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Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Holmer L, Topper TP, Pan B, Li G. Evolution and diversity of biomineralized columnar architecture in early Cambrian phosphatic-shelled brachiopods. eLife 2024; 12:RP88855. [PMID: 38597930 PMCID: PMC11006422 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Biologically-controlled mineralization producing organic-inorganic composites (hard skeletons) by metazoan biomineralizers has been an evolutionary innovation since the earliest Cambrian. Among them, linguliform brachiopods are one of the key invertebrates that secrete calcium phosphate minerals to build their shells. One of the most distinct shell structures is the organo-phosphatic cylindrical column exclusive to phosphatic-shelled brachiopods, including both crown and stem groups. However, the complexity, diversity, and biomineralization processes of these microscopic columns are far from clear in brachiopod ancestors. Here, exquisitely well-preserved columnar shell ultrastructures are reported for the first time in the earliest eoobolids Latusobolus xiaoyangbaensis gen. et sp. nov. and Eoobolus acutulus sp. nov. from the Cambrian Series 2 Shuijingtuo Formation of South China. The hierarchical shell architectures, epithelial cell moulds, and the shape and size of cylindrical columns are scrutinised in these new species. Their calcium phosphate-based biomineralized shells are mainly composed of stacked sandwich columnar units. The secretion and construction of the stacked sandwich model of columnar architecture, which played a significant role in the evolution of linguliforms, is highly biologically controlled and organic-matrix mediated. Furthermore, a continuous transformation of anatomic features resulting from the growth of diverse columnar shells is revealed between Eoobolidae, Lingulellotretidae, and Acrotretida, shedding new light on the evolutionary growth and adaptive innovation of biomineralized columnar architecture among early phosphatic-shelled brachiopods during the Cambrian explosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Australia
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lars Holmer
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Timothy P Topper
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Early Life & Environments, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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2
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Eltom H. Reproducing burrows in modelled sedimentary strata. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3042. [PMID: 38321130 PMCID: PMC10847112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52333-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Studying bioturbated sedimentary strata is crucial; however, sampling these strata poses notable challenges. Modelling these strata has emerged as a promising solution to bridge this gap. This study introduces a workflow to model burrows utilizing the multipoint statistics (MPS) method. A key step in MPS modelling is the use of training images, and this study describes a process to create them using CT scans of rock samples contain burrows. These scans give a 3D visual representation of burrows in actual rock record. The process involves selecting suitable rock samples, CT scanning them, importing and processing the scans in Petrel™, and then transforming the scan data into training images which can be used for MPS modelling. The MPS models allow for precise replication of burrows, variations in their size and percentage, and modeling properties like porosity and permeability. This enables a more detailed analysis, paving the way for further advancements in understanding and simulating the geological implications of burrows. To guarantee reproducibility, this study has precisely documented the workflow with video guidance and provided the necessary data. This comprehensive documentation aims to encourage the broader adoption of MPS modelling for bioturbated strata, setting the stage for further advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Eltom
- Geosciences Department, College of Petroleum Engineering Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals, Building 76, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum Engineering Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum Minerals, Building 78, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Mussini G, Dunn FS. Decline and fall of the Ediacarans: late-Neoproterozoic extinctions and the rise of the modern biosphere. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:110-130. [PMID: 37667585 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The end-Neoproterozoic transition marked a gradual but permanent shift between distinct configurations of Earth's biosphere. This interval witnessed the demise of the enigmatic Ediacaran Biota, ushering in the structured trophic webs and disparate animal body plans of Phanerozoic ecosystems. However, little consensus exists on the reality, drivers, and macroevolutionary implications of end-Neoproterozoic extinctions. Here we evaluate potential drivers of late-Neoproterozoic turnover by addressing recent findings on Ediacaran geochronology, the persistence of classical Ediacaran macrobionts into the Cambrian, and the existence of Ediacaran crown-group eumetazoans. Despite renewed interest in the possibility of Phanerozoic-style 'mass extinctions' in the latest Neoproterozoic, our synthesis of the available evidence does not support extinction models based on episodic geochemical triggers, nor does it validate simple ecological interpretations centred on direct competitive displacement. Instead, we argue that the protracted and indirect effects of early bilaterian innovations, including escalations in sediment engineering, predation, and the largely understudied impacts of reef-building, may best account for the temporal structure and possible selectivity of late-Neoproterozoic extinctions. We integrate these processes into a generalised model of early eumetazoan-dominated ecologies, charting the disruption of spatial and temporal isotropy on the Ediacaran benthos as a consequence of diversifying macrofaunal interactions. Given the nature of resource distribution in Ediacaran ecologies, the continuities among Ediacaran and Cambrian faunas, and the convergent origins of ecologically disruptive innovations among bilaterians we suggest that the rise of Phanerozoic-type biotas may have been unstoppable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Mussini
- Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Frances S Dunn
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PW, UK
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4
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Mángano MG, Buatois LA, Piñuela L, Volkenborn N, Rodríguez-Tovar FJ, García-Ramos JC. Jurassic paleosurfaces with fecal mounds reveal the last supper of arenicolid worms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:709. [PMID: 38184722 PMCID: PMC10771522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Exceptional paleosurfaces preserving fecal casting mounds occur in the Upper Jurassic Lastres Formation of Spain. As in modern shorelines, these biogenic structures are associated with straight to sinuous-crested ripples showing the interplay of biological and physical processes in a low-energy marine environment. These trace fossils display characteristics, distribution, and densities like those of modern arenicolid populations (approximately 35 specimens per m2). Under close examination, these fecal casting mounds are morphologically undistinguishable from those produced by recent arenicolids (e.g. Arenicola marina, Abarenicola pacifica), providing evidence of the presence of these polychaetes in the Late Jurassic. As their modern counterparts, fossil arenicolids very likely modified their environment generating a seabed topography and impacting ancient benthic communities, sediment characteristics, and sediment biogeochemistry. Although the presence of oxic microhabitats and biogeochemical processes cannot be accurately measured in the fossil record, comparison with the work of modern populations allows to make inferences on sediment reworking and bioirrigation potential. In addition, association with grazing trails supports the idea of fertilization and modulation of food resources to other species. These paleosurfaces underscore the significance of high-fidelity snapshots in the fossil record (true substrates) to reconstruct past ecologies and sediment biogeochemistry. A new ichnotaxon, Cumulusichnus asturiensis n. igen. and n. isp., is defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriela Mángano
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Luis A Buatois
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Laura Piñuela
- Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (MUJA), 33328, Colunga, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
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Meek DM, Buatois LA, Mángano MG, Eglington BM. Increased habitat segregation at the dawn of the Phanerozoic revealed by correspondence analysis of bioturbation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22328. [PMID: 38102199 PMCID: PMC10724277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Agronomic Revolution of the early Cambrian refers to the most significant re-structuration of the benthic marine ecosystem in life history. Using a global compilation of trace-fossil records across the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, this paper investigates the relationship between the benthos and depositional environments prior to, during, and after the Agronomic Revolution to shed light on habitat segregation via correspondence analysis. The results of this analysis characterize Ediacaran mobile benthic bilaterians as facies-crossing and opportunistic, with low levels of habitat specialization. In contrast, the Terreneuvian and Cambrian Series 2 reveal progressive habitat segregation, parallel to matground environmental restriction. This event was conducive to the establishment of distinct endobenthic communities along the marine depositional profile, showing that the increase in styles of animal-substrate interactions was expressed by both alpha and beta ichnodiversity. Habitat segregation at the dawn of the Phanerozoic may illustrate an early extension of the trophic group amensalism at community scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M Meek
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Luis A Buatois
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - M Gabriela Mángano
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Bruce M Eglington
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
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6
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Cribb AT, van de Velde SJ, Berelson WM, Bottjer DJ, Corsetti FA. Ediacaran-Cambrian bioturbation did not extensively oxygenate sediments in shallow marine ecosystems. GEOBIOLOGY 2023; 21:435-453. [PMID: 36815223 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The radiation of bioturbation during the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition has long been hypothesized to have oxygenated sediments, triggering an expansion of the habitable benthic zone and promoting increased infaunal tiering in early Paleozoic benthic communities. However, the effects of bioturbation on sediment oxygen are underexplored with respect to the importance of biomixing and bioirrigation, two bioturbation processes which can have opposite effects on sediment redox chemistry. We categorized trace fossils from the Ediacaran and Terreneuvian as biomixing or bioirrigation fossils and integrated sedimentological proxies for bioturbation intensity with biogeochemical modeling to simulate oxygen penetration depths through the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition. Ultimately, we find that despite dramatic increases in ichnodiversity in the Terreneuvian, biomixing remains the dominant bioturbation behavior, and in contrast to traditional assumptions, Ediacaran-Cambrian bioturbation was unlikely to have resulted in extensive oxygenation of shallow marine sediments globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison T Cribb
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sebastiaan J van de Velde
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Society, Universté Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Operational Directorate Natural Environment, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - William M Berelson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David J Bottjer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Frank A Corsetti
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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7
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Tracing energy inputs into the seafloor using carbonate sediments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215833120. [PMID: 36802429 PMCID: PMC9992785 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215833120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonate rocks provide unique and valuable sedimentary archives for secular changes in Earth's physical, chemical, and biological processes. However, reading the stratigraphic record produces overlapping, nonunique interpretations that stem from the difficulty in directly comparing competing biological, physical, or chemical mechanisms within a common quantitative framework. We built a mathematical model that decomposes these processes and casts the marine carbonate record in terms of energy fluxes across the sediment-water interface. Results showed that physical, chemical, and biological energy terms across the seafloor are subequal and that the energetic dominance of different processes varies both as a function of environment (e.g., onshore vs. offshore) as well as with time-varying changes in seawater chemistry and with evolutionary changes in animal abundance and behavior. We applied our model to observations from the end-Permian mass extinction-a massive upheaval in ocean chemistry and biology-revealing an energetic equivalence between two hypothesized drivers of changing carbonate environments: a reduction in physical bioturbation increased carbonate saturation states in the oceans. Early Triassic occurrences of 'anachronistic' carbonates-facies largely absent from marine environments after the Early Paleozoic-were likely driven more by reduction in animal biomass than by repeated perturbations to seawater chemistry. This analysis highlighted the importance of animals and their evolutionary history in physically shaping patterns in the sedimentary record via their impact on the energetics of marine environments.
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8
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Assessing the expansion of the Cambrian Agronomic Revolution into fan-delta environments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14431. [PMID: 36002516 PMCID: PMC9402710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18199-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensity, extent, and ecosystem-level impact of bioturbation (i.e. Agronomic Revolution) at the dawn of the Phanerozoic is a hotly debated issue. Middle Cambrian fan-delta deposits in southwestern Saskatchewan provide insights into the paleoenvironmental extent of the Agronomic Revolution into marginal-marine environments. The studied deposits reveal that several environmental stressors had direct impact on trace-fossil distribution and bioturbation intensities in Cambrian fan deltas. Basal and proximal subaerial deposits are characterized by very coarse grain size and absence of bioturbation. Mid-fan and fan-toe deposits were formed under subaqueous conditions and are characterized by rapid bioturbation events in between sedimentation episodes when environmental stressors were ameliorated, providing evidence of a significant landward expansion of the Agronomic Revolution. Transgressive marine deposits accumulated after the abandonment of the fan-delta system display high levels of bioturbation intensity, reflecting stable environmental conditions that favored endobenthic colonization. The presence of intense bioturbation in both subaqueous fan delta and transgressive deposits provides further support to the view that Cambrian levels of biogenic mixing were high, provided that stable environmental conditions were reached. Our study underscores the importance of evaluating sedimentary facies changes to assess the impact of environmental factors prior to making evolutionary inferences.
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Feng X, Chen ZQ, Benton MJ, Su C, Bottjer DJ, Cribb AT, Li Z, Zhao L, Zhu G, Huang Y, Guo Z. Resilience of infaunal ecosystems during the Early Triassic greenhouse Earth. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0597. [PMID: 35767613 PMCID: PMC9242451 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Permian-Triassic mass extinction severely depleted biodiversity, primarily observed in the body fossil of well-skeletonized animals. Understanding how whole ecosystems were affected and rebuilt following the crisis requires evidence from both skeletonized and soft-bodied animals; the best comprehensive information on soft-bodied animals comes from ichnofossils. We analyzed abundant trace fossils from 26 sections across the Permian-Triassic boundary in China and report key metrics of ichnodiversity, ichnodisparity, ecospace utilization, and ecosystem engineering. We find that infaunal ecologic structure was well established in the early Smithian. Decoupling of diversity between deposit feeders and suspension feeders in carbonate ramp-platform settings implies that an effect of trophic group amensalism could have delayed the recovery of nonmotile, suspension-feeding epifauna in the Early Triassic. This differential reaction of infaunal ecosystems to variable environmental controls thus played a substantial but heretofore little appreciated evolutionary and ecologic role in the overall recovery in the hot Early Triassic ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Michael J. Benton
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
| | - Chunmei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - David J. Bottjer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alison T. Cribb
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ziheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Laishi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangyou Zhu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuangeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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10
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Saleh F, Guenser P, Gibert C, Balseiro D, Serra F, Waisfeld BG, Antcliffe JB, Daley AC, Mángano MG, Buatois LA, Ma X, Vizcaïno D, Lefebvre B. Contrasting Early Ordovician assembly patterns highlight the complex initial stages of the Ordovician Radiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3852. [PMID: 35264650 PMCID: PMC8907272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Early Ordovician is a key interval for our understanding of the evolution of life on Earth as it lays at the transition between the Cambrian Explosion and the Ordovician Radiation and because the fossil record of the late Cambrian is scarce. In this study, assembly processes of Early Ordovician trilobite and echinoderm communities from the Central Anti-Atlas (Morocco), the Montagne Noire (France), and the Cordillera Oriental (Argentina) are explored. The results show that dispersal increased diachronically in trilobite communities during the Early Ordovician. Dispersal did not increase for echinoderms. Dispersal was most probably proximally triggered by the planktic revolution, the fall in seawater temperatures, changes in oceanic circulation, with an overall control by tectonic frameworks and phylogenetic constraints. The diachronous increase in dispersal within trilobite communities in the Early Ordovician highlights the complexity of ecosystem structuring during the early stages of the Ordovician Radiation. As Early Ordovician regional dispersal was followed by well-documented continental dispersal in the Middle/Late Ordovician, it is possible to consider that alongside a global increase in taxonomic richness, the Ordovician Radiation is also characterized by a gradual increase in dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Saleh
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. .,MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Pauline Guenser
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5023, LEHNA, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Corentin Gibert
- Laboratoire de la Préhistoire à l'Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA, UMR 5199 CNRS, INEE), University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Diego Balseiro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Serra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz G Waisfeld
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP X5016GCA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jonathan B Antcliffe
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Allison C Daley
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Gabriela Mángano
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Luis A Buatois
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Palaeobiology, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. .,MEC International Joint Laboratory for Palaeobiology and Palaeoenvironment, Institute of Palaeontology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China. .,Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.
| | | | - Bertrand Lefebvre
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5276, LGL-TPE, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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11
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Bayet-Goll A, Buatois LA, Mángano MG, Daraei M. The interplay of environmental constraints and bioturbation on matground development along the marine depositional profile during the Ordovician Radiation. GEOBIOLOGY 2022; 20:233-270. [PMID: 34672404 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study documents the distribution of matgrounds in a wide variety of environments recorded in the Ordovician Lashkerak and Ghelli Formations in the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran in order to evaluate controls on their distribution along the marine depositional profile. Detailed facies analysis allowed differentiating three groups of facies associations in the Lower to Upper Ordovician deposits of the Lashkerak formation: (i) estuarine system; (ii) wave-dominated shoreface-offshore complex; and (iii) mixed river- and wave-influenced deltaic system. The Middle to Upper Ordovician deposits of the Ghelli formation are divided into two groups of facies associations: (i) tide-influenced deltaic succession and (ii) deep-water fan system. Microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) are present in deposits formed in the central estuarine basin (Lashkerak formation) and in proximal lobes and lobe fringes of deep-water turbidite fans (Ghelli formation). On the contrary, MISS are absent in deposits from the wave-dominated shoreface-offshore complex, river- and tide-dominated deltas, and various subenvironments of the incised wave-dominated estuary (i.e., bayhead delta and estuary mouth) and the deep-marine turbidite fan system (i.e., turbidite channel, slope, and outer lobe). The lack of evidence of mat-building microorganisms in the deltaic systems may have resulted from two factors: (1) high physico-chemical stressors caused by river-induced processes, and (2) increase in degree of sediment disturbance, biodiffusion, and bioirrigation by burrowing organisms. Formation of microbial mats in the wave-dominated shoreface-offshore complex was inhibited by the activity of an abundant and diverse infauna capable of reworking the sediment. Our analysis shows that the spatial distribution of microbial mats was controlled by an interplay of environmental factors and innovations in animal-substrate interactions, mostly expressed by secular changes in bioturbation. This study supports the notion that the agronomic revolution was diachronic, with marginal-marine and deep-sea ecosystems lagging behind shallow-marine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Bayet-Goll
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Luis A Buatois
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | | | - Mehdi Daraei
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
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