bal M, Eugene H, Gagan J, Nonogaki H, Palsgrove DN, Shah A, Stelow E, Stoehr R, Thompson LDR, Weinreb I, Bishop JA. Recurrent IDH2 Mutations in Salivary Gland Striated Duct Adenoma Define an Expanded Histologic Spectrum Distinct From Canalicular Adenoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:333-343. [PMID: 36510691 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Striated duct adenoma (SDA) is a rare salivary gland neoplasm defined by histologic similarity to normal striated ducts. However, doubt persists about whether SDA represents a genuine entity distinct from canalicular adenoma and if a malignant counterpart exists. This study aims to evaluate the molecular underpinnings of SDA to clarify its pathogenesis and classification. We identified 10 SDA and 2 tumors called low-grade adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified that were retrospectively recognized to resemble SDA. All cases showed recurrent histologic features including (1) discrete monophasic tubules, (2) tall columnar eosinophilic cells, (3) monotonous oval nuclei, and (4) scant fibrous stroma, and most were positive for S100 protein (91%), SOX10 (80%), and CK7 (80%). Although 1 case was previously called adenocarcinoma based on interdigitation with normal acini, this pattern was also seen in some SDA, and likely does not indicate malignancy; the significance of growth surrounding nerve in 1 other case is less clear. Targeted sequencing identified IDH2 R172X mutations in all 8 cases with sufficient tissue, with positivity for IDH1/2 mutation-specific immunohistochemistry in 9 cases stained. In contrast, 5 canalicular adenomas lacked IDH2 mutations or other oncogenic alterations. Overall, IDH2 R172X mutations are a defining feature of SDA that, in combination with its recognizable pathologic profile, confirm it is a unique entity separate from canalicular adenoma. IDH1/2 mutation-specific immunohistochemistry may provide a convenient tool to facilitate diagnosis. Both morphology and IDH2 mutations raise parallels between SDA and breast tall cell carcinoma with reverse polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Rooper
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adel Assaad
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Mason Hospital and Seattle Medical Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Munita Bal
- Department of Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Jeffrey Gagan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - Doreen N Palsgrove
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Akeesha Shah
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Edward Stelow
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Robert Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Ilan Weinreb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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20
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Samant RS, Batista S, Larance M, Ozer B, Milton CI, Bludau I, Wu E, Biggins L, Andrews S, Hervieu A, Johnston HE, Al-Lazikhani B, Lamond AI, Clarke PA, Workman P. Native Size-Exclusion Chromatography-Based Mass Spectrometry Reveals New Components of the Early Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition Response Among Limited Global Changes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100485. [PMID: 36549590 PMCID: PMC9898794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) works in concert with co-chaperones to stabilize its client proteins, which include multiple drivers of oncogenesis and malignant progression. Pharmacologic inhibitors of HSP90 have been observed to exert a wide range of effects on the proteome, including depletion of client proteins, induction of heat shock proteins, dissociation of co-chaperones from HSP90, disruption of client protein signaling networks, and recruitment of the protein ubiquitylation and degradation machinery-suggesting widespread remodeling of cellular protein complexes. However, proteomics studies to date have focused on inhibitor-induced changes in total protein levels, often overlooking protein complex alterations. Here, we use size-exclusion chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (SEC-MS) to characterize the early changes in native protein complexes following treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor tanespimycin (17-AAG) for 8 h in the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line. After confirming the signature cellular response to HSP90 inhibition (e.g., induction of heat shock proteins, decreased total levels of client proteins), we were surprised to find only modest perturbations to the global distribution of protein elution profiles in inhibitor-treated HT29 cells at this relatively early time-point. Similarly, co-chaperones that co-eluted with HSP90 displayed no clear difference between control and treated conditions. However, two distinct analysis strategies identified multiple inhibitor-induced changes, including known and unknown components of the HSP90-dependent proteome. We validate two of these-the actin-binding protein Anillin and the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 complex-as novel HSP90 inhibitor-modulated proteins. We present this dataset as a resource for the HSP90, proteostasis, and cancer communities (https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/shiny/HSP90/SEC-MS/), laying the groundwork for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies related to HSP90 pharmacology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Samant
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia Batista
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Larance
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Bugra Ozer
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher I Milton
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell Bludau
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Estelle Wu
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Biggins
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia Hervieu
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey E Johnston
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikhani
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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Suryatin Alim G, Suzuki T, Honda K. Cell-Free Production and Regeneration of Cofactors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 186:29-49. [PMID: 37306696 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cofactors, such as adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and coenzyme A, are involved in nearly 50% of enzymatic reactions and widely used in biocatalytic production of useful chemicals. Although commercial production of cofactors has been mostly dependent on extraction from microbial cells, this approach has a theoretical limitation to achieve a high-titer, high-yield production of cofactors owing to the tight regulation of cofactor biosynthesis in living cells. Besides the cofactor production, their regeneration is also a key challenge to enable continuous use of costly cofactors and improve the feasibility of enzymatic chemical manufacturing. Construction and implementation of enzyme cascades for cofactor biosynthesis and regeneration in a cell-free environment can be a promising approach to these challenges. In this chapter, we present the available tools for cell-free cofactor production and regeneration, the pros and cons, and how they can contribute to promote the industrial application of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladwin Suryatin Alim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuma Suzuki
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Honda
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Kaushik AK, Tarangelo A, Boroughs LK, Ragavan M, Zhang Y, Wu CY, Li X, Ahumada K, Chiang JC, Tcheuyap VT, Saatchi F, Do QN, Yong C, Rosales T, Stevens C, Rao AD, Faubert B, Pachnis P, Zacharias LG, Vu H, Cai F, Mathews TP, Genovese G, Slusher BS, Kapur P, Sun X, Merritt M, Brugarolas J, DeBerardinis RJ. In vivo characterization of glutamine metabolism identifies therapeutic targets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8293. [PMID: 36525494 PMCID: PMC9757752 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, we analyzed the metabolism of patient-derived xenografts (tumorgrafts) from diverse subtypes of RCC. Tumorgrafts from VHL-mutant clear cell RCC (ccRCC) retained metabolic features of human ccRCC and engaged in oxidative and reductive glutamine metabolism. Genetic silencing of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 or isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 impaired reductive labeling of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in vivo and suppressed growth of tumors generated from tumorgraft-derived cells. Glutaminase inhibition reduced the contribution of glutamine to the TCA cycle and resulted in modest suppression of tumorgraft growth. Infusions with [amide-15N]glutamine revealed persistent amidotransferase activity during glutaminase inhibition, and blocking these activities with the amidotransferase inhibitor JHU-083 also reduced tumor growth in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent mice. We conclude that ccRCC tumorgrafts catabolize glutamine via multiple pathways, perhaps explaining why it has been challenging to achieve therapeutic responses in patients by inhibiting glutaminase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash K. Kaushik
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Amy Tarangelo
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey K. Boroughs
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mukundan Ragavan
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheng-Yang Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristen Ahumada
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jui-Chung Chiang
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vanina T. Tcheuyap
- Kidney Cancer Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Faeze Saatchi
- Kidney Cancer Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Quyen N. Do
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cissy Yong
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Rosales
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christina Stevens
- Kidney Cancer Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aparna D. Rao
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Panayotis Pachnis
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lauren G. Zacharias
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hieu Vu
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Feng Cai
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thomas P. Mathews
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology and Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Kidney Cancer Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiankai Sun
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Kidney Cancer Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Matthew Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James Brugarolas
- Kidney Cancer Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Kidney Cancer Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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23
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Shayanfar N, Zare-Mirzaie A, Mohammadpour M, Jafari E, Mehrtash A, Emtiazi N, Tajik F. Low expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132H is associated with advanced pathological features in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04336-z. [PMID: 36063222 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent developments in genomic sequencing have led to the identification of somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in various malignancies. IDH1 R132H is the most common mutation of IDH1, which affects codon 132 and results in the conversion of amino acid residue arginine (R) to histidine (H). This study is designed to evaluate the association between the expression of IDH1 R132H and clinicopathological characteristics in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS The expression pattern and clinical significance of IDH1 R132H were investigated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 50 LSCC tumors as well as adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Then the exons of the 12 tumor samples with negative/weak positive staining were sequenced by applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The results demonstrated that the cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H was downregulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues. A statistically significant association was found between a low level of cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H protein and an increase in histological grade (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.019), and lymph node involvement (p < 0.001). The exon4 sequencing results showed that only one sample was positive for IDH1 R132H mutation. IDH1 R132H expression was observed in 39 (78.0%) LSCC samples. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that low cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H may have clinical significance in LSCC patients and is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and progression of the disease, which can help improve potential treatment in patients with LSCC. Further investigations are needed to understand the biological function of IDH1 R132H and larger sample size to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Shayanfar
- Department of Pathology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zare-Mirzaie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadpour
- Department of Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Jafari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Noor Danesh University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Mehrtash
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Emtiazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Ivosidenib in IDH1-mutated cholangiocarcinoma: Clinical evaluation and future directions. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Jena B, Saxena S, Nayak GK, Balestrieri A, Gupta N, Khanna NN, Laird JR, Kalra MK, Fouda MM, Saba L, Suri JS. Brain Tumor Characterization Using Radiogenomics in Artificial Intelligence Framework. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4052. [PMID: 36011048 PMCID: PMC9406706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumor characterization (BTC) is the process of knowing the underlying cause of brain tumors and their characteristics through various approaches such as tumor segmentation, classification, detection, and risk analysis. The substantial brain tumor characterization includes the identification of the molecular signature of various useful genomes whose alteration causes the brain tumor. The radiomics approach uses the radiological image for disease characterization by extracting quantitative radiomics features in the artificial intelligence (AI) environment. However, when considering a higher level of disease characteristics such as genetic information and mutation status, the combined study of "radiomics and genomics" has been considered under the umbrella of "radiogenomics". Furthermore, AI in a radiogenomics' environment offers benefits/advantages such as the finalized outcome of personalized treatment and individualized medicine. The proposed study summarizes the brain tumor's characterization in the prospect of an emerging field of research, i.e., radiomics and radiogenomics in an AI environment, with the help of statistical observation and risk-of-bias (RoB) analysis. The PRISMA search approach was used to find 121 relevant studies for the proposed review using IEEE, Google Scholar, PubMed, MDPI, and Scopus. Our findings indicate that both radiomics and radiogenomics have been successfully applied aggressively to several oncology applications with numerous advantages. Furthermore, under the AI paradigm, both the conventional and deep radiomics features have made an impact on the favorable outcomes of the radiogenomics approach of BTC. Furthermore, risk-of-bias (RoB) analysis offers a better understanding of the architectures with stronger benefits of AI by providing the bias involved in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Jena
- Department of CSE, International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Sanjay Saxena
- Department of CSE, International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Nayak
- Department of CSE, International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | | | - Neha Gupta
- Department of IT, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, New Delhi 110056, India
| | - Narinder N. Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - John R. Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St. Helena, CA 94574, USA
| | - Manudeep K. Kalra
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mostafa M. Fouda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Diagnosis and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA 95661, USA
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26
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Guarnaccia M, Guarnaccia L, La Cognata V, Navone SE, Campanella R, Ampollini A, Locatelli M, Miozzo M, Marfia G, Cavallaro S. A Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panel to Genotype Gliomas. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070956. [PMID: 35888045 PMCID: PMC9320073 DOI: 10.3390/life12070956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas account for the majority of primary brain tumors. Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant type. Based on their extreme molecular heterogeneity, molecular markers can be used to classify gliomas and stratify patients into diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic clusters. In this work, we developed and validated a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach to analyze variants or chromosomal aberrations correlated with tumorigenesis and response to treatment in gliomas. Our targeted NGS analysis covered 13 glioma-related genes (ACVR1, ATRX, BRAF, CDKN2A, EGFR, H3F3A, HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C, IDH1, IDH2, P53, PDGFRA, PTEN), a 125 bp region of the TERT promoter, and 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along chromosomes 1 and 19 for reliable assessment of their copy number alterations (CNAs). Our targeted NGS approach provided a portrait of gliomas’ molecular heterogeneity with high accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in a single workflow, enabling the detection of variants associated with unfavorable outcomes, disease progression, and drug resistance. These preliminary results support its use in routine diagnostic neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (S.E.N.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.); (G.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (S.E.N.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (S.E.N.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella Ampollini
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (S.E.N.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (S.E.N.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.); (G.M.)
- “Aldo Ravelli” Research Center, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical-Surgical Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Unit of Medical Genetics, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (L.G.); (S.E.N.); (R.C.); (A.A.); (M.L.); (G.M.)
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Aerospace Medicine Institute “A. Mosso”, Italian Air Force, Viale dell’Aviazione 1, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (M.G.); (V.L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-57338128
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27
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Mirallas O, López-Valbuena D, García-Illescas D, Fabregat-Franco C, Verdaguer H, Tabernero J, Macarulla T. Advances in the systemic treatment of therapeutic approaches in biliary tract cancer. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100503. [PMID: 35696747 PMCID: PMC9198382 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a rare and heterogenous group with an increasing incidence and high mortality rate. The estimated new cases and deaths of BTC worldwide are increasing, but the incidence and mortality rates in South East Asia are the highest worldwide, representing a real public health problem in these regions. BTC has a poor prognosis with a median overall survival <12 months. Thus, an urgent unmet clinical need for BTC patients exists and must be addressed. RESULTS The backbone treatment of these malignancies is chemotherapy in first- and second-line setting, but in the last decade a rich molecular landscape has been discovered, expanding conceivable treatment options. Some druggable molecular aberrations can be treated with new targeted therapies and have already demonstrated efficacy in patients with BTC, improving clinical outcomes, such as the FGFR2 or IDH1 inhibitors. Many other molecular alterations are being discovered and the treatment of BTC will change in the near future from our current clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS In this review we discuss the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, present treatment approaches, review the recent therapeutic advances, and explore future directions for patients with BTC. Due to the rich molecular landscape of BTC, molecular profiling should be carried out early. Ongoing research will bring new targeted treatments and immunotherapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Mirallas
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D López-Valbuena
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - D García-Illescas
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Fabregat-Franco
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Verdaguer
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Macarulla
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Song YP, Lv JW, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhang ZC, Fan YJ, Zhang C, Gao L, Huang Y, Wang H, Xu DX. DNA hydroxymethylation reprogramming of β-oxidation genes mediates early-life arsenic-evoked hepatic lipid accumulation in adult mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128511. [PMID: 35739688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are becoming an epidemic disease endangering public health in countries. Environmental factors are mainly reason for the growth of metabolic disorders. Previous research suggests that DNA methylation is a potential mechanism. Recently, it has been reported that DNA hydroxymethylation is also a stable marker of epigenetic reprogramming. Hence, the study aims to investigate whether DNA hydroxymehylation mediates early-life environmental stress-evoked metabolic disorder in adulthood. Mice were orally administered with arsenic (As), an environmental stressor, throughout pregnancy. We show that early-life As exposure induces glucose intolerance and hepatic lipid accumulation in adulthood. Early-life As exposure alters epigenetic reprogramming and expression of lipid metabolism-related genes including β-oxidation-specific genes in adulthood. Of interest, early-life As exposure alters epigenetic reprogramming of hepatic lipid metabolism partially through reducing DNA hydroxymethylation modification of β-oxidation-related genes in developing liver. Mechanistically, early-life As exposure suppresses ten-eleven translocation (TET) activity through downregulating isocitrate dehydrogenases (Idh) and reducing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) content in the developing liver. In addition, early-life As exposure inhibits TET1 binding to CpG-rich fragments of β-oxidation-related genes in developing liver. This study provide novel evidence that early-life environmental stress leads to later life metabolic disorders by altering hepatic DNA hydroxymethylation reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Song
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jin-Wei Lv
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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29
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Saikiran Reddy M, Bhattacharjee D, Jain N. Plk1 regulates mutant IDH1 enzyme activity and mutant IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110279. [PMID: 35143931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the metabolic enzymes, IDH1 and IDH2 are frequently found in glioma, chondrosarcoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. In our previous study, we showed that mutant IDH1 and IDH2 proteins levels are high in mitosis, and mutant IDH1 enzyme activity increases in mitosis. In another study, we observed that mutant IDH2 is ubiquitinated in mitosis in an APC/C-dependent manner. To orchestrate mitosis, kinases phosphorylate key proteins and regulate their functions. But it is unknown, whether mitotic kinases regulate mutant IDH1 and IDH2. As IDH1 and IDH2 have 66% sequence identity, thus we hypothesized that a common mitotic kinase(s) may regulate mutant IDH1 and IDH2 in mitosis. To test our hypothesis, we examined mutant IDH1 and IDH2 binding to mitotic kinases and determined their role in regulating mutant IDH1 and IDH2 in mitosis. Here, we observed that Cdk1/Cyclin B1 phosphorylated mutant IDH1 and IDH2 binds Plk1. Conserved Plk1 phosphobinding sites in IDH1 and IDH2 are important for Plk1 binding. We found that Plk1 regulates mutant IDH1 enzyme activity and blocking Plk1 decreases D-2HG, whereas, overexpressing Plk1 increases D-2HG levels. Furthermore, blocking Plk1 decreases mutant IDH2 ubiquitination, whereas, overexpressing Plk1 increases mutant IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis. We conclude that Plk1 regulates mutant IDH1 enzyme activity and mutant IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis. Based on our results, we suggest that Plk1 can be a therapeutic target in mutant IDH-linked tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saikiran Reddy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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30
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Zeng P, Lu W, Tian J, Qiao S, Li J, Glorieux C, Wen S, Zhang H, Li Y, Huang P. Reductive TCA cycle catalyzed by wild-type IDH2 promotes acute myeloid leukemia and is a metabolic vulnerability for potential targeted therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:30. [PMID: 35313945 PMCID: PMC8935709 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the metabolic conversion between isocitrate and alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG) in the TCA cycle. IDH2 mutation is an oncogenic event in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to the generation of 2-hydroxyglutarate. However, the role of wild-type IDH2 in AML remains unknown, despite patients with it suffer worse clinical outcome than those harboring mutant type.
Methods IDH2 expression in AML cell lines and patient samples was evaluated by RT-qPCR, western blotting and database analyses. The role of wild-type IDH2 in AML cell survival and proliferation was tested using genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition in AML cells and animal models. LC–MS, GC–MS, isotope metabolic tracing, and molecular analyses were performed to reveal the underlying mechanisms. Results We found that wild-type IDH2 was overexpressed in AML and played a major role in promoting leukemia cell survival and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Metabolomic analyses revealed an active IDH2-mediated reductive TCA cycle that promoted the conversion of α-KG to isocitrate/citrate to facilitate glutamine utilization for lipid synthesis in AML cells. Suppression of wild-type IDH2 by shRNA resulted in elevated α-KG and decreased isocitrate/citrate, leading to reduced lipid synthesis, a significant decrease in c-Myc downregulated by α-KG, and an inhibition of AML viability and proliferation. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of IDH2 showed significant therapeutic effect in mice inoculated with AML cells with wt-IDH2 and induced a downregulation of C-MYC in vivo. Conclusions Wt-IDH2 is an essential molecule for AML cell survival and proliferation by promoting conversion of α-KG to isocitrate for lipid synthesis and by upregulating c-Myc expression and could be a potential therapeutic target in AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01245-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.,Metabolic Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuang Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiangjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Christophe Glorieux
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Metabolic Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China. .,Metabolic Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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31
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Dvoriantchikova G, Lypka KR, Ivanov D. The Potential Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Development of Retinitis Pigmentosa and Related Photoreceptor Dystrophies. Front Genet 2022; 13:827274. [PMID: 35360866 PMCID: PMC8961674 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.827274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa and related photoreceptor dystrophies (RPRPD) are rare retinal diseases caused by hereditary gene mutations resulting in photoreceptor death, followed by vision loss. While numerous genes involved in these diseases have been identified, many cases have still not been associated with any gene, indicating that new mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of these photoreceptor dystrophies. Many genes associated with RPRPD regulate photoreceptor specification and maturation in the developing retina. Since retinal development begins with a population of equivalent, proliferating retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) having a specific “competence” in generating all types of retinal neurons, including cone and rod photoreceptors, we tested the epigenetic changes in promoters of genes required for photoreceptor development and genes associated with RPRPD during RPC differentiation into cone and rod photoreceptors. We found that promoters of many of these genes are epigenetically repressed in RPCs but have no epigenetic restrictions in photoreceptors. Our findings also suggest that DNA methylation as an epigenetic mark, and DNA demethylation as a process, are more important than other epigenetic marks or mechanisms in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Most notably, irregularities in the DNA demethylation process during the RPC-to-photoreceptor transition may significantly contribute to retinitis pigmentosa (RP) pathogenesis since genes with hypermethylated promoters in RPCs account for at least 40% of autosomal recessive RP cases and at least 30% of autosomal dominant RP cases. Thus, we proposed an epigenetic model according to which unsuccessful demethylation of regulatory sequences (e.g., promoters, enhancers) of genes required for photoreceptor development, maturation, and function during the RPC-to-photoreceptor transition may reduce or even eliminate their activity, leading to RPRPD without any inheritable mutations in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Dvoriantchikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Karin Rose Lypka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Dmitry Ivanov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Dmitry Ivanov,
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32
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Huang Y, Gao X, Yang E, Yue K, Cao Y, Zhao B, Zhang H, Dai S, Zhang L, Luo P, Jiang X. Top-down stepwise refinement identifies coding and noncoding RNA-associated epigenetic regulatory maps in malignant glioma. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2230-2250. [PMID: 35194922 PMCID: PMC8995455 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of the molecular era and retreat of the histology epoch in malignant glioma, it is becoming increasingly necessary to research diagnostic/prognostic/therapeutic biomarkers and their related regulatory mechanisms. While accumulating studies have investigated coding gene‐associated biomarkers in malignant glioma, research on comprehensive coding and noncoding RNA‐associated biomarkers is lacking. Furthermore, few studies have illustrated the cross‐talk signalling pathways among these biomarkers and mechanisms in detail. Here, we identified DEGs and ceRNA networks in malignant glioma and then constructed Cox/Lasso regression models to further identify the most valuable genes through stepwise refinement. Top‐down comprehensive integrated analysis, including functional enrichment, SNV, immune infiltration, transcription factor binding site, and molecular docking analyses, further revealed the regulatory maps among these genes. The results revealed a novel and accurate model (AUC of 0.91 and C‐index of 0.84 in the whole malignant gliomas, AUC of 0.90 and C‐index of 0.86 in LGG, and AUC of 0.75 and C‐index of 0.69 in GBM) that includes twelve ncRNAs, 1 miRNA and 6 coding genes. Stepwise logical reasoning based on top‐down comprehensive integrated analysis and references revealed cross‐talk signalling pathways among these genes that were correlated with the circadian rhythm, tumour immune microenvironment and cellular senescence pathways. In conclusion, our work reveals a novel model where the newly identified biomarkers may contribute to a precise diagnosis/prognosis and subclassification of malignant glioma, and the identified cross‐talk signalling pathways would help to illustrate the noncoding RNA‐associated epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of glioma tumorigenesis and aid in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erwan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangyi Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Boyan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haofuzi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuhui Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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33
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A “Weird” Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation as a Metabolic “Secret” of Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2339584. [PMID: 35178152 PMCID: PMC8847026 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2339584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism is an extensively studied field since the discovery of the Warburg effect about 100 years ago and continues to be increasingly intriguing and enigmatic so far. It has become clear that glycolysis is not the only abnormally activated metabolic pathway in the cancer cells, but the same is true for the fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and mevalonate pathway. In the last decade, a lot of data have been accumulated on the pronounced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mFAO) in many types of cancer cells. In this article, we discuss how mFAO can escape normal regulation under certain conditions and be overactivated. Such abnormal activation of mitochondrial β-oxidation can also be combined with mutations in certain enzymes of the Krebs cycle that are common in cancer. If overactivated β-oxidation is combined with other common cancer conditions, such as dysfunctions in the electron transport complexes, and/or hypoxia, this may alter the redox state of the mitochondrial matrix. We propose the idea that the altered mitochondrial redox state and/or inhibited Krebs cycle at certain segments may link mitochondrial β-oxidation to the citrate-malate shuttle instead to the Krebs cycle. We call this abnormal metabolic condition “β-oxidation shuttle”. It is unconventional mFAO, a separate metabolic pathway, unexplored so far as a source of energy, as well as a source of cataplerosis, leading to biomass accumulation, accelerated oxygen consumption, and ultimately a source of proliferation. It is inefficient as an energy source and must consume significantly more oxygen per mole of ATP produced when combined with acetyl-CoA consuming pathways, such as the FAS and mevalonate pathway.
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Alfonso-García A, Zhou X, Bec J, Anbunesan SN, Fereidouni F, Jin LW, Lee HS, Bloch O, Marcu L. First in patient assessment of brain tumor infiltrative margins using simultaneous time-resolved measurements of 5-ALA-induced PpIX fluorescence and tissue autofluorescence. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:020501. [PMID: 35112514 PMCID: PMC8809358 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.2.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence is currently used for image-guided glioma resection. Typically, this widefield imaging method highlights the bulk of high-grade gliomas, but it underperforms at the infiltrating edge where PpIX fluorescence is not visible to the eyes. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIm) has the potential to detect PpIX fluorescence below the visible detection threshold. Moreover, simultaneous acquisition of time-resolved nicotinamide adenine (phosphate) dinucleotide [NAD(P)H] fluorescence may provide metabolic information from the tumor environment to further improve overall tumor detection. AIM We investigate the ability of pulse sampling, fiber-based FLIm to simultaneously image PpIX and NAD(P)H fluorescence of glioma infiltrative margins in patients. APPROACH A mesoscopic fiber-based point-scanning FLIm device (355 nm pulses) was used to simultaneously resolve the fluorescence decay of PpIX (629/53 nm) and NAD(P)H (470/28 nm). The FLIm device enabled data acquisition at room light and rapid (<33 ms) augmentation of FLIm parameters on the surgical field-of-view. FLIm measurements from superficial tumors and tissue areas around the resection margins were performed on three glioblastoma patients in vivo following inspection of PpIX visible fluorescence with a conventional neurosurgical microscope. Microbiopsies were collected from FLIm imaged areas for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The average lifetime from PpIX and NAD(P)H fluorescence distinguished between tumor and surrounding tissue. FLIm measurements of resection margins presented a range of PpIX and NAD(P)H lifetime values (τPpIX ∼ 3 to 14 ns, τNAD(P)H = 3 to 6 ns) associated with unaffected tissue and areas of low-density tumor infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative FLIm could simultaneously detect the emission of PpIX and NAD(P)H from patients in vivo during craniotomy procedures. This approach doubles as a clinical tool to identify tumor areas while performing tissue resection and as a research tool to study tumor microenvironmental changes in vivo. Intraoperative FLIm of 5-ALA-induced PpIX and tissue autofluorescence makes a promising surgical adjunct to guide tumor resection surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alfonso-García
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
| | - Xiangnan Zhou
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
| | - Julien Bec
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
| | - Silvia N. Anbunesan
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- University of California Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- University of California Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Han S. Lee
- University of California Davis, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Orin Bloch
- University of California Davis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Sacramento, California, United States
| | - Laura Marcu
- University of California Davis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Davis, California, United States
- University of California Davis, Department of Neurological Surgery, Sacramento, California, United States
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35
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Stochastic Microsensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Molecular Recognition of the Isocitrate Dehydrogenases 1 and 2. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030460. [PMID: 35159804 PMCID: PMC8839188 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two three-dimensional (3D) stochastic microsensors based on immobilization of protoporphyrin IX (PIX) in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) decorated with copper (Cu) and gold (Au) nanoparticles were designed and used for the molecular recognition of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) in biological samples (brain tumor tissues, whole blood). The linear concentration ranges obtained for the molecular recognition and quantification of IDH1 and IDH2 were: IDH1 (1 × 10−5–1 × 102 ng mL−1) and IDH2 (5 × 10−8 − 5 × 102 ng mL−1). The limits of quantification obtained using the proposed microsensors were: 10 fg mL–1 for IDH1 and 5 × 10−3 fg mL−1 for IDH2. The highest sensitivities were obtained for the microsensor based on MWCNT. High recoveries versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standard method were recorded for the assays of IDH1 and IDH2, all values being higher than 99.00%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 0.10%.
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36
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Lian X, Yang K, Li R, Li M, Zuo J, Zheng B, Wang W, Wang P, Zhou S. Immunometabolic rewiring in tumorigenesis and anti-tumor immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:27. [PMID: 35062950 PMCID: PMC8780708 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism constitutes a fundamental process in biology. During tumor initiation and progression, each cellular component in the cancerous niche undergoes dramatic metabolic reprogramming, adapting to a challenging microenvironment of hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and other stresses. While the metabolic hallmarks of cancer have been extensively studied, the metabolic states of the immune cells are less well elucidated. Here we review the metabolic disturbance and fitness of the immune system in the tumor microenvironment (TME), focusing on the impact of oncometabolites to the function of immune cells and the clinical significance of targeting metabolism in anti-tumor immunotherapy. Metabolic alterations in the immune system of TME offer novel therapeutic insight into cancer treatment.
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37
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Tanase C, Enciu AM, Codrici E, Popescu ID, Dudau M, Dobri AM, Pop S, Mihai S, Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu AA, Hinescu ME. Fatty Acids, CD36, Thrombospondin-1, and CD47 in Glioblastoma: Together and/or Separately? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020604. [PMID: 35054787 PMCID: PMC8776193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive tumors of the central nervous system, characterized by a wide range of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity. Accumulation of fatty acids (FA) metabolites was associated with a low survival rate in high-grade glioma patients. The diversity of brain lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is greater than in all other organs and several classes of proteins, such as FA transport proteins (FATPs), and FA translocases are considered principal candidates for PUFAs transport through BBB and delivery of PUFAs to brain cells. Among these, the CD36 FA translocase promotes long-chain FA uptake as well as oxidated lipoproteins. Moreover, CD36 binds and recognizes thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), an extracellular matrix protein that was shown to play a multifaceted role in cancer as part of the tumor microenvironment. Effects on tumor cells are mediated by TSP-1 through the interaction with CD36 as well as CD47, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. TSP-1/CD47 interactions have an important role in the modulation of glioma cell invasion and angiogenesis in GBM. Separately, FA, the two membrane receptors CD36, CD47, and their joint ligand TSP-1 all play a part in GBM pathogenesis. The last research has put in light their interconnection/interrelationship in order to exert a cumulative effect in the modulation of the GBM molecular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Tanase
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-74-020-4717
| | - Ana Maria Enciu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena Codrici
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Ionela Daniela Popescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Maria Dudau
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Dobri
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, 077160 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sevinci Pop
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Simona Mihai
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Ancuța-Augustina Gheorghișan-Gălățeanu
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- ‘C.I. Parhon’ National Institute of Endocrinology, 001863 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.E.); (E.C.); (I.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.D.); (S.P.); (S.M.); (M.E.H.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
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38
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Cioates Negut C, Stefan-van Staden RI, Badulescu M, Bita B. Disposable stochastic sensors obtained by nanolayer deposition of copper, graphene, and copper-graphene composite on silk for the determination of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1797-1807. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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39
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Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Molecular Basis, Evidences for Preclinical and Clinical Efficacy and Strategies to Target Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225608. [PMID: 34830763 PMCID: PMC8615921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Venetoclax is a BH3-mimetics agent specifically interacting with the antiapoptotic protein BCL-2, facilitating cytochrome c release from mitochondria, subsequent caspases activation, and cell death. Utilization of venetoclax has profoundly changed the landscape of treatment for the poor-prognosis category of AML patients unfit for intensive chemotherapy. In the phase III VIALE-A study, Venetoclax, in combination with the hypomethylating agent azacitidine, showed a 65% overall response rate and 14.7-month overall survival, in comparison with 22% and 8 months in the control arm. These results led to the widespread use of venetoclax in this indication. Other combination regimens, consisting of low-intensity, intensive, or targeted therapies are currently under evaluation. Despite promising results, preventing relapses or resistance to venetoclax is still an unmet clinical need. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify and overcome venetoclax resistance in preclinical models or in clinical trials, including the inhibition of other antiapoptotic proteins, the induction of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins, and/or the targeting of the mitochondrial metabolism and machinery.
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Pham TH, Rao S, Cheng TC, Wang PC, Chen SC. The moonlighting protein fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a potential vaccine candidate against Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 124:104187. [PMID: 34186149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective, safe, and environmentally friendly method to prevent the outbreak of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), a dangerous pathogen in aquaculture worldwide. Here, recombinant proteins of catalase, superoxide dismutase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba), and a mixture of all four proteins were investigated for their immunoprotective effects against photobacteriosis in Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer). After immunization, experimental fish showed an increase in specific antibody levels and lysozyme activities, especially the Fba group. After a lethal challenge with Phdp strain AOD105021, the Fba group achieved the highest relative percentage of survival rate (70.21%) and a significantly lower bacterial load in the spleens than other groups 3 days after infection. The results suggest that Fba is a good candidate for subunit vaccine development against photobacteriosis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Hieu Pham
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shreesha Rao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Chih Cheng
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Rydzewski NR, Peterson E, Lang JM, Yu M, Laura Chang S, Sjöström M, Bakhtiar H, Song G, Helzer KT, Bootsma ML, Chen WS, Shrestha RM, Zhang M, Quigley DA, Aggarwal R, Small EJ, Wahl DR, Feng FY, Zhao SG. Predicting cancer drug TARGETS - TreAtment Response Generalized Elastic-neT Signatures. NPJ Genom Med 2021; 6:76. [PMID: 34548481 PMCID: PMC8455625 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-021-00239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We are now in an era of molecular medicine, where specific DNA alterations can be used to identify patients who will respond to specific drugs. However, there are only a handful of clinically used predictive biomarkers in oncology. Herein, we describe an approach utilizing in vitro DNA and RNA sequencing and drug response data to create TreAtment Response Generalized Elastic-neT Signatures (TARGETS). We trained TARGETS drug response models using Elastic-Net regression in the publicly available Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. Models were then validated on additional in-vitro data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and on clinical samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Stand Up to Cancer/Prostate Cancer Foundation West Coast Prostate Cancer Dream Team (WCDT). First, we demonstrated that all TARGETS models successfully predicted treatment response in the separate in-vitro CCLE treatment response dataset. Next, we evaluated all FDA-approved biomarker-based cancer drug indications in TCGA and demonstrated that TARGETS predictions were concordant with established clinical indications. Finally, we performed independent clinical validation in the WCDT and found that the TARGETS AR signaling inhibitors (ARSI) signature successfully predicted clinical treatment response in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with a statistically significant interaction between the TARGETS score and PSA response (p = 0.0252). TARGETS represents a pan-cancer, platform-independent approach to predict response to oncologic therapies and could be used as a tool to better select patients for existing therapies as well as identify new indications for testing in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Peterson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Menggang Yu
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Laura Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martin Sjöström
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hamza Bakhtiar
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gefei Song
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kyle T Helzer
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew L Bootsma
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William S Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Quigley
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Small
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shuang G Zhao
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
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Liu X, Yamaguchi K, Takane K, Zhu C, Hirata M, Hikiba Y, Maeda S, Furukawa Y, Ikenoue T. Cancer-associated IDH mutations induce Glut1 expression and glucose metabolic disorders through a PI3K/Akt/mTORC1-Hif1α axis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257090. [PMID: 34516556 PMCID: PMC8437293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) mutations and their key effector 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) have been reported to promote oncogenesis in various human cancers. To elucidate molecular mechanism(s) associated with IDH1/2 mutations, we established mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) cells and human colorectal cancer cells stably expressing cancer-associated IDH1R132C or IDH2R172S, and analyzed the change in metabolic characteristics of the these cells. We found that IDH1/2 mutants induced intracellular 2-HG accumulation and inhibited cell proliferation. Expression profile analysis by RNA-seq unveiled that glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) was induced by the IDH1/2 mutants or treatment with 2-HG in the MEF cells. Consistently, glucose uptake and lactate production were increased by the mutants, suggesting the deregulation of glucose metabolism. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and Hif1α expression were involved in the up-regulation of Glut1. Together, these results suggest that Glut1 is a potential target regulated by cancer-associated IDH1/2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Takane
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chi Zhu
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Hikiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shin Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chou FJ, Liu Y, Lang F, Yang C. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Glioma Biology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092345. [PMID: 34571995 PMCID: PMC8464856 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are common genetic abnormalities in glioma, which result in the accumulation of an "oncometabolite", D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). Abnormally elevated D-2-HG levels result in a distinctive pattern in cancer biology, through competitively inhibiting α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/Fe(II)-dependent dioxgenases (α-KGDDs). Recent studies have revealed that D-2-HG affects DNA/histone methylation, hypoxia signaling, DNA repair, and redox homeostasis, which impacts the oncogenesis of IDH-mutated cancers. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of D-2-HG in cancer biology, as well as the emerging opportunities in therapeutics in IDH-mutated glioma.
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44
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Metabolic enzymes function as epigenetic modulators: A Trojan Horse for chromatin regulation and gene expression. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105834. [PMID: 34450321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is a fundamental biological process in living organisms, which has significant impact on health and behavior. Metabolism refers to a set of life-sustaining chemical reactions, including the uptake of nutrients, the subsequent conversion of nutrients into energy or building blocks for organism growth, and finally the clearance of redundant or toxic substances. It is well established that epigenetic modifications govern the metabolic profile of a cell by modulating the expression of metabolic enzymes. Strikingly, almost all the epigenetic modifications require substrates produced by cellular metabolism, and a large proportion of metabolic enzymes can transfer into nucleus to locally produce substrates for epigenetic modification, thereby providing an alternative link between metabolism, epigenetic modification and gene expression. Here, we summarize the recent literature pertinent to metabolic enzymes functioning as epigenetic modulators in the regulation of chromatin architecture and gene expression.
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Murnyak B, Huang LE. Association of TP53 Alteration with Tissue Specificity and Patient Outcome of IDH1-Mutant Glioma. Cells 2021; 10:2116. [PMID: 34440884 PMCID: PMC8394030 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations at Arg132 in glioma, IDH1 hotspot mutations have been identified in cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, leukemia, and various other types of cancer of sporadic incidence. Studies in glioma and leukemia have helped promote the theory that IDH1 mutations are an oncogenic event that drives tumorigenesis in general. Through bioinformatic analysis of more than 45,000 human pan-cancer samples from three independent datasets, we show here that IDH1 mutations are rare events in human cancer but are exclusively prevalent in WHO grade II and grade III (lower-grade) glioma. Interestingly, alterations in the tumor-suppressor gene TP53 (tumor protein p53) co-occur significantly with IDH1 mutations and show a tendency of exclusivity to IDH2 mutations. The co-occurrence of IDH1 mutation and TP53 alteration is widespread in glioma, particularly in those harboring IDH1R132H, IDH1R132G, and IDH1R132S, whereas co-occurrence of IDH1R132C and TP53 alteration can be found sporadically in other cancer types. In keeping with the importance of p53 in tumor suppression, TP53 status is an independent predictor of overall survival irrespective of histological and molecular subgroups in lower-grade glioma. Together, these results indicate tissue specificity of IDH1 hotspot mutation and TP53 alteration and the importance of TP53 status as a predictor of patient outcome in lower-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Murnyak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
| | - L. Eric Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA;
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Traxler L, Lagerwall J, Eichhorner S, Stefanoni D, D'Alessandro A, Mertens J. Metabolism navigates neural cell fate in development, aging and neurodegeneration. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048993. [PMID: 34345916 PMCID: PMC8353098 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An uninterrupted energy supply is critical for the optimal functioning of all our organs, and in this regard the human brain is particularly energy dependent. The study of energy metabolic pathways is a major focus within neuroscience research, which is supported by genetic defects in the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism often contributing towards neurodevelopmental disorders and changes in glucose metabolism presenting as a hallmark feature in age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders. However, as recent studies have illuminated roles of cellular metabolism that span far beyond mere energetics, it would be valuable to first comprehend the physiological involvement of metabolic pathways in neural cell fate and function, and to subsequently reconstruct their impact on diseases of the brain. In this Review, we first discuss recent evidence that implies metabolism as a master regulator of cell identity during neural development. Additionally, we examine the cell type-dependent metabolic states present in the adult brain. As metabolic states have been studied extensively as crucial regulators of malignant transformation in cancer, we reveal how knowledge gained from the field of cancer has aided our understanding in how metabolism likewise controls neural fate determination and stability by directly wiring into the cellular epigenetic landscape. We further summarize research pertaining to the interplay between metabolic alterations and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, and expose how an improved understanding of metabolic cell fate control might assist in the development of new concepts to combat age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Traxler
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Jessica Lagerwall
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Sophie Eichhorner
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
| | - Davide Stefanoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Neural Aging Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Biology, CMBI, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Tyrol 6020, Austria
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Targeted Therapies in Rare Brain Tumours. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157949. [PMID: 34360713 PMCID: PMC8348084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare central nervous system (CNS) tumours represent a unique challenge. Given the difficulty of conducting dedicated clinical trials, there is a lack of therapies for these tumours supported by high quality evidence, and knowledge regarding the impact of standard treatments (i.e., surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy) is commonly based on retrospective studies. Recently, new molecular techniques have led to the discovery of actionable molecular alterations. The aim of this article is to review recent progress in the molecular understanding of and therapeutic options for rare brain tumours, both in children and adults. We will discuss options such as targeting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in subependymal giant cells astrocytomas (SEGAs) of tuberous sclerosis and BRAF V600E mutation in rare glial (pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas) or glioneuronal (gangliogliomas) tumours, which are a model of how specific molecular treatments can also favourably impact neurological symptoms (such as seizures) and quality of life. Moreover, we will discuss initial experiences in targeting new molecular alterations in gliomas, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations and neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions, and in medulloblastomas such as the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway.
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DNA methylation and histone variants in aging and cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 364:1-110. [PMID: 34507780 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related diseases such as cancer can be traced to the accumulation of molecular disorder including increased DNA mutations and epigenetic drift. We provide a comprehensive review of recent results in mice and humans on modifications of DNA methylation and histone variants during aging and in cancer. Accumulated errors in DNA methylation maintenance lead to global decreases in DNA methylation with relaxed repression of repeated DNA and focal hypermethylation blocking the expression of tumor suppressor genes. Epigenetic clocks based on quantifying levels of DNA methylation at specific genomic sites is proving to be a valuable metric for estimating the biological age of individuals. Histone variants have specialized functions in transcriptional regulation and genome stability. Their concentration tends to increase in aged post-mitotic chromatin, but their effects in cancer are mainly determined by their specialized functions. Our increased understanding of epigenetic regulation and their modifications during aging has motivated interventions to delay or reverse epigenetic modifications using the epigenetic clocks as a rapid readout for efficacity. Similarly, the knowledge of epigenetic modifications in cancer is suggesting new approaches to target these modifications for cancer therapy.
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Wiecek AJ, Jacobson DH, Lason W, Secrier M. Pan-Cancer Survey of Tumor Mass Dormancy and Underlying Mutational Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:698659. [PMID: 34307377 PMCID: PMC8299471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.698659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor mass dormancy is the key intermediate step between immune surveillance and cancer progression, yet due to its transitory nature it has been difficult to capture and characterize. Little is understood of its prevalence across cancer types and of the mutational background that may favor such a state. While this balance is finely tuned internally by the equilibrium between cell proliferation and cell death, the main external factors contributing to tumor mass dormancy are immunological and angiogenic. To understand the genomic and cellular context in which tumor mass dormancy may develop, we comprehensively profiled signals of immune and angiogenic dormancy in 9,631 cancers from the Cancer Genome Atlas and linked them to tumor mutagenesis. We find evidence for immunological and angiogenic dormancy-like signals in 16.5% of bulk sequenced tumors, with a frequency of up to 33% in certain tissues. Mutations in the CASP8 and HRAS oncogenes were positively selected in dormant tumors, suggesting an evolutionary pressure for controlling cell growth/apoptosis signals. By surveying the mutational damage patterns left in the genome by known cancer risk factors, we found that aging-induced mutations were relatively depleted in these tumors, while patterns of smoking and defective base excision repair were linked with increased tumor mass dormancy. Furthermore, we identified a link between APOBEC mutagenesis and dormancy, which comes in conjunction with immune exhaustion and may partly depend on the expression of the angiogenesis regulator PLG as well as interferon and chemokine signals. Tumor mass dormancy also appeared to be impaired in hypoxic conditions in the majority of cancers. The microenvironment of dormant cancers was enriched in cytotoxic and regulatory T cells, as expected, but also in macrophages and showed a reduction in inflammatory Th17 signals. Finally, tumor mass dormancy was linked with improved patient survival outcomes. Our analysis sheds light onto the complex interplay between dormancy, exhaustion, APOBEC activity and hypoxia, and sets directions for future mechanistic explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Julia Wiecek
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Hadar Jacobson
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wojciech Lason
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Secrier
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Abstract
The genetic information of human cells is stored in the context of chromatin, which is subjected to DNA methylation and various histone modifications. Such a 'language' of chromatin modification constitutes a fundamental means of gene and (epi)genome regulation, underlying a myriad of cellular and developmental processes. In recent years, mounting evidence has demonstrated that miswriting, misreading or mis-erasing of the modification language embedded in chromatin represents a common, sometimes early and pivotal, event across a wide range of human cancers, contributing to oncogenesis through the induction of epigenetic, transcriptomic and phenotypic alterations. It is increasingly clear that cancer-related metabolic perturbations and oncohistone mutations also directly impact chromatin modification, thereby promoting cancerous transformation. Phase separation-based deregulation of chromatin modulators and chromatin structure is also emerging to be an important underpinning of tumorigenesis. Understanding the various molecular pathways that underscore a misregulated chromatin language in cancer, together with discovery and development of more effective drugs to target these chromatin-related vulnerabilities, will enhance treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gang Greg Wang
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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