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Zhao J, Sun D, Xi L, Chen P, Zhao J, Wang Y. Effect of fission defects on tensile strength of U 3Si 2 Σ5(210) grain boundary from first-principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10880-10891. [PMID: 38525793 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05774g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
U3Si2 is regarded as a promising accident tolerant fuel (ATF) to replace the commercial fuel UO2; however, grain boundary (GB) embrittlement of U3Si2 caused by irradiation-induced defect segregation remains to be clarified. In this work, the U3Si2 Σ5(210) symmetrically tilted GB is taken as a representative to elucidate the individual effect of xenon (Xe) and vacancy on the tensile strength and failure of GBs using first-principles calculations. Compared with the predicted segregation energies of defects at the most energetically favourable positions of GBs, Si vacancy (VSi) has a much stronger preference to segregate to GBs than that of Xe substitution on the Si sublattice (XeSi). Moreover, the strengthening/embrittlement potency of GBs with single vacancy/Xe is evaluated using the first-principles-based uniaxial tensile test. Although both VSi and XeSi yield a weakening effect on the strength of the U3Si2 Σ5(210) GB, such defective GBs exhibit significantly stronger interface strengths compared to the corresponding defects segregated to the UO2 Σ3(111) GB. The underlying mechanism of strength change of U3Si2 GBs is discussed in terms of charge analysis. Our results can provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanical behavior of irradiated GBs from an atomic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Dan Sun
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liu Xi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ping Chen
- Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Mishra A, Srivastava D, Raj D, Patra N, Padhi SK. Formate dehydrogenase activity by a Cu(II)-based molecular catalyst and deciphering the mechanism using DFT studies. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1209-1220. [PMID: 38108489 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the requirement to establish renewable energy sources, formic acid (FA), one of the most probable liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), has received great attention. Catalytic formic acid dehydrogenation in an effective and environmentally friendly manner is still a challenge. The N3Q3 ligand (N3Q3 = N,N-bis(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)quinolin-8-amine) and the square pyramidal [Cu(N3Q3)Cl]Cl complex have been synthesised in this work and characterised using several techniques, such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, EPR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations. This work investigates the dehydrogenation of formic acid using a molecular and homogeneous catalyst [Cu(N3Q3)Cl]Cl in the presence of HCOONa. The mononuclear copper complex exhibits catalytic activity towards the dehydrogenation of formic acid in H2O with the evolution of a 1 : 1 CO2 and H2 mixture. The activation energy of formic acid dehydrogenation was calculated to be Ea = 86 kJ mol-1, based on experiments carried out at various temperatures. The Gibbs free energy was found to be 82 kJ at 298 K for the decomposition of HCOOH. The DFT studies reveal that [Cu(N3Q3)(HCOO-)]+ undergoes an uphill process of rearrangement followed by decarboxylation to generate [Cu(N3Q3)(H-)]+. The initial uphill step for forming a transition state is the rate-determining step. The [Cu(N3Q3)(H-)]+ follows an activated state in the presence of HCOOH to liberate H2 and generate the [Cu(N3Q3)(OH2)]2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Mishra
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Diship Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Dev Raj
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Niladri Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Padhi
- Artificial Photosynthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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3
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Chen Y, Yao Y, Zhao W, Wang L, Li H, Zhang J, Wang B, Jia Y, Zhang R, Yu Y, Liu J. Precise solid-phase synthesis of CoFe@FeO x nanoparticles for efficient polysulfide regulation in lithium/sodium-sulfur batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7487. [PMID: 37980426 PMCID: PMC10657440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex metal nanoparticles distributed uniformly on supports demonstrate distinctive physicochemical properties and thus attract a wide attention for applications. The commonly used wet chemistry methods display limitations to achieve the nanoparticle structure design and uniform dispersion simultaneously. Solid-phase synthesis serves as an interesting strategy which can achieve the fabrication of complex metal nanoparticles on supports. Herein, the solid-phase synthesis strategy is developed to precisely synthesize uniformly distributed CoFe@FeOx core@shell nanoparticles. Fe atoms are preferentially exsolved from CoFe alloy bulk to the surface and then be carburized into a FexC shell under thermal syngas atmosphere, subsequently the formed FexC shell is passivated by air, obtaining CoFe@FeOx with a CoFe alloy core and a FeOx shell. This strategy is universal for the synthesis of MFe@FeOx (M = Co, Ni, Mn). The CoFe@FeOx exhibits bifunctional effect on regulating polysulfides as the separator coating layer for Li-S and Na-S batteries. This method could be developed into solid-phase synthetic systems to construct well distributed complex metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Wantong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Science Center of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Baojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China
| | - Yi Jia
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Zhejiang Carbon Neutral Innovation Institute, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Riguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030024, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
- Science Center of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
- DICP-Surrey Joint Centre for Future Materials, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, and Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Chong Y, Gholizadeh R, Tsuru T, Zhang R, Inoue K, Gao W, Godfrey A, Mitsuhara M, Morris JW, Minor AM, Tsuji N. Grain refinement in titanium prevents low temperature oxygen embrittlement. Nat Commun 2023; 14:404. [PMID: 36725856 PMCID: PMC9892041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial oxygen embrittles titanium, particularly at cryogenic temperatures, which necessitates a stringent control of oxygen content in fabricating titanium and its alloys. Here, we propose a structural strategy, via grain refinement, to alleviate this problem. Compared to a coarse-grained counterpart that is extremely brittle at 77 K, the uniform elongation of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure (grain size ~ 2.0 µm) in Ti-0.3wt.%O is successfully increased by an order of magnitude, maintaining an ultrahigh yield strength inherent to the UFG microstructure. This unique strength-ductility synergy in UFG Ti-0.3wt.%O is achieved via the combined effects of diluted grain boundary segregation of oxygen that helps to improve the grain boundary cohesive energy and enhanced <c + a> dislocation activities that contribute to the excellent strain hardening ability. The present strategy will not only boost the potential applications of high strength Ti-O alloys at low temperatures, but can also be applied to other alloy systems, where interstitial solution hardening results into an undesirable loss of ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chong
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Reza Gholizadeh
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohito Tsuru
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.20256.330000 0001 0372 1485Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Koji Inoue
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Oarai, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Wenqiang Gao
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Andy Godfrey
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MoE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Masatoshi Mitsuhara
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - J. W. Morris
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Andrew M. Minor
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA ,grid.184769.50000 0001 2231 4551National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Nobuhiro Tsuji
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Futazuka T, Ishikawa R, Shibata N, Ikuhara Y. Grain boundary structural transformation induced by co-segregation of aliovalent dopants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5299. [PMID: 36109492 PMCID: PMC9477882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Impurity doping is a conventional but one of the most effective ways to control the functional properties of materials. In insulating materials, the dopant solubility limit is considerably low in general, and the dopants often segregate to grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystals, which significantly alter their entire properties. However, detailed mechanisms on how dopant atoms form structures at GBs and change their properties remain a matter of conjecture. Here, we show GB structural transformation in α-Al2O3 induced by co-segregation of Ca and Si aliovalent dopants using atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with density functional theory calculations. To accommodate large-sized Ca ions at the GB core, the pristine GB atomic structure is transformed into a new GB structure with larger free volumes. Moreover, the Si and Ca dopants form a chemically ordered structure, and the charge compensation is achieved within the narrow GB core region rather than forming broader space charge layers. Our findings give an insight into GB engineering by utilizing aliovalent co-segregation. The effect of aliovalent doping on grain boundary is not yet fully understood at the atomic level. Here, the authors report grain boundary structural transformation in α-Al2O3 is induced by co-segregation of multiple dopants using atomic-resolution electron microscopy and theoretical calculations.
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Chen X, Chen X, Wang Z, Chen K, Wang Y. The origins of segregation behaviors of solute atoms and their effect on the strength of α-Al//θ'-Al 2Cu interfaces in Al-Cu alloys. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18370-18392. [PMID: 35880712 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01291j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In many alloy systems, the segregation and strengthening of the solute atoms are caused by mechanical and chemical contributions. To uncover the origins of segregation behaviors and strengthening behaviors of the solute atoms Cd, Si, Sc and Zr at (001)α-Al//(001)θ' and (010)α-Al//(010)θ' interfaces, first-principles calculations were conducted. Results show that the chemical contribution primarily dominates the oscillatory segregation behaviors of Cd, Si, Sc and Zr on the Al matrix side. The oscillatory segregation behaviors of Cd, Si, Sc and Zr on the θ' side are mainly governed by both chemical and mechanical contributions. The segregation tendency of Cd at the (001)α-Al//(001)θ' interface (or (010)α-Al//(010)θ' interface) throughout the platelets is small (or strong) because the charge accumulation between Cd and the host atoms is weak (or significant). The segregation trend of Sc (or Zr) on the Al matrix side at the (001)α-Al//(001)θ' and (010)α-Al//(010)θ' interfaces is strong, which is attributed to significant charge accumulation between Sc (or Zr) and the host atoms. Si exhibits a favorable segregation tendency on the θ' side at both the (001)α-Al//(001)θ' and (010)α-Al//(010)θ' interfaces, which is ascribed to significant charge accumulation between Si and the host atoms. With the increase of Si, Sc and Zr coverage, the segregation tendencies of Si, Sc and Zr enhance. The segregation tendency of Cd decreases with the increase of Cd coverage. The first-principles tensile test for the interface was conducted. The work of dislocation emission was computed. Results show that the strengthening effects of solute atoms on the interface are primarily dominated by the chemical contribution. Sc (or Zr) segregation leads to an increase in the strength of the interface, which is majorly attributed to a strong electronic interaction between Sc (or Zr) and the host atoms. Cd segregation causes a weakening effect on the interface because of the weak electronic interaction between Cd and the host atoms. The ductility of the (001)α-Al//(001)θ' interface with the Sc (or Zr) is more significant than that with the Cd (or Si). This work provides a strategy for improving the mechanical properties of the Al-Cu alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zidong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kaixuan Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yanlin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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7
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Ab initio modelling of intergranular fracture of nickel containing phosphorus: Interfacial excess properties. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Zulueta YA, Mut R, Kaya S, Dawson JA, Nguyen MT. Strontium Stannate as an Alternative Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C 2021; 125:14947-14956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c02652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yohandys A. Zulueta
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba CP-90500, Cuba
| | - Rafael Mut
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba CP-90500, Cuba
| | - Savas Kaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Health Services Vocational School, Sivas 58140, Turkey
| | - James A. Dawson
- Chemistry—School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Centre for Energy, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Computational Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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9
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Effects of Zn and Mg Segregations on the Grain Boundary Sliding and Cohesion in Al: Ab Initio Modeling. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11040631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Zn and Mg segregations at a tilt Σ5{013} <100> grain boundary (GB) in Al and the effects of these solutes on deformation behavior of polycrystalline Al were investigated using ab initio total energy calculations. Using a step-by-step modeling of the segregation process, we found that the formation of a thick segregation layer of Zn at the GB is energetically preferable, while the formation of an atomically thin segregation layer is expected in the case of Mg. To reveal the effect of segregation on the cohesive properties of Al GBs, we calculated the energy of cleavage decohesion and the shear resistance for GB sliding. We show that the segregation of Zn results in a substantial decrease in barriers for GB sliding, while the segregation of Mg increases the barriers. The results obtained allow us to explain experimental findings and demonstrate a strong relationship between chemical bonding of solute atoms, their segregation ability, and GB strength.
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Wu X, Li X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu W, Xie Z, Liu R, Luo GN, Liu X, Liu CS. Recent Advances on Interface Design and Preparation of Advanced Tungsten Materials for Plasma Facing Materials. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-020-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hui J, Zhang X, Yang G, Liu T, Liu W. First-principles study of de-twinning in a FCC alloy. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Korolev VV, Mitrofanov AA, Nevolin YM, Krotov VV, Ul’yanov DK, Protsenko PV. Neural Network Based Modeling of Grain Boundary Complexions Localized in Simple Symmetric Tilt Boundaries Σ3 (111) and Σ5 (210). COLLOID JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x20050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Watanabe A, Takigawa Y. Reducing sulfur to improve thermal embrittlement in electrodeposited nickel using citric acid. RESULTS IN SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rsurfi.2020.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang S, Xiong J, Zeng Q, Xiong M, Chai X, Li D. Effect of Nb on He segregation behavior in NiΣ5 grain boundary: First-principles study. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Mazalová M, Všianská M, Pavlů J, Šob M. The Effect of Vacancies on Grain Boundary Segregation in Ferromagnetic fcc Ni. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040691. [PMID: 32268587 PMCID: PMC7221896 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive and detailed ab initio study of interactions between the tilt Σ5(210) grain boundary (GB), impurities X (X = Al, Si) and vacancies (Va) in ferromagnetic fcc nickel. To obtain reliable results, two methods of structure relaxation were employed: the automatic full relaxation and the finding of the minimum energy with respect to the lattice dimensions perpendicular to the GB plane and positions of atoms. Both methods provide comparable results. The analyses of the following phenomena are provided: the influence of the lattice defects on structural properties of material such as lattice parameters, the volume per atom, interlayer distances and atomic positions; the energies of formation of particular structures with respect to the standard element reference states; the stabilization/destabilization effects of impurities (in substitutional (s) as well as in tetragonal (iT) and octahedral (iO) interstitial positions) and of vacancies in both the bulk material and material with GBs; a possibility of recombination of Si(i)+Va defect to Si(s) one with respect to the Va position; the total energy of formation of GB and Va; the binding energies between the lattice defects and their combinations; impurity segregation energies and the effect of Va on them; magnetic characteristics in the presence of impurities, vacancies and GBs. As there is very little experimental information on the interaction between impurities, vacancies and GBs in fcc nickel, most of the present results are theoretical predictions, which may motivate future experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mazalová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (M.V.); (J.P.)
| | - Monika Všianská
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (M.V.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Žižkova 22, CZ-616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pavlů
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (M.V.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Žižkova 22, CZ-616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmír Šob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.M.); (M.V.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Žižkova 22, CZ-616 62 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +420-549-497-450
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Lübkemann F, Rusch P, Getschmann S, Schremmer B, Schäfer M, Schulz M, Hoppe B, Behrens P, Bigall NC, Dorfs D. Reversible cation exchange on macroscopic CdSe/CdS and CdS nanorod based gel networks. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5038-5047. [PMID: 32067005 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, cation exchange reactions applied to nanoparticles have opened up synthetic pathways to nanocrystals, which were not accessible by other means before. The limitation of cation exchange on the macroscopic scale of bulk materials is given by the limited ion diffusion within the crystal structure. Lyogels or aerogels are macroscopic, highly voluminous, porous materials composed of interconnected nanoscopic building blocks and hence represent a type of bridge between the macroscopic and the nanoscopic world. To demonstrate the feasibility of cation exchange on such macroscopic nanomaterials, the cation exchange on CdSe/CdS core/shell and CdS nanorod based lyogels to Cu2-xSe/Cu2-xS and Cu2-xS and the reversible exchange back to CdSe/CdS and CdS lyogels is presented. These copper-based lyogels can also be used as an intermediate state on the way to other metal chalcogenide-based macroscopic structures. By reversed cation exchange back to cadmium an additional proof is given, that the crystal structures remain unchanged. It is shown that cation exchange reactions can also be transferred to macroscopic objects like aerogels or lyogels. This procedure additionally allows the access of aerogels which cannot be synthesized via direct destabilization of the respective colloidal solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lübkemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Getschmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Schremmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Schäfer
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel Schulz
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Hoppe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Cluster of Excellency PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Cluster of Excellency PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Dorfs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Cluster of Excellency PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
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17
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Wu X, Wang YX, He KN, Li X, Liu W, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu C. Application of Machine Learning to Predict Grain Boundary Embrittlement in Metals by Combining Bonding-Breaking and Atomic Size Effects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E179. [PMID: 31906401 PMCID: PMC6981756 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The strengthening energy or embrittling potency of an alloying element is a fundamental energetics of the grain boundary (GB) embrittlement that control the mechanical properties of metallic materials. A data-driven machine learning approach has recently been used to develop prediction models to uncover the physical mechanisms and design novel materials with enhanced properties. In this work, to accurately predict and uncover the key features in determining the strengthening energies, three machine learning methods were used to model and predict strengthening energies of solutes in different metallic GBs. In addition, 142 strengthening energies from previous density functional theory calculations served as our dataset to train three machine learning models: support vector machine (SVM) with linear kernel, SVM with radial basis function (RBF) kernel, and artificial neural network (ANN). Considering both the bond-breaking effect and atomic size effect, the nonlinear kernel based SVR model was found to perform the best with a correlation of r2 ~ 0.889. The size effect feature shows a significant improvement to prediction performance with respect to using bond-breaking effect only. Moreover, the mean impact value analysis was conducted to quantitatively explore the relative significance of each input feature for improving the effective prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yu-xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kan-ni He
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yange Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yichun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Changsong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; (Y.-x.W.); (K.-n.H.); (X.L.); (W.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
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18
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Alloying Element Segregation and Grain Boundary Reconstruction, Atomistic Modeling. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met9121319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grain boundary (GB) segregation is an important phenomenon that affects many physical properties, as well as microstructure of polycrystals. The segregation of solute atoms on GBs and its effect on GB structure in Al were investigated using two approaches: First principles total energy calculations and the finite temperature large-scale atomistic modeling within hybrid MD/MC approach comprising molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations. We show that the character of chemical bonding is essential in the solute–GB interaction, and that formation of directed quasi-covalent bonds between Si and Zn solutes and neighboring Al atoms causes a significant reconstruction of the GB structure involving a GB shear-migration coupling. For the solutes that are acceptors of electrons in the Al matrix and have a bigger atomic size (such as Mg), the preferred position is determined by the presence of extra volume at the GB and/or reduced number of the nearest neighbors; in this case, the symmetric GB keeps its structure. By using MD/MC approach, we found that GBs undergo significant structural reconstruction during segregation, which can involve the formation of single- or double-layer segregations, GB splitting, and coupled shear-migration, depending on the details of interatomic interactions.
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19
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Bentria ET, Lefkaier IK, Benghia A, Bentria B, Kanoun MB, Goumri-Said S. Toward a better understanding of the enhancing/embrittling effects of impurities in Nickel grain boundaries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14024. [PMID: 31575898 PMCID: PMC6773772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fracture path follows grain boundaries (GB) in most metallic system under tensile test. In general, impurities, even in ppm concentration, that segregate to these boundaries can remarkably change materials mechanical properties. Predicting impurities segregation effects in Nickel super-alloys might not be seen as intuitive and perhaps more fundamental understanding is needed. We performed a density functional theory calculation to elucidate the effect of eight light elements (B, C, N, O, Al, Si, P and S) and twelve transition metal elements (Tc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W, Re) on Nickel ∑5(210) grain boundary formation and its Ni free surface. The effect of impurities was carefully examined by calculating different properties such as segregation, binding and cohesive energies, strengthening/embrittling potency and the theoretical tensile strength. Additionally, we employed the electron density differences and magnetic effects to explain why and how impurities such as B, S, V, Nb, Mn and W affect Nickel ∑5 GB. We used the generated data calculated on equal footing, to develop a fundamental understanding on impurity effect. A clear and strong correlation is found between difference in magnetic moment change between isolated and imbedded impurity atom on one hand and the tensile strength on the other hand. The higher the loss of the magnetic moment, the more the impurity consolidates the GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Tayeb Bentria
- Laboratoire Physique des matériaux, Université Ammar Telidji de Laghouat; BP 37 G, Laghouat, 03000, Algeria
| | - Ibn Khaldoun Lefkaier
- Laboratoire Physique des matériaux, Université Ammar Telidji de Laghouat; BP 37 G, Laghouat, 03000, Algeria
| | - Ali Benghia
- Laboratoire Physique des matériaux, Université Ammar Telidji de Laghouat; BP 37 G, Laghouat, 03000, Algeria
| | - Bachir Bentria
- Laboratoire Physique des matériaux, Université Ammar Telidji de Laghouat; BP 37 G, Laghouat, 03000, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Benali Kanoun
- Physics Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souraya Goumri-Said
- College of Science, Physics department, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Behtash M, Wong J, Jiang S, Luo J, Yang K. First-principles study of impurity segregation in zirconia, hafnia, and yttria-stabilized-zirconia grain boundaries. Ann Ital Chir 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Xiao Z, Hu J, Liu Y, Dong F, Huang Y. Co-segregation behavior of Sc and Zr solutes and their effect on the Al Σ5 (210) [110] symmetrical tilt grain boundary: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19437-19446. [PMID: 31460522 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03002f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The research into the co-segregation behavior of Sc and Zr solutes and their effect on the mechanical properties of the Al Σ5 (210) [110] grain boundary was carried out by first principles calculations. It is concluded that Sc and Zr both have a powerful driving force to segregate to the grain boundary, and based on the most negative segregation energy, first one Sc atom segregates to the grain boundary, then one Zr atom and finally another Sc atom. The grain boundary energy, strengthening/embrittling energy, fracture energy and theoretical tensile peak stress all demonstrate that Sc and Zr solutes have a strengthening effect on the grain boundary, which can be attributed to the combination of the "chemical effect" (charge density variation) and the "structural effect" (atomic arrangement change), especially the migration of the first Sc-segregated site toward the grain boundary, which not only brings stronger Sc/Zr-Al bonds instead of weak Al-Al bonds but also leads to the shrinkage and charge accumulation of the great vacuum area between two grains. This work sheds light on the underlying mechanism of the better mechanical performance due to the co-addition of Sc and Zr solutes at the atomic and electronic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbing Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. and Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China. and Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yuanchun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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22
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Lübkemann F, Miethe JF, Steinbach F, Rusch P, Schlosser A, Zámbó D, Heinemeyer T, Natke D, Zok D, Dorfs D, Bigall NC. Patterning of Nanoparticle-Based Aerogels and Xerogels by Inkjet Printing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902186. [PMID: 31392835 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based voluminous 3D networks with low densities are a unique class of materials and are commonly known as aerogels. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, aerogels and xerogels might be suitable materials for applications in different fields, e.g. photocatalysis, catalysis, or sensing. One major difficulty in the handling of nanoparticle-based aerogels and xerogels is the defined patterning of these structures on different substrates and surfaces. The automated manufacturing of nanoparticle-based aerogel- or xerogel-coated electrodes can easily be realized via inkjet printing. The main focus of this work is the implementation of the standard nanoparticle-based gelation process in a commercial inkjet printing system. By simultaneously printing semiconductor nanoparticles and a destabilization agent, a 3D network on a conducting and transparent surface is obtained. First spectro-electrochemical measurements are recorded to investigate the charge-carrier mobility within these 3D semiconductor-based xerogel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lübkemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Frederick Miethe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Steinbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Schlosser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dániel Zámbó
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thea Heinemeyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dominik Natke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorian Zok
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Dorfs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Role of disordered bipolar complexions on the sulfur embrittlement of nickel general grain boundaries. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2764. [PMID: 30018369 PMCID: PMC6050256 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Minor impurities can cause catastrophic fracture of normally ductile metals. Here, a classic example is represented by the sulfur embrittlement of nickel, whose atomic-level mechanism has puzzled researchers for nearly a century. In this study, coupled aberration-corrected electron microscopy and semi-grand-canonical-ensemble atomistic simulation reveal, unexpectedly, the universal formation of amorphous-like and bilayer-like facets at the same general grain boundaries. Challenging the traditional view, the orientation of the lower-Miller-index grain surface, instead of the misorientation, dictates the interfacial structure. We also find partial bipolar structural orders in both amorphous-like and bilayer-like complexions (a.k.a. thermodynamically two-dimensional interfacial phases), which cause brittle intergranular fracture. Such bipolar, yet largely disordered, complexions can exist in and affect the properties of various other materials. Beyond the embrittlement mechanism, this study provides deeper insight to better understand abnormal grain growth in sulfur-doped Ni, and generally enriches our fundamental understanding of performance-limiting and more disordered interfaces. Sulfur at nickel grain boundaries can cause catastrophic failure, but the mechanisms behind that embrittlement remain poorly understood. Here, the authors image and model bipolar sulfur–nickel structures at amorphous-like and bilayer-like facets of general grain boundaries that cause embrittlement.
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24
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Yu Z, Cantwell PR, Gao Q, Yin D, Zhang Y, Zhou N, Rohrer GS, Widom M, Luo J, Harmer MP. Segregation-induced ordered superstructures at general grain boundaries in a nickel-bismuth alloy. Science 2017; 358:97-101. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The properties of materials change, sometimes catastrophically, as alloying elements and impurities accumulate preferentially at grain boundaries. Studies of bicrystals show that regular atomic patterns often arise as a result of this solute segregation at high-symmetry boundaries, but it is not known whether superstructures exist at general grain boundaries in polycrystals. In bismuth-doped polycrystalline nickel, we found that ordered, segregation-induced grain boundary superstructures occur at randomly selected general grain boundaries, and that these reconstructions are driven by the orientation of the terminating grain surfaces rather than by lattice matching between grains. This discovery shows that adsorbate-induced superstructures are not limited to special grain boundaries but may exist at a variety of general grain boundaries, and hence they can affect the performance of polycrystalline engineering alloys.
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25
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Wang CY, Han H, Wickramaratne D, Zhang W, Wang H, Ye XX, Guo Y, Shao K, Huai P. Diffusion of tellurium at nickel grain boundaries: a first-principles study. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28435c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The atomic structures, stabilities, segregation behaviors and diffusion barriers of Te are studied for the bulk, surfaces and four kinds of GBs of nickel. Te behavior is found to be very sensitive to the GB type. The effect of strain on diffusion is strong for different GBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Y. Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - H. Han
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | | | - W. Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - H. Wang
- School of Physics and Engineering
- Henan University of Science and Technology
- Luoyang 471003
- P. R. China
| | - X. X. Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - Y. L. Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - K. Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - P. Huai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
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26
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Teng F, Lan GQ, Jiang Y, Song M, Liu SJ, Wu CP, Yi DQ. Alloying effects of Ag on grain boundaries and alumina interfaces in copper: a first principles prediction. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08613j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of oxide dispersion-strengthened copper are largely dictated by its internal interfaces, i.e. the oxide interfaces and the grain boundaries (GBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Teng
- Light Alloys Research Institute
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
- Key Lab of Nonferrous Materials of Ministry of Education
| | - G. Q. Lan
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering
- McGill University
- Montréal
- Canada
| | - Y. Jiang
- Key Lab of Nonferrous Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - M. Song
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University
- Shenzhen
- China
- National Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
| | - S. J. Liu
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Central South University
- Shenzhen
- China
- National Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy
- Central South University
| | - C. P. Wu
- Key Lab of Nonferrous Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
| | - D. Q. Yi
- Light Alloys Research Institute
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- China
- Key Lab of Nonferrous Materials of Ministry of Education
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27
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Nagayama T, Yamamoto T, Nakamura T. Thermal expansions and mechanical properties of electrodeposited Fe–Ni alloys in the Invar composition range. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Liu Y, Zhu X, Li M, O'Hayre RP, Yang W. Nanoparticles at Grain Boundaries Inhibit the Phase Transformation of Perovskite Membrane. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:7678-7683. [PMID: 26502159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The high-energy nature of grain boundaries makes them a common source of undesirable phase transformations in polycrystalline materials. In both metals and ceramics, such grain-boundary-induced phase transformation can be a frequent cause of performance degradation. Here, we identify a new stabilization mechanism that involves inhibiting phase transformations of perovskite materials by deliberately introducing nanoparticles at the grain boundaries. The nanoparticles act as "roadblocks" that limit the diffusion of metal ions along the grain boundaries and inhibit heterogeneous nucleation and new phase formation. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ, a high-performance oxygen permeation and fuel cell cathode material whose commercial application has so far been impeded by phase instability, is used as an example to illustrate the inhibition action of nanoparticles toward the phase transformation. We obtain stable oxygen permeation flux at 600 °C with an unprecedented 10-1000 times increase in performance compared to previous investigations. This grain boundary stabilization method could potentially be extended to other systems that suffer from performance degradation due to a grain-boundary-initiated heterogeneous nucleation phase transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingrun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ryan P O'Hayre
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Weishen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
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29
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Niu LL, Zhang Y, Shu X, Jin S, Zhou HB, Gao F, Lu GH. Interplay between intrinsic point defects and low-angle grain boundary in bcc tungsten: effects of local stress field. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:255007. [PMID: 26045469 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/25/255007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have used molecular statics in conjunction with an embedded atom method to explore the interplay between native point defects (vacancies and self-interstitials (SIAs)) and a low-angle grain boundary (GB) in bcc tungsten. The low-angle GB has biased absorption of SIAs over vacancies. We emphasize the significance of phenomena such as vacancy delocalization and SIA instant absorption around the GB dislocation cores in stabilizing the defect structures. Interstitial loading into the GB can dramatically enhance the interaction strength between the point defects and the GB due to SIA clustering (SIA cloud formation) or SIA vacancy recombination. We propose that the 'maximum atom displacement' can complement the 'vacancy formation energy' in evaluating unstable vacancy sites. Calculations of point defect migration barriers in the vicinity of GB dislocation cores show that vacancies and SIAs preferentially migrate along the pathways in the planes immediately above and below the core, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Niu
- Department of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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30
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Yokoi T, Yoshiya M, Yasuda H. Nonrandom point defect configurations and driving force transitions for grain boundary segregation in trivalent cation doped ZrO₂. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14179-14188. [PMID: 25378196 DOI: 10.1021/la503338x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The energetically favorable spatial configuration of M(3+) ions and oxide-ion vacancies near a symmetrical grain boundary (GB) in cubic zirconia is determined for various trivalent species M(3+) (M = Al, Sc, Y, Gd, La), and the driving force for grain boundary segregation (GBS) quantitatively examined using atomistic Monte Carlo simulations in conjunction with static lattice calculations. For a high concentration of ∼10 mol %, it is found that point defects near a GB plane preferentially occupy specific sites to minimize total lattice energy, rather than being randomly distributed. Systematic analysis shows that energetically stable configurations of segregants vary depending on their ionic radii. Analysis of the driving force for GBS as a function of dopant concentration reveals that three important factors govern GBS. First, occupation of specific sites by point defects is necessary to minimize the total lattice energy; enrichment of point defects near the GB plane with random configuration does not decrease the total lattice energy significantly because of strong Coulombic interactions. Second, the factors governing GBS change with increasing dopant concentration. At dilute concentrations, relief of bond strain is the dominant factor, while at high concentrations Coulombic interactions, which depend strongly on the specific arrangement of defects, become another dominant factor. Third, the stabilization of matrix cations, Zr(4+) ions, is the dominant factor to lower the driving force for GBS at all concentrations. In contrast, the stabilization of M(3+) ions does not necessarily contribute to GBS of point defects at high concentrations. These findings suggest practical ways to control GBS to enhance materials' properties or minimize detrimental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokoi
- Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Osaka University , 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Kang J, Glatzmaier GC, Wei SH. Origin of the bismuth-induced decohesion of nickel and copper grain boundaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:055502. [PMID: 23952417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.055502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ductile metals such as Ni and Cu can become brittle when certain impurities (e.g., Bi) diffuse and segregate into their grain boundaries (GBs). Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the microscopic origin of the Bi-induced loss of cohesion of Ni and Cu GBs. We find that the Bi bilayer interfacial phase is the most stable impurity phase under the Bi-rich condition, while the Bi monolayer phase is a metastable phase regardless of the value of the Bi chemical potential. Our finding is consistent with the recent experimental observation for Ni GBs [Luo et al. Science 333, 1730 (2011)]. The electric polarization effect of the Bi bilayer substantially enhances the strength of the Bi-metal interfacial bonds, stabilizing the bilayer phase over other phases. The Bi-Bi interlayer bonding is significantly weakened in the GBs, leading to a factor of 20 to 50 decrease in the GB cohesion, which has strong implications for the understanding of Bi-induced intergranular fracture of Ni and Cu polycrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongoo Kang
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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Ko WS, Kim NJ, Lee BJ. Atomistic modeling of an impurity element and a metal-impurity system: pure P and Fe-P system. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:225002. [PMID: 22517273 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/22/225002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An interatomic potential for pure phosphorus, an element that has van der Waals, covalent and metallic bonding character, simultaneously, has been developed for the purpose of application to metal-phosphorus systems. As a simplification, the van der Waals interaction, which is less important in metal-phosphorus systems, was omitted in the parameterization process and potential formulation. On the basis of the second-nearest-neighbor modified embedded-atom method (2NN MEAM) interatomic potential formalism applicable to both covalent and metallic materials, a potential that can describe various fundamental physical properties of a wide range of allotropic or transformed crystalline structures of pure phosphorus could be developed. The potential was then extended to the Fe-P binary system describing various physical properties of intermetallic compounds, bcc and liquid alloys, and also the segregation tendency of phosphorus on grain boundaries of bcc iron, in good agreement with experimental information. The suitability of the present potential and the parameterization process for atomic scale investigations about the effects of various non-metallic impurity elements on metal properties is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Ko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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Tanaka Y. Reduced stress concentration and enhanced fracture toughness by yielding-rehardening combination. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2012; 35:1-8. [PMID: 22438042 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2012-12023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A range of tough materials (e.g., metals and polymer solids) exhibit a characteristic mechanical behavior, that is, a combination of yielding and subsequent rehardening. We numerically investigate how the combination of these mechanical behaviors enhances resistance to crack propagation.Our system has a 2-dimensional square lattice structure where pairs of adjacent lattice points are connected by "special" bonds. An isolated bond behaves as a linear spring for small deformations, but yields at a threshold force to produce a plateau in its force-deformation curve, and then shows rehardening on further loading up to a critical force of bond-breaking; on unloading from above the yielding point, the force rapidly decreases with deformation (hysteresis). We simulate crack propagation in the entire system (the square lattice structure) from an initial crack driven by boundary loading. The threshold force for bond-yielding is varied as a simulation parameter, while the critical force for bond-breaking in the rehardening regime is fixed to 1. In other words, the substantial simulation parameter is the ratio between the yielding and breaking forces. We find that the fracture behavior drastically changes depending on the ratio: when the ratio is low, the bond-breaking energy (of a single bond) is low, but more work is required to fracture the entire system via the crack propagation. The opposite tendency between the bond-breaking energy and the fracture work is due to formation of a well-developed yielding zone around the crack tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Tanaka
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Science, Yokohama National University, Japan.
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Lan G, Jiang Y, Yi D, Liu S. Theoretical prediction of impurity effects on the internally oxidized metal/oxide interface: the case study of S on Cu/Al2O3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:11178-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The GB embrittlement mechanism of Fe enhanced by P segregation has been investigated by first-principles tensile tests because a P atom is a famous GB embrittler in Fe. The first-principles tensile tests have been performed on Fe with two P-segregated GBs, where P atoms are located at the different sites, and with a nonsegregated GB. The tensile strength and the strain to failure in the P-segregated GBs were lower than those in the nonsegegated GB. The first bond breaking occurred at the Fe-P bond owing to the covalent-like characteristics, although the charge densities were high at the Fe-P bonds even just before the bond breaking. This premature bond breaking of Fe-P was independent of the location of the P atom.
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Luo J, Cheng H, Asl KM, Kiely CJ, Harmer MP. The Role of a Bilayer Interfacial Phase on Liquid Metal Embrittlement. Science 2011; 333:1730-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1208774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yuasa M, Mabuchi M. Effects of segregated Cu on an Fe grain boundary by first-principles tensile tests. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:505705. [PMID: 21406808 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/50/505705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cu is known as one of the harmful tramp elements in recycled Fe. In the present work, the effects of Cu on Fe grain boundary (GB) embrittlement have been investigated by first-principles tensile tests. Because the Fe-Cu bonds are rather isotropic and the effects due to their difference in atomic size are negligibly small, the GB atomic structure prior to straining is little changed by Cu segregation. However, the Fe-Fe bond around the Cu atom is weakened due to charge transfer from the Fe atom to the Cu atom, and premature bond breaking occurs at the weakened Fe-Fe bond, resulting in an enhancement of GB embrittlement by Cu segregation. The s and p electrons play a vital role in the charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Yuasa
- Department of Energy Science and Technology, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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Chen HP, Kalia RK, Kaxiras E, Lu G, Nakano A, Nomura KI, van Duin ACT, Vashishta P, Yuan Z. Embrittlement of metal by solute segregation-induced amorphization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 104:155502. [PMID: 20481998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.155502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Impurities segregated to grain boundaries of a material essentially alter its fracture behavior. A prime example is sulfur segregation-induced embrittlement of nickel, where an observed relation between sulfur-induced amorphization of grain boundaries and embrittlement remains unexplained. Here, 48x10(6)-atom reactive-force-field molecular dynamics simulations provide the missing link. Namely, an order-of-magnitude reduction of grain-boundary shear strength due to amorphization, combined with tensile-strength reduction, allows the crack tip to always find an easy propagation path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Pin Chen
- Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0242, USA
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Hu XL, Zhang Y, Lu GH, Wang T. Bonding characteristics in NiAl intermetallics with O impurity: a first-principles computational tensile test. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:025402. [PMID: 21813975 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/2/025402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have performed a first-principles computational tensile test on NiAl intermetallics with O impurity along the [001] crystalline direction on the (110) plane to investigate the tensile strength and the bonding characteristics of the NiAl-O system. We show that the ideal tensile strength is largely reduced due to the presence of O impurity in comparison with pure NiAl. The investigations of the atomic configuration and bond-length evolution show that O prefers to bond with Al, forming an O-Al cluster finally with the break of O-Ni bonds. The O-Ni bonds are demonstrated to be weaker than the O-Al bonds, and the reduced tensile strength originates from such weaker O-Ni bonds. A void-like structure forms after the break of the O-Ni and some Ni-Al bonds. Such a void-like structure can act as the initial nucleation or the propagation path of the crack, and thus produce large effects on the mechanical properties of NiAl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lan Hu
- Department of Physics, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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Hafner J. Ab-initiosimulations of materials using VASP: Density-functional theory and beyond. J Comput Chem 2008; 29:2044-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1810] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Yamaguchi M, Shiga M, Kaburaki H. Response to Comment on "Grain Boundary Decohesion by Impurity Segregation in a Nickel-Sulfur System". Science 2005. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Yamaguchi
- Center for Promotion of Computational Science and Engineering Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Shiga
- Center for Promotion of Computational Science and Engineering Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hideo Kaburaki
- Center for Promotion of Computational Science and Engineering Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute Tokai-mura, Ibaraki-ken, 319-1195, Japan
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Geng WT, Wang JS, Olson GB. Comment on "Grain Boundary Decohesion by Impurity Segregation in a Nickel-Sulfur System". Science 2005; 309:1677; author reply 1677. [PMID: 16150996 DOI: 10.1126/science.1112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W T Geng
- Department of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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