1
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Manning MC, Holcomb RE, Payne RW, Stillahn JM, Connolly BD, Katayama DS, Liu H, Matsuura JE, Murphy BM, Henry CS, Crommelin DJA. Stability of Protein Pharmaceuticals: Recent Advances. Pharm Res 2024:10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x. [PMID: 38937372 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-024-03726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There have been significant advances in the formulation and stabilization of proteins in the liquid state over the past years since our previous review. Our mechanistic understanding of protein-excipient interactions has increased, allowing one to develop formulations in a more rational fashion. The field has moved towards more complex and challenging formulations, such as high concentration formulations to allow for subcutaneous administration and co-formulation. While much of the published work has focused on mAbs, the principles appear to apply to any therapeutic protein, although mAbs clearly have some distinctive features. In this review, we first discuss chemical degradation reactions. This is followed by a section on physical instability issues. Then, more specific topics are addressed: instability induced by interactions with interfaces, predictive methods for physical stability and interplay between chemical and physical instability. The final parts are devoted to discussions how all the above impacts (co-)formulation strategies, in particular for high protein concentration solutions.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cornell Manning
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Ryan E Holcomb
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Robert W Payne
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joshua M Stillahn
- Legacy BioDesign LLC, Johnstown, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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2
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Saurabh S, Lei L, Li Z, Seddon JM, Lu JR, Kalonia C, Bresme F. Adsorption of monoclonal antibody fragments at the water-oil interface: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:026128. [PMID: 38948350 PMCID: PMC11211994 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can undergo structural changes due to interaction with oil-water interfaces during storage. Such changes can lead to aggregation, resulting in a loss of therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding the microscopic mechanism controlling mAb adsorption is crucial to developing strategies that can minimize the impact of interfaces on the therapeutic properties of mAbs. In this study, we used MARTINI coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the adsorption of the Fab and Fc domains of the monoclonal antibody COE3 at the oil-water interface. Our aim was to determine the regions on the protein surface that drive mAb adsorption. We also investigate the role of protein concentration on protein orientation and protrusion to the oil phase. While our structural analyses compare favorably with recent neutron reflectivity measurements, we observe some differences. Unlike the monolayer at the interface predicted by neutron reflectivity experiments, our simulations indicate the presence of a secondary diffused layer near the interface. We also find that under certain conditions, protein-oil interaction can lead to a considerable distortion in the protein structure, resulting in enhanced adsorption behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Saurabh
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Cavan Kalonia
- Dosage Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, USA
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
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3
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Velankar KY, Gawalt ES, Wen Y, Meng WS. Pharmaceutical proteins at the interfaces and the role of albumin. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3474. [PMID: 38647437 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A critical measure of the quality of pharmaceutical proteins is the preservation of native conformations of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Denaturation of the active proteins in any step before administration into patients could lead to loss of potency and/or aggregation, which is associated with an increased risk of immunogenicity of the products. Interfacial stress enhances protein instability as their adsorption to the air-liquid and liquid-solid interfaces are implicated in the formation of denatured proteins and aggregates. While excipients in protein formulations have been employed to reduce the risk of aggregation, the roles of albumin as a stabilizer have not been reviewed from practical and theoretical standpoints. The amphiphilic nature of albumin makes it accumulate at the interfaces. In this review, we aim to bridge the knowledge gap between interfacial instability and the influence of albumin as a surface-active excipient in the context of reducing the immunogenicity risk of protein formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketki Y Velankar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ellen S Gawalt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yi Wen
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wilson S Meng
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Griffin VP, Pace S, Ogunyankin MO, Holstein M, Hung J, Dhar P. Understanding the Impact of Combined Hydrodynamic Shear and Interfacial Dilatational Stress, on Interface-Mediated Particle Formation for Monoclonal Antibody Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00138-2. [PMID: 38615816 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
During biomanufacturing, several unit operations expose solutions of biologics to multiple stresses, such as hydrodynamic shear forces due to fluid flow and interfacial dilatational stresses due to mechanical agitation or bubble collapse. When these stresses individually act on proteins adsorbed to interfaces, it results in an increase in protein particles in the bulk solution, a phenomenon referred to as interface-induced protein particle formation. However, an understanding of the dominant cause, when multiple stresses are acting simultaneously or sequentially, on interface-induced protein particle formation is limited. In this work, we established a unique set-up using a peristaltic pump and a Langmuir-Pockels trough to study the impact of hydrodynamic shear stress due to pumping and interfacial dilatational stress, on protein particle formation. Our experimental results together demonstrate that for protein solutions subjected to various combinations of stress (i.e., interfacial and hydrodynamic stress in different sequences), surface pressure values during adsorption and when subjected to compression/dilatational stresses, showed no change, suggesting that the interfacial properties of the protein film are not impacted by pumping. The concentration of protein particles is an order of magnitude higher when interfacial dilatational stress is applied at the air-liquid interface, compared to solutions that are only subjected to pumping. Furthermore, the order in which these stresses are applied, have a significant impact on the concentration of protein particles measured in the bulk solution. Together, these studies conclude that for biologics exposed to multiple stresses throughout bioprocessing and manufacturing, exposure to air-liquid interfacial dilatational stress is the predominant mechanism impacting protein particle formation at the interface and in the bulk solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie P Griffin
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Samantha Pace
- Department of Drug Product, Department of Discovery Pharmaceutics, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 3551 Lawrenceville Road, Lawrence Township, NJ, 08648, USA
| | - Maria Olu Ogunyankin
- Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., One Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Melissa Holstein
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Jessica Hung
- Biologics Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc., 38 Jackson Road, Devens, MA, 01434, USA
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530 W 15(th) Street, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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5
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Escobar ELN, Vaclaw MC, Lozenski JT, Dhar P. Using Passive Microrheology to Measure the Evolution of the Rheological Properties of NIST mAb Formulations during Adsorption to the Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4789-4800. [PMID: 38379175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of novel protein-based therapeutics, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), is often limited due to challenges associated with maintaining the stability of these formulations during manufacturing, storage, and clinical administration. An undesirable consequence of the instability of protein therapeutics is the formation of protein particles. MAbs can adsorb to interfaces and have the potential to undergo partial unfolding as well as to form viscoelastic gels. Further, the viscoelastic properties may be correlated with their aggregation potential. In this work, a passive microrheology technique was used to correlate the evolution of surface adsorption with the evolution of surface rheology of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mAb reference material (NIST mAb) and interface-induced subvisible protein particle formation. The evolution of the surface adsorption and interfacial shear rheological properties of the NIST mAb was recorded in four formulation conditions: two different buffers (histidine vs phosphate-buffered saline) and two different pHs (6.0 and 7.6). Our results together demonstrate the existence of multiple stages for both surface adsorption and surface rheology, characterized by an induction period that appears to be purely viscous, followed by a sharp increase in protein molecules at the interface when the film rheology is viscoelastic and ultimately a slowdown in the surface adsorption that corresponds to the formation of solid-like or glassy films at the interface. When the transitions between the different stages occurred, they were dependent on the buffer/pH of the formulations. The onset of these transitions can also be correlated to the number of protein particles formed at the interface. Finally, the addition of polysorbate 80, an FDA-approved surfactant used to mitigate protein particle formation, led to the interface being surfactant-dominated, and the resulting interface remained purely viscous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estephanie Laura Nottar Escobar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - M Coleman Vaclaw
- Bioengineering Program, School of Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Joseph T Lozenski
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Prajnaparamita Dhar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, The University of Kansas, 1530W 15th Street, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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6
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Saurabh S, Zhang Q, Li Z, Seddon JM, Kalonia C, Lu JR, Bresme F. Mechanistic Insights into the Adsorption of Monoclonal Antibodies at the Water/Vapor Interface. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:704-717. [PMID: 38194618 PMCID: PMC10848294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are active components of therapeutic formulations that interact with the water-vapor interface during manufacturing, storage, and administration. Surface adsorption has been demonstrated to mediate antibody aggregation, which leads to a loss of therapeutic efficacy. Controlling mAb adsorption at interfaces requires a deep understanding of the microscopic processes that lead to adsorption and identification of the protein regions that drive mAb surface activity. Here, we report all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the adsorption behavior of a full IgG1-type antibody at the water/vapor interface. We demonstrate that small local changes in the protein structure play a crucial role in promoting adsorption. Also, interfacial adsorption triggers structural changes in the antibody, potentially contributing to the further enhancement of surface activity. Moreover, we identify key amino acid sequences that determine the adsorption of antibodies at the water-air interface and outline strategies to control the surface activity of these important therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Saurabh
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Zongyi Li
- Biological
Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, the University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - John M. Seddon
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Cavan Kalonia
- Dosage
Form Design and Development, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jian R. Lu
- Biological
Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science
and Engineering, the University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
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7
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Santander EA, Bravo G, Chang-Halabi Y, Olguín-Orellana GJ, Naulin PA, Barrera MJ, Montenegro FA, Barrera NP. The Adsorption of P2X2 Receptors Interacting with IgG Antibodies Revealed by Combined AFM Imaging and Mechanical Simulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:336. [PMID: 38203505 PMCID: PMC10778698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of proteins onto surfaces significantly impacts biomaterials, medical devices, and biological processes. This study aims to provide insights into the irreversible adsorption process of multiprotein complexes, particularly focusing on the interaction between anti-His6 IgG antibodies and the His6-tagged P2X2 receptor. Traditional approaches to understanding protein adsorption have centered around kinetic and thermodynamic models, often examining individual proteins and surface coverage, typically through Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. In this research, we introduce a computational approach employing Autodesk Maya 3D software for the investigation of multiprotein complexes' adsorption behavior. Utilizing Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) imaging and Maya 3D-based mechanical simulations, our study yields real-time structural and kinetic observations. Our combined experimental and computational findings reveal that the P2X2 receptor-IgG antibody complex likely undergoes absorption in an 'extended' configuration. Whereas the P2X2 receptor is less adsorbed once is complexed to the IgG antibody compared to its individual state, the opposite is observed for the antibody. This insight enhances our understanding of the role of protein-protein interactions in the process of protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo A. Santander
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
| | - Graciela Bravo
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Yuan Chang-Halabi
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
| | - Gabriel J. Olguín-Orellana
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
| | - Pamela A. Naulin
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
| | - Mario J. Barrera
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
| | - Felipe A. Montenegro
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
| | - Nelson P. Barrera
- Laboratory of Nanophysiology and Structural Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (E.A.S.); (G.B.); (G.J.O.-O.)
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8
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Pham KG, Thompson BR, Wang T, Samaddar S, Qian KK, Liu Y, Wagner NJ. Interfacial Pressure and Viscoelasticity of Antibodies and Their Correlation to Long-Term Stability in Formulation. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9724-9733. [PMID: 37917554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) form viscoelastic gel-like layers at the air-water interface due to their amphiphilic nature, and this same protein characteristic can lead to undesired aggregation of proteins in therapeutic formulations. We hypothesize that the interfacial viscoelasticity and surface pressure of mAbs at the air-water interface will correlate with their long-term stability. To test this hypothesis, the interfacial viscoelastic rheology and surface pressure of five different antibodies with varying visible particle counts from a three-year stability study were measured. We find that both the surface pressures and interfacial elastic moduli correlate well with the long-time mAb solution stability within a class of mAbs with the interfacial elastic moduli being particularly sensitive to discriminate between stable and unstable mAbs across a range of formulations. Furthermore, X-ray reflectivity was used to gain insight into the interfacial structure of mAbs at the air-water interface, providing a possible molecular mechanism to explain the relationship between interfacial elastic moduli and the long-term stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet G Pham
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Benjamin R Thompson
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Tingting Wang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Shayak Samaddar
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Ken K Qian
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Norman J Wagner
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Neutron Science, University of Delaware, Delaware 19716, United States
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9
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Sharma G, Seth A, Giri RP, Hayen N, Murphy BM, Ghosh SK. Ionic Liquid-Induced Assembly of DNA at Air-Water Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16079-16089. [PMID: 37922422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology is the future of many products in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Self-assembly of this negatively charged biopolymer at surfaces and interfaces is an essential step to elaborate its field of applications. In this study, the ionic liquid (IL) monolayer-assisted self-assembly of DNA macromolecules at the air-water interface has been closely monitored by employing various quantitative techniques, namely, surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms, surface potential, interfacial rheology, and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The π-A isotherms reveal that the IL 1,3-didecyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride induces DNA self-assembly at the interface, leading to a thick viscoelastic film. The interfacial rheology exhibits a notable rise in the viscoelastic modulus as the surface pressure increases. The values of storage and loss moduli measured as a function of strain frequency suggest a relaxation frequency that depends on the length of the macromolecule. The XRR measurements indicate a considerable increase in DNA layer thickness at the elevated surface pressures depending on the number of base pairs of the DNA. The results are considered in terms of the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, allowing a quantitative conclusion about the arrangement of DNA strands underneath the monolayer of the ILs at the air-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Ajit Seth
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Rajendra P Giri
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hayen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sajal K Ghosh
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
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10
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Zürcher D, Caduff S, Aurand L, Capasso Palmiero U, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Comparison of the Protective Effect of Polysorbates, Poloxamer and Brij on Antibody Stability Against Different Interfaces. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2853-2862. [PMID: 37295604 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins and antibodies are exposed to a variety of interfaces during their lifecycle, which can compromise their stability. Formulations, including surfactants, must be carefully optimized to improve interfacial stability against all types of surfaces. Here we apply a nanoparticle-based approach to evaluate the instability of four antibody drugs against different solid-liquid interfaces characterized by different degrees of hydrophobicity. We considered a model hydrophobic material as well as cycloolefin-copolymer (COC) and cellulose, which represent some of the common solid-liquid interfaces encountered during drug production, storage, and delivery. We assess the protective effect of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, Poloxamer 188 and Brij 35 in our assay and in a traditional agitation study. While all nonionic surfactants stabilize antibodies against the air-water interface, none of them can protect against hydrophilic charged cellulose. Polysorbates and Brij increase antibody stability in the presence of COC and the model hydrophobic interface, although to a lesser extent compared to the air-water interface, while Poloxamer 188 has a negligible stabilizing effect against these interfaces. These results highlight the challenge of fully protecting antibodies against all types of solid-liquid interfaces with traditional surfactants. In this context, our high-throughput nanoparticle-based approach can complement traditional shaking assays and assist in formulation design to ensure protein stability not only at air-water interfaces, but also at relevant solid-liquid interfaces encountered during the product lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Caduff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Aurand
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Klaus Wuchner
- Janssen R&D, BTDS Analytical Development, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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11
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Luviano AS, Costas M. High Interfacial Viscoelasticity of Aqueous Mixed Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactants Forming Inclusion Complexes with α-Cyclodextrin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11741-11749. [PMID: 37561396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of anionic-cationic surfactants have shown high synergistic effects in the bulk solution and at the liquid/air interface. These studies have been limited to a reduced concentration range, where there is no formation of aggregates or precipitates. The addition of host molecules, such as cyclodextrins, to these systems reduces the effects of precipitation by forming inclusion complexes and also modifies the values of other surfactant properties, like the Krafft temperature and the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). We studied the interfacial synergistic effects promoted by electrostatic interactions, using the Rosen model to calculate an interaction parameter for mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) in the presence of α-cyclodextrin (αCD), in aqueous solutions. We measured the CAC of SDS-DTAB-αCD mixtures using a pendant drop tensiometer, with the αCD concentration fixed at 10 mM and at 283.15 K. We performed rheological measurements on the mixtures where the surfactant total concentration is fixed below the measured CAC, varying the αCD concentration and temperature. We found that the dilatational modulus shows a clear correlation with the interaction parameter. It appears that the attractive interactions within the film are those due to the inclusion complexes formed by two αCD and one surfactant molecule, which according to the previous studies, is the dominant species in both the bulk and liquid/air interface. The synergistic effect observed here for SDS-DTAB surfactant mixtures with αCD can be applied to systems and processes (drop emission, drug delivery methods, stabilization of viral capsids and bacterial membranes, and emulsification) where interfacial processes require specific viscoelastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto S Luviano
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Miguel Costas
- Laboratorio de Biofisicoquímica, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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12
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Wood C, Razinkov VI, Qi W, Roberts CJ, Vermant J, Furst EM. Antibodies Adsorbed to the Air-Water Interface Form Soft Glasses. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:7775-7782. [PMID: 37222141 PMCID: PMC10249626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
When monoclonal antibodies are exposed to an air-water interface, they form aggregates, which negatively impacts their performance. Until now, the detection and characterization of interfacial aggregation have been difficult. Here, we exploit the mechanical response imparted by interfacial adsorption by measuring the interfacial shear rheology of a model antibody, anti-streptavidin immunoglobulin-1 (AS-IgG1), at the air-water interface. Strong viscoelastic layers of AS-IgG1 form when the protein is adsorbed from the bulk solution. Creep experiments correlate the compliance of the interfacial protein layer with the subphase solution pH and bulk concentration. These, along with oscillatory strain amplitude and frequency sweeps, show that the viscoelastic behavior of the adsorbed layers is that of a soft glass with interfacial shear moduli on the order of 10-3 Pa m. Shifting the creep compliance curves under different applied stresses forms master curves consistent with stress-time superposition of soft interfacial glasses. The interfacial rheology results are discussed in the context of the interface-mediated aggregation of AS-IgG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin
V. Wood
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Vladimir I. Razinkov
- Drug
Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Wei Qi
- Drug
Product Development, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Christopher J. Roberts
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jan Vermant
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Eric M. Furst
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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13
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Kopp MRG, Grigolato F, Zürcher D, Das TK, Chou D, Wuchner K, Arosio P. Surface-Induced Protein Aggregation and Particle Formation in Biologics: Current Understanding of Mechanisms, Detection and Mitigation Strategies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:377-385. [PMID: 36223809 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein stability against aggregation is a major quality concern for the production of safe and effective biopharmaceuticals. Amongst the different drivers of protein aggregation, increasing evidence indicates that interactions between proteins and interfaces represent a major risk factor for the formation of protein aggregates in aqueous solutions. Potentially harmful surfaces relevant to biologics manufacturing and storage include air-water and silicone oil-water interfaces as well as materials from different processing units, storage containers, and delivery devices. The impact of some of these surfaces, for instance originating from impurities, can be difficult to predict and control. Moreover, aggregate formation may additionally be complicated by the simultaneous presence of interfacial, hydrodynamic and mechanical stresses, whose contributions may be difficult to deconvolute. As a consequence, it remains difficult to identify the key chemical and physical determinants and define appropriate analytical methods to monitor and predict protein instability at these interfaces. In this review, we first discuss the main mechanisms of surface-induced protein aggregation. We then review the types of contact materials identified as potentially harmful or detected as potential triggers of proteinaceous particle formation in formulations and discuss proposed mitigation strategies. Finally, we present current methods to probe surface-induced instabilities, which represent a starting point towards assays that can be implemented in early-stage screening and formulation development of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie R G Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fulvio Grigolato
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Zürcher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Ciutara CO, Barman S, Iasella S, Huang B, Zasadzinski JA. Dilatational and shear rheology of soluble and insoluble monolayers with a Langmuir trough. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:125-135. [PMID: 36063630 PMCID: PMC10038177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The surface dilatational and shear moduli of surfactant and protein interfacial layers can be derived from surface pressures measured with a Wilhelmy plate parallel, ΔΠpar and perpendicular ΔΠperp to the barriers in a Langmuir trough. EXPERIMENTAL Applying area oscillations, A0+ ΔAeiωt, in a rectangular Langmuir trough induces changes in surface pressure, ΔΠpar and ΔΠperp for monolayers of soluble palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), insoluble dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and the protein β-lactoglobulin to evaluate Es∗+Gs∗=A0ΔΠparΔA and Es∗-Gs∗=A0ΔΠperpΔA. Gs∗ was independently measured with a double-wall ring apparatus (DWR) and Es∗ by area oscillations of hemispherical bubbles in a capillary pressure microtensiometer (CPM) and the results were compared to the trough measurements. FINDINGS For LysoPC and DPPC, A0ΔΠparΔA≅A0ΔΠperpΔA meaning Es∗≫Gs∗ and Es∗≅A0ΔΠparΔA≅A0ΔΠperpΔA. Trough values for Es∗ were quantitatively similar to CPM when corrected for interfacial curvature. DWR showed G∗ was 4 orders of magnitude smaller than Es∗ for both LysoPC and DPPC. For β-lactoglobulin films, A0ΔΠparΔA>A0ΔΠperpΔA and Es∗ and Gs∗ were in qualitative agreement with independent CPM and DWR measurements. For β-lactoglobulin, both Es∗ and Gs∗ varied with film age and history on the trough, suggesting the evolution of the protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara O Ciutara
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sourav Barman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven Iasella
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Boxun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph A Zasadzinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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15
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Sanchez-Fernandez A, Basic M, Xiang J, Prevost S, Jackson AJ, Dicko C. Hydration in Deep Eutectic Solvents Induces Non-monotonic Changes in the Conformation and Stability of Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23657-23667. [PMID: 36524921 PMCID: PMC9801427 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The preservation of labile biomolecules presents a major challenge in chemistry, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as suitable environments for this purpose. However, how the hydration of DESs impacts the behavior of proteins is often neglected. Here, we demonstrate that the amino acid environment and secondary structure of two proteins (bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) and an antibody (immunoglobulin G) in 1:2 choline chloride:glycerol and 1:2 choline chloride:urea follow a re-entrant behavior with solvent hydration. A dome-shaped transition is observed with a folded or partially folded structure at very low (<10 wt % H2O) and high (>40 wt % H2O) DES hydration, while protein unfolding increases between those regimes. Hydration also affects protein conformation and stability, as demonstrated for bovine serum albumin in hydrated 1:2 choline chloride:glycerol. In the neat DES, bovine serum albumin remains partially folded and unexpectedly undergoes unfolding and oligomerization at low water content. At intermediate hydration, the protein begins to refold and gradually retrieves the native monomer-dimer equilibrium. However, ca. 36 wt % H2O is required to recover the native folding fully. The half-denaturation temperature of the protein increases with decreasing hydration, but even the dilute DESs significantly enhance the thermal stability of bovine serum albumin. Also, protein unfolding can be reversed by rehydrating the sample to the high hydration regime, also recovering protein function. This correlation provides a new perspective to understanding protein behavior in hydrated DESs, where quantifying the DES hydration becomes imperative to identifying the folding and stability of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Sanchez-Fernandez
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade
de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Jenaro de la Fuente, s/n, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain,Food
Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund
University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden,
| | - Medina Basic
- Food
Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund
University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Food
Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund
University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Prevost
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, DS / LSS,
71 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Andrew J. Jackson
- European
Spallation Source, Box
176, Lund 221 00, Sweden,Department
of Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Cedric Dicko
- Pure
and
Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box
124, Lund SE-221 00, Sweden,Lund
Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden
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16
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Iasella SV, Barman S, Ciutara C, Huang B, Davidson ML, Zasadzinski JA. Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64110. [PMID: 36155417 PMCID: PMC10440739 DOI: 10.3791/64110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adsorption of surface-active molecules to fluid-fluid interfaces is ubiquitous in nature. Characterizing these interfaces requires measuring surfactant adsorption rates, evaluating equilibrium surface tensions as a function of bulk surfactant concentration, and relating how surface tension changes with changes in the interfacial area following equilibration. Simultaneous visualization of the interface using fluorescence imaging with a high-speed confocal microscope allows the direct evaluation of structure-function relationships. In the capillary pressure microtensiometer (CPM), a hemispherical air bubble is pinned at the end of the capillary in a 1 mL volume liquid reservoir. The capillary pressure across the bubble interface is controlled via a commercial microfluidic flow controller that allows for model-based pressure, bubble curvature, or bubble area control based on the Laplace equation. Compared to previous techniques such as the Langmuir trough and pendant drop, the measurement and control precision and response time are greatly enhanced; capillary pressure variations can be applied and controlled in milliseconds. The dynamic response of the bubble interface is visualized via a second optical lens as the bubble expands and contracts. The bubble contour is fit to a circular profile to determine the bubble curvature radius, R, as well as any deviations from circularity that would invalidate the results. The Laplace equation is used to determine the dynamic surface tension of the interface. Following equilibration, small pressure oscillations can be imposed by the computer-controlled microfluidic pump to oscillate the bubble radius (frequencies of 0.001-100 cycles/min) to determine the dilatational modulus The overall dimensions of the system are sufficiently small that the microtensiometer fits under the lens of a high-speed confocal microscope allowing fluorescently tagged chemical species to be quantitatively tracked with submicron lateral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven V Iasella
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota;
| | - Sourav Barman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota
| | - Clara Ciutara
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota
| | - Boxun Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Joseph A Zasadzinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota
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17
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Real-time imaging of monoclonal antibody film reconstitution after mechanical stress at the air-liquid interface by Brewster angle microscopy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 218:112757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Kanthe AD, Carnovale MR, Katz JS, Jordan S, Krause ME, Zheng S, Ilott A, Ying W, Bu W, Bera MK, Lin B, Maldarelli C, Tu RS. Differential Surface Adsorption Phenomena for Conventional and Novel Surfactants Correlates with Changes in Interfacial mAb Stabilization. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3100-3113. [PMID: 35882380 PMCID: PMC9450885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein adsorption on surfaces can result in loss of drug product stability and efficacy during the production, storage, and administration of protein-based therapeutics. Surface-active agents (excipients) are typically added in protein formulations to prevent undesired interactions of proteins on surfaces and protein particle formation/aggregation in solution. The objective of this work is to understand the molecular-level competitive adsorption mechanism between the monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a commercially used excipient, polysorbate 80 (PS80), and a novel excipient, N-myristoyl phenylalanine-N-polyetheramine diamide (FM1000). The relative rate of adsorption of PS80 and FM1000 was studied by pendant bubble tensiometry. We find that FM1000 saturates the interface faster than PS80. Additionally, the surface-adsorbed amounts from X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements show that FM1000 blocks a larger percentage of interfacial area than PS80, indicating that a lower bulk FM1000 surface concentration is sufficient to prevent protein adsorption onto the air/water interface. XRR models reveal that with an increase in mAb concentration (0.5-2.5 mg/mL: IV based formulations), an increased amount of PS80 concentration (below critical micelle concentration, CMC) is required, whereas a fixed value of FM1000 concentration (above its relatively lower CMC) is sufficient to inhibit mAb adsorption, preventing mAb from co-existing with surfactants on the surface layer. With this observation, we show that the CMC of the surfactant is not the critical factor to indicate its ability to inhibit protein adsorption, especially for chemically different surfactants, PS80 and FM1000. Additionally, interface-induced aggregation studies indicate that at minimum surfactant concentration levels in protein formulations, fewer protein particles form in the presence of FM1000. Our results provide a mechanistic link between the adsorption of mAbs at the air/water interface and the aggregation induced by agitation in the presence of surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit D Kanthe
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Miriam R Carnovale
- Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Joshua S Katz
- Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Susan Jordan
- Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors and Fragrances, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Mary E Krause
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Songyan Zheng
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Andrew Ilott
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - William Ying
- Sterile Product Development, Bristol Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
| | - Wei Bu
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606371, United States
| | - Mrinal K Bera
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606371, United States
| | - Binhua Lin
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 606371, United States
| | - Charles Maldarelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States.,Levich Institute, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Raymond S Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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19
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Dao HM, Sahakijpijarn S, Chrostowski RR, Moon C, Mangolini F, Cui Z, Williams RO. Aggregation of Lactoferrin Caused by Droplet Atomization Process via a Two-Fluid Nozzle: The Detrimental Effect of Air-Water Interfaces. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:2662-2675. [PMID: 35639017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biological macromolecules, especially therapeutic proteins, are delicate and highly sensitive to denaturation from stresses encountered during the manufacture of dosage forms. Thin-film freeze-drying (TFFD) and spray freeze-drying (SFD) are two processes used to convert liquid forms of protein into dry powders. In the production of inhalable dry powders that contain proteins, these potential stressors fall into three categories based on their occurrence during the primary steps of the process: (1) droplet formation (e.g., the mechanism of droplet formation, including spray atomization), (2) freezing, and (3) frozen water removal (e.g., sublimation). This study compares the droplet formation mechanism used in TFFD and SFD by investigating the effects of spraying on the stability of proteins, using lactoferrin as a model. This study considers various perspectives on the denaturation (e.g., conformation) of lactoferrin after subjecting the protein solution to the atomization process using a pneumatic two-fluid nozzle (employed in SFD) or a low-shear drop application through the nozzle. The surface activity of lactoferrin was examined to explore the interfacial adsorption tendency, diffusion, and denaturation process. Subsequently, this study also investigates the secondary and tertiary structure of lactoferrin and the quantification of monomers, oligomers, and, ultimately, aggregates. The spraying process affected the tertiary structure more negatively than the tightly woven secondary structure, resulting in the peak position corresponding to the tryptophan (Trp) residues red-shifting by 1.5 nm. This conformational change can either (a) be reversed at low concentrations via relaxation or (b) proceed to form irreversible aggregates at higher concentrations. Interestingly, when the sample was allowed to progress into micrometer-sized aggregates, such a dramatic change was not detected using methods such as size-exclusion chromatography, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and dynamic light scattering at 173°. A more complete understanding of the heterogeneous protein sample was achieved only through a combination of 173 and 13° backward and forward scattering, a combination of derived count rate measurements, and microflow imaging (MFI). After studying the impact of droplet formation mechanisms on aggregation tendency of lactoferrin, we further investigated two additional model proteins with different surface activity: bovine IgG (serving as a non surface-active negative reference), and β-galactosidase (another surface-active protein). The results corroborated the lactoferrin findings that spray-atomization-related stress-induced protein aggregation was much more pronounced for proteins that are surface active (lactoferrin and β-galactosidase), but it was minimal for non-surface-active protein (bovine IgG). Finally, compared to the low-shear dripping used in the TFFD process, lactoferrin underwent a relatively fast conformational change upon exposure to the high air-water interface of the two-fluid atomization nozzle used in the SFD process as compared to the low shear dripping used in the TFFD process. The interfacial-induced denaturation that occurred during spraying was governed primarily by the size of the atomized droplets, regardless of the duration of exposure to air. The percentage of denatured protein population and associated activity loss, in the case of β-galactosidase, was determined to range from 2 to 10% depending on the air-flow rate of the spraying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy M Dao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | | | - Robert R Chrostowski
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Filippo Mangolini
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas78712, United States
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20
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Chu X, Yang X, Shi Q, Dong X, Sun Y. Kinetic and molecular insight into immunoglobulin G binding to immobilized recombinant protein A of different orientations. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1671:463040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Versatile and Easily Designable Polyester-Laser Toner Interfaces for Site-Oriented Adsorption of Antibodies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073771. [PMID: 35409130 PMCID: PMC8998940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser toners appear as attractive materials for barriers and easily laminated interphases for Lab-on-a-Foil microfluidics, due to the excellent adhesion to paper and various membranes or foils. This work shows for the first time a comprehensive study on the adsorption of antibodies on toner-covered poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET@toner) substrates, together with assessment of such platforms in rapid prototyping of disposable microdevices and microarrays for immunodiagnostics. In the framework of presented research, the surface properties and antibody binding capacity of PET substrates with varying levels of toner coverage (0–100%) were characterized in detail. It was proven that polystyrene-acrylate copolymer-based toner offers higher antibody adsorption efficiency compared with unmodified polystyrene and PET as well as faster adsorption kinetics. Comparative studies of the influence of pH on the effectiveness of antibodies immobilization as well as measurements of surface ζ-potential of PET, toner, and polystyrene confirmed the dominant role of hydrophobic interactions in adsorption mechanism. The applicability of PET@toner substrates as removable masks for protection of foil against permanent hydrophilization was also shown. It opens up the possibility of precise tuning of wettability and antibody binding capacity. Therefore, PET@toner foils are presented as useful platforms in the construction of immunoarrays or components of microfluidic systems.
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