1
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Robinson JPW, Benkwitt CE, Maire E, Morais R, Schiettekatte NMD, Skinner C, Brandl SJ. Quantifying energy and nutrient fluxes in coral reef food webs. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:467-478. [PMID: 38105132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The movement of energy and nutrients through ecological communities represents the biological 'pulse' underpinning ecosystem functioning and services. However, energy and nutrient fluxes are inherently difficult to observe, particularly in high-diversity systems such as coral reefs. We review advances in the quantification of fluxes in coral reef fishes, focusing on four key frameworks: demographic modelling, bioenergetics, micronutrients, and compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA). Each framework can be integrated with underwater surveys, enabling researchers to scale organismal processes to ecosystem properties. This has revealed how small fish support biomass turnover, pelagic subsidies sustain fisheries, and fisheries benefit human health. Combining frameworks, closing data gaps, and expansion to other aquatic ecosystems can advance understanding of how fishes contribute to ecosystem functions and services.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P W Robinson
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | | | - Eva Maire
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Renato Morais
- Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, École Pratique des Hautes Études, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Perpignan 66860, France
| | | | - Christina Skinner
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Simon J Brandl
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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2
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Zhang H, Zheng X. Invariable distribution of co-evolutionary complex adaptive systems with agent's behavior and local topological configuration. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2024; 21:3229-3261. [PMID: 38454726 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2024143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a dynamical Multi-Local-Worlds (MLW) complex adaptive system with co-evolution of agent's behavior and local topological configuration to predict whether agents' behavior would converge to a certain invariable distribution and derive the conditions that should be satisfied by the invariable distribution of the optimal strategies in a dynamical system structure. To this end, a Markov process controlled by agent's behavior and local graphic topology configuration was constructed to describe the dynamic case's interaction property. After analysis, the invariable distribution of the system was obtained using the stochastic process method. Then, three kinds of agent's behavior (smart, normal, and irrational) coupled with corresponding behaviors, were introduced as an example to prove that their strategies converge to a certain invariable distribution. The results showed that an agent selected his/her behavior according to the evolution of random complex networks driven by preferential attachment and a volatility mechanism with its payment, which made the complex adaptive system evolve. We conclude that the corresponding invariable distribution was determined by agent's behavior, the system's topology configuration, the agent's behavior noise, and the system population. The invariable distribution with agent's behavior noise tending to zero differed from that with the population tending to infinity. The universal conclusion, corresponding to the properties of both dynamical MLW complex adaptive system and cooperative/non-cooperative game that are much closer to the common property of actual economic and management events that have not been analyzed before, is instrumental in substantiating managers' decision-making in the development of traffic systems, urban models, industrial clusters, technology innovation centers, and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebing Zhang
- School of Intelligent Manufacture, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojing Zheng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Güell-Bujons Q, Zanoli M, Tuval I, Calbet A, Simó R. Distinctive chemotactic responses of three marine herbivore protists to DMSP and related compounds. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae130. [PMID: 38995932 PMCID: PMC11283757 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Marine planktonic predator-prey interactions occur in microscale seascapes, where diffusing chemicals may act either as chemotactic cues that enhance or arrest predation, or as elemental resources that are complementary to prey ingestion. The phytoplankton osmolyte dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its degradation products dimethylsulfide (DMS) and acrylate are pervasive compounds with high chemotactic potential, but there is a longstanding controversy over whether they act as grazing enhancers or deterrents. Here, we investigated the chemotactic responses of three herbivorous dinoflagellates to point-sourced, microscale gradients of dissolved DMSP, DMS, and acrylate. We found no evidence for acrylate being a chemotactic repellent and observed a weak attractor role of DMS. DMSP behaved as a strong chemoattractor whose potential for grazing facilitation through effects on swimming patterns and aggregation depends on the grazer's feeding mode and ability to incorporate DMSP. Our study reveals that predation models will fail to predict grazing impacts unless they incorporate chemotaxis-driven searching and finding of prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Queralt Güell-Bujons
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Medea Zanoli
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Idan Tuval
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Albert Calbet
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafel Simó
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, ICM-CSIC, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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4
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Jacoby DMP, Piper AT. What acoustic telemetry can and cannot tell us about fish biology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37837176 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic telemetry (AT) has become ubiquitous in aquatic monitoring and fish biology, conservation, and management. Since the early use of active ultrasonic tracking that required researchers to follow at a distance their species of interest, the field has diversified considerably, with exciting advances in both hydrophone and transmitter technology. Once a highly specialized methodology, however, AT is fast becoming a generalist tool for those wishing to study or conserve fishes, leading to diversifying application by non-specialists. With this transition in mind, we evaluate exactly what AT has become useful for, discussing how the technological and analytical advances around AT can address important questions within fish biology. In doing so, we highlight the key ecological and applied research areas where AT continues to reveal crucial new insights and, in particular, when combined with complimentary research approaches. We provide a comprehensive breakdown of the state of the art for applications of AT, discussing the ongoing challenges, where its strengths lie, and how future developments may revolutionize fisheries management, behavioral ecology and species protection. Through selected papers we illustrate specific applications across the broad spectrum of fish biology. By bringing together the recent and future developments in this field under categories designed to broadly capture many aspects of fish biology, we hope to offer a useful guide for the non-specialist practitioner as they attempt to navigate the dizzying array of considerations and ongoing developments within this diverse toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M P Jacoby
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Adam T Piper
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
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5
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Watanabe YY, Papastamatiou YP. Biologging and Biotelemetry: Tools for Understanding the Lives and Environments of Marine Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2023; 11:247-267. [PMID: 36790885 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-050322-073657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Addressing important questions in animal ecology, physiology, and environmental science often requires in situ information from wild animals. This difficulty is being overcome by biologging and biotelemetry, or the use of miniaturized animal-borne sensors. Although early studies recorded only simple parameters of animal movement, advanced devices and analytical methods can now provide rich information on individual and group behavior, internal states, and the surrounding environment of free-ranging animals, especially those in marine systems. We summarize the history of technologies used to track marine animals. We then identify seven major research categories of marine biologging and biotelemetry and explain significant achievements, as well as future opportunities. Big data approaches via international collaborations will be key to tackling global environmental issues (e.g., climate change impacts), and curiosity about the secret lives of marine animals will also remain a major driver of biologging and biotelemetry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Y Watanabe
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan; .,Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yannis P Papastamatiou
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
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6
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Peller T, Guichard F, Altermatt F. The significance of partial migration for food web and ecosystem dynamics. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:3-22. [PMID: 36443028 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Migration is ubiquitous and can strongly shape food webs and ecosystems. Less familiar, however, is that the majority of life cycle, seasonal and diel migrations in nature are partial migrations: only a fraction of the population migrates while the other individuals remain in their resident ecosystem. Here, we demonstrate different impacts of partial migration rendering it fundamental to our understanding of the significance of migration for food web and ecosystem dynamics. First, partial migration affects the spatiotemporal distribution of individuals and the food web and ecosystem-level processes they drive differently than expected under full migration. Second, whether an individual migrates or not is regularly correlated with morphological, physiological, and/or behavioural traits that shape its food-web and ecosystem-level impacts. Third, food web and ecosystem dynamics can drive the fraction of the population migrating, enabling the potential for feedbacks between the causes and consequences of migration within and across ecosystems. These impacts, individually and in combination, can yield unintuitive effects of migration and drive the dynamics, diversity and functions of ecosystems. By presenting the first full integration of partial migration and trophic (meta-)community and (meta-)ecosystem ecology, we provide a roadmap for studying how migration affects and is affected by ecosystem dynamics in a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianna Peller
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Eawag: Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Eawag: Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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7
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Testud G, Canonne C, Le Petitcorps Q, Picard D, Lengagne T, Labarraque D, Miaud C. Improving trajectories of amphibians in wildlife passages. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.958655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear transport infrastructure can alter the viability of populations and wildlife passages are used to mitigate their impacts. The assessment of their outcomes is often limited to recording the use of the tunnels by a focal species. For amphibians, the effectiveness of tunnels is poorly evaluated with little information about whether certain features encourage individuals that may be reluctant to pass through tunnels. One study showed that acoustic enrichment with anuran calls can increase the crossing of tunnels by newts. This study recorded the behavior of three European amphibian species in three tunnels, tracking them with PIT tags and detection with four RFID antennas installed on the floor of the tunnels. We tested (1) the effectiveness of the antennas in detecting the species, (2) the effect of the length of the tunnels, and (3) the effect of acoustic enrichment. Using a multi-state capture–recapture model, we evaluated the probability of an individual advancing between the tunnel sections. The effectiveness of the antennas varied according to species, higher for Urodela species than for Anuran species. Several types of paths were detected (constant and varying speeds, halt, and back-and-forth movements). The fire salamander and the great crested newt individuals exhibited a similar variety of movements in the tunnels (21 and 40 m length). Triturus cristatus made similar movements in the tunnels with and without acoustic enrichment. In water frogs, all the individuals (n = 16) made a complete crossing in the tunnel with enrichment vs. 75% (n = 71) in the tunnel without enrichment. In T. cristatus, the probability of going forward at the entrance of the tunnel was 18% higher with enrichment in one tunnel. No significant effect of acoustic enrichment was observed in two others tunnels for this species. In Pelophylax esculentus, this probability was 78% higher in the tunnel with enrichment. This multi-antenna RFID system was able to provide valuable information on the behavior of these small animals when traversing the tunnels, as well as to test the effectiveness of tunnel features. The findings indicate that acoustic enrichment to attract animals to specific locations holds promise as a new conservation tool.
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8
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Esquivel KE, Hesselbarth MHK, Allgeier JE. Mechanistic support for increased primary production around artificial reefs. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2617. [PMID: 35368128 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors controlling primary production is fundamental for the protection, management, and restoration of ecosystems. Tropical seagrass ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems worldwide, yielding tremendous services for society. Yet they are also among the most impaired from anthropogenic stressors, prompting calls for ecosystem-based restoration approaches. Artificial reefs (ARs) are commonly applied in coastal marine ecosystems to rebuild failing fisheries and have recently gained attention for their potential to promote carbon sequestration. Nutrient hotspots formed via excretion from aggregating fishes have been empirically shown to enhance local primary production around ARs in seagrass systems. Yet, if and how increased local production affects primary production at ecosystem scale remains unclear, and empirical tests are challenging. We used a spatially explicit individual-based simulation model that combined a data-rich single-nutrient primary production model for seagrass and bioenergetics models for fish to test how aggregating fish on ARs affect seagrass primary production at patch and ecosystem scales. Specifically, we tested how the aggregation of fish alters (i) ecosystem seagrass primary production at varying fish densities and levels of ambient nutrient availability and (ii) the spatial distribution of seagrass primary production. Comparing model ecosystems with equivalent nutrient levels, we found that when fish aggregate around ARs, ecosystem-scale primary production is enhanced synergistically. This synergistic increase in production was caused by nonlinear dynamics associated with nutrient uptake and biomass allocation that enhances aboveground primary production more than belowground production. Seagrass production increased near the AR and decreased in areas away from the AR, despite marginal reductions in seagrass biomass at the ecosystem level. Our simulation's findings that ARs can increase ecosystem production provide novel support for ARs in seagrass ecosystems as an effective means to promote (i) fishery restoration (increased primary production can increase energy input to the food web) and (ii) carbon sequestration, via higher rates of primary production. Although our model represents a simplified, closed seagrass system without complex trophic interactions, it nonetheless provides an important first step in quantifying ecosystem-level implications of ARs as a tool for ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo E Esquivel
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Jacob E Allgeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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9
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Luiz OJ, Olden JD, Kennard MJ, Crook DA, Douglas MM, Saunders TM, Wedd D, Adair B, King AJ. Substantial intraspecific trait variation across a hydrological gradient in northern Australian fishes. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Osmar J. Luiz
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| | - Julian D. Olden
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - Mark J. Kennard
- Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Nathan Queensland Australia
| | - David A. Crook
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems La Trobe University Wodonga Victoria Australia
| | - Michael M. Douglas
- School of Biological Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Thor M. Saunders
- Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| | - Dion Wedd
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| | - Brendan Adair
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
| | - Alison J. King
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods Charles Darwin University Darwin Northern Territory Australia
- Centre for Freshwater Ecosystems La Trobe University Wodonga Victoria Australia
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10
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Benkwitt CE, Carr P, Wilson SK, Graham NAJ. Seabird diversity and biomass enhance cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220195. [PMID: 35538790 PMCID: PMC9091852 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile consumers are key vectors of cross-ecosystem nutrients, yet have experienced population declines which threaten their ability to fill this role. Despite their importance and vulnerability, there is little information on how consumer biodiversity, in addition to biomass, influences the magnitude of nutrient subsidies. Here, we show that both biomass and diversity of seabirds enhanced the provisioning of nutrients across tropical islands and coral reefs, but their relative influence varied across systems. Seabird biomass was particularly important for terrestrial and near-shore subsidies and enhancing fish biomass, while seabird diversity was associated with nutrient subsidies further offshore. The positive effects of diversity were likely driven by high functional complementarity among seabird species in traits related to nutrient storage and provisioning. However, introduced rats and non-native vegetation reduced seabird biomass and diversity, with rats having a stronger effect on biomass and vegetation having a stronger effect on diversity. Accordingly, the restoration of cross-ecosystem nutrient flows provided by seabirds will likely be most successful when both stressors are removed, thus protecting both high biomass and diversity. Recognizing the importance of mobile consumer diversity and biomass, and their underlying drivers, is a necessary step to conserving these species and the ecosystem functions they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Carr
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Outer Circle, Regent's Park, London NW1 4RY, UK,Chagos Conservation Trust, 23 The Avenue, Sandy, Beds SG19 1ER, UK
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Marine Science Program, Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, Australia,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawly, Western Australia, Australia
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11
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Costa-Pereira R, Moll RJ, Jesmer BR, Jetz W. Animal tracking moves community ecology: Opportunities and challenges. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1334-1344. [PMID: 35388473 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
1. Individual decisions regarding how, why, and when organisms interact with one another and with their environment scale up to shape patterns and processes in communities. Recent evidence has firmly established the prevalence of intraspecific variation in nature and its relevance in community ecology, yet challenges associated with collecting data on large numbers of individual conspecifics and heterospecifics has hampered integration of individual variation into community ecology. 2. Nevertheless, recent technological and statistical advances in GPS-tracking, remote sensing, and behavioral ecology offer a toolbox for integrating intraspecific variation into community processes. More than simply describing where organisms go, movement data provide unique information about interactions and environmental associations from which a true individual-to-community framework can be built. 3. By linking the movement paths of both conspecifics and heterospecifics with environmental data, ecologists can now simultaneously quantify intra- and interspecific variation regarding the Eltonian (biotic interactions) and Grinnellian (environmental conditions) factors underpinning community assemblage and dynamics, yet substantial logistical and analytical challenges must be addressed for these approaches to realize their full potential. 4. Across communities, empirical integration of Eltonian and Grinnellian factors can support conservation applications and reveal metacommunity dynamics via tracking-based dispersal data. As the logistical and analytical challenges associated with multi-species tracking are surmounted, we envision a future where individual movements and their ecological and environmental signatures will bring resolution to many enduring issues in community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Costa-Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil
| | - Remington J Moll
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, 56 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Brett R Jesmer
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walter Jetz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, 165 Prospect St., New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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12
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Cloyed CS, Wilson RM, Balmer BC, Hohn AA, Schwacke LH, Zolman ES, Tumlin MC, Wells RS, Barleycorn AA, Allen JB, Carmichael RH. Specialization of a mobile, apex predator affects trophic coupling among adjacent habitats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19611. [PMID: 34608172 PMCID: PMC8490471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobile, apex predators are commonly assumed to stabilize food webs through trophic coupling across spatially distinct habitats. The assumption that trophic coupling is common remains largely untested, despite evidence that individual behaviors might limit trophic coupling. We used stable isotope data from common bottlenose dolphins across the Gulf of Mexico to determine if these apex predators coupled estuarine and adjacent, nearshore marine habitats. δ13C values differed among the sites, likely driven by environmental factors that varied at each site, such as freshwater input and seagrass cover. Within most sites, δ13C values differed such that dolphins sampled in the upper reaches of embayments had values indicative of estuarine habitats while those sampled outside or in lower reaches of embayments had values indicative of marine habitats. δ15N values were more similar among and within sites than δ13C values. Data from multiple tissues within individuals corroborated that most dolphins consistently used a narrow range of habitats but fed at similar trophic levels in estuarine and marine habitats. Because these dolphins exhibited individual habitat specialization, they likely do not contribute to trophic coupling between estuarine and adjacent marine habitats at a regional scale, suggesting that not all mobile, apex predators trophically couple adjacent habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl S Cloyed
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA. .,Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA.
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Brian C Balmer
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Aleta A Hohn
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Lori H Schwacke
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Eric S Zolman
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, 92106, USA
| | - Mandy C Tumlin
- Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Randall S Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Aaron A Barleycorn
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Jason B Allen
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, 34236, USA
| | - Ruth H Carmichael
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, AL, 36528, USA.,Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
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13
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Li B, Liang W, Liu QX, Fu S, Ma C, Chen Q, Su L, Craig NJ, Shi H. Fish Ingest Microplastics Unintentionally. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10471-10479. [PMID: 34297559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (size of plastic debris <5 mm) occur in various environments worldwide these days and cause detrimental effects on biota. However, the behavioral responses of fish to microplastics in feeding processes are not well understood. In the present study, juveniles from four fish species and two common shapes of microplastics were used to explore fish feeding responses. We found swallowing-feeding fish ingested more pellets than filtering- and sucking-feeding fish. With high-definition and high-speed observational experiments, we found that all species did not actively capture microfibers; instead, they passively sucked in microfibers while breathing. Surprisingly, fish showed a rejective behavior, which was spontaneously coughing up microfibers mixed with mucus. Nevertheless, some of the microfibers were still found in the gastrointestinal tracts and gills of fish, while abundances of ingested microfibers were increased in the presence of food. Our findings reveal a common phenomenon that fish ingest microplastics inadvertently rather than intentionally. We also provide insights into the pathways via which microplastics enter fish and potential strategies to assess future ecological risk and food safety related to microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weiwenhui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Quan-Xing Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shijian Fu
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Physiology and Behavior, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Cuizhu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Nicholas J Craig
- School of Biosciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Des Roches S, Pendleton LH, Shapiro B, Palkovacs EP. Conserving intraspecific variation for nature's contributions to people. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:574-582. [PMID: 33649544 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The rapid loss of intraspecific variation is a hidden biodiversity crisis. Intraspecific variation, which includes the genomic and phenotypic diversity found within and among populations, is threatened by local extinctions, abundance declines, and anthropogenic selection. However, biodiversity assessments often fail to highlight this loss of diversity within species. We review the literature on how intraspecific variation supports critical ecological functions and nature's contributions to people (NCP). Results show that the main categories of NCP (material, non-material, and regulating) are supported by intraspecific variation. We highlight new strategies that are needed to further explore these connections and to make explicit the value of intraspecific variation for NCP. These strategies will require collaboration with local and Indigenous groups who possess critical knowledge on the relationships between intraspecific variation and ecosystem function. New genomic methods provide a promising set of tools to uncover hidden variation. Urgent action is needed to document, conserve, and restore the intraspecific variation that supports nature and people. Thus, we propose that the maintenance and restoration of intraspecific variation should be raised to a major global conservation objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Des Roches
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Linwood H Pendleton
- Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution - Ocean, Lysaker, Norway.,Ifremer, CNRS, UMR 6308, AMURE, IUEM University of Western Brittany, Plouzané, France.,Global Change Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Eric P Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
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The battle between harvest and natural selection creates small and shy fish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009451118. [PMID: 33619086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009451118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Harvest of fish and wildlife, both commercial and recreational, is a selective force that can induce evolutionary changes to life history and behavior. Naturally selective forces may create countering selection pressures. Assessing natural fitness represents a considerable challenge in broadcast spawners. Thus, our understanding about the relative strength of natural and fisheries selection is slim. In the field, we compared the strength and shape of harvest selection to natural selection on body size over four years and behavior over one year in a natural population of a freshwater top predator, the northern pike (Esox lucius). Natural selection was approximated by relative reproductive success via parent-offspring genetic assignments over four years. Harvest selection was measured by comparing individuals susceptible to recreational angling with individuals never captured by this gear type. Individual behavior was measured by high-resolution acoustic telemetry. Harvest and natural size selection operated with equal strength but opposing directions, and harvest size selection was consistently negative in all study years. Harvest selection also had a substantial behavioral component independent of body length, while natural behavioral selection was not documented, suggesting the potential for directional harvest selection favoring inactive, timid fish. Simulations of the outcomes of different fishing regulations showed that traditional minimum size-based harvest limits are unlikely to counteract harvest selection without being completely restrictive. Our study suggests harvest selection may be inevitable and recreational fisheries may thus favor small, inactive, shy, and difficult-to-capture fish. Increasing fractions of shy fish in angling-exploited stocks would have consequences for stock assessment and all fisheries operating with hook and line.
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Des Roches S, Brans KI, Lambert MR, Rivkin LR, Savage AM, Schell CJ, Correa C, De Meester L, Diamond SE, Grimm NB, Harris NC, Govaert L, Hendry AP, Johnson MTJ, Munshi‐South J, Palkovacs EP, Szulkin M, Urban MC, Verrelli BC, Alberti M. Socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics in cities. Evol Appl 2021; 14:248-267. [PMID: 33519968 PMCID: PMC7819562 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cities are uniquely complex systems regulated by interactions and feedbacks between nature and human society. Characteristics of human society-including culture, economics, technology and politics-underlie social patterns and activity, creating a heterogeneous environment that can influence and be influenced by both ecological and evolutionary processes. Increasing research on urban ecology and evolutionary biology has coincided with growing interest in eco-evolutionary dynamics, which encompasses the interactions and reciprocal feedbacks between evolution and ecology. Research on both urban evolutionary biology and eco-evolutionary dynamics frequently focuses on contemporary evolution of species that have potentially substantial ecological-and even social-significance. Still, little work fully integrates urban evolutionary biology and eco-evolutionary dynamics, and rarely do researchers in either of these fields fully consider the role of human social patterns and processes. Because cities are fundamentally regulated by human activities, are inherently interconnected and are frequently undergoing social and economic transformation, they represent an opportunity for ecologists and evolutionary biologists to study urban "socio-eco-evolutionary dynamics." Through this new framework, we encourage researchers of urban ecology and evolution to fully integrate human social drivers and feedbacks to increase understanding and conservation of ecosystems, their functions and their contributions to people within and outside cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Des Roches
- Department of Urban Design and PlanningUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Kristien I. Brans
- Department of BiologyLaboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Max R. Lambert
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - L. Ruth Rivkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Urban EnvironmentsUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Amy Marie Savage
- Department of BiologyCenter for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNJUSA
| | - Christopher J. Schell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and SciencesUniversity of Washington TacomaTacomaWAUSA
| | - Cristian Correa
- Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos NaturalesInstituto de Conservación Biodiversidad y TerritorioUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
- Centro de Humedales Río CrucesUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Luc De Meester
- Department of BiologyLaboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and ConservationKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Institute of BiologyFreie UniversitätBerlinGermany
- Leibniz Institut für Gewasserökologie und BinnenfischereiBerlinGermany
| | - Sarah E. Diamond
- Department of BiologyCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Nancy B. Grimm
- School of Life SciencesArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | - Nyeema C. Harris
- Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Lynn Govaert
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Aquatic EcologySwiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDuebendorfSwitzerland
| | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Department of BiologyRedpath MuseumMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Marc T. J. Johnson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
- Centre for Urban EnvironmentsUniversity of Toronto MississaugaMississaugaONCanada
| | - Jason Munshi‐South
- Department of Biological Sciences and Louis Calder CenterFordham UniversityArmonkNYUSA
| | - Eric P. Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCAUSA
| | - Marta Szulkin
- Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Mark C. Urban
- Center of Biological Risk and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCTUSA
| | - Brian C. Verrelli
- Center for Life Sciences EducationVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Marina Alberti
- Department of Urban Design and PlanningUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
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Rezek RJ, Massie JA, Nelson JA, Santos RO, Viadero NM, Boucek RE, Rehage JS. Individual consumer movement mediates food web coupling across a coastal ecosystem. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Rezek
- Department of Earth and Environment Institute of Environment Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
| | - Jordan A. Massie
- Department of Earth and Environment Institute of Environment Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
| | - James A. Nelson
- Department of Biology University of Louisiana 410 E. St. Mary Boulevard Lafayette Louisiana70504USA
| | - Rolando O. Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences Institute of Environment Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
| | - Natasha M. Viadero
- Department of Earth and Environment Institute of Environment Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
| | - Ross E. Boucek
- Bonefish & Tarpon Trust 135 San Lorenzo Avenue, Suite 860 Coral Gables Florida33146USA
| | - Jennifer S. Rehage
- Department of Earth and Environment Institute of Environment Florida International University 11200 SW 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
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18
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Závorka L, Lassus R, Britton JR, Cucherousset J. Phenotypic responses of invasive species to removals affect ecosystem functioning and restoration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:5693-5704. [PMID: 33463893 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reducing the abundances of invasive species by removals aims to minimize their ecological impacts and enable ecosystem recovery. Removal methods are usually selective, modifying phenotypic traits in the managed populations. However, there is little empirical evidence of how removal-driven changes in multiple phenotypic traits of surviving individuals of invasive species can affect ecosystem functioning and recovery. Overcoming this knowledge gap is highly relevant because individuals are the elemental units of ecological processes and so integrating individual-level responses into the management of biological invasions could improve their efficiency. Here we provide novel demonstration that removals by trapping, angling and biocontrol from lakes of the globally invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii induced substantial changes in multiple phenotypic traits. A mesocosm experiment then revealed that these changes in phenotypic traits constrain recovery of basic ecosystem functions (decomposition of organic matter, benthic primary production) by acting in the opposite direction than the effects of reduced invader abundance. However, only minor ecological impacts of invader abundance and phenotypic traits variation remained a year after its complete eradication. Our study provides quantitative evidence to an original idea that removal-driven trait changes can dampen recovery of invaded ecosystems even when the abundance of invasive species is substantially reduced. We suggest that the phenotypic responses of invaders to the removal programme have strong effects on ecosystem recovery and should be considered within the management of biological invasions, particularly when complete eradication is not achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Závorka
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Lassus
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - John Robert Britton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Julien Cucherousset
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), CNRS, Université de Toulouse, IRD, Toulouse, France
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