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Bhagchandani SH, Yang L, Lam JH, Maiorino L, Ben-Akiva E, Rodrigues KA, Romanov A, Suh H, Aung A, Wu S, Wadhera A, Chakraborty AK, Irvine DJ. Two-dose priming immunization amplifies humoral immunity by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadl3755. [PMID: 39303017 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adl3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Prolonging exposure to subunit vaccines during the primary immune response enhances humoral immunity. Escalating-dose immunization (EDI), administering vaccines every other day in an increasing pattern over 2 weeks, is particularly effective but challenging to implement clinically. Here, using an HIV Env trimer/saponin adjuvant vaccine, we explored simplified EDI regimens and found that a two-shot regimen administering 20% of the vaccine followed by the remaining 80% of the dose 7 days later increased TFH responses 6-fold, antigen-specific germinal center (GC) B cells 10-fold, and serum antibody titers 10-fold compared with bolus immunization. Computational modeling of TFH priming and the GC response suggested that enhanced activation/antigen loading on dendritic cells and increased capture of antigen delivered in the second dose by follicular dendritic cells contribute to these effects, predictions we verified experimentally. These results suggest that a two-shot priming approach can be used to substantially enhance responses to subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin H Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leerang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan H Lam
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna Romanov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anika Wadhera
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arup K Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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2
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Yousefpour P, Zhang YJ, Maiorino L, Melo MB, Arainga Ramirez MA, Kumarapperuma SC, Xiao P, Silva M, Li N, Michaels KK, Georgeson E, Eskandarzadeh S, Kubitz M, Groschel B, Qureshi K, Fontenot J, Hangartner L, Nedellec R, Love JC, Burton DR, Schief WR, Villinger FJ, Irvine DJ. Modulation of antigen delivery and lymph node activation in non-human primates by saponin adjuvant SMNP. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.28.608716. [PMID: 39253464 PMCID: PMC11383317 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.28.608716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Saponin-based vaccine adjuvants are potent in preclinical animal models and humans, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, using a stabilized HIV envelope trimer immunogen, we carried out studies in non-human primates (NHPs) comparing the most common clinical adjuvant alum with Saponin/MPLA Nanoparticles (SMNP), a novel ISCOMs-like adjuvant. SMNP elicited substantially stronger humoral immune responses than alum, including 7-fold higher peak antigen-specific germinal center B cell responses, 18-fold higher autologous neutralizing antibody titers, and higher levels of antigen-specific plasma and memory B cells. PET-CT imaging in live NHPs showed that, unlike alum, SMNP promoted rapid antigen accumulation in both proximal and distal lymph nodes (LNs). SMNP also induced strong type I interferon transcriptional signatures, expansion of innate immune cells, and increased antigen presenting cell activation in LNs. These findings indicate that SMNP promotes multiple facets of the early immune response relevant for enhanced immunity to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Yousefpour
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Yiming J Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | | | - Sidath C Kumarapperuma
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Na Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Katarzyna K Michaels
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kashif Qureshi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jane Fontenot
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moderna Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Francois J Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA 70560 USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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3
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Rodrigues KA, Zhang YJ, Aung A, Morgan DM, Maiorino L, Yousefpour P, Gibson G, Ozorowski G, Gregory JR, Amlashi P, Buckley M, Ward AB, Schief WR, Love JC, Irvine DJ. Vaccines combining slow delivery and follicle targeting of antigens increase germinal center B cell clonal diversity and clonal expansion. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.19.608655. [PMID: 39229011 PMCID: PMC11370361 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.19.608655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines incorporating slow delivery, multivalent antigen display, or immunomodulation through adjuvants have an important role to play in shaping the humoral immune response. Here we analyzed mechanisms of action of a clinically relevant combination adjuvant strategy, where phosphoserine (pSer)-tagged immunogens bound to aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvant (promoting prolonged antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes) are combined with a potent saponin nanoparticle adjuvant termed SMNP (which alters lymph flow and antigen entry into lymph nodes). When employed with a stabilized HIV Env trimer antigen in mice, this combined adjuvant approach promoted substantial enhancements in germinal center (GC) and antibody responses relative to either adjuvant alone. Using scRNA-seq and scBCR-seq, we found that the alum-pSer/SMNP combination both increased the diversity of GC B cell clones and increased GC B cell clonal expansion, coincident with increases in the expression of Myc and the proportion of S-phase GC B cells. To gain insight into the source of these changes in the GC response, we analyzed antigen biodistribution and structural integrity in draining lymph nodes and found that the combination adjuvant approach, but not alum-pSer delivery or SMNP alone, promoted accumulation of highly intact antigen on follicular dendritic cells, reflecting an integration of the slow antigen delivery and altered lymph node uptake effects of these two adjuvants. These results demonstrate how adjuvants with complementary mechanisms of action impacting vaccine biodistribution and kinetics can synergize to enhance humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Yiming J Zhang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Duncan M Morgan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Parisa Yousefpour
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Grace Gibson
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Justin R Gregory
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Parastoo Amlashi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Maureen Buckley
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Integrative, Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - William R Schief
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute; La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
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4
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Song Z, Jiao L, Wang D, Qiu Y, Miao J, Zhu T, Yu R, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Cai T, Zhang S, Liu H, Sun H, Sun Y, Liu Z. Controlling the speed of antigens transport in dendritic cells improves humoral and cellular immunity for vaccine. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117036. [PMID: 38941888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are an effective intervention for preventing infectious diseases. Currently many vaccine strategies are designed to improve vaccine efficacy by controlling antigen release, typically involving various approaches at the injection site. Yet, strategies for intracellular slow-release of antigens in vaccines are still unexplored. Our study showed that controlling the degradation of antigens in dendritic cells and slowing their transport from early endosomes to lysosomes markedly enhances both antigen-specific T-cell immune responses and germinal center B cell responses. This leads to the establishment of sustained humoral and cellular immunity in vivo imaging and flow cytometry indicated this method not only prolongs antigen retention at the injection site but also enhances antigen concentration in lymph nodes, surpassing traditional Aluminium (Alum) adjuvants. Additionally, we demonstrated that the slow antigen degradation induces stronger follicular helper T cell responses and increases proportions of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells. Overall, these findings propose that controlling the speed of antigens transport in dendritic cells can significantly boost vaccine efficacy, offering an innovative avenue for developing highly immunogenic next-generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuchen Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Lina Jiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yawei Qiu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yantong Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Ting Cai
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huina Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
| | - Yuechao Sun
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China.
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5
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Kocabiyik O, Amlashi P, Vo AL, Suh H, Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Dalvie NC, Love JC, Andrabi R, Irvine DJ. Vaccine targeting to mucosal lymphoid tissues promotes humoral immunity in the gastrointestinal tract. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7786. [PMID: 38809992 PMCID: PMC11135404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Viruses, bacteria, and parasites frequently cause infections in the gastrointestinal tract, but traditional vaccination strategies typically elicit little or no mucosal antibody responses. Here, we report a strategy to effectively concentrate immunogens and adjuvants in gut-draining lymph nodes (LNs) to induce gut-associated mucosal immunity. We prepared nanoemulsions (NEs) based on biodegradable oils commonly used as vaccine adjuvants, which encapsulated a potent Toll-like receptor agonist and displayed antigen conjugated to their surface. Following intraperitoneal administration, these NEs accumulated in gut-draining mesenteric LNs, priming strong germinal center responses and promoting B cell class switching to immunoglobulin A (IgA). Optimized NEs elicited 10- to 1000-fold higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA titers in the serum and feces, respectively, compared to free antigen mixed with NE, and strong neutralizing antibody titers against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Thus, robust gut humoral immunity can be elicited by exploiting the unique lymphatic collection pathways of the gut with a lymph-targeting vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgun Kocabiyik
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Parastoo Amlashi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - A. Lina Vo
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sergio A. Rodriguez-Aponte
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil C. Dalvie
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Raiees Andrabi
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 USA
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6
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Lamoot A, Jangra S, Laghlali G, Warang P, Singh G, Chang LA, Park SC, Singh G, De Swarte K, Zhong Z, Louage B, De Lombaerde E, Ye T, Chen Y, Cuadrado-Castano S, Lienenklaus S, Sanders NN, Lambrecht BN, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, De Geest BG. Lipid Nanoparticle Encapsulation Empowers Poly(I:C) to Activate Cytoplasmic RLRs and Thereby Increases Its Adjuvanticity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306892. [PMID: 37867244 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(I:C) is a synthetic analogue of dsRNA capable of activating both TLR3 and RLRs, such as MDA-5 and RIG-I, as pathogen recognition receptors. While poly(I:C) is known to provoke a robust type I IFN, type III IFN, and Th1 cytokine response, its therapeutic use as a vaccine adjuvant is limited due to its vulnerability to nucleases and poor uptake by immune cells. is encapsulated poly(I:C) into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) containing an ionizable cationic lipid that can electrostatically interact with poly(I:C). LNP-formulated poly(I:C) triggered both lysosomal TLR3 and cytoplasmic RLRs, in vitro and in vivo, whereas poly(I:C) in an unformulated soluble form only triggered endosomal-localized TLR3. Administration of LNP-formulated poly(I:C) in mouse models led to efficient translocation to lymphoid tissue and concurrent innate immune activation following intramuscular (IM) administration, resulting in a significant increase in innate immune activation compared to unformulated soluble poly(I:C). When used as an adjuvant for recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, LNP-formulated poly(I:C) elicited potent anti-spike antibody titers, surpassing those of unformulated soluble poly(I:C) by orders of magnitude and offered complete protection against a SARS-CoV-2 viral challenge in vivo, and serum from these mice are capable of significantly reducing viral infection in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lamoot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gabriel Laghlali
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lauren A Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Seok-Chan Park
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54596, South Korea
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Kim De Swarte
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Zifu Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Benoit Louage
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Sara Cuadrado-Castano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Ghent University, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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7
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Yu G, Yang W, Zhang N, Yang C, Zeng H, Xue C, Sun B. Autoclave-Induced Changes in the Physicochemical Properties and Antigen Adsorption of Aluminum Adjuvants. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:455-462. [PMID: 37813301 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants are widely used in human vaccines, such as diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccines. The adsorption of antigens on aluminum hydroxide adjuvants determines the immune boosting effect of vaccines, but it is not clear how changes in physicochemical properties resulting from the production and formulation processes affect the adsorption of aluminum hydroxide adjuvants with antigens. In this study, the commercial aluminum hydroxide adjuvant Alhydrogel® was pretreated by commonly used processes such as autoclaving and calcination, and the changes of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant in physicochemical properties during the treatment were then comprehensively characterized. The adsorption of ovalbumin (OVA) with treated Alhydrogel®, was also investigated, it was found that the decrease in specific surface area caused by the autoclaving process reduced the adsorptive capacity of the antigen, and the adsorptive strength of antigen was decreased only when the surface hydroxyl groups and chemically bound water of adjuvant were reduced by calcination. These findings help to optimize the production and formulation process of adjuvants for the rational regulation of antigen adsorption in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Changying Xue
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
| | - Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China; Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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8
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Sun B, Li M, Yao Z, Yu G, Ma Y. Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants: Nanomaterials and Small Molecules. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:113-132. [PMID: 37059911 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants have been extensively and essentially formulated in subunits and certain inactivated vaccines for enhancing and prolonging protective immunity against infections and diseases. According to the types of infectious diseases and the required immunity, adjuvants with various acting mechanisms have been designed and applied in human vaccines. In this chapter, we introduce the advances in vaccine adjuvants based on nanomaterials and small molecules. By reviewing the immune mechanisms induced by adjuvants with different characteristics, we aim to establish structure-activity relationships between the physicochemical properties of adjuvants and their immunostimulating capability for the development of adjuvants for more effective preventative and therapeutic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiying Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ge Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering and Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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9
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Bhagchandani SH, Yang L, Maiorino L, Ben-Akiva E, Rodrigues KA, Romanov A, Suh H, Aung A, Wu S, Wadhera A, Chakraborty AK, Irvine DJ. Two-dose "extended priming" immunization amplifies humoral immune responses by synchronizing vaccine delivery with the germinal center response. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.563479. [PMID: 38045401 PMCID: PMC10690148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.563479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
"Extended priming" immunization regimens that prolong exposure of the immune system to vaccines during the primary immune response have shown promise in enhancing humoral immune responses to a variety of subunit vaccines in preclinical models. We previously showed that escalating-dosing immunization (EDI), where a vaccine is dosed every other day in an increasing pattern over 2 weeks dramatically amplifies humoral immune responses. But such a dosing regimen is impractical for prophylactic vaccines. We hypothesized that simpler dosing regimens might replicate key elements of the immune response triggered by EDI. Here we explored "reduced ED" immunization regimens, assessing the impact of varying the number of injections, dose levels, and dosing intervals during EDI. Using a stabilized HIV Env trimer as a model antigen combined with a potent saponin adjuvant, we found that a two-shot extended-prime regimen consisting of immunization with 20% of a given vaccine dose followed by a second shot with the remaining 80% of the dose 7 days later resulted in increased total GC B cells, 5-10-fold increased frequencies of antigen-specific GC B cells, and 10-fold increases in serum antibody titers compared to single bolus immunization. Computational modeling of the GC response suggested that this enhanced response is mediated by antigen delivered in the second dose being captured more efficiently as immune complexes in follicles, predictions we verified experimentally. Our computational and experimental results also highlight how properly designed reduced ED protocols enhance activation and antigen loading of dendritic cells and activation of T helper cells to amplify humoral responses. These results suggest that a two-shot priming approach can be used to substantially enhance responses to subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin H Bhagchandani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Leerang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Elana Ben-Akiva
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Anna Romanov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Aereas Aung
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Shengwei Wu
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Anika Wadhera
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Arup K Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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10
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Phung I, Rodrigues KA, Marina-Zárate E, Maiorino L, Pahar B, Lee WH, Melo M, Kaur A, Allers C, Fahlberg M, Grasperge BF, Dufour JP, Schiro F, Aye PP, Lopez PG, Torres JL, Ozorowski G, Eskandarzadeh S, Kubitz M, Georgeson E, Groschel B, Nedellec R, Bick M, Kaczmarek Michaels K, Gao H, Shen X, Carnathan DG, Silvestri G, Montefiori DC, Ward AB, Hangartner L, Veazey RS, Burton DR, Schief WR, Irvine DJ, Crotty S. A combined adjuvant approach primes robust germinal center responses and humoral immunity in non-human primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7107. [PMID: 37925510 PMCID: PMC10625619 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants and antigen delivery kinetics can profoundly influence B cell responses and should be critically considered in rational vaccine design, particularly for difficult neutralizing antibody targets such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antigen kinetics can change depending on the delivery method. To promote extended immunogen bioavailability and to present antigen in a multivalent form, native-HIV Env trimers are modified with short phosphoserine peptide linkers that promote tight binding to aluminum hydroxide (pSer:alum). Here we explore the use of a combined adjuvant approach that incorporates pSer:alum-mediated antigen delivery with potent adjuvants (SMNP, 3M-052) in an extensive head-to-head comparison study with conventional alum to assess germinal center (GC) and humoral immune responses. Priming with pSer:alum plus SMNP induces additive effects that enhance the magnitude and persistence of GCs, which correlate with better GC-TFH cell help. Autologous HIV-neutralizing antibody titers are improved in SMNP-immunized animals after two immunizations. Over 9 months after priming immunization of pSer:alum with either SMNP or 3M-052, robust Env-specific bone marrow plasma cells (BM BPC) are observed. Furthermore, pSer-modification of Env trimer reduce targeting towards immunodominant non-neutralizing epitopes. The study shows that a combined adjuvant approach can augment humoral immunity by modulating immunodominance and shows promise for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Phung
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ester Marina-Zárate
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bapi Pahar
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mariane Melo
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Carolina Allers
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Marissa Fahlberg
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Brooke F Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Jason P Dufour
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Faith Schiro
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Pyone P Aye
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Paul G Lopez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jonathan L Torres
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gabriel Ozorowski
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Saman Eskandarzadeh
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Kubitz
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Erik Georgeson
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Nedellec
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Michael Bick
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek Michaels
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Diane G Carnathan
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Emory National Primate Research Center and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine Research & Development, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrew B Ward
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lars Hangartner
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ronald S Veazey
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane School of Medicine, Covington, LA, 70433, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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11
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Guo M, Xiong M, Peng J, Guan T, Su H, Huang Y, Yang CG, Li Y, Boraschi D, Pillaiyar T, Wang G, Yi C, Xu Y, Chen C. Multi-omics for COVID-19: driving development of therapeutics and vaccines. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad161. [PMID: 37936830 PMCID: PMC10627145 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised global concern for public health and economy. The development of therapeutics and vaccines to combat this virus is continuously progressing. Multi-omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics and metallomics, have helped understand the structural and molecular features of the virus, thereby assisting in the design of potential therapeutics and accelerating vaccine development for COVID-19. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest applications of multi-omics technologies in strategies addressing COVID-19, in order to provide suggestions towards the development of highly effective knowledge-based therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Muya Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haixia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyi Huang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 528107, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Centre for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, and China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Diana Boraschi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Nanomedicine, and China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tuebingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Centre, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 528107, China
| | - Chengqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Chemical Biology and Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Xu JC, Hu ZD, Fan XY. Advances in protein subunit vaccines against tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238586. [PMID: 37654500 PMCID: PMC10465801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), also known as the "White Plague", is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Before the COVID-19 epidemic, TB had the highest mortality rate of any single infectious disease. Vaccination is considered one of the most effective strategies for controlling TB. Despite the limitations of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in terms of protection against TB among adults, it is currently the only licensed TB vaccine. Recently, with the evolution of bioinformatics and structural biology techniques to screen and optimize protective antigens of Mtb, the tremendous potential of protein subunit vaccines is being exploited. Multistage subunit vaccines obtained by fusing immunodominant antigens from different stages of TB infection are being used both to prevent and to treat TB. Additionally, the development of novel adjuvants is compensating for weaknesses of immunogenicity, which is conducive to the flourishing of subunit vaccines. With advances in the development of animal models, preclinical vaccine protection assessments are becoming increasingly accurate. This review summarizes progress in the research of protein subunit TB vaccines during the past decades to facilitate the further optimization of protein subunit vaccines that may eradicate TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-chuan Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-dong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-yong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- TB Center, Shanghai Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Rodrigues KA, Cottrell CA, Steichen JM, Groschel B, Abraham W, Suh H, Agarwal Y, Ni K, Chang JYH, Yousefpour P, Melo MB, Schief WR, Irvine DJ. Optimization of an alum-anchored clinical HIV vaccine candidate. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:117. [PMID: 37573422 PMCID: PMC10423202 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In the ongoing effort to develop a vaccine against HIV, vaccine approaches that promote strong germinal center (GC) responses may be critical to enable the selection and affinity maturation of rare B cell clones capable of evolving to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. We previously demonstrated an approach for enhancing GC responses and overall humoral immunity elicited by alum-adjuvanted protein immunization via the use of phosphoserine (pSer) peptide-tagged immunogens that stably anchor to alum particles via ligand exchange with the alum particle surface. Here, using a clinically relevant stabilized HIV Env trimer termed MD39, we systematically evaluated the impact of several parameters relevant to pSer tag composition and trimer immunogen design to optimize this approach, including phosphate valency, amino acid sequence of the trimer C-terminus used for pSer tag conjugation, and structure of the pSer tag. We also tested the impact of co-administering a potent saponin/monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) nanoparticle co-adjuvant with alum-bound trimers. We identified MD39 trimer sequences bearing an optimized positively-charged C-terminal amino acid sequence, which, when conjugated to a pSer tag with four phosphates and a polypeptide spacer, bound very tightly to alum particles while retaining a native Env-like antigenicity profile. This optimized pSer-trimer design elicited robust antigen-specific GC B cell and serum IgG responses in mice. Through this optimization, we present a favorable MD39-pSer immunogen construct for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology Program, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christopher A Cottrell
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jon M Steichen
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bettina Groschel
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Wuhbet Abraham
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jason Y H Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Parisa Yousefpour
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mariane B Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - William R Schief
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Darrell J Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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14
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Zhao T, Cai Y, Jiang Y, He X, Wei Y, Yu Y, Tian X. Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:283. [PMID: 37468460 PMCID: PMC10356842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which the innate immune response controls the antigen-specific response, the adjuvants' action mechanisms are beginning to be elucidated. Adjuvants can be categorized as immunostimulants and delivery systems. Immunostimulants are danger signal molecules that lead to the maturation and activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by targeting Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to promote the production of antigen signals and co-stimulatory signals, which in turn enhance the adaptive immune responses. On the other hand, delivery systems are carrier materials that facilitate antigen presentation by prolonging the bioavailability of the loaded antigens, as well as targeting antigens to lymph nodes or APCs. The adjuvants' action mechanisms are systematically summarized at the beginning of this review. This is followed by an introduction of the mechanisms, properties, and progress of classical vaccine adjuvants. Furthermore, since some of the adjuvants under investigation exhibit greater immune activation potency than classical adjuvants, which could compensate for the deficiencies of classical adjuvants, a summary of the adjuvant platforms under investigation is subsequently presented. Notably, we highlight the different action mechanisms and immunological properties of these adjuvant platforms, which will provide a wide range of options for the rational design of different vaccines. On this basis, this review points out the development prospects of vaccine adjuvants and the problems that should be paid attention to in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Cai
- Division of Biliary Tract Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei He
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Radiology and Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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15
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Zai X, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li R, Li Y, Zhao X, Wang S, Yang Y, Yin Y, Zhang J, Xu J, Chen W. Precise modification of the surface charge of antigen enhances vaccine immunogenicity. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100451. [PMID: 37342672 PMCID: PMC10277596 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminum (alum) adjuvant is the most extensively used protein subunit vaccine adjuvant, and its effectiveness and safety have been widely recognized. The surface charge of the antigen determines its electrostatic adsorption to alum adjuvant, which directly affects the immune efficacy of the protein vaccine. In our study, we precisely modified its surface charge by inserting charged amino acids into the flexible region of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), achieving electrostatic adsorption and a site-specific anchor between the immunogen and alum adjuvant. This innovative strategy extended the bioavailability of the RBD and directionally displayed the neutralizing epitopes, thereby significantly enhancing humoral and cellular immunity. Furthermore, the required dose of antigen and alum adjuvant was greatly reduced, which improved the safety and accessibility of the protein subunit vaccine. On this basis, the wide applicability of this novel strategy to a series of representative pathogen antigens such as SARS-RBD, MERS-RBD, Mpox-M1, MenB-fHbp, and Tularemia-Tul4 was further confirmed. Charge modification of antigens provides a straightforward approach for antigenicity optimization of alum-adjuvanted vaccines, which has great potential to be adopted as a global defense against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zai
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- College of pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chuge Zhou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Fangxin Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ruihua Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yaohui Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yilong Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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16
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Brzuska G, Zimna M, Baranska K, Szewczyk B, Strakova P, Ruzek D, Krol E. The Influence of Adjuvant Type on the Immunogenicity of RBD/N Cocktail Antigens as a Vaccine Candidate against SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0256422. [PMID: 37199661 PMCID: PMC10269882 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02564-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging virus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 virus), agent of COVID-19, appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and became a serious threat to global health and public safety. Many COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and licensed around the world. Most of the developed vaccines include S protein and induce an antibody-based immune response. Additionally, T-cell response to the SARS-CoV-2 antigens could be beneficial for combating the infection. The type of immune response is greatly dependent not only on the antigen, but also on adjuvants used in vaccine formulation. Here, we compared the effect of four different adjuvants (AddaS03, Alhydrogel/MPLA, Alhydrogel/ODN2395, Quil A) on the immunogenicity of a mixture of recombinant RBD and N SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We have analyzed the antibody and T-cell response specific to RBD and N proteins and assessed the impact of adjuvants on virus neutralization. Our results clearly indicated that Alhydrogel/MPLA and Alhydrogel/ODN2395 adjuvants elicited the higher titers of specific and cross-reactive antibodies to S protein variants from various SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 strains. Moreover, Alhydrogel/ODN2395 stimulated high cellular response to both antigens, as assessed by IFN-γ production. Importantly, sera collected from mice immunized with RBD/N cocktail in combination with these adjuvants exhibited neutralizing activity against the authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as particles pseudotyped with S protein from various virus variants. The results from our study demonstrate the immunogenic potential of RBD and N antigens and point out the importance of adjuvants selection in vaccine formulation in order to enhance the immunological response. IMPORTANCE Although several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved worldwide, continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for new efficient vaccines against them, providing long-lasting immunity. As the immune response after vaccination is dependent not only on antigen used, but also on other vaccine components, e.g., adjuvants, the purpose of this work was to study the effect of different adjuvants on the immunogenicity of RBD/N SARS-CoV-2 cocktail proteins. In this work, it has been shown that immunization with both antigens plus the different adjuvants studied elicited higher Th1 and Th2 responses against RBD and N, which contributed to higher neutralization of the virus. The obtained results can be used for design of new vaccines, not only against SARS-CoV-2, but also against other important viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brzuska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Zimna
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Baranska
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Szewczyk
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Petra Strakova
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Laboratory of Emerging Viral Infections, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ewelina Krol
- Department of Recombinant Vaccines, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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17
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Volosnikova EA, Merkuleva IA, Esina TI, Shcherbakov DN, Borgoyakova MB, Isaeva AA, Nesmeyanova VS, Volkova NV, Belenkaya SV, Zaykovskaya AV, Pyankov OV, Starostina EV, Zadorozhny AM, Zaitsev BN, Karpenko LI, Ilyichev AA, Danilenko ED. SARS-CoV-2 RBD Conjugated to Polyglucin, Spermidine, and dsRNA Elicits a Strong Immune Response in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040808. [PMID: 37112720 PMCID: PMC10146165 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid development and approval of several COVID vaccines based on the full-length spike protein, there is a need for safe, potent, and high-volume vaccines. Considering the predominance of the production of neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S-protein after natural infection or vaccination, it makes sense to choose RBD as a vaccine immunogen. However, due to its small size, RBD exhibits relatively poor immunogenicity. Searching for novel adjuvants for RBD-based vaccine formulations is considered a good strategy for enhancing its immunogenicity. Herein, we assess the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RBD conjugated to a polyglucin:spermidine complex (PGS) and dsRNA (RBD-PGS + dsRNA) in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly twice, with a 2-week interval, with 50 µg of RBD, RBD with Al(OH)3, or conjugated RBD. A comparative analysis of serum RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody titers showed that PGS, PGS + dsRNA, and Al(OH)3 enhanced the specific humoral response in animals. There was no significant difference between the groups immunized with RBD-PGS + dsRNA and RBD with Al(OH)3. Additionally, the study of the T-cell response in animals showed that, unlike adjuvants, the RBD-PGS + dsRNA conjugate stimulates the production of specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Volosnikova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Iuliia A Merkuleva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Esina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Dmitry N Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Mariya B Borgoyakova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A Isaeva
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Valentina S Nesmeyanova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Natalia V Volkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Belenkaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Anna V Zaykovskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Oleg V Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Starostina
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexey M Zadorozhny
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Boris N Zaitsev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Larisa I Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ilyichev
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Elena D Danilenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
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18
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Oktay E, Alem F, Hernandez K, Girgis M, Green C, Mathur D, Medintz IL, Narayanan A, Veneziano R. DNA origami presenting the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 elicit robust protective immune response. Commun Biol 2023; 6:308. [PMID: 36959304 PMCID: PMC10034259 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective and safe vaccines are invaluable tools in the arsenal to fight infectious diseases. The rapid spreading of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the need to develop methods for rapid and efficient vaccine development. DNA origami nanoparticles (DNA-NPs) presenting multiple antigens in prescribed nanoscale patterns have recently emerged as a safe, efficient, and easily scalable alternative for rational design of vaccines. Here, we are leveraging the unique properties of these DNA-NPs and demonstrate that precisely patterning ten copies of a reconstituted trimer of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 along with CpG adjuvants on the DNA-NPs is able to elicit a robust protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in a mouse model. Our results demonstrate the potential of our DNA-NP-based approach for developing safe and effective nanovaccines against infectious diseases with prolonged antibody response and effective protection in the context of a viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Oktay
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Farhang Alem
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Keziah Hernandez
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | - Michael Girgis
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Christopher Green
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Divita Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Igor L Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
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19
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Rodriguez-Aponte SA, Dalvie NC, Wong TY, Johnston RS, Naranjo CA, Bajoria S, Kumru OS, Kaur K, Russ BP, Lee KS, Cyphert HA, Barbier M, Rao HD, Rajurkar MP, Lothe RR, Shaligram US, Batwal S, Chandrasekaran R, Nagar G, Kleanthous H, Biswas S, Bevere JR, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Damron FH, Love JC. Molecular engineering of a cryptic epitope in Spike RBD improves manufacturability and neutralizing breadth against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccine 2023; 41:1108-1118. [PMID: 36610932 PMCID: PMC9797419 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a continued need for sarbecovirus vaccines that can be manufactured and distributed in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Subunit protein vaccines are manufactured at large scales at low costs, have less stringent temperature requirements for distribution in LMICs, and several candidates have shown protection against SARS-CoV-2. We previously reported an engineered variant of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor binding domain antigen (RBD-L452K-F490W; RBD-J) with enhanced manufacturability and immunogenicity compared to the ancestral RBD. Here, we report a second-generation engineered RBD antigen (RBD-J6) with two additional mutations to a hydrophobic cryptic epitope in the RBD core, S383D and L518D, that further improved expression titers and biophysical stability. RBD-J6 retained binding affinity to human convalescent sera and to all tested neutralizing antibodies except antibodies that target the class IV epitope on the RBD core. K18-hACE2 transgenic mice immunized with three doses of a Beta variant of RBD-J6 displayed on a virus-like particle (VLP) generated neutralizing antibodies (nAb) to nine SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern at similar levels as two doses of Comirnaty. The vaccinated mice were also protected from challenge with Alpha or Beta SARS-CoV-2. This engineered antigen could be useful for modular RBD-based subunit vaccines to enhance manufacturability and global access, or for further development of variant-specific or broadly acting booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Rodriguez-Aponte
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil C Dalvie
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ting Y Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Ryan S Johnston
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher A Naranjo
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Brynnan P Russ
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Katherine S Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Holly A Cyphert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 26506, USA
| | - Mariette Barbier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Harish D Rao
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411028, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gaurav Nagar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd., Pune 411028, India
| | | | - Sumi Biswas
- SpyBiotech Limited, Oxford Business Park North, Oxford OX4 2JZ, UK
| | - Justin R Bevere
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - F Heath Damron
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Vaccine Development Center at West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - J Christopher Love
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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20
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Xu D, Li C, Utz A, Weidenbacher PA, Tang S, Sanyal M, Pulendran B, Kim PS. Designing epitope-focused vaccines via antigen reorientation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.12.20.521291. [PMID: 36597536 PMCID: PMC9810212 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.20.521291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in vaccine development, especially against rapidly evolving viruses, is the ability to focus the immune response toward evolutionarily conserved antigenic regions to confer broad protection. For example, while many broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza have been found to target the highly conserved stem region of hemagglutinin (HA-stem), the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccines is predominantly directed to the immunodominant but variable head region (HA-head), leading to narrow-spectrum efficacy. Here, we first introduce an approach to controlling antigen orientation based on the site-specific insertion of short stretches of aspartate residues (oligoD) that facilitates antigen-binding to alum adjuvants. We demonstrate the generalizability of this approach to antigens from the Ebola virus, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza and observe enhanced antibody responses following immunization in all cases. Next, we use this approach to reorient HA in an "upside down" configuration, which we envision increases HA-stem exposure, therefore also improving its immunogenicity compared to HA-head. When applied to HA of H2N2 A/Japan/305/1957, the reoriented H2 HA (reoH2HA) on alum induced a stem-directed antibody response that cross-reacted with both group 1 and 2 influenza A HAs. Our results demonstrate the possibility and benefits of antigen reorientation via oligoD insertion, which represents a generalizable immunofocusing approach readily applicable for designing epitope-focused vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chunfeng Li
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ashley Utz
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Payton A.B. Weidenbacher
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shaogeng Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Sanyal
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter S. Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Xu D, Li C, Utz A, Weidenbacher PAB, Tang S, Sanyal M, Pulendran B, Kim PS. Designing epitope-focused vaccines via antigen reorientation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022. [PMID: 36597536 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.08.507187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A major challenge in vaccine development, especially against rapidly evolving viruses, is the ability to focus the immune response toward evolutionarily conserved antigenic regions to confer broad protection. For example, while many broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza have been found to target the highly conserved stem region of hemagglutinin (HA-stem), the immune response to seasonal influenza vaccines is predominantly directed to the immunodominant but variable head region (HA-head), leading to narrow-spectrum efficacy. Here, we first introduce an approach to controlling antigen orientation based on the site-specific insertion of short stretches of aspartate residues (oligoD) that facilitates antigen-binding to alum adjuvants. We demonstrate the generalizability of this approach to antigens from the Ebola virus, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza and observe enhanced antibody responses following immunization in all cases. Next, we use this approach to reorient HA in an "upside down" configuration, which we envision increases HA-stem exposure, therefore also improving its immunogenicity compared to HA-head. When applied to HA of H2N2 A/Japan/305/1957, the reoriented H2 HA (reoH2HA) on alum induced a stem-directed antibody response that cross-reacted with both group 1 and 2 influenza A HAs. Our results demonstrate the possibility and benefits of antigen reorientation via oligoD insertion, which represents a generalizable immunofocusing approach readily applicable for designing epitope-focused vaccine candidates. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Seasonal influenza vaccines induce a biased antibody response against the variable head of hemagglutinin, whereas conserved epitopes on the stem are a target for universal vaccines. Here we show that reorienting HA in an "upside-down" configuration sterically occludes the head and redirects the antibody response to the more exposed stem, thereby inducing broad cross-reactivity against hemagglutinins from diverse influenza strains.
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22
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Chang JYH, Agarwal Y, Rodrigues KA, Momin N, Ni K, Read BJ, Moyer TJ, Mehta NK, Silva M, Suh H, Melo MB, Wittrup KD, Irvine DJ. Co-Anchoring of Engineered Immunogen and Immunostimulatory Cytokines to Alum Promotes Enhanced-Humoral Immunity. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2100235. [PMID: 36311814 PMCID: PMC9595138 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein antigens are often combined with aluminum hydroxide (alum), the most commonly used adjuvant in licensed vaccines; yet the immunogenicity of alum-adjuvanted vaccines leaves much room for improvement. Here, the authors demonstrate a strategy for codelivering an immunostimulatory cytokine, the interleukin IL-21, with an engineered outer domain (eOD) human immunodeficiency virus gp120 Env immunogen eOD, bound together to alum to bolster the humoral immune response. In this approach, the immunogen and cytokine are co-anchored to alum particles via a short phosphoserine (pSer) peptide linker, promoting stable binding to alum and sustained bioavailability following injection. pSer-modified eOD and IL-21 promote enhanced lymphatic drainage and lead to accumulation of the vaccine in B cell follicles in the draining lymph nodes. This in turn promotes enhanced T follicular helper cell priming and robust germinal center responses as well as increased antigen-specific serum IgG titers. This is a general strategy for codelivery of immunostimulatory cytokine with immunogens providing a facile approach to modulate T cell priming and GC reactions toward enhanced protective immunity using the most common clinical vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y. H. Chang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Kristen A. Rodrigues
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA,Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA,Harvard‐MIT Health Sciences and Technology ProgramInstitute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine DevelopmentThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Noor Momin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Kaiyuan Ni
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Benjamin J. Read
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA,Harvard‐MIT Health Sciences and Technology ProgramInstitute for Medical Engineering and ScienceMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Tyson J. Moyer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Naveen K. Mehta
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Murillo Silva
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Heikyung Suh
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA
| | - Mariane B. Melo
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - K. Dane Wittrup
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA,Department of Chemical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of Technology500 Main StreetCambridgeMA02142USA,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General HospitalMassachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA02139USA,Department of Biological EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA,Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine DevelopmentThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA,Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA,Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseMD20815USA
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23
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Turley JL, Lavelle EC. Resolving adjuvant mode of action to enhance vaccine efficacy. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 77:102229. [PMID: 35779364 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adjuvants are a miscellaneous range of molecules and materials that can enhance the magnitude, functionality, breadth and durability of immune responses. Despite the multiplicity of compounds with adjuvant properties, less than a dozen are in clinical use in vaccines against infectious diseases. While many factors have contributed to their slow development, among the major challenges are the high safety and efficacy standards set by current adjuvants in human vaccines and our limited understanding of how adjuvants mediate their effects. This review outlines why it is so difficult to elucidate their mechanism of action, highlights areas that require in-depth research and discusses recent advancements that are revitalising adjuvant development. It is hoped that a fuller understanding of adjuvant sensing, signalling and function will facilitate the design of vaccines that promote sustained protective immunity against challenging bacterial and viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Turley
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02R590, Ireland.
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2 D02R590, Ireland.
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