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Yudell M, Hammonds EM. What it means to abandon race in science? Exp Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38699784 DOI: 10.1113/ep091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yudell
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Evelynn M Hammonds
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Lilley R, Rapaport H, Poulsen R, Yudell M, Pellicano E. Contributing to an autism biobank: Diverse perspectives from autistic participants, family members and researchers. Autism 2023:13623613231203938. [PMID: 37882180 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231203938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT A lot of autism research has focused on finding genes that might cause autism. To conduct these genetic studies, researchers have created 'biobanks' - collections of biological samples (such as blood, saliva, urine, stool and hair) and other health information (such as cognitive assessments and medical histories). Our study focused on the Australian Autism Biobank, which collected biological and health information from almost 1000 Australian autistic children and their families. We wanted to know what people thought about giving their information to the Biobank and why they chose to do so. We spoke to 71 people who gave to the Biobank, including 18 autistic adolescents and young adults, 46 of their parents and seven of their siblings. We also spoke to six researchers who worked on the Biobank project. We found that people were interested in giving their information to the Biobank so they could understand why some people were autistic. Some people felt knowing why could help them make choices about having children in the future. People also wanted to be involved in the Biobank because they believed it could be a resource that could help others in the future. They also trusted that scientists would keep their information safe and were keen to know how that information might be used in the future. Our findings show that people have lots of different views about autism biobanks. We suggest researchers should listen to these different views as they develop their work.
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Lilley R, Lawson W, Hall G, Mahony J, Clapham H, Heyworth M, Arnold S, Trollor J, Yudell M, Pellicano E. "Peas in a pod": Oral History Reflections on Autistic Identity in Family and Community by Late-Diagnosed Adults. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1146-1161. [PMID: 35834048 PMCID: PMC9986211 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on a participatory oral history study documenting the lives of late-diagnosed autistic adults in Australia. We interviewed 26 autistic adults about their life history and the impact of late diagnosis. All were diagnosed after the age of 35, growing up in an era when autism was not well known. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we uncovered a rich body of reflections on shared Autistic identity and identified three major themes within that data set: 'conceptualising the Autistic family', 'creating Autistic community', and 'contesting Autistic identity'. Overall, the study provides insights into the active creation of shared Autistic identity and the importance of Autistic community to these late-diagnosed autistic adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozanna Lilley
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Wenn Lawson
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Hall
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne Mahony
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Melanie Heyworth
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Samuel Arnold
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry (3DN), School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Yudell
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living With Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK
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Pellicano E, Lawson W, Hall G, Mahony J, Lilley R, Heyworth M, Clapham H, Yudell M. "I Knew She'd Get It, and Get Me": Participants' Perspectives of a Participatory Autism Research Project. Autism Adulthood 2022; 4:120-129. [PMID: 36605972 PMCID: PMC9645671 DOI: 10.1089/aut.2021.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Autistic advocates and their supporters have long argued that conventional research practices provide too few opportunities for genuine engagement with autistic people, contributing to social disenfranchisement among autistic people. We recently described one attempt to develop and implement a participatory study in which a team of autistic and nonautistic researchers worked together to gather life histories from late-diagnosed autistic people. In the current study, we sought to understand the impact of this participatory approach on the participants themselves. Methods We spoke to 25 Australian late-diagnosed autistic adults (aged 45-72 years), who had been interviewed by an autistic researcher using an oral history approach. We asked them about their experience of being involved in that project and the research process more broadly. We thematically analyzed participants' interviews. Results Participants responded overwhelmingly positively to the opportunity to tell their life history, considering it illuminating and empowering. While recounting their life history was often described as "exhausting" and "draining," participants also reported feeling "supported all the way" and agreed "it was made easier because I had an autistic researcher interviewing me." One participant went so far as to say that they "probably would have dropped out [of the project] if it was run by people who weren't autistic." Conclusions These findings demonstrate that the benefits of coproduction to researchers and community partners extend to study participants and to the quality of the research itself. Involving autistic partners in the research process, especially in its implementation, can play a crucial role in enhancing autism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pellicano
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia.,Address correspondence to: Elizabeth Pellicano, PhD, Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, 29 Wally's Walk, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Wenn Lawson
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Hall
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joanne Mahony
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rozanna Lilley
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melanie Heyworth
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Reframing Autism, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hayley Clapham
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Yudell
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Budenz A, Klassen A, Purtle J, Yom-Tov E, Yudell M, Massey P. "If I was to post something, it would be too vulnerable:" University students and mental health disclosures on instagram. J Am Coll Health 2022; 70:615-624. [PMID: 32407177 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1759608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess Instagram use for mental health disclosure in university students to assess the potential for Instagram use as mental health support-seeking. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one students using mental health services while attending a private, Mid-Atlantic university between 6/2017-12/2017. METHODS Collected qualitative interview and Instagram data and analyzed them in parallel. Instagram data supplemented interview themes and were coded and analyzed quantitatively to define features of participants' Instagram use. RESULTS Participants displayed aversions to posting mental health disclosures on Instagram, citing public and self-stigma as barriers to disclosure. Despite this, participants reported instances in which their Instagram posts directly or indirectly reflected their lived experiences. Some also maintained second anonymous accounts for fuller disclosure. CONCLUSIONS Given the benefits of mental health disclosures to well-being and the predilection for social media use in university students, student and university-led initiatives to promote social media environments conducive to disclosures could have widespread mental health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Budenz
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ann Klassen
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan Purtle
- Public Health: Health Management and Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Michael Yudell
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip Massey
- Public Health: Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lilley R, Lawson W, Hall G, Mahony J, Clapham H, Heyworth M, Arnold SR, Trollor JN, Yudell M, Pellicano E. 'A way to be me': Autobiographical reflections of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood. Autism 2021; 26:1395-1408. [PMID: 34674564 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Using oral history methods, we interviewed and recorded 26 autistic adults in Australia about their life history. We wanted to better understand interviewees' self-reflections about their lives. The interviewers were autistic researchers and the interviews were analysed by autistic and non-autistic researchers. All of the adults we interviewed were born before 1975 and formally identified as autistic after age 35 years. This group of people is sometimes referred to as 'late-diagnosed autistic adults'. In general, there is not much research done about autistic adults and even less is known about those diagnosed late in life. In this article, we explore what these adults said about their sense of self and how that changed over time. These autistic adults told us about many negative experiences, including trauma, which had shaped how they think about themselves. For most, autism diagnosis had a very positive impact on their sense of self, allowing them to understand more about their own past and to feel good about their autistic identity. Previously some researchers have said that autistic people have a limited or impaired sense of self. Instead, our results show some autistic people can actually reflect deeply on their lives and their changing sense of self-identity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozanna Lilley
- Macquarie University, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | - Wenn Lawson
- Macquarie University, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | - Gabrielle Hall
- Macquarie University, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | - Joanne Mahony
- Macquarie University, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
| | | | | | - Samuel Rc Arnold
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia.,UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia.,UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Pellicano
- Macquarie University, Australia.,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Australia
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Hayes-Bautista DE, Bryant M, Yudell M, Hayes-Bautista TM, Partlow K, Popejoy AB, Burchard E, Hsu P. Office of Management and Budget Racial/Ethnic Categories in Mortality Research: A Framework for Including the Voices of Racialized Communities. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:S133-S140. [PMID: 34314200 PMCID: PMC8495649 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Since its founding, the US government has sorted people into racial/ethnic categories for the purpose of allowing or disallowing their access to social services and protections. The current Office of Management and Budget racial/ethnic categories originated in a dominant racial narrative that assumed a binary biological difference between Whites and non-Whites, with a hard-edged separation between them. There is debate about their continued use in researching group differences in mortality profiles and health outcomes: should we use them with modifications, cease using them entirely, or develop a new epistemology of human similarities and differences? This essay offers a research framework for including in these debates the daily lived experiences of the 110 million racialized non-White Americans whose lived experiences are the legacy of historically limited access to society's services and protections. The experience of Latinos in California is used to illustrate the major elements of this framework that may have an effect on mortality and health outcomes: a subaltern fuzzy-edged multivalent racial narrative, agency, voice, and community and cultural resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Hayes-Bautista
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Mara Bryant
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Michael Yudell
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Keosha Partlow
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alice Beecher Popejoy
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Esteban Burchard
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Paul Hsu
- David E. Hayes-Bautista is with Center for the Study of Latino Health and Culture, Division of General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA. Mara Bryant and Teodocia Maria Hayes-Bautista are with Adventist Health White Memorial, Los Angeles. Michael Yudell is with the Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA. Keosha Partlow is with the Urban Health Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles. Alice Beecher Popejoy is with the Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford Center for Computational, Evolutionary and Human Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Esteban Burchard is with the Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Paul Hsu is with the Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
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Yudell M. Considering racial terminology in public health research. Eur J Public Health 2021; 31:5-6. [PMID: 33529327 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yudell
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kanabar M, Bauer S, Ezedum ZM, Dwyer IP, Moore WS, Rodriguez G, Mall A, Littleton AT, Yudell M, Kanabar J, Tucker WJ, Daniels ER, Iqbal M, Khan H, Mirza A, Yu JC, O'Neal M, Volkenborn N, Pochron ST. Roundup negatively impacts the behavior and nerve function of the Madagascar hissing cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6. [PMID: 33635453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup formulations. Glyphosate-based herbicides are used globally in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, and in urban settings. Glyphosate can persist for years in our soil, potentially impacting the soil-dwelling arthropods that are primary drivers of a suite of ecosystem services. Furthermore, although glyphosate is not generally classified as neurotoxic to insects, evidence suggests that it may cause nerve damage in other organisms. In a series of experiments, we used food to deliver environmentally realistic amounts of Roundup ready-to-use III, a common 2% glyphosate-based herbicide formulation that lists isopropylamine salt as its active ingredient, to Madagascar hissing cockroaches. We then assessed the impact of contamination on body mass, nerve health, and behavior. Contaminated food contained both 30.6 mg glyphosate and so-called inert ingredients. Food was refreshed weekly for 26-60 days, depending on the experiment. We found that consumption of contaminated food did not impact adult and juvenile survivorship or body weight. However, consumption of contaminated food decreased ventral nerve cord action-potential velocity by 32%, caused a 29% increase in respiration rate, and caused a 74.4% decrease in time spent on a motorized exercise wheel. Such changes in behavior may make cockroaches less capable of fulfilling their ecological service, such as pollinating or decomposing litter. Furthermore, their lack of coordination may make them more susceptible to predation, putting their population at risk. Given the decline of terrestrial insect abundance, understanding common risks to terrestrial insect populations has never been more critical. Results from our experiments add to the growing body of literature suggesting that this popular herbicide can act as a neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kanabar
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Samuel Bauer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Zimuzo M Ezedum
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ian P Dwyer
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - William S Moore
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Gabriella Rodriguez
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Aditya Mall
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Anne T Littleton
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | | | - Wade J Tucker
- Miller Place High School, Miller Place, NY, 11764, USA
| | - Emily R Daniels
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Mohima Iqbal
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Hira Khan
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Ashra Mirza
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Joshua C Yu
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Marvin O'Neal
- Department of Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Nils Volkenborn
- Marine Sciences Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA
| | - Sharon T Pochron
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yudell
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Dorothy Roberts
- Law School and Departments of Africana Studies and Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rob DeSalle
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Sarah Tishkoff
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Popejoy AB, Crooks KR, Fullerton SM, Hindorff LA, Hooker GW, Koenig BA, Pino N, Ramos EM, Ritter DI, Wand H, Wright MW, Yudell M, Zou JY, Plon SE, Bustamante CD, Ormond KE. Clinical Genetics Lacks Standard Definitions and Protocols for the Collection and Use of Diversity Measures. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:72-82. [PMID: 32504544 PMCID: PMC7332657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics researchers and clinical professionals rely on diversity measures such as race, ethnicity, and ancestry (REA) to stratify study participants and patients for a variety of applications in research and precision medicine. However, there are no comprehensive, widely accepted standards or guidelines for collecting and using such data in clinical genetics practice. Two NIH-funded research consortia, the Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) and Clinical Sequencing Evidence-generating Research (CSER), have partnered to address this issue and report how REA are currently collected, conceptualized, and used. Surveying clinical genetics professionals and researchers (n = 448), we found heterogeneity in the way REA are perceived, defined, and measured, with variation in the perceived importance of REA in both clinical and research settings. The majority of respondents (>55%) felt that REA are at least somewhat important for clinical variant interpretation, ordering genetic tests, and communicating results to patients. However, there was no consensus on the relevance of REA, including how each of these measures should be used in different scenarios and what information they can convey in the context of human genetics. A lack of common definitions and applications of REA across the precision medicine pipeline may contribute to inconsistencies in data collection, missing or inaccurate classifications, and misleading or inconclusive results. Thus, our findings support the need for standardization and harmonization of REA data collection and use in clinical genetics and precision health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice B Popejoy
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Kristy R Crooks
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie M Fullerton
- Department of Bioethics & Humanities, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucia A Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Barbara A Koenig
- Program in Bioethics, University of California San Francisco Laurel Heights, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
| | - Natalie Pino
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Erin M Ramos
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Deborah I Ritter
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hannah Wand
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiology, Stanford Healthcare, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matt W Wright
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Y Zou
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos D Bustamante
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kelly E Ormond
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Pellicano E, Lawson W, Hall G, Mahony J, Lilley R, Davis C, Arnold S, Trollor J, Yudell M. Documenting the untold histories of late-diagnosed autistic adults: a qualitative study protocol using oral history methodology. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037968. [PMID: 32474432 PMCID: PMC7264831 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receiving a diagnosis of autism in adulthood is increasingly common for a subset of individuals who were either misdiagnosed in childhood or missed out on a diagnosis altogether. This qualitative study, coproduced with autistic people, invites late-diagnosed autistic adults to share their life histories to (1) understand better the consequences of living without a diagnosis, (2) elucidate what precipitates an autism diagnosis in mid-to-late adulthood and (3) identify the perceived impact of receiving that diagnosis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Oral histories have been a successful way to uncover overlooked and marginalised voices. We therefore adopt qualitative, oral history methodology in this study to understand these adults' experiences, especially of living in an era when autism was not well known. We will recruit 24 participants who will (1) have been born before 1975, (2) have received a clinical, autism diagnosis after the age of 35, (3) be English-speaking and (4) have spent most of their childhood and adulthood living in Australia. Participants will take part in four sessions, including the main, qualitative, oral history interview, through a range of possible formats to facilitate inclusion. The interview data will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol has received institutional research ethics approval from Macquarie University's Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref.: 52019556310562). This study will yield understanding of the life experiences of autistic adults, especially middle-aged and older Australians, should inform more effective diagnostic practices and provide insight into the key factors that might promote resilience and enhance quality of life in autistic people. The findings will be disseminated to academic and clinical audiences through journal articles and conference presentations and to the autistic and autism communities through accessible reports. The interviews will also be prepared for digital archiving, which will enable ongoing access for future generations and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Pellicano
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wenn Lawson
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Hall
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne Mahony
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rozanna Lilley
- Macquarie School of Education, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Davis
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Samuel Arnold
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Trollor
- Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Yudell
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Pochron S, Simon L, Mirza A, Littleton A, Sahebzada F, Yudell M. Glyphosate but not Roundup® harms earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Chemosphere 2020; 241:125017. [PMID: 31605995 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the active ingredient in Roundup® formulations. While multiple studies have documented the toxicity, environmental persistence, and tendency to spread for glyphosate and Roundup®, few studies have compared the toxicity of glyphosate-based formulations to the toxicity of pure glyphosate for soil invertebrates, which contact both the herbicide and the formulations. Hundreds of formulations exist; their inert ingredients are confidential; and glyphosate persists in our food, water, and soil. In this experiment, we held glyphosate type and concentration constant, varying only formulation. Using Roundup Ready-to-Use III®, Roundup Super Concentrate®, and pure glyphosate, we delivered 26.3 mg glyphosate in the form of isopropylamine salt per kg of soil to compost worms (Eisenia fetida). We found that worms living in soil spiked with pure glyphosate lost 14.8-25.9% of their biomass and survived a stress test for 22.2-33.3% less time than worms living in uncontaminated soil. Worms living in soil spiked with Roundup Ready-to-Use III® and Roundup Super Concentrate® did not lose body mass and survived the stress test as well as worms living in uncontaminated soil. No contaminant affected soil microbial or fungal biomass over the 40-day period of this experiment. We suggest that the nitrates and phosphates in the formulations offset the toxic effects of glyphosate by spurring microbial growth and speeding glyphosate degradation. We also found a 26.5-41.3% reduction in fungal biomass across all treatments over the course of this experiment, suggesting that the worms consumed fungi and spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Pochron
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States.
| | - Leora Simon
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Ashra Mirza
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Anne Littleton
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Feisal Sahebzada
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
| | - Michael Yudell
- Sustainability Studies Program, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3435, United States
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14
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Abstract
There is growing recognition in the fields of public health and mental health services research that the provision of clinical services to individuals is not a viable approach to meeting the mental health needs of a population. Despite enthusiasm for the notion of population-based approaches to mental health, concrete guidance about what such approaches entail is lacking, and evidence of their effectiveness has not been integrated. Drawing from research and scholarship across multiple disciplines, this review provides a concrete definition of population-based approaches to mental health, situates these approaches within their historical context in the United States, and summarizes the nature of these approaches and their evidence. These approaches span three domains: (a) social, economic, and environmental policy interventions that can be implemented by legislators and public agency directors, (b) public health practice interventions that can be implemented by public health department officials, and (c) health care system interventions that can be implemented by hospital and health care system leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Purtle
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Katherine L Nelson
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | | | - Michael Yudell
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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15
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Garfield T, Yudell M. Commentary 2: Participatory Justice and Ethics in Autism Research. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics 2019; 14:455-457. [PMID: 31779547 DOI: 10.1177/1556264619858524b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Garfield
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Budenz A, Klassen A, Purtle J, Yom Tov E, Yudell M, Massey P. Mental illness and bipolar disorder on Twitter: implications for stigma and social support. J Ment Health 2019; 29:191-199. [PMID: 31694433 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2019.1677878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mental illness (MI), and particularly, bipolar disorder (BD), are highly stigmatized. However, it is unknown if this stigma is also represented on social media.Aims: Characterize Twitter-based stigma and social support messaging ("tweets") about mental health/illness (MH)/MI and BD and determine which tweets garnered retweets.Methods: We collected tweets about MH/MI and BD during a three-month period and analyzed tweets from dates with the most tweets ("spikes"), an indicator of topic interest. A sample was manually content analyzed, and the remainder were classified using machine learning (logistic regression) by topic, stigma, and social support messaging. We compared stigma and support toward MH/MI versus BD and used logistic regression to quantify tweet features associated with retweets, to assess tweet reach.Results: Of the 1,270,902 tweets analyzed, 94.7% discussed MH/MI and 5.3% discussed BD. Spikes coincided with a celebrity's death and a MH awareness campaign. Although the sample contained more support than stigma messaging, BD tweets contained more stigma and less support than MH/MI tweets. However, stigma messaging was infrequently retweeted, and users often retweeted personal MH experiences.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate opportunities for social media advocacy to reduce stigma and increase displays of social support towards people living with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Budenz
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ann Klassen
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Purtle
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Yudell
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip Massey
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Budenz A, Purtle J, Klassen A, Yom-Tov E, Yudell M, Massey P. The case of a mass shooting and violence-related mental illness stigma on Twitter. Stigma and Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1037/sah0000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Arana-Chicas E, Kioumarsi A, Carroll-Scott A, Massey PM, Klassen AC, Yudell M. Barriers and facilitators to mammography among women with intellectual disabilities: a qualitative approach. Disabil Soc 2019; 35:1290-1314. [PMID: 34408338 PMCID: PMC8370097 DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2019.1680348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although women with intellectual disabilities have the same breast cancer incidence rate as women without intellectual disabilities, they have fewer mammograms and higher mortality rates. Qualitative inquiry was employed to explore barriers and facilitators to mammography among this population. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 women with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers in Philadelphia during 2015-2016. Thematic analysis was conducted using inductive and deductive coding. While results provide further evidence for prior research on barriers to mammography among women with intellectual disabilities (e.g. being unprepared, fear of the exam), this study generated novel barriers such as lack of breast ultrasound awareness, sedation failing to work, and lack of mammogram education in adult day programs, and novel facilitators such as extended family support and positive attitudes. Results support the need to address barriers and promote facilitators to improve the breast cancer screening experience among women with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Arana-Chicas
- Cancer Disparities Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Avat Kioumarsi
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Carroll-Scott
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip M. Massey
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ann C. Klassen
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Mohanty S, Buttenheim AM, Feemster KA, Moser CA, Field RI, Yudell M, Turchi RM, Carroll-Scott A. Pediatricians' vaccine attitudes and practices before and after a major measles outbreak. J Child Health Care 2019; 23:266-277. [PMID: 30009615 DOI: 10.1177/1367493518786011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to describe how a sample of pediatricians were impacted by and responded to the Disneyland measles outbreak in the United States. We conducted three repeated cross-sectional, online surveys in 2014 (before the outbreak), 2015, and 2016 (after the outbreak) among members of three state chapters of the American Academy of Pediatrics. We assessed pediatricians' level of willingness and length of time comfortable delaying the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine before and after the outbreak. Frequency of alternative immunization schedule requests and creation of office immunization policies due to the outbreak were measured. The sample included 304 pediatricians in 2014, 270 in 2015, and 221 in 2016. We found no significant changes in willingness or comfort delaying the MMR vaccine before and after the outbreak. In 2015, 38% of pediatricians reported fewer requests for alternative immunization schedules and 20% created stricter office immunization policies. A subsample of pediatricians reported administering the MMR vaccine earlier in the recommended time frame and taking extra precautions in waiting rooms due to the outbreak. Our results suggest that this measles outbreak did not lead to significant changes in attitudes or practices among this sample, but did modestly affect office immunization policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salini Mohanty
- 1 School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Robert I Field
- 3 Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Yudell
- 3 Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renee M Turchi
- 3 Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy Carroll-Scott
- 3 Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Arana E, Carroll-Scott A, Massey PM, Lee NL, Klassen AC, Yudell M. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Mammogram Frequency Among Women With Intellectual Disability. Intellect Dev Disabil 2019; 57:177-187. [PMID: 31120403 PMCID: PMC8363066 DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-57.3.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little information exists on the associations between intellectual disability (ID) and race/ethnicity on mammogram frequency. This study collected survey and medical record data to examine this relationship. Results indicated that Hispanic and Black women with ID were more likely than White women with ID to have mammograms every 2 years. Participants who live in a state-funded residence, were aged 50+, and had a mild or moderate level of ID impairment were more likely to undergo mammography compared to participants living with family or alone, were <50, and had severe ID impairment. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms explaining disparities in mammograms between these racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Arana
- Evelyn Arana, Cancer Disparities Center, Hackensack University Medical Center; and Amy Carroll-Scott, Philip Massey, Nora L. Lee, Ann C. Klassen, and Michael Yudell, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
| | - Amy Carroll-Scott
- Evelyn Arana, Cancer Disparities Center, Hackensack University Medical Center; and Amy Carroll-Scott, Philip Massey, Nora L. Lee, Ann C. Klassen, and Michael Yudell, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
| | - Philip M Massey
- Evelyn Arana, Cancer Disparities Center, Hackensack University Medical Center; and Amy Carroll-Scott, Philip Massey, Nora L. Lee, Ann C. Klassen, and Michael Yudell, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
| | - Nora L Lee
- Evelyn Arana, Cancer Disparities Center, Hackensack University Medical Center; and Amy Carroll-Scott, Philip Massey, Nora L. Lee, Ann C. Klassen, and Michael Yudell, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
| | - Ann C Klassen
- Evelyn Arana, Cancer Disparities Center, Hackensack University Medical Center; and Amy Carroll-Scott, Philip Massey, Nora L. Lee, Ann C. Klassen, and Michael Yudell, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
| | - Michael Yudell
- Evelyn Arana, Cancer Disparities Center, Hackensack University Medical Center; and Amy Carroll-Scott, Philip Massey, Nora L. Lee, Ann C. Klassen, and Michael Yudell, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health
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21
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Mohanty S, Carroll-Scott A, Wheeler M, Davis-Hayes C, Turchi R, Feemster K, Yudell M, Buttenheim AM. Vaccine Hesitancy in Pediatric Primary Care Practices. Qual Health Res 2018; 28:2071-2080. [PMID: 29947574 DOI: 10.1177/1049732318782164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how pediatric practices handle parental vaccine hesitancy is important as it impacts the efficiency and effectiveness of pediatric practices. In total, 21 semi-structured interviews with pediatric practice staff within a primary care network were conducted between May 2012 and March 2013. Thematic analysis focused on the barriers and challenges of vaccine hesitancy and strategies to reduce the burden at the practice level. Barriers and challenges of vaccine hesitancy included time constraints, administrative challenges, financial challenges and strained patient-provider relationships. Strategies to minimize the burden of vaccine hesitancy included training for vaccine counseling, screening for vaccine hesitancy prior to immunization visits, tailored vaccine counseling, and primary care provider visits for follow-up immunization. Pediatric practices reported many challenges when caring for vaccine-hesitant families. Multiple strategies were identified to reduce the burden of vaccine hesitancy, which future studies should explore to determine how effective they are in increasing vaccine acceptance in pediatric practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salini Mohanty
- 1 University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- 2 Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Marissa Wheeler
- 1 University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cecilia Davis-Hayes
- 3 Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Renee Turchi
- 2 Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- 4 St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristen Feemster
- 5 Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alison M Buttenheim
- 1 University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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22
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rob DeSalle
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
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23
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Gidaya NB, Lee BK, Burstyn I, Yudell M, Mortensen EL, Newschaffer CJ. In utero exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 44:2558-67. [PMID: 24803368 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether there is an association between increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used during pregnancy. This study used Denmark's health and population registers to obtain information regarding prescription drugs, ASD diagnosis, and health and socioeconomic status. There were 1.5 % of cases and 0.7 % of controls exposed to SSRIs during the pregnancy period, and higher effect estimates observed with longer use. We found evidence that in utero exposure to SSRIs increases a child's risk associated with ASD. These results, while adding to the limited knowledge on prenatal pharmacological exposures as potential ASD risk factors, need to be balanced against the benefits of indicated medication use by pregnant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole B Gidaya
- Drexel University, School of Public Health, Nesbitt Hall, 3215 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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24
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders are an issue of increasing public health significance. The incidence of autism spectrum disorders has been increasing in recent years, and they are associated with significant personal and financial impacts for affected persons and their families. In recent years, a large number of scientific studies have been undertaken, which investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for autism, with more studies underway. At present, much remains unknown regarding autism spectrum disorder risk factors, but the emerging picture of causation is in many cases complex, with multiple genes and gene-environment interactions being at play. The complexity and uncertainty surrounding autism spectrum disorder risk factors raise a number of questions regarding the ethical considerations that should be taken into account when undertaking autism spectrum disorder risk communication. At present, however, little has been written regarding autism spectrum disorder risk communication and ethics. This article summarizes the findings of a recent conference investigating ethical considerations and policy recommendations in autism spectrum disorder risk communication, which to the authors' knowledge is the first of its kind. Here, the authors discuss a number of issues, including uncertainty; comprehension; inadvertent harm; justice; and the appropriate roles of clinicians, scientists, and the media in autism spectrum disorder risk communication.
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25
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are an issue of significant and growing importance to the field of public health. The prevalence of ASDs is rising, and these disorders significantly impact the quality of life of affected persons and their families. Though the etiology of ASDs has long been poorly understood, in recent years, studies are revealing genetic and environmental risk information about ASDs, with much more risk information expected to follow from scientific studies currently underway. The availability of this risk information raises questions about whether and how it should be communicated to individuals, families, and the public at large. One ethical issue of particular concern with ASD risk communication is the possibility that it may cause inadvertent harm to risk message recipients. Here we review the emerging picture of ASD risk, discuss some ways in which it may lead to inadvertent harm, and suggest some future directions for risk communication research and practice that might help to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rossi
- Department of Community Health and Prevention, Drexel University School of Public Health, USA
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26
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Burstyn I, Lee B, Gidaya NB, Yudell M. Presentation of study results: the authors' responsibility. Environ Health Perspect 2012; 120:A343-A345. [PMID: 23487836 PMCID: PMC3440137 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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27
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rossi
- Drexel University School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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Bang R, Yudell M, Meier R. Predictive value of Drosophila. Science 1997; 275:1549-51. [PMID: 9072816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob DeSalle
- Molecular Laboratories, American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Ranhy Bang
- Graduate Training Program in Anthropod Systematics, Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA, and Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Michael Yudell
- Molecular Laboratories, American Museum of Natural History
| | - Rudolf Meier
- Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History
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