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Ghaebi O, Klimmer S, Tornow N, Buijssen N, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Tomadin A, Rostami H, Soavi G. Ultrafast Opto-Electronic and Thermal Tuning of Third-Harmonic Generation in a Graphene Field Effect Transistor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401840. [PMID: 38889272 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphene is a unique platform for tunable opto-electronic applications thanks to its linear band dispersion, which allows electrical control of resonant light-matter interactions. Tuning the nonlinear optical response of graphene is possible both electrically and in an all-optical fashion, but each approach involves a trade-off between speed and modulation depth. Here, lattice temperature, electron doping, and all-optical tuning of third-harmonic generation are combined in a hexagonal boron nitride-encapsulated graphene opto-electronic device and demonstrate up to 85% modulation depth along with gate-tunable ultrafast dynamics. These results arise from the dynamic changes in the transient electronic temperature combined with Pauli blocking induced by the out-of-equilibrium chemical potential. The work provides a detailed description of the transient nonlinear optical and electronic response of graphene, which is crucial for the design of nanoscale and ultrafast optical modulators, detectors, and frequency converters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Ghaebi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klimmer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Nele Tornow
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Niels Buijssen
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Andrea Tomadin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, Pisa, 56127, Italy
| | - Habib Rostami
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Wang H, Hu Z, Deng J, Zhang X, Chen J, Li K, Li G. All-optical ultrafast polarization switching with nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk3882. [PMID: 38381825 PMCID: PMC10881032 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk3882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Optical switching has important applications in optical information processing, optical computing, and optical communications. The long-term pursuit of optical switch is to achieve short switching time and large modulation depth. Among various mechanisms, all-optical switching based on Kerr effect represents a promising solution. However, it is usually difficult to compromise both switching time and modulation depth of a Kerr-type optical switch. To circumvent this constraint, symmetry selective polarization switching via second-harmonic generation (SHG) in nonlinear crystals has been attracting scientists' attention. Here, we demonstrate SHG-based all-optical ultrafast polarization switching by using geometric phase controlled nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces. A switching time of hundreds of femtoseconds and a modulation depth of 97% were experimentally demonstrated. The function of dual-channel all-optical switching was also demonstrated on a metasurface, which consists of spatially variant meta-atoms. The nonlinear metasurface proposed here represents an important platform for developing all-optical ultrafast switches and would benefit the area of optical information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zixian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junhong Deng
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiafei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kingfai Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guixin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Wang F, Han Z, Sun J, Yang X, Wang X, Tang Z. Reversible Ultrafast Chiroptical Responses in Planar Plasmonic Nano-Oligomer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304657. [PMID: 37656897 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultracompact chiral plasmonic nanostructures with unique chiral light-matter interactions are vital for future photonic technologies. However, previous studies are limited to reporting their steady-state performance, presenting a fundamental obstacle to the development of high-speed optical devices with polarization sensitivity. Here, a comprehensive analysis of ultrafast chiroptical response of chiral gold nano-oligomers using time-resolved polarimetric measurements is provided. Significant differences are observed in terms of the absorption intensity, thus hot electron generation, and hot carrier decay time upon polarized photopumping, which are explained by a phenomenological model of the helicity-resolved optical transitions. Moreover, the chiroptical signal is switchable by reversing the direction of the pump pulse, demonstrating the versatile modulation of polarization selection in a single device. The results offer fundamental insights into the helicity-resolved optical transitions in photoexcited chiral plasmonics and can facilitate the development of high-speed polarization-sensitive flat optics with potential applications in nanophotonics and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Juehan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - XueKang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Herrmann P, Klimmer S, Lettau T, Monfared M, Staude I, Paradisanos I, Peschel U, Soavi G. Nonlinear All-Optical Coherent Generation and Read-Out of Valleys in Atomically Thin Semiconductors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301126. [PMID: 37226688 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With conventional electronics reaching performance and size boundaries, all-optical processes have emerged as ideal building blocks for high speed and low power consumption devices. A promising approach in this direction is provided by valleytronics in atomically thin semiconductors, where light-matter interaction allows to write, store, and read binary information into the two energetically degenerate but non-equivalent valleys. Here, nonlinear valleytronics in monolayer WSe2 is investigated and show that an individual ultrashort pulse with a photon energy tuned to half of the optical band-gap can be used to simultaneously excite (by coherent optical Stark shift) and detect (by a rotation in the polarization of the emitted second harmonic) the valley population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Herrmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klimmer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Thomas Lettau
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Monfared
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabelle Staude
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ioannis Paradisanos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology, N. Plastira 100, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ulf Peschel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Theory and Optics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
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