1
|
Mángano MG, Buatois LA, Piñuela L, Volkenborn N, Rodríguez-Tovar FJ, García-Ramos JC. Jurassic paleosurfaces with fecal mounds reveal the last supper of arenicolid worms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:709. [PMID: 38184722 PMCID: PMC10771522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Exceptional paleosurfaces preserving fecal casting mounds occur in the Upper Jurassic Lastres Formation of Spain. As in modern shorelines, these biogenic structures are associated with straight to sinuous-crested ripples showing the interplay of biological and physical processes in a low-energy marine environment. These trace fossils display characteristics, distribution, and densities like those of modern arenicolid populations (approximately 35 specimens per m2). Under close examination, these fecal casting mounds are morphologically undistinguishable from those produced by recent arenicolids (e.g. Arenicola marina, Abarenicola pacifica), providing evidence of the presence of these polychaetes in the Late Jurassic. As their modern counterparts, fossil arenicolids very likely modified their environment generating a seabed topography and impacting ancient benthic communities, sediment characteristics, and sediment biogeochemistry. Although the presence of oxic microhabitats and biogeochemical processes cannot be accurately measured in the fossil record, comparison with the work of modern populations allows to make inferences on sediment reworking and bioirrigation potential. In addition, association with grazing trails supports the idea of fertilization and modulation of food resources to other species. These paleosurfaces underscore the significance of high-fidelity snapshots in the fossil record (true substrates) to reconstruct past ecologies and sediment biogeochemistry. A new ichnotaxon, Cumulusichnus asturiensis n. igen. and n. isp., is defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriela Mángano
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
| | - Luis A Buatois
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Laura Piñuela
- Museo del Jurásico de Asturias (MUJA), 33328, Colunga, Asturias, Spain
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomasetti SJ, Hallinan BD, Tettelbach ST, Volkenborn N, Doherty OW, Allam B, Gobler CJ. Warming and hypoxia reduce the performance and survival of northern bay scallops (Argopecten irradians irradians) amid a fishery collapse. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2092-2107. [PMID: 36625070 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Warming temperatures and diminishing dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are among the most pervasive drivers of global coastal change. While regions of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean are experiencing greater than average warming, the combined effects of thermal and hypoxic stress on marine life in this region are poorly understood. Populations of the northern bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians across the northeast United States have experienced severe declines in recent decades. This study used a combination of high-resolution (~1 km) satellite-based temperature records, long-term temperature and DO records, field and laboratory experiments, and high-frequency measures of scallop cardiac activity in an ecosystem setting to quantify decadal summer warming and assess the vulnerability of northern bay scallops to thermal and hypoxic stress across their geographic distribution. From 2003 to 2020, significant summer warming (up to ~0.2°C year-1 ) occurred across most of the bay scallop range. At a New York field site in 2020, all individuals perished during an 8-day estuarine heatwave that coincided with severe diel-cycling hypoxia. Yet at a Massachusetts site with comparable DO levels but lower daily mean temperatures, mortality was not observed. A 96-h laboratory experiment recreating observed daily temperatures of 25 or 29°C, and normoxia or hypoxia (22.2% air saturation), revealed a 120-fold increased likelihood of mortality in the 29°C-hypoxic treatment compared with control conditions, with scallop clearance rates also reduced by 97%. Cardiac activity measurements during a field deployment indicated that low DO and elevated daily temperatures modulate oxygen consumption rates and likely impact aerobic scope. Collectively, these findings suggest that concomitant thermal and hypoxic stress can have detrimental effects on scallop physiology and survival and potentially disrupt entire fisheries. Recovery of hypoxic systems may benefit vulnerable fisheries under continued warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan D Hallinan
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| | | | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | | | - Bassem Allam
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nyer SC, Volkenborn N, Aller RC, Graffam M, Zhu Q, Price RE. Nitrogen transformations in constructed wetlands: A closer look at plant-soil interactions using chemical imaging. Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151560. [PMID: 34785218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands have long been used for domestic wastewater treatment. Despite the widespread application of constructed wetlands for wastewater remediation, they are still regarded as a black box in terms of the complex biogeochemical processes occurring internally, particularly with respect to plant-soil (and nitrogen) interactions. Additionally, many critical processes pertaining to nitrogen transformations in constructed wetlands are thought to occur in microzones within the rhizosphere, highlighting the need for studies with sub-cm spatial resolution. In this study we coupled nitrogen porewater measurements with chemical imaging to determine spatio-temporal patterns in porewater O2 and pH to assess the extent of plant-induced changes in soil redox dynamics that influence nitrogen biogeochemical cycling during dosed application of nitrogen-rich artificial wastewater. Planar optode imaging revealed extensive O2 fluxes to otherwise anoxic sediment via radial oxygen loss (ROL) from Typha latifolia roots. The contribution of photosynthetic O2 from this plant species was minimal as a strong oxic signal persisted in darkness (diel cycles). NH4+ and NOx- removal were strongly correlated with the extent of oxic and anoxic areas, a function largely attributed to the presence of plants and the associated enhanced microbial communities supported. The distribution of nitrogen species within the Typha rhizosphere exhibited reproducible trends as a function of distance from roots, with concentrations highest close to roots (1-5 mm from root surface) and subsequently decreasing at greater distances. Microscale spatio-temporal redox heterogeneity within the rhizosphere due to ROL imposed by plants promoted nitrogen removal likely by stimulating the coupling between nitrification and denitrification in these systems. Collectively, this study highlights the profound importance of plants in exerting controls on soil conditions and nitrogen cycling in constructed wetland systems. With careful considerations, constructed wetlands designed to promote wetland plants' functions may enhance nitrogen removal and mitigate nitrogen pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Nyer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Robert C Aller
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Molly Graffam
- Cornell Cooperative Extension of Suffolk County, Riverhead, NY 11901, USA
| | - Qingzhi Zhu
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Roy E Price
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; The New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kanabar M, Bauer S, Ezedum ZM, Dwyer IP, Moore WS, Rodriguez G, Mall A, Littleton AT, Yudell M, Kanabar J, Tucker WJ, Daniels ER, Iqbal M, Khan H, Mirza A, Yu JC, O'Neal M, Volkenborn N, Pochron ST. Roundup negatively impacts the behavior and nerve function of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6. [PMID: 33635453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup formulations. Glyphosate-based herbicides are used globally in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and in urban settings. Glyphosate can persist for years in our soil, potentially impacting the soil-dwelling arthropods that are primary drivers of a suite of ecosystem services. Furthermore, although glyphosate is not generally classified as neurotoxic to insects, evidence suggests that it may cause nerve damage in other organisms. In a series of experiments, we used food to deliver environmentally realistic amounts of Roundup ready-to-use III, a common 2% glyphosate-based herbicide formulation that lists isopropylamine salt as its active ingredient, to Madagascar hissing cockroaches. We then assessed the impact of contamination on body mass, nerve health, and behavior. Contaminated food contained both 30.6 mg glyphosate and so-called inert ingredients. Food was refreshed weekly for 26-60 days, depending on the experiment. We found that consumption of contaminated food did not impact adult and juvenile survivorship or body weight. However, consumption of contaminated food decreased ventral nerve cord action-potential velocity by 32%, caused a 29% increase in respiration rate, and caused a 74.4% decrease in time spent on a motorized exercise wheel. Such changes in behavior may make cockroaches less capable of fulfilling their ecological service, such as pollinating or decomposing litter. Furthermore, their lack of coordination may make them more susceptible to predation, putting their population at risk. Given the decline of terrestrial insect abundance, understanding common risks to terrestrial insect populations has never been more critical. Results from our experiments add to the growing body of literature suggesting that this popular herbicide can act as a neurotoxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kanabar
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Samuel Bauer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Zimuzo M Ezedum
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ian P Dwyer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - William S Moore
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Gabriella Rodriguez
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Aditya Mall
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Anne T Littleton
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | | | - Wade J Tucker
- Miller Place High School, Miller Place, NY, 11764, USA
| | - Emily R Daniels
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Mohima Iqbal
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Hira Khan
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ashra Mirza
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Joshua C Yu
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Marvin O'Neal
- Department of Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- Marine Sciences Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Sharon T Pochron
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Levinton JS, Volkenborn N, Gurr S, Correal K, Villacres S, Seabra R, Lima FP. Temperature-related heart rate in water and air and a comparison to other temperature-related measures of performance in the fiddler crab Leptuca pugilator (Bosc 1802). J Therm Biol 2020; 88:102502. [PMID: 32125988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Performance in poikilotherms is known to be sensitive to temperature, often with a low-sloping increase with temperature to a peak, and a steep decline with increasing temperature past the peak. We complemented past measures of performance by measuring heartbeat rates of the fiddler crab Leptuca pugilator in water and in air as a function of a range of temperatures previously shown to affect other measures of performance. In water over a range of 20-50 °C, heartbeat increased steadily to a peak at 40 °C and then steeply declined to near zero at 50 °C. In air, heartbeat also increased, but to a peak at 35 °C and then with a gentler decline than was found in water. Part of this different response may be due to evaporative water loss, which reduced body temperature in air, and therefore thermal stress, relative to body temperature when crabs were immersed in water. Increased availability of oxygen from air, according to the oxygen and capacity-limited thermal tolerance hypothesis, likely increased aerobic scope past the thermal peak, relative to within water, where oxygen delivery at higher temperatures may have been curtailed. We compared the heart rate performance relations to two previous measures of performance - endurance on a treadmill and sprint speed, both done in air. The peak performance temperature increased in the order: treadmill endurance time, sprint speed, heart rate in air, and heart rate in water, which demonstrates that different performance measures give different perspectives on the relation of thermal tolerance and fitness to temperature. Endurance may therefore be the limiting upper thermal stress factor in male fiddler crabs, when on hot sand flats. Temperature preference, found to be for temperatures <30 °C in air, could be a bet-hedging evolutionary strategy to avoid aerobic scope affecting endurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, USA
| | - Samuel Gurr
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, USA
| | - Kelly Correal
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, USA
| | | | - Rui Seabra
- Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Portugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Snelgrove PVR, Soetaert K, Solan M, Thrush S, Wei CL, Danovaro R, Fulweiler RW, Kitazato H, Ingole B, Norkko A, Parkes RJ, Volkenborn N. Global Carbon Cycling on a Heterogeneous Seafloor. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 33:96-105. [PMID: 29248328 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Diverse biological communities mediate the transformation, transport, and storage of elements fundamental to life on Earth, including carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. However, global biogeochemical model outcomes can vary by orders of magnitude, compromising capacity to project realistic ecosystem responses to planetary changes, including ocean productivity and climate. Here, we compare global carbon turnover rates estimated using models grounded in biological versus geochemical theory and argue that the turnover estimates based on each perspective yield divergent outcomes. Importantly, empirical studies that include sedimentary biological activity vary less than those that ignore it. Improving the relevance of model projections and reducing uncertainty associated with the anticipated consequences of global change requires reconciliation of these perspectives, enabling better societal decisions on mitigation and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul V R Snelgrove
- Department of Ocean Sciences and Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Karline Soetaert
- Estuarine and Delta Systems, Netherlands Institute of Sea Research and Utrecht University, Yerseke, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Solan
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Simon Thrush
- Institute of Marine Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Chih-Lin Wei
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Robinson W Fulweiler
- Departments of Earth and Environment and Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kitazato
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Baban Ingole
- National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403004 , India
| | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland; Stockholm University Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91 Stockholm
| | - R John Parkes
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-5000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Woodin SA, Volkenborn N, Pilditch CA, Lohrer AM, Wethey DS, Hewitt JE, Thrush SF. Same pattern, different mechanism: Locking onto the role of key species in seafloor ecosystem process. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26678. [PMID: 27230562 PMCID: PMC4882525 DOI: 10.1038/srep26678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seafloor biodiversity is a key mediator of ecosystem functioning, but its role is often excluded from global budgets or simplified to black boxes in models. New techniques allow quantification of the behavior of animals living below the sediment surface and assessment of the ecosystem consequences of complex interactions, yielding a better understanding of the role of seafloor animals in affecting key processes like primary productivity. Combining predictions based on natural history, behavior of key benthic species and environmental context allow assessment of differences in functioning and process, even when the measured ecosystem property in different systems is similar. Data from three sedimentary systems in New Zealand illustrate this. Analysis of the behaviors of the infaunal ecosystem engineers in each system revealed three very different mechanisms driving ecosystem function: density and excretion, sediment turnover and surface rugosity, and hydraulic activities and porewater bioadvection. Integrative metrics of ecosystem function in some cases differentiate among the systems (gross primary production) and in others do not (photosynthetic efficiency). Analyses based on behaviors and activities revealed important ecosystem functional differences and can dramatically improve our ability to model the impact of stressors on ecosystem and global processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ann Woodin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.,School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5000, USA
| | - Conrad A Pilditch
- School of Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Andrew M Lohrer
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton 3251, New Zealand
| | - David S Wethey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Judi E Hewitt
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton 3251, New Zealand
| | - Simon F Thrush
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, PO Box 11-115, Hamilton 3251, New Zealand.,Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92091, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chennu A, Volkenborn N, de Beer D, Wethey DS, Woodin SA, Polerecky L. Effects of Bioadvection by Arenicola marina on Microphytobenthos in Permeable Sediments. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134236. [PMID: 26230398 PMCID: PMC4521690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used hyperspectral imaging to study short-term effects of bioturbation by lugworms (Arenicola marina) on the surficial biomass of microphytobenthos (MPB) in permeable marine sediments. Within days to weeks after the addition of a lugworm to a homogenized and recomposed sediment, the average surficial MPB biomass and its spatial heterogeneity were, respectively, 150-250% and 280% higher than in sediments without lugworms. The surficial sediment area impacted by a single medium-sized lugworm (~4 g wet weight) over this time-scale was at least 340 cm2. While sediment reworking was the primary cause of the increased spatial heterogeneity, experiments with lugworm-mimics together with modeling showed that bioadvective porewater transport from depth to the sediment surface, as induced by the lugworm ventilating its burrow, was the main cause of the increased surficial MPB biomass. Although direct measurements of nutrient fluxes are lacking, our present data show that enhanced advective supply of nutrients from deeper sediment layers induced by faunal ventilation is an important mechanism that fuels high primary productivity at the surface of permeable sediments even though these systems are generally characterized by low standing stocks of nutrients and organic material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Chennu
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
| | - Dirk de Beer
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - David S. Wethey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Woodin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, United States of America
| | - Lubos Polerecky
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wegner KM, Volkenborn N, Peter H, Eiler A. Disturbance induced decoupling between host genetics and composition of the associated microbiome. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:252. [PMID: 24206899 PMCID: PMC3840651 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of oyster microbiomes have revealed that a limited number of microbes, including pathogens, can dominate microbial communities in host tissues such as gills and gut. Much of the bacterial diversity however remains underexplored and unexplained, although environmental conditions and host genetics have been implicated. We used 454 next generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of individually tagged PCR reactions to explore the diversity of bacterial communities in gill tissue of the invasive Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas stemming from genetically differentiated beds under ambient outdoor conditions and after a multifaceted disturbance treatment imposing stress on the host. RESULTS While the gill associated microbial communities in oysters were dominated by few abundant taxa (i.e. Sphingomonas, Mycoplasma) the distribution of rare bacterial groups correlated to relatedness between the hosts under ambient conditions. Exposing the host to disturbance broke apart this relationship by removing rare phylotypes thereby reducing overall microbial diversity. Shifts in the microbiome composition in response to stress did not result in a net increase in genera known to contain potentially pathogenic strains. CONCLUSION The decrease in microbial diversity and the disassociation between population genetic structure of the hosts and their associated microbiome suggest that disturbance (i.e. stress) may play a significant role for the assembly of the natural microbiome. Such community shifts may in turn also feed back on the course of disease and the occurrence of mass mortality events in oyster populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Mathias Wegner
- Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Coastal Ecology, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Hafenstrasse 43, 25992, List/Sylt, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Engel M, Behnke A, Bauerfeld S, Bauer C, Buschbaum C, Volkenborn N, Stoeck T. Sample pooling obscures diversity patterns in intertidal ciliate community composition and structure. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 79:741-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Engel
- Department of Ecology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern; Germany
| | - Anke Behnke
- Department of Ecology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern; Germany
| | - Sara Bauerfeld
- Department of Ecology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern; Germany
| | - Christine Bauer
- Department of Ecology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern; Germany
| | | | - Nils Volkenborn
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of South Carolina; Columbia; SC; USA
| | - Thorsten Stoeck
- Department of Ecology; University of Kaiserslautern; Kaiserslautern; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Woodin SA, Wethey DS, Volkenborn N. Infaunal Hydraulic Ecosystem Engineers: Cast of Characters and Impacts. Integr Comp Biol 2010; 50:176-87. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icq031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Abstract
A technique is presented for temporal characterization of the bioirrigation activity of benthic macrofauna and for quantitative estimation of its effects on the oxygen exchange between the sediment and the overlying water. The technique is based on high temporal resolution (15-30 s) oxygen imaging aided by a planar oxygen optode and can be applied under laboratory and field conditions, both freshwater and marine. It allows direct observation of the complex 2D oxygen dynamics in the sediment around the burrow while the animal dwells undisturbed in its natural environment. The conditions to which the animal is exposed can easily be controlled or manipulated. Chironomus plumosus, widely distributed freshwater insect larvae, were used in a case study. Their bioirrigation activity was divided into a random succession of pumping intervals (duration 5.4 +/- 1.7 min) and rest periods (duration 9.2 +/- 5.8 min). The burrow ventilation resulted in a highly variable volume of the oxygenated sediment surrounding the burrow and the associated sedimentary oxygen uptake rate through the burrow wall (OUB), both changing dramatically within minutes. Their variability was higher in a burrow under construction than around a stationary burrow. The average OUB rate (approximately 0.15 micromol O2 h(-1)), when translated into a time-averaged 02 flux across the burrow wall, constituted approximately 64% of the stationary diffusive oxygen flux measured at the sediment-water interface (approximately0.9 mmol O2 m(-2) h(-1)).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Polerecky
- Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|