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Li J, Ji Q, Wang R, Zhang ZG, Wang X, Xiao M, Lu YQ, Zhang C. Charge Generation Dynamics in Organic Photovoltaic Blends under One-Sun-Equivalent Illumination Detected by Highly Sensitive Terahertz Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20312-20322. [PMID: 38980945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices attain high performance with nonfullerene acceptors by utilizing the synergistic dual channels of charge generation that originate from excitations in both the donor and acceptor materials. However, the specific intermediate states that facilitate both channels are subject to debate. To address this issue, we employ time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy with improved sensitivity (ΔE/E < 10-6), enabling direct probing of charge generation dynamics in a prototypical PM6:Y6 bulk heterojunction system under one-sun-equivalent excitation density. Charge generation arising from donor excitations is characterized with a rise time of ∼9 ps, while that from acceptor excitations shows a rise time of ∼18 ps. Temperature-dependent measurements further reveal notably distinct activation energies for these two charge generation pathways. Additionally, the two channels of charge generation can be substantially manipulated by altering the ratio of bulk to interfaces. These findings strongly suggest the presence of two distinct intermediate states: interfacial and intramoiety excitations. These states are crucial in mediating the transfer of electrons and holes, driving charge generation within OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qing Ji
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Nanjing University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic/Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Yan-Qing Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Institute of Materials Engineering, Nanjing University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, China
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2
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He W, Cheng X, Hu S, Ren Z, Yu Z, Wan S, Hu Y, Jiang T. Color coded metadevices toward programmed terahertz switching. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:142. [PMID: 38914544 PMCID: PMC11196690 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz modulators play a critical role in high-speed wireless communication, non-destructive imaging, and so on, which have attracted a large amount of research interest. Nevertheless, all-optical terahertz modulation, an ultrafast dynamical control approach, remains to be limited in terms of encoding and multifunction. Here we experimentally demonstrated an optical-programmed terahertz switching realized by combining optical metasurfaces with the terahertz metasurface, resulting in 2-bit dual-channel terahertz encoding. The terahertz metasurface, made up of semiconductor islands and artificial microstructures, enables effective all-optical programming by providing multiple frequency channels with ultrafast modulation at the nanosecond level. Meanwhile, optical metasurfaces covered in terahertz metasurface alter the spatial light field distribution to obtain color code. According to the time-domain coupled mode theory analysis, the energy dissipation modes in terahertz metasurface can be independently controlled by color excitation, which explains the principle of 2-bit encoding well. This work establishes a platform for all-optical programmed terahertz metadevices and may further advance the application of composite metasurface in terahertz manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao He
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang'ai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of High Energy Laser Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Siyang Hu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ziheng Ren
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyi Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Shun Wan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Yuze Hu
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Tian Jiang
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China.
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3
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He W, Hu Y, Ren Z, Hu S, Yu Z, Wan S, Cheng X, Jiang T. Transient Loss-Induced Non-Hermitian Degeneracies for Ultrafast Terahertz Metadevices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304972. [PMID: 37897321 PMCID: PMC10754078 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hermitian degeneracies, also known as exceptional points (EPs), have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physical properties. In particular, metasurfaces related to EPs can open the way to unprecedented devices with functionalities such as unidirectional transmission and ultra-sensitive sensing. Herein, an active non-Hermitian metasurface with a loss-induced parity-time symmetry phase transition for ultrafast terahertz metadevices is demonstrated. Specifically, the eigenvalues of the non-Hermitian transmission matrix undergo a phase transition under optical excitation and are degenerate at EPs in parameter space, which is accompanied by the collapse of chiral transmission. Ultrafast EP modulation on a picosecond time scale can be realized through variations in the transient loss at a non-Hermitian metasurface pumped by pulsed excitation. Furthermore, by exploiting the physical characteristics of chiral transmission EPs, a switchable quarter-wave plate based on the photoactive metasurface is designed and experimentally verified and realized the corresponding function of polarization manipulation. This work opens promising possibilities for designing functional terahertz metadevices and fuses EP physics with active metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibao He
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Yuze Hu
- Institute for Quantum Science and TechnologyCollege of ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Ziheng Ren
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Siyang Hu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Shun Wan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Xiang'ai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Institute for Quantum Science and TechnologyCollege of ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
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Kobbekaduwa K, Liu E, Zhao Q, Bains JS, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zheng H, Li D, Cai T, Chen O, Rao AM, Beard MC, Luther JM, Gao J. Ultrafast Carrier Drift Transport Dynamics in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Nanocrystalline Thin Films. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13997-14004. [PMID: 37450660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the early time carrier drift dynamics in CsPbI3 nanocrystal thin films with a sub 25 ps time resolution. Prior to trapping, carriers exhibit band-like transport characteristics, which is similar to those of traditional semiconductor solar absorbers including Si and GaAs due to optical phonon and carrier scattering at high temperatures. In contrast to the popular polaron scattering mechanism, the CsPbI3 nanocrystal thin film demonstrates the strongest optical phonon scattering mechanism among other inorganic-organic hybrid perovskites, Si, and GaAs. This ultrafast dynamics study establishes a foundation for understanding the fundamental carrier drift properties that drive perovskite nanocrystal optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Kobbekaduwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Exian Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Qian Zhao
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasjit Singh Bains
- Department of Chemistry, Yousef Haj-Ahmad Department of Engineering, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Way, St Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dawen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Materials for Information Technology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Yousef Haj-Ahmad Department of Engineering, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Way, St Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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5
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Wang T, Yang Z, Li T, Yao H, Lu Y, Yan X, Cao M, Yang M, Liang L, Zheng W, Wu X, Yao J. Ultrasensitive optical modulation in hybrid metal-perovskite and metal-graphene metasurface THz devices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20080-20091. [PMID: 37381409 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of efficient terahertz (THz) wave control is essential for THz technology development for applications including sixth-generation communications and THz sensing. Therefore, realization of tunable THz devices with large-scale intensity modulation capabilities is highly desirable. By integrating perovskite and graphene with a metallic asymmetric metasurface, two ultrasensitive devices for dynamic THz wave manipulation through low-power optical excitation are demonstrated experimentally here. The perovskite-based hybrid metadevice offers ultrasensitive modulation with a maximum modulation depth for the transmission amplitude reaching 190.2% at the low optical pump power of 5.90 mW/cm2. Additionally, a maximum modulation depth of 227.11% is achieved in the graphene-based hybrid metadevice at a power density of 18.87 mW/cm2. This work paves the way toward design and development of ultrasensitive devices for optical modulation of THz waves.
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Chang X, Li J, Mu J, Ma CH, Huang W, Zhu HF, Liu Q, Du LH, Zhong SC, Zhai ZH, Das S, Huang YL, Zhu GB, Zhu LG, Shi Q. Impact of the uniaxial strain on terahertz modulation characteristics in flexible epitaxial VO 2 film across the phase transition. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13243-13254. [PMID: 37157465 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Exploring flexible electronics is on the verge of innovative breakthroughs in terahertz (THz) communication technology. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) with insulator-metal transition (IMT) has excellent application potential in various THz smart devices, but the associated THz modulation properties in the flexible state have rarely been reported. Herein, we deposited an epitaxial VO2 film on a flexible mica substrate via pulsed-laser deposition and investigated its THz modulation properties under different uniaxial strains across the phase transition. It was observed that the THz modulation depth increases under compressive strain and decreases under tensile strain. Moreover, the phase-transition threshold depends on the uniaxial strain. Particularly, the rate of the phase transition temperature depends on the uniaxial strain and reaches approximately 6 °C/% in the temperature-induced phase transition. The optical trigger threshold in laser-induced phase transition decreased by 38.9% under compressive strain but increased by 36.7% under tensile strain, compared to the initial state without uniaxial strain. These findings demonstrate the uniaxial strain-induced low-power triggered THz modulation and provide new insights for applying phase transition oxide films in THz flexible electronics.
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7
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Li C, Zhu R, Yang Z, Lai J, Tan J, Luo Y, Ye S. Boosting Charge Transport in a 2D/3D Perovskite Heterostructure by Selecting an Ordered 2D Perovskite as the Passivator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214208. [PMID: 36470848 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that an ordered 2D perovskite can significantly boost the photoelectric performance of 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures. Using selective fluorination of phenyl-ethyl ammonium (PEA) lead iodide to passivate 3D FA0.8 Cs0.2 PbI3 , we find that the 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures passivated by a higher ordered 2D perovskite have lower Urbach energy, yielding a remarkable increase in photoluminescence (PL) intensity, PL lifetime, charge-carrier mobilities (ϕμ), and carrier diffusion length (LD ) for a certain 2D perovskite content. High performance with an ultralong PL lifetime of ≈1.3 μs, high ϕμ of ≈18.56 cm2 V-1 s-1 , and long LD of ≈7.85 μm is achieved in the 2D/3D films when passivated by 16.67 % para-fluoro-PEA2 PbI4 . This carrier diffusion length is comparable to that of some perovskite single crystals (>5 μm). These findings provide key missing information on how the organic cations of 2D perovskites influence the performance of 2D/3D perovskite heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhao Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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8
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Hu Y, Tong M, Hu S, He W, Cheng X, Jiang T. Reassessing Fano Resonance for Broadband, High-Efficiency, and Ultrafast Terahertz Wave Switching. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204494. [PMID: 36385743 PMCID: PMC9839846 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized ultrafast switchable optical components with high efficiency and broadband response are in high demand to the development of optical imaging, sensing, and high-speed communication. Sharp Fano-type resonance switched by active materials is one of the key concepts that underpins the control of light in metaoptics with high sensitivity. However, actuating such metasurfaces exhibits a long-standing trade-off between modulation depth and operational bandwidth. Here, the limitations are circumvented by theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental realization of an achromatic Fano metasurface so that a high contrast of tunability with ultrafast switching rate over a broad range of frequency is achieved. By developing the physics of inter-mode coupling, the Fano metasurface is designed according to a complete phase diagram derived from coupled mode theory. Unlike conventional Fano metasurfaces, the cross-polarized inter-metaatoms coupling is discovered as a superior ability of high-efficiency broadband achromatic polarization conversion. To prove the ultrasensitive nature, a metadevice is constructed by incorporating a thin amorphous Ge layer with a weak photoconductivity perturbation. Transmission modulation over broadband frequency range from 0.6 to 1.1 THz is thus successfully realized, featuring its merits of modulation depth over 90% and On-Off-On switching cycle less than 10 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Hu
- Institute for Quantum Science and TechnologyCollege of ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Tong
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Siyang Hu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Weibao He
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Xiang'ai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Institute for Quantum Science and TechnologyCollege of ScienceNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
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Jiao Y, Lou J, Ma Z, Cong L, Xu X, Zhang B, Li D, Yu Y, Sun W, Yan Y, Hu S, Liu B, Huang Y, Sun L, Wang R, Singh R, Fan Y, Chang C, Du X. Photoactive terahertz metasurfaces for ultrafast switchable sensing of colorectal cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2984-2992. [PMID: 36073353 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00787h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces with a strongly enhanced local field are envisioned as a powerful platform for ultrasensitive optical sensors to significantly amplify imperceptible differences between compatible bioanalytes. Through the use of phototunable silicon-based terahertz (THz) metasurfaces, we experimentally demonstrate ultrafast switchable sensing functions. It is found that the THz responses of the coupled-resonances in the metasurfaces shift from Lorentz-lattice mode to electromagnetism-induced transparency (EIT) mode under optical pumping within an ultrashort time of 32 ps, enabling an ultrafast sensitive sensor. For the Lorentz-lattice mode, the THz time-domain signal directly shows a highly sensitive response to detect tiny analytes without extra Fourier transformation as the mismatch between the two modes increases. Once the metasurfaces are switched to the EIT mode, the silicon-metal hybrid structure supports frequency-domain sensing ability due to strong field confinement with a sensitivity of 118.4 GHz/RIU. Both of the sensing configurations contribute to more subtle information and guarantee the accuracy of the sensor performance. Combined with the aforementioned advantages, the proposed metasurfaces have successfully identified colorectal cells between normal, adenoma, and cancer states in experiments. This work furnishes a new paradigm of constructing reliable and flexible metasurface sensors and can be extended to other optics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Jing Lou
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Zhaofu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Longqing Cong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Dingchang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Shidong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Boyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Yindong Huang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Lang Sun
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Ride Wang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuancheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China.
| | - Chao Chang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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10
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Lu Y, Li T, Yang M, Yao H, Liang L, Yan X, Lv KK, Wang M, Yang Q, Wei C, Shao J, Yao J. Dual control of multi-band resonances with a metal-halide perovskite-integrated terahertz metasurface. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12703-12712. [PMID: 35993444 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of multi-resonant Fano resonances is important for the design of biosensors and communication fields. There are very few studies reporting the multi-band Fano resonance metamaterials with more than three resonance frequencies, or the tunable optical metamaterials to control the multi-band Fano resonance characteristics. Here, we report dual control of multi-band Fano resonances with a metal-halide perovskite-integrated terahertz metasurface by lasers and an electrical field. By tuning the conductivity of the perovskite film on the metasurface, ultrasensitive optoelectronic modulation was achieved. The terahertz transmission amplitude exhibited increasing and decreasing stages. We analyzed the physical phenomena and found that capacitance effects and Fermi-level enhancement had significant roles in the optical- and electronic-modulation experiments. The resonant frequencies in the electronic modulation had broader frequency shifts and a higher and wider tunable modulation depth range. More importantly, the maximum modulation depth was as high as 197%, with a significant fluctuation in the amplitude and more unstable frequency shifts in the transmission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Lu
- Precision Optical Manufacturing and Testing Centre, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for High Power Laser Material of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
- Centre of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tengteng Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Maosheng Yang
- Institute of Micro-nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhen Jiang, 212013, China
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Kai Kai Lv
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Qili Yang
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Precision Optical Manufacturing and Testing Centre, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for High Power Laser Material of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
- Centre of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jianda Shao
- Key Laboratory for High Power Laser Material of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China
- Centre of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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11
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Lin H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Lin KT, Wen X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Lau AKT, Ma T, Qiu CW, Jia B. Engineering van der Waals Materials for Advanced Metaphotonics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15204-15355. [PMID: 35749269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D materials, together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires deep subwavelength light-matter interaction to achieve optical functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability, evoking new science on light-matter interaction, leading to leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement, insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of 2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast emerging and prosperous field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yao Liang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Fu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Kin Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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12
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Tonkaev P, Sinev IS, Rybin MV, Makarov SV, Kivshar Y. Multifunctional and Transformative Metaphotonics with Emerging Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15414-15449. [PMID: 35549165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Future technologies underpinning multifunctional physical and chemical systems and compact biological sensors will rely on densely packed transformative and tunable circuitry employing nanophotonics. For many years, plasmonics was considered as the only available platform for subwavelength optics, but the recently emerged field of resonant metaphotonics may provide a versatile practical platform for nanoscale science by employing resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces. Here, we discuss the recently emerged field of metaphotonics and describe its connection to material science and chemistry. For tunabilty, metaphotonics employs a variety of the recently highlighted materials such as polymers, perovskites, transition metal dichalcogenides, and phase change materials. This allows to achieve diverse functionalities of metasystems and metasurfaces for efficient spatial and temporal control of light by employing multipolar resonances and the physics of bound states in the continuum. We anticipate expanding applications of these concepts in nanolasers, tunable metadevices, metachemistry, as well as a design of a new generation of chemical and biological ultracompact sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tonkaev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sinev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Rybin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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13
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Ali A, Mitra A, Aïssa B. Metamaterials and Metasurfaces: A Review from the Perspectives of Materials, Mechanisms and Advanced Metadevices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1027. [PMID: 35335837 PMCID: PMC8953484 DOI: 10.3390/nano12061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Throughout human history, the control of light, electricity and heat has evolved to become the cornerstone of various innovations and developments in electrical and electromagnetic technologies. Wireless communications, laser and computer technologies have all been achieved by altering the way light and other energy forms act naturally and how to manage them in a controlled manner. At the nanoscale, to control light and heat, matured nanostructure fabrication techniques have been developed in the last two decades, and a wide range of groundbreaking processes have been achieved. Photonic crystals, nanolithography, plasmonics phenomena and nanoparticle manipulation are the main areas where these techniques have been applied successfully and led to an emergent material sciences branch known as metamaterials. Metamaterials and functional material development strategies are focused on the structures of the matter itself, which has led to unconventional and unique electromagnetic properties through the manipulation of light-and in a more general picture the electromagnetic waves-in widespread manner. Metamaterial's nanostructures have precise shape, geometry, size, direction and arrangement. Such configurations are impacting the electromagnetic light waves to generate novel properties that are difficult or even impossible to obtain with natural materials. This review discusses these metamaterials and metasurfaces from the perspectives of materials, mechanisms and advanced metadevices in depth, with the aim to serve as a solid reference for future works in this exciting and rapidly emerging topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Ali
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
| | - Anirban Mitra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India;
| | - Brahim Aïssa
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute (QEERI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar;
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14
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Abstract
Terahertz (THz) electromagnetic spectrum ranging from 0.1THz to 10THz has become critical for sixth generation (6G) applications, such as high-speed communication, fingerprint chemical sensing, non-destructive biosensing, and bioimaging. However, the limited response of naturally existing materials THz waves has induced a gap in the electromagnetic spectrum, where a lack of THz functional devices using natural materials has occurred in this gap. Metamaterials, artificially composed structures that can engineer the electromagnetic properties to manipulate the waves, have enabled the development of many THz devices, known as "metadevices". Besides, the tunability of THz metadevices can be achieved by tunable structures using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technologies, as well as tunable materials including phase change materials (PCMs), electro-optical materials (EOMs), and thermo-optical materials (TOMs). Leveraging various tuning mechanisms together with metamaterials, tremendous research works have demonstrated reconfigurable functional THz devices, playing an important role to fill the THz gap toward the 6G applications. This review introduces reconfigurable metadevices from fundamental principles of metamaterial resonant system to the design mechanisms of functional THz metamaterial devices and their related applications. Moreover, we provide perspectives on the future development of THz photonic devices for state-of-the-art applications.
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15
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Yang M, Li T, Yan X, Liang L, Yao H, Sun Z, Li J, Li J, Wei D, Wang M, Ye Y, Song X, Zhang H, Yao J. Dual-Stimulus Control for Ultra-Wideband and Multidimensional Modulation in Terahertz Metasurfaces Comprising Graphene and Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2155-2165. [PMID: 34958542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites and graphene are receiving a meteoric rise in popularity in the field of active photonics because they exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties for dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions. However, challenges still exist, such as the instability of perovskites under ambient conditions and the low Fermi level of graphene in experiments. These shortcomings limit the scope of applications when they are used alone in advanced optical devices. However, the combination of graphene and perovskites is still a promising route for efficient control of light-matter interactions. Here, we report a dual-optoelectronic metadevice fabricated by integrating terahertz metasurfaces with a sandwich complex composed of graphene, polyimide, and perovskites for ultra-wideband and multidimensional manipulation of higher-order Fano resonances. Owing to the photogenerated carriers and electrostatic doping effect, the dual optoelectronic metadevice showed different manipulation behavior at thermal imbalance (electrostatic doping state of the system). The modulation depth of the transmission amplitude reached 200%, the total resonant frequency shift was 800 GHz, and the tunable range of the resonant frequency was 68.8%. In addition, modulation of the maximum phase reached 346°. This work will inspire a new generation of metasurface-based optical devices that combine two active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Yang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tengteng Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dequan Wei
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Yunxia Ye
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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16
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Gao Y, Li X, Liu W, Xing X, Long H, Wang K, Wang B, Lu P. Highly Tunable Enhancement and Switching of Nonlinear Emission from All-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites via Electric Field. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10230-10237. [PMID: 34859670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a highly tunable enhancement and switching of nonlinear emission from all-inorganic metal halide perovskites based on an asymmetrically biased metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure. We achieve 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of the two-photon-pumped photoluminescence (TPL) from CsPbBr3 microplates with the MIS structure, due to comprehensive effects including localized field effect, trap-filling effect, and collection enhancement. In particular, taking advantage of electric-field-induced passivation/activation of Br vacancies, we realize highly tunable TPL enhancement, ranging from ∼61.2-fold to ∼370.3-fold. Moreover, we demonstrate an efficient modulation of the two-photon-pumped lasing from the MIS structure, which exhibits electric field induced switching with a high on/off ratio of 67:1. This work has opened new avenues for steering carrier transport and nonlinear emission in lead halide perovskites, which shows great promise for realizing high-efficiency and tunable nonlinear nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiangyuan Xing
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hua Long
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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17
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Lou J, Xu X, Huang Y, Yu Y, Wang J, Fang G, Liang J, Fan C, Chang C. Optically Controlled Ultrafast Terahertz Metadevices with Ultralow Pump Threshold. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2104275. [PMID: 34611988 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arming metasurface with active materials furnishes a feasible solution to dynamically control over terahertz (THz) waves, which is extremely significant for the realization of upcoming sixth generation telecommunications. However, the present active materials are mainly limited to single external driving field, hindering the capability of metasurface for flexible manipulation of THz waves. Besides, less attention has been paid to the energy question how to significantly reduce the pump threshold for achieving the desired function. Here, a germanium (Ge) hybrid Fano metasurface under dual-stimulus control is experimentally demonstrated. Photoexcitation of Ge thin film enables 100% modulation depth of Fano resonance and ultrafast switching time within 10 ps. By adding current-bias, the pump threshold to modulate the metasurface is greatly reduced from 1600 to 200 µJ cm-2 . Different from the optical modulation independent of film thickness, it is found that the current function is in proportion with the thickness of Ge thin film. Moreover, it is demonstrated that compared to the single optical-stimulus, the THz amplitude modulation is increased by 56.3% under dual-stimulus function. This work naturally improves the flexibility and practicality of Ge-based metadevice and inspires more innovations to boost the development of switchable sensing, lasing spacer, and nonlinear systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lou
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yindong Huang
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, China
| | - Guangyou Fang
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Radiation and Sensing Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jiangang Liang
- Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, 710051, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, and Shanghai, Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chao Chang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Innovation Laboratory of Terahertz Biophysics, National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100071, China
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18
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Gogoi HJ, Bajpai K, Mallajosyula AT, Solanki A. Advances in Flexible Memristors with Hybrid Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8798-8825. [PMID: 34491743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite (HOIP)-based memristors have captured strong attention not only as an emerging candidate for next-generation high-density information storage technology but also for use in healthcare technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) because of their unique properties: low weight, flexibility, compatibility, stretchability, and low power consumption. In this Perspective, we review the recent advances of various aspects of flexible memristors focusing on the selection of the flexible substrates, materials, interfaces, several resistive switching mechanisms, and different methodologies of perovskite growth. The current state of the art of the memristor as an artificial synapse, light-induced resistive switching, and logic gates is comprehensively and systematically reviewed. Finally, we briefly discuss the stability factors of perovskites and present the conclusion with a broad outlook on the progress and challenges in the field of perovskite-based flexible memristors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Jyoti Gogoi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Kunal Bajpai
- Department of Physics, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382421, India
| | - Arun Tej Mallajosyula
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Ankur Solanki
- Department of Physics, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382421, India
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19
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Guo P, Zhu H, Zhao W, Liu C, Zhu L, Ye Q, Jia N, Wang H, Zhang X, Huang W, Vinokurov VA, Ivanov E, Shchukin D, Harvey D, Ulloa JM, Hierro A, Wang H. Interfacial Embedding of Laser-Manufactured Fluorinated Gold Clusters Enabling Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Over 24. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101590. [PMID: 34302406 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tackling the interfacial loss in emerged perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) to address synchronously the carrier dynamics and the environmental stability, has been of fundamental and viable importance, while technological hurdles remain in not only creating such interfacial mediator, but the subsequent interfacial embedding in the active layer. This article reports a strategy of interfacial embedding of hydrophobic fluorinated-gold-clusters (FGCs) for highly efficient and stable PSCs. The p-type semiconducting feature enables the FGC efficient interfacial mediator to improve the carrier dynamics by reducing the interfacial carrier transfer barrier and boosting the charge extraction at grain boundaries. The hydrophobic tails of the gold clusters and the hydrogen bonding between fluorine groups and perovskite favor the enhancement of environmental stability. Benefiting from these merits, highly efficient formamidinium lead iodide PSCs (champion efficiency up to 24.02%) with enhanced phase stability under varied relative humidity (RH) from 40% to 95%, as well as highly efficient mixed-cation PSCs with moisture stability (RH of 75%) over 10 000 h are achieved. It is thus inspiring to advance the development of highly efficient and stable PSCs via interfacial embedding laser-generated additives for improved charge transfer/extraction and environmental stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongfu Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
- Microsystem & Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu, 610200, China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ning Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiuhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wanxia Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Vladimir A Vinokurov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Gubkin University, 65/1 Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Evgenii Ivanov
- Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Gubkin University, 65/1 Leninsky prospect, Moscow, 19991, Russia
| | - Dmitry Shchukin
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | - Daniel Harvey
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK
| | | | - Adrian Hierro
- ISOM, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
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20
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Song C, Yang H, Liu F, Cheng GJ. Ultrafast femtosecond pressure modulation of structure and exciton kinetics in 2D halide perovskites for enhanced light response and stability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4879. [PMID: 34385428 PMCID: PMC8361179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The carriers’ transportation between layers of two-dimensional (2D) perovskites is inhibited by dielectric confinement. Here, for the first time, we employ a femtosecond laser to introduce ultrafast shock pressure in the range of 0~15.45 GPa to reduce dielectric confinement by modulating the structure and exciton dynamics in a perovskite single crystal (PSCs), e.g. (F-PEA)2PbI4 (4-fluorophenethylammonium, F-PEA). The density functional theory (DFT) simulation and experimental results show that the inorganic framework distortion results in a bandgap reduction. It was found that the exciton-optical phonon coupling and free excitons (FEs) binding energy are minimized at 2.75 GPa shock pressure due to a reduction in dielectric confinement. The stability testing under various harsh light and humid thermal conditions shows that femtosecond laser shocking improves the stability of (F-PEA)2PbI4 PSCs. Femtosecond laser shock processing provides a new approach for regulating the structure and enhancing halide perovskite properties. Exciton in two-dimensional perovskite is strongly influenced by dielectric confinement of the organic components. Here, the authors employ femtosecond laser to induce ultrashock pressure to investigate how the structural changes and the reduction of dielectric confinement affects exciton behaviour and dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Song
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanrui Yang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gary J Cheng
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. .,Brick Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. .,School of Industrial Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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21
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Tan TC, Srivastava YK, Ako RT, Wang W, Bhaskaran M, Sriram S, Al-Naib I, Plum E, Singh R. Active Control of Nanodielectric-Induced THz Quasi-BIC in Flexible Metasurfaces: A Platform for Modulation and Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100836. [PMID: 34050568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A bound state in the continuum (BIC) is a nonradiating state of light embedded in the continuum of propagating modes providing drastic enhancement of the electromagnetic field and its localization at micro-nanoscale. However, access to such modes in the far-field requires symmetry breaking. Here, it is demonstrated that a nanometric dielectric or semiconductor layer, 1000 times thinner than the resonant wavelength (λ/1000), induces a dynamically controllable quasi-bound state in the continuum (QBIC) with ultrahigh quality factor in a symmetric metallic metasurface at terahertz frequencies. Photoexcitation of nanostrips of germanium activates ultrafast switching of a QBIC resonance with 200% transmission intensity modulation and complete recovery within 7 ps on a low-loss flexible substrate. The nanostrips also form microchannels that provide an opportunity for BIC-based refractive index sensing. An optimization model is presented for (switchable) QBIC resonances of metamaterial arrays of planar symmetric resonators modified with any (active) dielectric for inverse metamaterial design that can serve as an enabling platform for active micro-nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas CaiWei Tan
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rajour Tanyi Ako
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Madhu Bhaskaran
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sharath Sriram
- Functional Materials and Microsystems Research Group and the Micro Nano Research Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ibraheem Al-Naib
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eric Plum
- Centre for Photonic Metamaterials & Optoelectronics Research Centre, Zepler Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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22
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Huang Y, Liu Y, Shao Y, Han G, Zhang J, Hao Y. Actively Tunable Fano Resonance Based on a Bowtie-Shaped Black Phosphorus Terahertz Sensor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1442. [PMID: 34072566 PMCID: PMC8226983 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive Terahertz (THz) sensor consisting of the sub-wavelength bowtie black phosphorus (BP) and an annular gold (Au) ring is proposed. The interference between the resonance generated by the bowtie BP and the Au ring creates a Fano-type resonance and makes ultrasensitive sensing realizable. Firstly, we demonstrate the Fano resonance of the coupled nanostructures by adjusting the geometry dimensions of the Au ring and the Fermi level of BP. Moreover, the Poynting vector distributions of the THz sensor are simulated to analyze the properties of Fano resonance. Importantly, a figure of merit (FOM) value as high as 69.3 is achieved and the proposed Fano resonance sensor shows a maximum sensitivity of 9.3 μm/RIU. Our structure can function as a facile and efficient building block of biochemical nano-sensing application based on Fano resonance at THz frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.H.); (G.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Liu
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.H.); (G.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yao Shao
- Shanghai Energy Internet Research Institute of State, Grid251 Libing Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210, China;
| | - Genquan Han
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.H.); (G.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jincheng Zhang
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.H.); (G.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yue Hao
- Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (Y.H.); (G.H.); (J.Z.); (Y.H.)
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23
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Dhanabalan B, Biffi G, Moliterni A, Olieric V, Giannini C, Saleh G, Ponet L, Prato M, Imran M, Manna L, Krahne R, Artyukhin S, Arciniegas MP. Engineering the Optical Emission and Robustness of Metal-Halide Layered Perovskites through Ligand Accommodation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008004. [PMID: 33644923 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The unique combination of organic and inorganic layers in 2D layered perovskites offers promise for the design of a variety of materials for mechatronics, flexoelectrics, energy conversion, and lighting. However, the potential tailoring of their properties through the organic building blocks is not yet well understood. Here, different classes of organoammonium molecules are exploited to engineer the optical emission and robustness of a new set of Ruddlesden-Popper metal-halide layered perovskites. It is shown that the type of molecule regulates the number of hydrogen bonds that it forms with the edge-sharing [PbBr6 ]4- octahedra layers, leading to strong differences in the material emission and tunability of the color coordinates, from deep-blue to pure-white. Also, the emission intensity strongly depends on the length of the molecules, thereby providing an additional parameter to optimize their emission efficiency. The combined experimental and computational study provides a detailed understanding of the impact of lattice distortions, compositional defects, and the anisotropic crystal structure on the emission of such layered materials. It is foreseen that this rational design can be extended to other types of organic linkers, providing a yet unexplored path to tailor the optical and mechanical properties of these materials and to unlock new functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Dhanabalan
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso, 31, Genova, 16146, Italy
| | - Giulia Biffi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso, 31, Genova, 16146, Italy
| | - Anna Moliterni
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Vincent Olieric
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, Bari, 70126, Italy
| | - Gabriele Saleh
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Louis Ponet
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Mirko Prato
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Sergey Artyukhin
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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24
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Obraztsov PA, Bulgakova VV, Chizhov PA, Ushakov AA, Gets DS, Makarov SV, Bukin VV. Hybrid Perovskite Terahertz Photoconductive Antenna. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020313. [PMID: 33530450 PMCID: PMC7912262 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, while well examined for photovoltaic applications, remain almost completely unexplored in the terahertz (THz) range. These low-cost hybrid materials are extremely attractive for THz applications because their optoelectronic properties can be chemically engineered with relative ease. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the first attempt to apply solution-processed polycrystalline films of hybrid perovskites for the development of photoconductive terahertz emitters. By using the widely studied methylammonium-based perovskites MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3, we fabricate and characterize large-aperture photoconductive antennas. The work presented here examines polycrystalline perovskite films excited both above and below the bandgap, as well as the scaling of THz emission with the applied bias field and the optical excitation fluence. The combination of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy and terahertz emission experiments allows us to determine the still-debated room temperature carrier lifetime and mobility of charge carriers in halide perovskites using an alternative noninvasive method. Our results demonstrate the applicability of hybrid perovskites for the development of scalable THz photoconductive devices, making these materials competitive with conventional semiconductors for THz emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr A. Obraztsov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladislava V. Bulgakova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Pavel A. Chizhov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Ushakov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Dmitry S. Gets
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.G.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Sergey V. Makarov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.G.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Vladimir V. Bukin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
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25
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Fan Y, He X, Zhang F, Cai W, Li C, Fu Q, Sydorchuk NV, Prosvirnin SL. Fano-Resonant Hybrid Metamaterial for Enhanced Nonlinear Tunability and Hysteresis Behavior. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2021; 2021:9754083. [PMID: 34485916 PMCID: PMC8380421 DOI: 10.34133/2021/9754083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Artificial resonant metamaterial with subwavelength localized filed is promising for advanced nonlinear photonic applications. In this article, we demonstrate enhanced nonlinear frequency-agile response and hysteresis tunability in a Fano-resonant hybrid metamaterial. A ceramic cuboid is electromagnetically coupled with metal cut-wire structure to excite the high-Q Fano-resonant mode in the dielectric/metal hybrid metamaterial. It is found that the significant nonlinear response of the ceramic cuboid can be employed for realization of tunable metamaterials by exciting its magnetic mode, and the trapped mode with an asymmetric Fano-like resonance is beneficial to achieve notable nonlinear modulation on the scattering spectrum. The nonlinear tunability of both the ceramic structure and the ceramic/metal hybrid metamaterial is promising to extend the operation band of metamaterials, providing possibility in practical applications with enhanced light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Weiqi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Quanhong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information Acquisition, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Nataliia V. Sydorchuk
- Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine
| | - Sergey L. Prosvirnin
- Institute of Radio Astronomy, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine
- Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv 61077, Ukraine
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26
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Burgos-Caminal A, Socie E, Bouduban MEF, Moser JE. Exciton and Carrier Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7692-7701. [PMID: 32841032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid lead halide perovskites have become a major topic in perovskite optoelectronics. Here, we aim to unravel the ultrafast dynamics governing the evolution of charge carriers and excitons in these materials. Using a combination of ultrabroadband time-resolved THz (TRTS) and fluorescence upconversion spectroscopies, we find that sequential carrier cooling and exciton formation best explain the observed dynamics, while exciton-exciton interactions play an important role in the form of Auger heating and biexciton formation. We show that the presence of a longer-lived population of carriers is due to the latter processes and not to a Mott transition. Therefore, excitons still dominate at laser excitation densities. We use kinetic modeling to compare the phenethylammonium and butylammonium organic cations while investigating the stability of the resulting films. In addition, we demonstrate the capability of using ultrabroadband TRTS to study excitons in large binding energy semiconductors through spectral analysis at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Burgos-Caminal
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Socie
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine E F Bouduban
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Wang XX, Cao WQ, Cao MS, Yuan J. Assembling Nano-Microarchitecture for Electromagnetic Absorbers and Smart Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002112. [PMID: 32686195 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Smart devices, nowadays, are inspiring the infinite vitality and possibilities of intelligent life, such as self-power electromagnetic (EM) nanogenerator and microsensor, smart window, thermally-driven EM absorber, interstellar energy deliverer, and so on. Herein, the latest and most impressive works of 3D nano-micro architectures and their smart EM devices are highly focused on. The most key information, including assembly strategy and mechanism, EM response, and approach-structure-function relationship, is extracted and well-organized with profundity and easy-to-understand approach. The merit and demerit are revealed by comparison. What's more, the brightest and most cutting-edge smart EM devices constructed by 3D nano-micro architectures are reported as highlights, and the device principles are deeply dissected. Finally, a profound and top comment on the fast-growing field as well as challenges are proposed, and the future directions are predicted intelligently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- School of Information Engineering, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
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28
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Yuan D. Air-Stable Bulk Halide Single-Crystal Scintillator Cs 3Cu 2I 5 by Melt Growth: Intrinsic and Tl Doped with High Light Yield. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38333-38340. [PMID: 32697904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ternary metal halides with large exciton binding energy have recently gained considerable attention in the optoelectronic field due to their high photoluminescence quantum yield and large Stokes shift. Here, efficient scintillators are designed based on these advantageous properties. For the first time, bulk Cs3Cu2I5 is grown using a melt method other than the intensively reported solution growth, and behaved as an intrinsic scintillator, emitting bright blue (∼450 nm) light under X-ray and γ-ray irradiation. Successful Tl doping at Cs sites tune the emission band over the entire visible range (400-700 nm) due to the synergetic effects of self-trapped excitons (STEs) and Tl centers. Notably, after doping with 1% Tl+, the scintillation light yield of Cs3Cu2I5 increases by nearly three times to 51 000 ± 2000 ph/MeV (Cs-137, 662 keV). Cs3Cu2I5:Tl shows a higher energy resolution of 4.5% at 662 keV than that of NaI:Tl and an excellent nonproportionality (<3%) in the γ-ray energy range of 60-1275 keV. A model of energy relaxation in Cs3Cu2I5:Tl scintillators is proposed and discussed. In particular, it is the first Cu-based halide scintillator that has air stability, good stopping power, and the ability to grow large bulk single crystals for practical application. This work provides a strategy for tuning and broadening the spectral range of STE emitters, and bridges the lead-free halide derivatives with scintillators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Yuan
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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29
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Gingras L, Jaber A, Maleki A, Reshef O, Dolgaleva K, Boyd RW, Ménard JM. Ultrafast modulation of the spectral filtering properties of a THz metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:20296-20304. [PMID: 32680092 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate ultrafast tuning of a plasmonic spectral filter at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The device is made of periodically spaced gold crosses deposited on the surface of an undoped silicon wafer in which transient free carriers can be optically injected with a femtosecond resonant pulse. We demonstrate the concept by measuring the transmission spectrum of a notch filter using time-domain THz spectroscopy. Proper synchronization of the THz probe and visible excitation pulses leads to an enhanced transmission at the resonance by more than two orders of magnitude. Finite-difference time-domain simulations, which are in agreement with the experimental results, show that the underlying mechanisms responsible for the resonance blueshift and linewidth broadening can be attributed to the photoinduced change in dielectric properties of the substrate. This is supported by the numerically simulated field distribution and reflection/transmission coefficients. The device can be used in future pulse shaping and ultrafast switching experiments.
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30
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Folpini G, Gatto L, Cortecchia D, Devetta M, Crippa G, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Petrozza A, Cinquanta E. Ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in quantum confined 2D perovskite. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214705. [PMID: 32505161 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the charge carrier dynamics in 2D perovskite NBT2PbI4 by ultrafast optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. We observed a few ps long relaxation dynamics that can be ascribed to the band to band carrier recombination, in the absence of any contribution from many-body and trap assisted processes. The transient conductivity spectra show that the polaron dynamics is strongly modulated by the presence of a rich exciton population. The polarization field resulting from the exciton formation acts as the source of a restoring force that localizes polarons. This is revealed by the presence of a negative imaginary conductivity. Our results show that the dynamics of excitons in 2D perovskites at room temperature can be detected by monitoring their effect on the conductivity of the photoinduced polaronic carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gatto
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Devetta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Crippa
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Vozzi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Stagira
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cinquanta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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