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Pavić V, Kovač-Andrić E, Ćorić I, Rebić S, Užarević Z, Gvozdić V. Antibacterial Efficacy and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized via Methanolic Extract of Fomes fomentarius L. Fr. Molecules 2024; 29:3961. [PMID: 39203038 PMCID: PMC11357466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis employs environmentally friendly, biodegradable substances for the production of nanomaterials. This study aims to develop an innovative method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a methanolic extract of Fomes fomentarius L. Fr. as the reducing agent and to assess the potential antibacterial properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The successful synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed through characterization techniques such as UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The UV-Vis analysis revealed an absorption peak at 423 nm, while FT-IR identified key phytochemical compounds involved in the reduction process. PXRD analysis indicated a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with prominent peaks observed at 2θ = 38°, 44.6°, 64.6°, and 78°, confirming the crystalline nature of the AgNPs, with a crystallite diameter of approximately 24 nm, consistent with TEM analysis. The synthesized AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus, with higher efficacy against gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pavić
- Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Elvira Kovač-Andrić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (E.K.-A.); (S.R.)
| | - Ivan Ćorić
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine in Osijek, University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Stella Rebić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (E.K.-A.); (S.R.)
| | - Zvonimir Užarević
- Faculty of Education, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 10, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Vlatka Gvozdić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (E.K.-A.); (S.R.)
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Klemm S, Freidank-Pohl C, Bauer L, Mantouvalou I, Simon U, Fleck C. Hierarchical structure and chemical composition of complementary segments of the fruiting bodies of Fomes fomentarius fungi fine-tune the compressive properties. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304614. [PMID: 38870218 PMCID: PMC11175439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Humanity is often fascinated by structures and materials developed by Nature. While structural materials such as wood have been widely studied, the structural and mechanical properties of fungi are still largely unknown. One of the structurally interesting fungi is the polypore Fomes fomentarius. The present study deals with the investigation of the light but robust fruiting body of F. fomentarius. The four segments of the fruiting body (crust, trama, hymenium, and mycelial core) were examined. The comprehensive analysis included structural, chemical, and mechanical characterization with particular attention to cell wall composition, such as chitin/chitosan and glucan content, degree of deacetylation, and distribution of trace elements. The hymenium exhibited the best mechanical properties even though having the highest porosity. Our results suggest that this outstanding strength is due to the high proportion of skeletal hyphae and the highest chitin/chitosan content in the cell wall, next to its honeycomb structure. In addition, an increased calcium content was found in the hymenium and crust, and the presence of calcium oxalate crystals was confirmed by SEM-EDX. Interestingly, layers with different densities as well as layers of varying calcium and potassium depletion were found in the crust. Our results show the importance of considering the different structural and compositional characteristics of the segments when developing fungal-inspired materials and products. Moreover, the porous yet robust structure of hymenium is a promising blueprint for the development of advanced smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Klemm
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Fachgebiet Werkstofftechnik/Chair of Materials Science & Engineering, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Freidank-Pohl
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leona Bauer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty II Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BLiX, Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Analytical X-ray physics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty II Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BLiX, Institute for Optics and Atomic Physics, Analytical X-ray physics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulla Simon
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Fleck
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Fachgebiet Werkstofftechnik/Chair of Materials Science & Engineering, Berlin, Germany
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Beriashvili D, Zhou J, Liu Y, Folkers GE, Baldus M. Cellular Applications of DNP Solid-State NMR - State of the Art and a Look to the Future. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400323. [PMID: 38451060 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Sensitivity enhanced dynamic nuclear polarization solid-state NMR is emerging as a powerful technique for probing the structural properties of conformationally homogenous and heterogenous biomolecular species irrespective of size at atomic resolution within their native environments. Herein we detail advancements that have made acquiring such data, specifically within the confines of intact bacterial and eukaryotic cell a reality and further discuss the type of structural information that can presently be garnered by the technique's exploitation. Subsequently, we discuss bottlenecks that have thus far curbed cellular DNP-ssNMR's broader adoption namely due a lack of sensitivity and spectral resolution. We also explore possible solutions ranging from utilization of new pulse sequences, design of better performing polarizing agents, and application of additional biochemical/ cell biological methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beriashvili
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padaulaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics, Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics, Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, P. R. China
| | - Gert E Folkers
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padaulaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padaulaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Bosch J, Dobbler PT, Větrovský T, Tláskal V, Baldrian P, Brabcová V. Decomposition of Fomes fomentatius fruiting bodies - transition of healthy living fungus into a decayed bacteria-rich habitat is primarily driven by Arthropoda. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae044. [PMID: 38640440 PMCID: PMC11030162 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Fomes fomentarius is a widespread, wood-rotting fungus of temperate, broadleaved forests. Although the fruiting bodies of F. fomentarius persist for multiple years, little is known about its associated microbiome or how these recalcitrant structures are ultimately decomposed. Here we used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to analyse the microbial community associated with healthy living and decomposing F. fomentarius fruiting bodies to assess the functional potential of the fruiting body-associated microbiome and to determine the main players involved in fruiting body decomposition. F. fomentarius sequences in the metagenomes were replaced by bacterial sequences as the fruiting body decomposed. Most CAZymes expressed in decomposing fruiting bodies targeted components of the fungal cell wall with almost all chitin-targeting sequences, plus a high proportion of beta-glucan-targeting sequences, belonging to Arthropoda. We suggest that decomposing fruiting bodies of F. fomentarius represent a habitat rich in bacteria, while its decomposition is primarily driven by Arthropoda. Decomposing fruiting bodies thus represent a specific habitat supporting both microorganisms and microfauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bosch
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Priscila Thiago Dobbler
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Tláskal
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Vendula Brabcová
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 00 Prague, Czechia
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Zhao W, Debnath D, Gautam I, Fernando LD, Wang T. Charting the solid-state NMR signals of polysaccharides: A database-driven roadmap. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2024; 62:298-309. [PMID: 37724740 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) measurements of intact cell walls and cellular samples often generate spectra that are difficult to interpret due to the presence of many coexisting glycans and the structural polymorphism observed in native conditions. To overcome this analytical challenge, we present a statistical approach for analyzing carbohydrate signals using high-resolution ssNMR data indexed in a carbohydrate database. We generate simulated spectra to demonstrate the chemical shift dispersion and compare this with experimental data to facilitate the identification of important fungal and plant polysaccharides, such as chitin and glucans in fungi and cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic polymers in plants. We also demonstrate that chemically distinct carbohydrates from different organisms may produce almost identical signals, highlighting the need for high-resolution spectra and validation of resonance assignments. Our study provides a means to differentiate the characteristic signals of major carbohydrates and allows us to summarize currently undetected polysaccharides in plants and fungi, which may inspire future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Debkumar Debnath
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Isha Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Liyanage D Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Schmidt B, Freidank-Pohl C, Zillessen J, Stelzer L, Guitar TN, Lühr C, Müller H, Zhang F, Hammel JU, Briesen H, Jung S, Gusovius HJ, Meyer V. Mechanical, physical and thermal properties of composite materials produced with the basidiomycete Fomes fomentarius. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2023; 10:22. [PMID: 38049892 PMCID: PMC10694974 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-023-00169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve climate neutrality, fundamentally new concepts of circularity need to be implemented by the building sector as it contributes to 40% of anthropogenic CO2 emission. Fungal biotechnology can make a significant contribution here and help eliminate fossil dependency for building material production. Recently, we have shown that the medicinal polypore Fomes fomentarius feeds well on renewable lignocellulosic biomass and produces composite materials that could potentially replace fossil fuel-based expanded polystyrene as insulation material. RESULTS In this study, we explored the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of F. fomentarius-based composite materials in more detail and determined key performance parameters that are important to evaluate the usability of F. fomentarius-based composite materials in the construction sector. These parameters were determined according to European standards and included compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, thermal conductivity, water vapour permeability, and flammability of uncompressed composites as well as flexural strength, transverse tensile strength, and water absorption capacity of heat-pressed composites, among others. We could show that uncompressed composites obtained from F. fomentarius and hemp shives display a thermal conductivity of 0.044 W (m K)-1 which is in the range of natural organic fibres. A water vapour permeability of 1.72 and classification into flammability class B1 clearly surpasses fossil-based insulation materials including expanded polystyrene and polyurethane. We could furthermore show that heat-pressing can be used to reliably generate stiff and firm particleboards that have the potential to replace current wood-based particleboards that contain synthetic additives. X-ray microcomputed tomography finally visualized for the first time the growth of hyphae of F. fomentarius on and into the hemp shive substrates and generated high-resolution images of the microstructure of F. fomentarius-based composites. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that fungal-based composites produced with F. fomentarius partially meet or even exceed key performance parameters of currently used fossil fuel-based insulation materials and can also be used to replace particleboards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertram Schmidt
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Freidank-Pohl
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Justus Zillessen
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Stelzer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Núñez Guitar
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Lühr
- Department Systems Process Engineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henri Müller
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Fangxing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jörg U Hammel
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Heiko Briesen
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Chair of Process Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Sascha Jung
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Gusovius
- Department Systems Process Engineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Vera Meyer
- Chair of Applied and Molecular Microbiology, Technische Universität Berlin, Str. des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhang M, Xue J, Zhang R, Zhang W, Peng Y, Wang M, Cao J. Mycelium Composite with Hierarchical Porous Structure for Thermal Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302827. [PMID: 37403285 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
High-performance porous materials with a low carbon footprint provide sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based lightweight foams and can help meet carbon neutrality goals. However, these materials generally face a trade-off between thermal management capabilities and structural strength. Here, a mycelium composite with a hierarchical porous structure, including both macro- and microscale pores, produced from multiple and advanced mycelial networks (elastic modulus of 1.2 GPa) binding loosely distributed sawdust is demonstrated. The morphological, biological, and physicochemical properties of the filamentous mycelium and composites are discussed in terms of how they are influenced by the mycelial system of the fungi and the way they interact with the substrate. The composite shows a porosity of 0.94, a noise reduction coefficient of 0.55 at a frequency range of 250-3000 Hz (for a 15 mm thick sample), a thermal conductivity of 0.042 W m-1 K-1 , and an energy absorption of 18 kJ m-3 at 50% strain. It is also hydrophobic, repairable, and recyclable. It is expected that the hierarchical porous structural composite with excellent thermal and mechanical properties can make a significant impact on the future development of highly sustainable alternatives to lightweight plastic foams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xue
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Runhua Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yao Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mingzhi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhen Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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Dong X, Wu W, Pan P, Zhang XZ. Engineered Living Materials for Advanced Diseases Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2304963. [PMID: 37436776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Natural living materials serving as biotherapeutics exhibit great potential for treating various diseases owing to their immunoactivity, tissue targeting, and other biological activities. In this review, the recent developments in engineered living materials, including mammalian cells, bacteria, viruses, fungi, microalgae, plants, and their active derivatives that are used for treating various diseases are summarized. Further, the future perspectives and challenges of such engineered living material-based biotherapeutics are discussed to provide considerations for future advances in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P. R. China
| | - Pei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education and Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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