1
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Venugopal S, Dan Q, Sri Theivakadadcham VS, Wu B, Kofler M, Layne MD, Connelly KA, Rzepka MF, Friedberg MK, Kapus A, Szászi K. Regulation of the RhoA exchange factor GEF-H1 by profibrotic stimuli through a positive feedback loop involving RhoA, MRTF, and Sp1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 327:C387-C402. [PMID: 38912734 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
RhoA and its effectors, the transcriptional coactivators myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF) and serum response factor (SRF), control epithelial phenotype and are indispensable for profibrotic epithelial reprogramming during fibrogenesis. Context-dependent control of RhoA and fibrosis-associated changes in its regulators, however, remain incompletely characterized. We previously identified the guanine nucleotide exchange factor GEF-H1 as a central mediator of RhoA activation in renal tubular cells exposed to inflammatory or fibrotic stimuli. Here we found that GEF-H1 expression and phosphorylation were strongly elevated in two animal models of fibrosis. In the Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction mouse kidney fibrosis model, GEF-H1 was upregulated predominantly in the tubular compartment. GEF-H1 was also elevated and phosphorylated in a rat pulmonary artery banding (PAB) model of right ventricular fibrosis. Prolonged stimulation of LLC-PK1 tubular cells with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 increased GEF-H1 expression and activated a luciferase-coupled GEF-H1 promoter. Knockdown and overexpression studies revealed that these effects were mediated by RhoA, cytoskeleton remodeling, and MRTF, indicative of a positive feedback cycle. Indeed, silencing endogenous GEF-H1 attenuated activation of the GEF-H1 promoter. Of importance, inhibition of MRTF using CCG-1423 prevented GEF-H1 upregulation in both animal models. MRTF-dependent increase in GEF-H1 was prevented by inhibition of the transcription factor Sp1, and mutating putative Sp1 binding sites in the GEF-H1 promoter eliminated its MRTF-dependent activation. As the GEF-H1/RhoA axis is key for fibrogenesis, this novel MRTF/Sp1-dependent regulation of GEF-H1 abundance represents a potential target for reducing renal and cardiac fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that expression of the RhoA regulator GEF-H1 is upregulated in tubular cells exposed to fibrogenic cytokines and in animal models of kidney and heart fibrosis. We identify a pathway wherein GEF-H1/RhoA-dependent MRTF activation through its noncanonical partner Sp1 upregulates GEF-H1. Our data reveal the existence of a positive feedback cycle that enhances Rho signaling through control of both GEF-H1 activation and expression. This feedback loop may play an important role in organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Venugopal
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qinghong Dan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veroni S Sri Theivakadadcham
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Wu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kofler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew D Layne
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kim A Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark F Rzepka
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark K Friedberg
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Center Toronto, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - András Kapus
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katalin Szászi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Shan KZ, Le T, Liang P, Dong P, Lowry AJ, Kremmyda P, Claesson-Welsh L, Yang H. TMEM16F scramblase regulates angiogenesis via endothelial intracellular signaling. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261566. [PMID: 38940198 PMCID: PMC11273297 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
TMEM16F (also known as ANO6), a Ca2+-activated lipid scramblase (CaPLSase) that dynamically disrupts lipid asymmetry, plays a crucial role in various physiological and pathological processes, such as blood coagulation, neurodegeneration, cell-cell fusion and viral infection. However, the mechanisms through which it regulates these processes remain largely elusive. Using endothelial cell-mediated angiogenesis as a model, here we report a previously unknown intracellular signaling function of TMEM16F. We demonstrate that TMEM16F deficiency impairs developmental retinal angiogenesis in mice and disrupts angiogenic processes in vitro. Biochemical analyses indicate that the absence of TMEM16F enhances the plasma membrane association of activated Src kinase. This in turn increases VE-cadherin phosphorylation and downregulation, accompanied by suppressed angiogenesis. Our findings not only highlight the role of intracellular signaling by TMEM16F in endothelial cells but also open new avenues for exploring the regulatory mechanisms for membrane lipid asymmetry and their implications in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zoe Shan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Trieu Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Augustus J. Lowry
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Polina Kremmyda
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Lena Claesson-Welsh
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck, Beijer and SciLifeLab Laboratory, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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3
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Prever L, Squillero G, Hirsch E, Gulluni F. Linking phosphoinositide function to mitosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114273. [PMID: 38843397 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PtdIns) are a family of differentially phosphorylated lipid second messengers localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of both plasma and intracellular membranes. Kinases and phosphatases can selectively modify the PtdIns composition of different cellular compartments, leading to the recruitment of specific binding proteins, which control cellular homeostasis and proliferation. Thus, while PtdIns affect cell growth and survival during interphase, they are also emerging as key drivers in multiple temporally defined membrane remodeling events of mitosis, like cell rounding, spindle orientation, cytokinesis, and abscission. In this review, we summarize and discuss what is known about PtdIns function during mitosis and how alterations in the production and removal of PtdIns can interfere with proper cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Prever
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Squillero
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Federico Gulluni
- University of Turin, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center "Guido Tarone", Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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4
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Shinoda S, Sakai Y, Matsui T, Uematsu M, Koyama-Honda I, Sakamaki JI, Yamamoto H, Mizushima N. Syntaxin 17 recruitment to mature autophagosomes is temporally regulated by PI4P accumulation. eLife 2024; 12:RP92189. [PMID: 38831696 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During macroautophagy, cytoplasmic constituents are engulfed by autophagosomes. Lysosomes fuse with closed autophagosomes but not with unclosed intermediate structures. This is achieved in part by the late recruitment of the autophagosomal SNARE syntaxin 17 (STX17) to mature autophagosomes. However, how STX17 recognizes autophagosome maturation is not known. Here, we show that this temporally regulated recruitment of STX17 depends on the positively charged C-terminal region of STX17. Consistent with this finding, mature autophagosomes are more negatively charged compared with unclosed intermediate structures. This electrostatic maturation of autophagosomes is likely driven by the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) in the autophagosomal membrane. Accordingly, dephosphorylation of autophagosomal PI4P prevents the association of STX17 to autophagosomes. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations support PI4P-dependent membrane insertion of the transmembrane helices of STX17. Based on these findings, we propose a model in which STX17 recruitment to mature autophagosomes is temporally regulated by a PI4P-driven change in the surface charge of autophagosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Shinoda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduated School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduated School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahide Matsui
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uematsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduated School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Koyama-Honda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduated School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sakamaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduated School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayashi Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduated School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduated School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Muth LT, Van Bogaert INA. Let it stick: Strategies and applications for intracellular plasma membrane targeting of proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 2024; 41:315-329. [PMID: 38444057 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid binding domains and protein lipidations are essential features to recruit proteins to intracellular membranes, enabling them to function at specific sites within the cell. Membrane association can also be exploited to answer fundamental and applied research questions, from obtaining insights into the understanding of lipid metabolism to employing them for metabolic engineering to redirect fluxes. This review presents a broad catalog of membrane binding strategies focusing on the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both lipid binding domains (pleckstrin homology, discoidin-type C2, kinase associated-1, basic-rich and bacterial phosphoinositide-binding domains) and co- and post-translational lipidations (prenylation, myristoylation and palmitoylation) are introduced as tools to target the plasma membrane. To provide a toolset of membrane targeting modules, respective candidates that facilitate plasma membrane targeting are showcased including their in vitro and in vivo properties. The relevance and versatility of plasma membrane targeting modules are further highlighted by presenting a selected set of use cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Teresa Muth
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Synthetic Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Mirisola MG, Longo VD. Inactivation of Ymr1, Sjl2/3 phosphatases promotes stress resistance and longevity in wild type and Ras2G19V yeast. Biomed J 2024; 47:100694. [PMID: 38154617 PMCID: PMC10950826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RAt Sarcoma (Ras) activity plays a central role in mediating the effect of glucose in decreasing stress resistance and longevity, with constitutive Ras activation mutations promoting cell growth and oncogenesis. Here, we used transposon mutagenesis in yeast to identify suppressors of the constitutively active Ras2G19V, orthologue of the KRASG12C mammalian oncogene. We identified mutations in Yeast Myotubularin Related (YMR1), SynaptoJanin-Like (SJL2) and SJL3 phosphatases, which target phosphatidylinositol phosphates, as the most potent suppressors of constitutive active Ras, able to reverse its effect on stress sensitization and sufficient to extend longevity. In sjl2 mutants, the staining of Ras-GTP switched from membrane-associated to a diffuse cytoplasmic staining, suggesting that it may block Ras activity by preventing its localization. Whereas expression of the Sjl2 PI 3,4,5 phosphatase mediated stress sensitization in both the Ras2G19V and wild type backgrounds, overexpression of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase VPS34 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting), promoted heat shock sensitization only in the Ras2G19V background, suggesting a complex relationship between different phosphatidylinositol and stress resistance. These results provide potential targets to inhibit the growth of cancer cells with constitutive Ras activity and link the glucose-dependent yeast pro-aging Ras signaling pathway to the well-established pro-aging PhosphoInositide 3-Kinase(PI3K) pathway in worms and other species raising the possibility that the conserved longevity effect of mutations in the PI3K-AKT (AK strain Transforming) pathway may involve inhibition of Ras signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Mirisola
- SteBiCeF Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - V D Longo
- IFOM, AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy; Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Alavizargar A, Gass M, Krahn MP, Heuer A. Elucidating the Membrane Binding Process of a Disordered Protein: Dynamic Interplay of Anionic Lipids and the Polybasic Region. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:167-179. [PMID: 38560754 PMCID: PMC10979486 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions of proteins are responsible for many biological processes such as in the case of liver kinase B1 (LKB1)-a serine/threonine kinase relevant for cell proliferation and cell polarity. LKB1 becomes fully activated upon recruitment to the plasma membrane by binding of its disordered C-terminal polybasic motif consisting of eight lysines/arginines to phospholipids. Here, we present extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the polybasic motif interacting with a model membrane composed of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleyl phosphatidic acid (PA) and cell culture experiments. Protein-membrane binding effects are due to the electrostatic interactions between the polybasic amino acids and PAs. For significant binding, the first three lysines turn out to be dispensable, which was also recapitulated in cell culture using transfected GFP-LKB1 variants. LKB1-membrane binding results in nonmonotonous changes in the structure of the protein as well as the membrane, in particular, accumulation of PAs and reduced thickness at the protein-membrane contact area. The protein-lipid binding turns out to be highly dynamic due to an interplay of PA-PA repulsion and protein-PA attraction. The thermodynamics of this interplay is captured by a statistical fluctuation model, which allows the estimation of both energies. Quantification of the significance of each polar amino acid in the polybasic provides detailed insights into the molecular mechanism of protein-membrane binding of LKB1. These results can likely be transferred to other proteins, which interact by intrinsically disordered polybasic regions with anionic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Alavizargar
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Gass
- Medical
Cell Biology, Medical Clinic D, University
Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1-A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael P. Krahn
- Medical
Cell Biology, Medical Clinic D, University
Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer Campus 1-A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Liu C, Jiao B, Wang P, Zhang B, Gao J, Li D, Xie X, Yao Y, Yan L, Qin Z, Liu P, Ren R. GOLGA7 is essential for NRAS trafficking from the Golgi to the plasma membrane but not for its palmitoylation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:98. [PMID: 38317235 PMCID: PMC10845536 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
NRAS mutations are most frequently observed in hematological malignancies and are also common in some solid tumors such as melanoma and colon cancer. Despite its pivotal role in oncogenesis, no effective therapies targeting NRAS has been developed. Targeting NRAS localization to the plasma membrane (PM) is a promising strategy for cancer therapy, as its signaling requires PM localization. However, the process governing NRAS translocation from the Golgi apparatus to the PM after lipid modification remains elusive. This study identifies GOLGA7 as a crucial factor controlling NRAS' PM translocation, demonstrating that its depletion blocks NRAS, but not HRAS, KRAS4A and KRAS4B, translocating to PM. GOLGA7 is known to stabilize the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC9 for NRAS and HRAS palmitoylation, but we found that GOLGA7 depletion does not affect NRAS' palmitoylation level. Further studies show that loss of GOLGA7 disrupts NRAS anterograde trafficking, leading to its cis-Golgi accumulation. Remarkably, depleting GOLGA7 effectively inhibits cell proliferation in multiple NRAS-mutant cancer cell lines and attenuates NRASG12D-induced oncogenic transformation in vivo. These findings elucidate a specific intracellular trafficking route for NRAS under GOLGA7 regulation, highlighting GOLGA7 as a promising therapeutic target for NRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peihong Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoyuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghe Li
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunying Yao
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Qin
- Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ruibao Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan Province, China.
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9
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Ninomiya K, Ohta K, Kawasaki U, Chiba S, Inoue T, Kuranaga E, Ohashi K, Mizuno K. Calcium influx promotes PLEKHG4B localization to cell-cell junctions and regulates the integrity of junctional actin filaments. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar24. [PMID: 38088892 PMCID: PMC10881155 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-05-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
PLEKHG4B is a Cdc42-targeting guanine-nucleotide exchange factor implicated in forming epithelial cell-cell junctions. Here we explored the mechanism regulating PLEKHG4B localization. PLEKHG4B localized to the basal membrane in normal Ca2+ medium but accumulated at cell-cell junctions upon ionomycin treatment. Ionomycin-induced junctional localization of PLEKHG4B was suppressed upon disrupting its annexin-A2 (ANXA2)-binding ability. Thus, Ca2+ influx and ANXA2 binding are crucial for PLEKHG4B localization to cell-cell junctions. Treatments with low Ca2+ or BAPTA-AM (an intracellular Ca2+ chelator) suppressed PLEKHG4B localization to the basal membrane. Mutations of the phosphoinositide-binding motif in the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of PLEKHG4B or masking of membrane phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] suppressed PLEKHG4B localization to the basal membrane, indicating that basal membrane localization of PLEKHG4B requires suitable intracellular Ca2+ levels and PI(4,5)P2 binding of the PH domain. Activation of mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) promoted PLEKHG4B localization to cell-cell junctions, and their inhibition suppressed it. Moreover, similar to the PLEKHG4B knockdown phenotypes, inhibition of MSCs or treatment with BAPTA-AM disturbed the integrity of actin filaments at cell-cell junctions. Taken together, our results suggest that Ca2+ influx plays crucial roles in PLEKHG4B localization to cell-cell junctions and the integrity of junctional actin organization, with MSCs contributing to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komaki Ninomiya
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kai Ohta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ukyo Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606‑8304, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohashi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kensaku Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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10
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Junqueira Alves C, Hannah T, Sadia S, Kolsteeg C, Dixon A, Wiener RJ, Nguyen H, Tipping MJ, Ladeira JS, Franklin PFDC, Dutra de Nigro NDP, Dias RA, Zabala Capriles PV, Rodrigues Furtado de Mendonça JP, Slesinger P, Costa K, Zou H, Friedel RH. Invasion of glioma cells through confined space requires membrane tension regulation and mechano-electrical coupling via Plexin-B2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573660. [PMID: 38313256 PMCID: PMC10836082 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumor with uncontrolled invasive growth. Here, we demonstrate how GBM cells usurp guidance receptor Plexin-B2 to gain biomechanical plasticity for polarized migration through confined space. Using live-cell imaging to track GBM cells negotiating microchannels, we reveal active endocytosis at cell front and filamentous actin assembly at rear to propel GBM cells through constrictions. These two processes are interconnected and governed by Plexin-B2 that orchestrates cortical actin and membrane tension, shown by biomechanical assays. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that balanced membrane and actin tension are required for optimal migratory velocity and consistency. Furthermore, Plexin-B2 mechanosensitive function requires a bendable extracellular ring structure and affects membrane internalization, permeability, phospholipid composition, as well as inner membrane surface charge. Together, our studies unveil a key element of membrane tension and mechanoelectrical coupling via Plexin-B2 that enables GBM cells to adapt to physical constraints and achieve polarized confined migration.
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11
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Banerjee T, Matsuoka S, Biswas D, Miao Y, Pal DS, Kamimura Y, Ueda M, Devreotes PN, Iglesias PA. A dynamic partitioning mechanism polarizes membrane protein distribution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7909. [PMID: 38036511 PMCID: PMC10689845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is widely regarded as the hub of the numerous signal transduction activities. Yet, the fundamental biophysical mechanisms that spatiotemporally compartmentalize different classes of membrane proteins remain unclear. Using multimodal live-cell imaging, here we first show that several lipid-anchored membrane proteins are consistently depleted from the membrane regions where the Ras/PI3K/Akt/F-actin network is activated. The dynamic polarization of these proteins does not depend upon the F-actin-based cytoskeletal structures, recurring shuttling between membrane and cytosol, or directed vesicular trafficking. Photoconversion microscopy and single-molecule measurements demonstrate that these lipid-anchored molecules have substantially dissimilar diffusion profiles in different regions of the membrane which enable their selective segregation. When these diffusion coefficients are incorporated into an excitable network-based stochastic reaction-diffusion model, simulations reveal that the altered affinity mediated selective partitioning is sufficient to drive familiar propagating wave patterns. Furthermore, normally uniform integral and lipid-anchored membrane proteins partition successfully when membrane domain-specific peptides are optogenetically recruited to them. We propose "dynamic partitioning" as a new mechanism that can account for large-scale compartmentalization of a wide array of lipid-anchored and integral membrane proteins during various physiological processes where membrane polarizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsat Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Satomi Matsuoka
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Debojyoti Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuchuan Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhiman Sankar Pal
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamimura
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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Park J, Berthoux C, Hoyos-Ramirez E, Shan L, Morimoto-Tomita M, Wang Y, Castillo PE, Tomita S. Chemogenetic regulation of the TARP-lipid interaction mimics LTP and reversibly modifies behavior. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112826. [PMID: 37471228 PMCID: PMC10528344 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP), a well-characterized form of synaptic plasticity, is believed to underlie memory formation. Hebbian, postsynaptically expressed LTP requires TARPγ-8 phosphorylation for synaptic insertion of AMPA receptors (AMPARs). However, it is unknown whether TARP-mediated AMPAR insertion alone is sufficient to modify behavior. Here, we report the development of a chemogenetic tool, ExSYTE (Excitatory SYnaptic Transmission modulator by Engineered TARPγ-8), to mimic the cytoplasmic interaction of TARP with the plasma membrane in a doxycycline-dependent manner. We use this tool to examine the specific role of synaptic AMPAR potentiation in amygdala neurons that are activated by fear conditioning. Selective expression of active ExSYTE in these neurons potentiates AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission in a doxycycline-dependent manner, occludes synaptically induced LTP, and mimics freezing triggered by cued fear conditioning. Thus, chemogenetic controlling of the TARP-membrane interaction is sufficient for LTP-like synaptic AMPAR insertion, which mimics fear conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongkyu Park
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Coralie Berthoux
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Erika Hoyos-Ramirez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lili Shan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megumi Morimoto-Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pablo E Castillo
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Susumu Tomita
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, and Repair, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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13
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Shan KZ, Le T, Liang P, Dong P, Yang H. Endothelial TMEM16F lipid scramblase regulates angiogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553724. [PMID: 37645870 PMCID: PMC10462142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic loss of lipid asymmetry through the activation of TMEM16 Ca2+-activated lipid scramblases (CaPLSases) has been increasingly recognized as an essential membrane event in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, including blood coagulation, microparticle release, bone development, pain sensation, cell-cell fusion, and viral infection. Despite the recent implications of TMEM16F CaPLSase in vascular development and endothelial cell-mediated coagulation, its signaling role in endothelial biology remains to be established. Here, we show that endothelial TMEM16F regulates in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis through intracellular signaling. Developmental retinal angiogenesis is significantly impaired in TMEM16F deficient mice, as evidenced by fewer vascular loops and larger loop areas. Consistent with our in vivo observation, TMEM16F siRNA knockdown in human umbilical vein endothelial cells compromises angiogenesis in vitro. We further discovered that TMEM16F knockdown enhances VE-cadherin phosphorylation and reduces its expression. Moreover, TMEM16F knockdown also promotes Src kinase phosphorylation at tyrosine 416, which may be responsible for downregulating VE-cadherin expression. Our study thus uncovers a new biological function of TMEM16F in angiogenesis and provides a potential mechanism for how the CaPLSase regulates angiogenesis through intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zoe Shan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Trieu Le
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Curreent address: Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huanghe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Curreent address: Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
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14
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Uchida N, Muraoka T. Self-assembling materials functionalizing bio-interfaces of phospholipid membranes and extracellular matrices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9687-9697. [PMID: 37440181 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01875j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
This Feature Article focuses on recent studies on the development of self-assembling materials that mimic and control dynamic bio-interfaces. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental tissue at the cellular interface constructed by networks of fibrous proteins, which regulates a variety of cellular activities. Reconstruction of ECM has been demonstrated by self-assembling peptides. By combining the dynamic properties of the self-assembling peptides conjugated with full-length proteins, peptide-based supramolecular materials enable neuronal migration and regeneration of injured neural tissue. The phospholipid bilayer is the main component of the cell membrane. The morphology and deformation of the phospholipid bilayer relate directly to dynamic interfacial functions. Stabilization of the phospholipid nanosheet structure has been demonstrated by self-assembling peptides, and the stabilized bicelle is functional for extended blood circulation. By using a photo-responsive synthetic surfactant showing a mechanical opening/closing motion, endocytosis-like outside-in membrane deformation is triggered. The outside-in deformation allows for efficient encapsulation of micrometer-size substances such as phage viruses into the liposomes, and the encapsulated viruses can be delivered to multiple organs in a living body via blood administration. These supramolecular approaches to mimicking and controlling bio-interfaces present powerful ways to develop unprecedented regenerative medicines and drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan.
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
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15
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Sakuragi T, Nagata S. Regulation of phospholipid distribution in the lipid bilayer by flippases and scramblases. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z. [PMID: 37106071 PMCID: PMC10134735 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Cellular membranes function as permeability barriers that separate cells from the external environment or partition cells into distinct compartments. These membranes are lipid bilayers composed of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol, in which proteins are embedded. Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids freely move laterally, whereas transverse movement between lipid bilayers is limited. Phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between membrane leaflets but change their location in biological processes, serving as signalling molecules or enzyme activators. Designated proteins - flippases and scramblases - mediate this lipid movement between the bilayers. Flippases mediate the confined localization of specific phospholipids (phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine) to the cytoplasmic leaflet. Scramblases randomly scramble phospholipids between leaflets and facilitate the exposure of PtdSer on the cell surface, which serves as an important signalling molecule and as an 'eat me' signal for phagocytes. Defects in flippases and scramblases cause various human diseases. We herein review the recent research on the structure of flippases and scramblases and their physiological roles. Although still poorly understood, we address the mechanisms by which they translocate phospholipids between lipid bilayers and how defects cause human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaharu Sakuragi
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Biochemistry & Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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16
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Uchida N, Ryu Y, Takagi Y, Yoshizawa K, Suzuki K, Anraku Y, Ajioka I, Shimokawa N, Takagi M, Hoshino N, Akutagawa T, Matsubara T, Sato T, Higuchi Y, Ito H, Morita M, Muraoka T. Endocytosis-Like Vesicle Fission Mediated by a Membrane-Expanding Molecular Machine Enables Virus Encapsulation for In Vivo Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6210-6220. [PMID: 36853954 PMCID: PMC10037323 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are functionalized by membrane-associated protein machinery. Membrane-associated transport processes, such as endocytosis, represent a fundamental and universal function mediated by membrane-deforming protein machines, by which small biomolecules and even micrometer-size substances can be transported via encapsulation into membrane vesicles. Although synthetic molecules that induce dynamic membrane deformation have been reported, a molecular approach enabling membrane transport in which membrane deformation is coupled with substance binding and transport remains critically lacking. Here, we developed an amphiphilic molecular machine containing a photoresponsive diazocine core (AzoMEx) that localizes in a phospholipid membrane. Upon photoirradiation, AzoMEx expands the liposomal membrane to bias vesicles toward outside-in fission in the membrane deformation process. Cargo components, including micrometer-size M13 bacteriophages that interact with AzoMEx, are efficiently incorporated into the vesicles through the outside-in fission. Encapsulated M13 bacteriophages are transiently protected from the external environment and therefore retain biological activity during distribution throughout the body via the blood following administration. This research developed a molecular approach using synthetic molecular machinery for membrane functionalization to transport micrometer-size substances and objects via vesicle encapsulation. The molecular design demonstrated in this study to expand the membrane for deformation and binding to a cargo component can lead to the development of drug delivery materials and chemical tools for controlling cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ken Yoshizawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kotono Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Itsuki Ajioka
- Center for Brain Integration Research Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
| | - Naofumi Shimokawa
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takagi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Norihisa Hoshino
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Matsubara
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sato
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuji Higuchi
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha 5-1-5, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masamune Morita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Center 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Takahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 705-1 Shimoimaizumi, Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-8-1 Harumi-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
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17
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The promise of probiotics in honeybee health and disease management. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:73. [PMID: 36705763 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, losses of bee populations have been observed worldwide. A panoply of biotic and abiotic factors, as well as the interplay among them, has been suggested to be responsible for bee declines, but definitive causes have not yet been identified. Among pollinators, the honeybee Apis mellifera is threatened by various diseases and environmental stresses, which have been shown to impact the insect gut microbiota that is known to be fundamental for host metabolism, development and immunity. Aimed at preserving the gut homeostasis, many researches are currently focusing on improving the honeybee health through the administration of probiotics e.g., by boosting the innate immune response against microbial infections. Here, we review the knowledge available on the characterization of the microbial diversity associated to honeybees and the use of probiotic symbionts as a promising approach to maintain honeybee fitness, sustaining a healthy gut microbiota and enhancing its crucial relationship with the host immune system.
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18
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Banerjee T, Matsuoka S, Biswas D, Miao Y, Pal DS, Kamimura Y, Ueda M, Devreotes PN, Iglesias PA. A dynamic partitioning mechanism polarizes membrane protein distribution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522496. [PMID: 36712016 PMCID: PMC9881856 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is widely regarded as the hub of the signal transduction network activities that drives numerous physiological responses, including cell polarity and migration. Yet, the symmetry breaking process in the membrane, that leads to dynamic compartmentalization of different proteins, remains poorly understood. Using multimodal live-cell imaging, here we first show that multiple endogenous and synthetic lipid-anchored proteins, despite maintaining stable tight association with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, were unexpectedly depleted from the membrane domains where the signaling network was spontaneously activated such as in the new protrusions as well as within the propagating ventral waves. Although their asymmetric patterns resembled those of standard peripheral "back" proteins such as PTEN, unlike the latter, these lipidated proteins did not dissociate from the membrane upon global receptor activation. Our experiments not only discounted the possibility of recurrent reversible translocation from membrane to cytosol as it occurs for weakly bound peripheral membrane proteins, but also ruled out the necessity of directed vesicular trafficking and cytoskeletal supramolecular structure-based restrictions in driving these dynamic symmetry breaking events. Selective photoconversion-based protein tracking assays suggested that these asymmetric patterns instead originate from the inherent ability of these membrane proteins to "dynamically partition" into distinct domains within the plane of the membrane. Consistently, single-molecule measurements showed that these lipid-anchored molecules have substantially dissimilar diffusion profiles in different regions of the membrane. When these profiles were incorporated into an excitable network-based stochastic reaction-diffusion model of the system, simulations revealed that our proposed "dynamic partitioning" mechanism is sufficient to give rise to familiar asymmetric propagating wave patterns. Moreover, we demonstrated that normally uniform integral and lipid-anchored membrane proteins in Dictyostelium and mammalian neutrophil cells can be induced to partition spatiotemporally to form polarized patterns, by optogenetically recruiting membrane domain-specific peptides to these proteins. Together, our results indicate "dynamic partitioning" as a new mechanism of plasma membrane organization, that can account for large-scale compartmentalization of a wide array of lipid-anchored and integral membrane proteins in different physiological processes.
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19
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Miyata Y, Segawa K. Protocol to analyze lipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101870. [PMID: 36595929 PMCID: PMC9692065 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane containing cholesterol exhibits phospholipid asymmetry, with phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin enriched in its outer leaflet and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn) on the cytoplasmic side. We herein describe steps for bacterial expression of recombinant proteins that bind to membrane lipids, followed by affinity purification. Using fluorescence-labeled phospholipid analogs, we further detail the assay to detect flippase activity, which maintains the single-sided distribution of PtdSer and PtdEtn, in mammalian cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Segawa et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Miyata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Katsumori Segawa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan,Corresponding author
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20
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PI(4,5)P2: signaling the plasma membrane. Biochem J 2022; 479:2311-2325. [PMID: 36367756 PMCID: PMC9704524 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the almost 70 years since the first hints of its existence, the phosphoinositide, phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate has been found to be central in the biological regulation of plasma membrane (PM) function. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling, transport and structural roles the lipid plays at the cell surface in animal cells. These include being substrate for second messenger generation, direct modulation of receptors, control of membrane traffic, regulation of ion channels and transporters, and modulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity. We conclude by re-evaluating PI(4,5)P2's designation as a signaling molecule, instead proposing a cofactor role, enabling PM-selective function for many proteins.
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21
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Banerjee T, Biswas D, Pal DS, Miao Y, Iglesias PA, Devreotes PN. Spatiotemporal dynamics of membrane surface charge regulates cell polarity and migration. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1499-1515. [PMID: 36202973 PMCID: PMC10029748 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During cell migration and polarization, numerous signal transduction and cytoskeletal components self-organize to generate localized protrusions. Although biochemical and genetic analyses have delineated many specific interactions, how the activation and localization of so many different molecules are spatiotemporally orchestrated at the subcellular level has remained unclear. Here we show that the regulation of negative surface charge on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane plays an integrative role in the molecular interactions. Surface charge, or zeta potential, is transiently lowered at new protrusions and within cortical waves of Ras/PI3K/TORC2/F-actin network activation. Rapid alterations of inner leaflet anionic phospholipids-such as PI(4,5)P2, PI(3,4)P2, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid-collectively contribute to the surface charge changes. Abruptly reducing the surface charge by recruiting positively charged optogenetic actuators was sufficient to trigger the entire biochemical network, initiate de novo protrusions and abrogate pre-existing polarity. These effects were blocked by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of key signalling components such as AKT and PI3K/TORC2. Conversely, increasing the negative surface charge deactivated the network and locally suppressed chemoattractant-induced protrusions or subverted EGF-induced ERK activation. Computational simulations involving excitable biochemical networks demonstrated that slight changes in feedback loops, induced by recruitment of the charged actuators, could lead to outsized effects on system activation. We propose that key signalling network components act on, and are in turn acted upon, by surface charge, closing feedback loops, which bring about the global-scale molecular self-organization required for spontaneous protrusion formation, cell migration and polarity establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsat Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Debojyoti Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhiman Sankar Pal
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuchuan Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Norris MJ, Husby ML, Kiosses WB, Yin J, Saxena R, Rennick LJ, Heiner A, Harkins SS, Pokhrel R, Schendel SL, Hastie KM, Landeras-Bueno S, Salie ZL, Lee B, Chapagain PP, Maisner A, Duprex WP, Stahelin RV, Saphire EO. Measles and Nipah virus assembly: Specific lipid binding drives matrix polymerization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1440. [PMID: 35857835 PMCID: PMC9299542 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Measles virus, Nipah virus, and multiple other paramyxoviruses cause disease outbreaks in humans and animals worldwide. The paramyxovirus matrix (M) protein mediates virion assembly and budding from host cell membranes. M is thus a key target for antivirals, but few high-resolution structures of paramyxovirus M are available, and we lack the clear understanding of how viral M proteins interact with membrane lipids to mediate viral assembly and egress that is needed to guide antiviral design. Here, we reveal that M proteins associate with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] at the plasma membrane. Using x-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, and molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that PI(4,5)P2 binding induces conformational and electrostatic changes in the M protein surface that trigger membrane deformation, matrix layer polymerization, and virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Norris
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Monica L. Husby
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - William B. Kiosses
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roopashi Saxena
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Linda J. Rennick
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Anja Heiner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie S. Harkins
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rudramani Pokhrel
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Sharon L. Schendel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara Landeras-Bueno
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zhe Li Salie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Prem P. Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Robert V. Stahelin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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A chemogenetic platform for controlling plasma membrane signaling and synthetic signal oscillation. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1446-1464.e10. [PMID: 35835118 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemogenetic methods enabling the rapid translocation of specific proteins to the plasma membrane (PM) in a single protein-single ligand manner are useful tools in cell biology. We recently developed a technique, in which proteins fused to an Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (eDHFR) variant carrying N-terminal hexalysine residues are recruited from the cytoplasm to the PM using the synthetic myristoyl-d-Cys-tethered trimethoprim (mDcTMP) ligand. However, this system achieved PM-specific translocation only when the eDHFR tag was fused to the N terminus of proteins, thereby limiting its application. In this report, we engineered a universal PM-targeting tag for mDcTMP-induced protein translocation by grafting the hexalysine motif into an intra-loop region of eDHFR. We demonstrate the broad applicability of the new loop-engineered eDHFR tag and mDcTMP pair for conditional PM recruitment and activation of various tag-fused signaling proteins with different fusion configurations and for reversibly and repeatedly controlling protein localization to generate synthetic signal oscillations.
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24
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Dawson JE, Smith IN, Martin W, Khan K, Cheng F, Eng C. Shape shifting: The multiple conformational substates of the PTEN N-terminal PIP 2 -binding domain. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4308. [PMID: 35481646 PMCID: PMC9004235 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a chief regulator of a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, migration, growth, and death. It is also a major tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated or lost under cancerous conditions. PTEN encodes a dual-specificity (lipid and protein) phosphatase that negatively regulates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway where the PIP2 -binding domain (PBD) regulates the lipid phosphatase function. Unfortunately, despite two decades of research, a full-length structure of PTEN remains elusive, leaving open questions regarding PTEN's disordered regions that mediate protein stability, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, while also hindering the design of small molecules that can regulate PTEN's function. Here, we utilized a combination of crosslinking mass spectrometry, in silico predicted structural modeling (including AlphaFold2), molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and residue interaction network modeling to obtain structural details and molecular insight into the behavior of the PBD of PTEN. Our study shows that the PBD exists in multiple conformations which suggests its ability to regulate PTEN's variety of functions. Studying how these specific conformational substates contribute to PTEN function is imperative to defining its function in disease pathogenesis, and to delineate ways to modulate its tumor suppressor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Dawson
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Iris Nira Smith
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - William Martin
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Krishnendu Khan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOhioUSA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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25
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Ochmann SE, Schröder T, Schulz CM, Tinnefeld P. Quantitative Single-Molecule Measurements of Membrane Charges with DNA Origami Sensors. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2633-2640. [PMID: 35089694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Charges in lipid head groups generate electrical surface potentials at cell membranes, and changes in their composition are involved in various signaling pathways, such as T-cell activation or apoptosis. Here, we present a DNA origami-based sensor for membrane surface charges with a quantitative fluorescence read-out of single molecules. A DNA origami plate is equipped with modifications for specific membrane targeting, surface immobilization, and an anionic sensing unit consisting of single-stranded DNA and the dye ATTO542. This unit is anchored to a lipid membrane by the dye ATTO647N, and conformational changes of the sensing unit in response to surface charges are read out by fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the two dyes. We test the performance of our sensor with single-molecule fluorescence microscopy by exposing it to differently charged large unilamellar vesicles. We achieve a change in energy transfer of ∼10% points between uncharged and highly charged membranes and demonstrate a quantitative relation between the surface charge and the energy transfer. Further, with autocorrelation analyses of confocal data, we unravel the working principle of our sensor that is switching dynamically between a membrane-bound state and an unbound state on the timescale of 1-10 ms. Our study introduces a complementary sensing system for membrane surface charges to previously published genetically encoded sensors. Additionally, the single-molecule read-out enables investigations of lipid membranes on the nanoscale with a high spatial resolution circumventing ensemble averaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Ochmann
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Tim Schröder
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Clara M Schulz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 München, Germany
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26
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Petrich A, Dunsing V, Bobone S, Chiantia S. Influenza A M2 recruits M1 to the plasma membrane: A fluorescence fluctuation microscopy study. Biophys J 2021; 120:5478-5490. [PMID: 34808098 PMCID: PMC8715234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory pathogen that causes seasonal epidemics with significant mortality. One of the most abundant proteins in IAV particles is the matrix protein 1 (M1), which is essential for the virus structural stability. M1 organizes virion assembly and budding at the plasma membrane (PM), where it interacts with other viral components. The recruitment of M1 to the PM as well as its interaction with the other viral envelope proteins (hemagglutinin [HA], neuraminidase, matrix protein 2 [M2]) is controversially discussed in previous studies. Therefore, we used fluorescence fluctuation microscopy techniques (i.e., scanning fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy and number and brightness) to quantify the oligomeric state of M1 and its interactions with other viral proteins in co-transfected as well as infected cells. Our results indicate that M1 is recruited to the PM by M2, as a consequence of the strong interaction between the two proteins. In contrast, only a weak interaction between M1 and HA was observed. M1-HA interaction occurred only in the event that M1 was already bound to the PM. We therefore conclude that M2 initiates the assembly of IAV by recruiting M1 to the PM, possibly allowing its further interaction with other viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Petrich
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Valentin Dunsing
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara Bobone
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Chiantia
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam, Germany.
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27
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Saile SC, Ackermann FM, Sunil S, Keicher J, Bayless A, Bonardi V, Wan L, Doumane M, Stöbbe E, Jaillais Y, Caillaud MC, Dangl JL, Nishimura MT, Oecking C, El Kasmi F. Arabidopsis ADR1 helper NLR immune receptors localize and function at the plasma membrane in a phospholipid dependent manner. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2440-2456. [PMID: 34628646 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Activation of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) results in immunity and a localized cell death. NLR cell death activity requires oligomerization and in some cases plasma membrane (PM) localization. The exact mechanisms underlying PM localization of NLRs lacking predicted transmembrane domains or recognizable lipidation motifs remain elusive. We used confocal microscopy, genetically encoded molecular tools and protein-lipid overlay assays to determine whether PM localization of members of the Arabidopsis HeLo-/RPW8-like domain 'helper' NLR (RNL) family is mediated by the interaction with negatively charged phospholipids of the PM. Our results show that PM localization and stability of some RNLs and one CC-type NLR (CNL) depend on the direct interaction with PM phospholipids. Depletion of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate from the PM led to a mis-localization of the analysed NLRs and consequently inhibited their cell death activity. We further demonstrate homo- and hetero-association of members of the RNL family. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of NLR localization and defines an important role of phospholipids for CNL and RNL PM localization and consequently, for their function. We propose that RNLs interact with anionic PM phospholipids and that RNL-mediated cell death and immune responses happen at the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja C Saile
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank M Ackermann
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sruthi Sunil
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jutta Keicher
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adam Bayless
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1878, USA
| | - Vera Bonardi
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mehdi Doumane
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69264, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Stöbbe
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69264, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69264, Lyon, France
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Marc T Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1878, USA
| | - Claudia Oecking
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Farid El Kasmi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Fountain A, Inpanathan S, Alves P, Verdawala MB, Botelho RJ. Phagosome maturation in macrophages: Eat, digest, adapt, and repeat. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 82:100832. [PMID: 34717137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a dynamic process that requires an intricate interplay between phagocytic receptors, membrane lipids, and numerous signalling proteins and their effectors, to coordinate the engulfment of a bound particle. These particles are diverse in their physico-chemical properties such as size and shape and include bacteria, fungi, apoptotic cells, living tumour cells, and abiotic particles. Once engulfed, these particles are enclosed within a phagosome, which undergoes a striking transformation referred to as phagosome maturation, which will ultimately lead to the processing and degradation of the enclosed particulate. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in phagosome maturation in macrophages, highlighting new discoveries and emerging themes. Such advancements include identification of new GTPases and their effectors and the intricate spatio-temporal dynamics of phosphoinositides in governing phagosome maturation. We then explore phagosome fission and recycling, the emerging role of membrane contact sites, and delve into mechanisms of phagosome resolution to recycle and reform lysosomes. We further illustrate how phagosome maturation is context-dependent, subject to the type of particle, phagocytic receptors, the phagocytes and their state of activation during phagocytosis. Lastly, we discuss how phagosomes serve as signalling platforms to help phagocytes adapt to their environmental conditions. Overall, this review aims to cover recent findings, identify emerging themes, and highlight current challenges and directions to improve our understanding of phagosome maturation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Fountain
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Subothan Inpanathan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Patris Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Munira B Verdawala
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology and Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada; Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, M5B2K3, Canada.
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29
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Price JR, Afrose F, Greathouse DV, Koeppe RE. Illuminating Disorder Induced by Glu in a Stable Arg-Anchored Transmembrane Helix. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20611-20618. [PMID: 34396006 PMCID: PMC8359125 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are vital for biological function and are complex to study. Even in model peptide-lipid systems, the combined influence or interaction of pairs of chemical groups still is not well understood. Disordered proteins, whether in solution or near lipid membranes, are an emerging paradigm for the initiation and control of biological function. The disorder can involve molecular orientation as well as molecular folding. This paper reports an astonishing induction of disorder when one Glu residue is introduced into a highly stable 23-residue transmembrane helix. The parent helix is anchored by a single Arg residue, tilted at a well-defined angle with respect to the DOPC bilayer normal and undergoes rapid cone precession. When Glu is introduced two residues away from Arg, with 200° (or 160°) radial separation, the helix properties change radically to exhibit a multiplicity of three or more disordered states. The helix characteristics have been monitored by deuterium (2H) NMR spectroscopy as functions of the pH and lipid bilayer composition. The disordered multistate behavior of the (Glu, Arg)-containing helix varies with the lipid bilayer thickness and pH. The results highlight a fundamental induction of protein multistate properties by a single Glu residue in a lipid membrane environment.
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30
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Connolly A, Panes R, Tual M, Lafortune R, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Gagnon E. TMEM16F mediates bystander TCR-CD3 membrane dissociation at the immunological synapse and potentiates T cell activation. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabb5146. [PMID: 33758060 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic interactions regulate many aspects of T cell receptor (TCR) activity, including enabling the dynamic binding of the TCR-associated CD3ε and CD3ζ chains to anionic lipids in the plasma membrane to prevent spontaneous phosphorylation. Substantial changes in the electrostatic potential of the plasma membrane occur at the immunological synapse, the interface between a T cell and an antigen-presenting cell. Here, we investigated how the electrostatic interactions that promote dynamic membrane binding of the TCR-CD3 cytoplasmic domains are modulated during signaling and affect T cell activation. We found that Ca2+-dependent activation of the phosphatidylserine scramblase TMEM16F, which was previously implicated in T cell activation, reduced the electrostatic potential of the plasma membrane during immunological synapse formation by locally redistributing phosphatidylserine. This, in turn, increased the dissociation of bystander TCR-CD3 cytoplasmic domains from the plasma membrane and enhanced TCR-dependent signaling and consequently T cell activation. This study establishes the molecular basis for the role of TMEM16F in bystander TCR-induced signal amplification and identifies enhancement of TMEM16F function as a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Connolly
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, 2950 Chemin de la Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Rébecca Panes
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, 2950 Chemin de la Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Margaux Tual
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, 2950 Chemin de la Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Raphaël Lafortune
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Angélique Bellemare-Pelletier
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, 2950 Chemin de la Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Etienne Gagnon
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie, 2950 Chemin de la Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada.
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec H3T1J4, Canada
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31
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Polit A, Mystek P, Błasiak E. Every Detail Matters. That Is, How the Interaction between Gα Proteins and Membrane Affects Their Function. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:222. [PMID: 33804791 PMCID: PMC8003949 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In highly organized multicellular organisms such as humans, the functions of an individual cell are dependent on signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and subsequently heterotrimeric G proteins. As most of the elements belonging to the signal transduction system are bound to lipid membranes, researchers are showing increasing interest in studying the accompanying protein-lipid interactions, which have been demonstrated to not only provide the environment but also regulate proper and efficient signal transduction. The mode of interaction between the cell membrane and G proteins is well known. Despite this, the recognition mechanisms at the molecular level and how the individual G protein-membrane attachment signals are interrelated in the process of the complex control of membrane targeting of G proteins remain unelucidated. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which mammalian Gα subunits of G proteins interact with lipids and the factors responsible for the specificity of membrane association. We summarize recent data on how these signaling proteins are precisely targeted to a specific site in the membrane region by introducing well-defined modifications as well as through the presence of polybasic regions within these proteins and interactions with other components of the heterocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Polit
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (P.M.); (E.B.)
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32
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Dong W, Lu J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Lettieri K, Hammond GR, Hong Y. A polybasic domain in aPKC mediates Par6-dependent control of membrane targeting and kinase activity. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151883. [PMID: 32580209 PMCID: PMC7337507 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201903031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms coupling the atypical PKC (aPKC) kinase activity to its subcellular localization are essential for cell polarization. Unlike other members of the PKC family, aPKC has no well-defined plasma membrane (PM) or calcium binding domains, leading to the assumption that its subcellular localization relies exclusively on protein–protein interactions. Here we show that in both Drosophila and mammalian cells, the pseudosubstrate region (PSr) of aPKC acts as a polybasic domain capable of targeting aPKC to the PM via electrostatic binding to PM PI4P and PI(4,5)P2. However, physical interaction between aPKC and Par-6 is required for the PM-targeting of aPKC, likely by allosterically exposing the PSr to bind PM. Binding of Par-6 also inhibits aPKC kinase activity, and such inhibition can be relieved through Par-6 interaction with apical polarity protein Crumbs. Our data suggest a potential mechanism in which allosteric regulation of polybasic PSr by Par-6 couples the control of both aPKC subcellular localization and spatial activation of its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yan Wu
- Jiangsu University, Zhengjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaela Lettieri
- First Experience in Research Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Gerald R Hammond
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA
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33
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Montaño-Rendón F, Grinstein S, Walpole GFW. Monitoring Phosphoinositide Fluxes and Effectors During Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626136. [PMID: 33614656 PMCID: PMC7890364 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic re-organization of cellular membranes in response to extracellular stimuli is fundamental to the cell physiology of myeloid and lymphoid cells of the immune system. In addition to maintaining cellular homeostatic functions, remodeling of the plasmalemma and endomembranes endow leukocytes with the potential to relay extracellular signals across their biological membranes to promote rolling adhesion and diapedesis, migration into the tissue parenchyma, and to ingest foreign particles and effete cells. Phosphoinositides, signaling lipids that control the interface of biological membranes with the external environment, are pivotal to this wealth of functions. Here, we highlight the complex metabolic transitions that occur to phosphoinositides during several stages of the leukocyte lifecycle, namely diapedesis, migration, and phagocytosis. We describe classical and recently developed tools that have aided our understanding of these complex lipids. Finally, major downstream effectors of inositides are highlighted including the cytoskeleton, emphasizing the importance of these rare lipids in immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Montaño-Rendón
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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34
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Hicks A, Escobar CA, Cross TA, Zhou HX. Fuzzy Association of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein with Acidic Membranes. JACS AU 2021; 1:66-78. [PMID: 33554215 PMCID: PMC7851954 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cell division, may involve fuzzy membrane association by proteins via intrinsically disordered regions. The fuzziness is extreme when the conformation and pose of the bound protein and the composition of the proximal lipids are all highly dynamic. Here, we tackled the challenge in characterizing the extreme fuzzy membrane association of the disordered, cytoplasmic N-terminal region (NT) of ChiZ, an Mtb divisome protein, by combining solution and solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. While membrane-associated NT does not gain any secondary structure, its interactions with lipids are not random, but formed largely by Arg residues predominantly in the second, conserved half of the NT sequence. As NT frolics on the membrane, lipids quickly redistribute, with acidic lipids, relative to zwitterionic lipids, preferentially taking up Arg-proximal positions. The asymmetric engagement of NT arises partly from competition between acidic lipids and acidic residues, all in the first half of NT, for Arg interactions. This asymmetry is accentuated by membrane insertion of the downstream transmembrane helix. This type of semispecific molecular recognition may be a general mechanism by which disordered proteins target membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Hicks
- Institute
of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Cristian A. Escobar
- Institute
of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Timothy A. Cross
- Institute
of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- National
High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida
State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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35
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Plasma membrane lipid scrambling causing phosphatidylserine exposure negatively regulates NK cell activation. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:686-697. [PMID: 33469162 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of live cells is the asymmetric distribution of lipids across their plasma membrane. Changes in this asymmetry due to lipid "scrambling" result in phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface that is detected by annexin V staining. This alteration is observed during cell death processes such as apoptosis, and during physiological responses such as platelet degranulation and membrane repair. Previous studies have shown that activation of NK cells is accompanied by exposure of phosphatidylserine at the cell surface. While this response was thought to be indicative of ongoing NK cell death, it may also reflect the regulation of NK cell activation in the absence of cell death. Herein, we found that NK cell activation was accompanied by rapid phosphatidylserine exposure to an extent proportional to the degree of NK cell activation. Through enforced expression of a lipid scramblase, we provided evidence that activation-induced lipid scrambling in NK cells is reversible and does not lead to cell death. In contrast, lipid scrambling attenuates NK cell activation. This response was accompanied by reduced cell surface expression of activating receptors such as 2B4, and by loss of binding of Src family protein tyrosine kinases Fyn and Lck to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Hence, lipid scrambling during NK cell activation is, at least in part, a physiological response that reduces the NK cell activation level. This effect is due to the ability of lipid scrambling to alter the distribution of membrane-associated receptors and kinases required for NK cell activation.
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36
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Eisenberg S, Haimov E, Walpole GFW, Plumb J, Kozlov MM, Grinstein S. Mapping the electrostatic profiles of cellular membranes. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 32:301-310. [PMID: 33263429 PMCID: PMC8098824 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-08-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anionic phospholipids can confer a net negative charge on biological membranes. This surface charge generates an electric field that serves to recruit extrinsic cationic proteins, can alter the disposition of transmembrane proteins and causes the local accumulation of soluble counterions, altering the local pH and the concentration of physiologically important ions such as calcium. Because the phospholipid compositions of the different organellar membranes vary, their surface charges are similarly expected to diverge. Yet, despite the important functional implications, remarkably little is known about the electrostatic properties of the individual organellar membranes. We therefore designed and implemented approaches to estimate the surface charges of the cytosolic membranes of various organelles in situ in intact cells. Our data indicate that the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane is most negative, with a surface potential of approximately –35 mV, followed by the Golgi complex > lysosomes > mitochondria ≈ peroxisomes > endoplasmic reticulum, in decreasing order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Eisenberg
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4
| | - Ehud Haimov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Jonathan Plumb
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4
| | - Michael M Kozlov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 0A4.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8.,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5C 1N8
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37
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Meško M, Lebar T, Dekleva P, Jerala R, Benčina M. Engineering and Rewiring of a Calcium-Dependent Signaling Pathway. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2055-2065. [PMID: 32643923 PMCID: PMC7467823 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
An important feature of synthetic
biological circuits is their
response to physicochemical signals, which enables the external control
of cellular processes. Calcium-dependent regulation is an attractive
approach for achieving such control, as diverse stimuli induce calcium
influx by activating membrane channel receptors. Most calcium-dependent
gene circuits use the endogenous nuclear factor of activated T-cells
(NFAT) signaling pathway. Here, we employed engineered NFAT transcription
factors to induce the potent and robust activation of exogenous gene
expression in HEK293T cells. Furthermore, we designed a calcium-dependent
transcription factor that does not interfere with NFAT-regulated promoters
and potently activates transcription in several mammalian cell types.
Additionally, we demonstrate that coupling the circuit to a calcium-selective
ion channel resulted in capsaicin- and temperature-controlled gene
expression. This engineered calcium-dependent signaling pathway enables
tightly controlled regulation of gene expression through different
stimuli in mammalian cells and is versatile, adaptable, and useful
for a wide range of therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Meško
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Interfaculty Doctoral Study of Biomedicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Lebar
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Dekleva
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne fronte 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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38
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Kattan WE, Hancock JF. RAS Function in cancer cells: translating membrane biology and biochemistry into new therapeutics. Biochem J 2020; 477:2893-2919. [PMID: 32797215 PMCID: PMC7891675 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The three human RAS proteins are mutated and constitutively activated in ∼20% of cancers leading to cell growth and proliferation. For the past three decades, many attempts have been made to inhibit these proteins with little success. Recently; however, multiple methods have emerged to inhibit KRAS, the most prevalently mutated isoform. These methods and the underlying biology will be discussed in this review with a special focus on KRAS-plasma membrane interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa E. Kattan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, TX 77030, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, TX 77030, USA
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39
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Hobson CM, Kern M, O'Brien ET, Stephens AD, Falvo MR, Superfine R. Correlating nuclear morphology and external force with combined atomic force microscopy and light sheet imaging separates roles of chromatin and lamin A/C in nuclear mechanics. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1788-1801. [PMID: 32267206 DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.10.942581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclei are often under external stress, be it during migration through tight constrictions or compressive pressure by the actin cap, and the mechanical properties of nuclei govern their subsequent deformations. Both altered mechanical properties of nuclei and abnormal nuclear morphologies are hallmarks of a variety of disease states. Little work, however, has been done to link specific changes in nuclear shape to external forces. Here, we utilize a combined atomic force microscope and light sheet microscope to show SKOV3 nuclei exhibit a two-regime force response that correlates with changes in nuclear volume and surface area, allowing us to develop an empirical model of nuclear deformation. Our technique further decouples the roles of chromatin and lamin A/C in compression, showing they separately resist changes in nuclear volume and surface area, respectively; this insight was not previously accessible by Hertzian analysis. A two-material finite element model supports our conclusions. We also observed that chromatin decompaction leads to lower nuclear curvature under compression, which is important for maintaining nuclear compartmentalization and function. The demonstrated link between specific types of nuclear morphological change and applied force will allow researchers to better understand the stress on nuclei throughout various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Hobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Megan Kern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - E Timothy O'Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Andrew D Stephens
- Biology Department, The University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michael R Falvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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40
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Hobson CM, Kern M, O’Brien ET, Stephens AD, Falvo MR, Superfine R. Correlating nuclear morphology and external force with combined atomic force microscopy and light sheet imaging separates roles of chromatin and lamin A/C in nuclear mechanics. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1788-1801. [PMID: 32267206 PMCID: PMC7521857 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-01-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclei are often under external stress, be it during migration through tight constrictions or compressive pressure by the actin cap, and the mechanical properties of nuclei govern their subsequent deformations. Both altered mechanical properties of nuclei and abnormal nuclear morphologies are hallmarks of a variety of disease states. Little work, however, has been done to link specific changes in nuclear shape to external forces. Here, we utilize a combined atomic force microscope and light sheet microscope to show SKOV3 nuclei exhibit a two-regime force response that correlates with changes in nuclear volume and surface area, allowing us to develop an empirical model of nuclear deformation. Our technique further decouples the roles of chromatin and lamin A/C in compression, showing they separately resist changes in nuclear volume and surface area, respectively; this insight was not previously accessible by Hertzian analysis. A two-material finite element model supports our conclusions. We also observed that chromatin decompaction leads to lower nuclear curvature under compression, which is important for maintaining nuclear compartmentalization and function. The demonstrated link between specific types of nuclear morphological change and applied force will allow researchers to better understand the stress on nuclei throughout various biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. Hobson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Megan Kern
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - E. Timothy O’Brien
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Andrew D. Stephens
- Biology Department, The University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Michael R. Falvo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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41
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Ohashi Y, Tremel S, Masson GR, McGinney L, Boulanger J, Rostislavleva K, Johnson CM, Niewczas I, Clark J, Williams RL. Membrane characteristics tune activities of endosomal and autophagic human VPS34 complexes. eLife 2020; 9:58281. [PMID: 32602837 PMCID: PMC7326497 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid kinase VPS34 orchestrates diverse processes, including autophagy, endocytic sorting, phagocytosis, anabolic responses and cell division. VPS34 forms various complexes that help adapt it to specific pathways, with complexes I and II being the most prominent ones. We found that physicochemical properties of membranes strongly modulate VPS34 activity. Greater unsaturation of both substrate and non-substrate lipids, negative charge and curvature activate VPS34 complexes, adapting them to their cellular compartments. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) of complexes I and II on membranes elucidated structural determinants that enable them to bind membranes. Among these are the Barkor/ATG14L autophagosome targeting sequence (BATS), which makes autophagy-specific complex I more active than the endocytic complex II, and the Beclin1 BARA domain. Interestingly, even though Beclin1 BARA is common to both complexes, its membrane-interacting loops are critical for complex II, but have only a minor role for complex I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ohashi
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Tremel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn Robert Masson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren McGinney
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Boulanger
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia Rostislavleva
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Johnson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Roger L Williams
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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42
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Vascon F, Gasparotto M, Giacomello M, Cendron L, Bergantino E, Filippini F, Righetto I. Protein electrostatics: From computational and structural analysis to discovery of functional fingerprints and biotechnological design. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:1774-1789. [PMID: 32695270 PMCID: PMC7355722 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Computationally driven engineering of proteins aims to allow them to withstand an extended range of conditions and to mediate modified or novel functions. Therefore, it is crucial to the biotechnological industry, to biomedicine and to afford new challenges in environmental sciences, such as biocatalysis for green chemistry and bioremediation. In order to achieve these goals, it is important to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying proteins stability and modulating their interactions. So far, much attention has been given to hydrophobic and polar packing interactions and stability of the protein core. In contrast, the role of electrostatics and, in particular, of surface interactions has received less attention. However, electrostatics plays a pivotal role along the whole life cycle of a protein, since early folding steps to maturation, and it is involved in the regulation of protein localization and interactions with other cellular or artificial molecules. Short- and long-range electrostatic interactions, together with other forces, provide essential guidance cues in molecular and macromolecular assembly. We report here on methods for computing protein electrostatics and for individual or comparative analysis able to sort proteins by electrostatic similarity. Then, we provide examples of electrostatic analysis and fingerprints in natural protein evolution and in biotechnological design, in fields as diverse as biocatalysis, antibody and nanobody engineering, drug design and delivery, molecular virology, nanotechnology and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Vascon
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Gasparotto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Bioenergetic Organelles Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cendron
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Irene Righetto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy
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43
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Surface charge of Merkel cell polyomavirus small T antigen determines cell transformation through allosteric FBW7 WD40 domain targeting. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:53. [PMID: 32427880 PMCID: PMC7237485 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) small T (sT) is the main oncoprotein in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) development. A unique domain of sT, LT stabilization domain (LSD), has been reported to bind and inactivate multiple SCF (Skp1-Cullin-F-box) E3 ligases. These interactions impede the turnover of MCV large T (LT) antigen and cellular oncoproteins such as c-Myc and cyclin E, thereby promoting viral replication and cell transformation. However, it is currently unclear how this LSD region contributes to multiple transforming activities of sT. Structural docking simulation of sT and F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7 (FBW7) revealed a novel allosteric interaction between sT and FBW7 WD40 domain. This model is supported by experimental evidence confirming that charge engineering in the LSD alters sT-WD40 binding. Specifically, loss of net positive charge in the LSD prevents sT-FBW7 binding by abrogating the electrostatic interaction, thus impeding inhibition of FBW7 by sT. Furthermore, positively charged mutations in the LSD significantly restored the sT function and its ability to transform rodent fibroblast cells. We infer that the surface charge of sT is a major determinant for targeting E3 ligases, which leads to sT-induced cell transformation, an observation that could be used to develop targeted therapeutics for MCC.
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44
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Walpole GFW, Grinstein S. Endocytosis and the internalization of pathogenic organisms: focus on phosphoinositides. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32494357 PMCID: PMC7233180 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22393.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their comparatively low abundance in biological membranes, phosphoinositides are key to the regulation of a diverse array of signaling pathways and direct membrane traffic. The role of phosphoinositides in the initiation and progression of endocytic pathways has been studied in considerable depth. Recent advances have revealed that distinct phosphoinositide species feature prominently in clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis as well as in phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. Moreover, a variety of intracellular and cell-associated pathogens have developed strategies to commandeer host cell phosphoinositide metabolism to gain entry and/or metabolic advantage, thereby promoting their survival and proliferation. Here, we briefly survey the current knowledge on the involvement of phosphoinositides in endocytosis, phagocytosis, and macropinocytosis and highlight several examples of molecular mimicry employed by pathogens to either “hitch a ride” on endocytic pathways endogenous to the host or create an entry path of their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn F W Walpole
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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45
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Membrane Phospholipids and Polyphosphates as Cofactors and Binding Molecules of SERPINA12 (vaspin). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081992. [PMID: 32344508 PMCID: PMC7221550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a member of the serpin family and has been shown to have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance, insulin stability as well as adipose tissue inflammation, parameters seriously affected by obesity. Some of these effects require inhibition of target proteases such as kallikrein 7(KLK7) and many studies have demonstrated vaspin-mediated activation of intracellular signaling cascades in various cells and tissues. So far, little is known about the exact mechanism how vaspin may trigger these intracellular signaling events. In this study, we investigated and characterized the interaction of vaspin with membrane lipids and polyphosphates as well as their potential regulatory effects on serpin activity using recombinant vaspin and KLK7 proteins and functional protein variants thereof. Here, we show for the first time that vaspin binds to phospholipids and polyphosphates with varying effects on KLK7 inhibition. Vaspin binds strongly to monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsP) with no effect on vaspin activation. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) measurements revealed high-affinity binding to polyphosphate 45 (KD: 466 ± 75 nM) and activation of vaspin in a heparin-like manner. Furthermore, we identified additional residues in the heparin binding site in β-sheet A by mutating five basic residues resulting in complete loss of high-affinity heparin binding. Finally, using lipid overlay assays, we show that these residues are additionally involved in PtdInsP binding. Phospholipids play a major role in membrane trafficking and signaling whereas polyphosphates are procoagulant and proinflammatory agents. The identification of phospholipids and polyphosphates as binding partners of vaspin will contribute to the understanding of vaspins involvement in membrane trafficking, signaling and beneficial effects associated with obesity.
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46
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Nakamura A, Oki C, Kato K, Fujinuma S, Maryu G, Kuwata K, Yoshii T, Matsuda M, Aoki K, Tsukiji S. Engineering Orthogonal, Plasma Membrane-Specific SLIPT Systems for Multiplexed Chemical Control of Signaling Pathways in Living Single Cells. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1004-1015. [PMID: 32162909 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Most cell behaviors are the outcome of processing information from multiple signals generated upon cell stimulation. Thus, a systematic understanding of cellular systems requires methods that allow the activation of more than one specific signaling molecule or pathway within a cell. However, the construction of tools suitable for such multiplexed signal control remains challenging. In this work, we aimed to develop a platform for chemically manipulating multiple signaling molecules/pathways in living mammalian cells based on self-localizing ligand-induced protein translocation (SLIPT). SLIPT is an emerging chemogenetic tool that controls protein localization and cell signaling using synthetic self-localizing ligands (SLs). Focusing on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM), where there is a hub of intracellular signaling networks, here we present the design and engineering of two new PM-specific SLIPT systems based on an orthogonal eDHFR and SNAP-tag pair. These systems rapidly induce translocation of eDHFR- and SNAP-tag-fusion proteins from the cytoplasm to the PM specifically in a time scale of minutes upon addition of the corresponding SL. We then show that the combined use of the two systems enables chemically inducible, individual translocation of two distinct proteins in the same cell. Finally, by integrating the orthogonal SLIPT systems with fluorescent reporters, we demonstrate simultaneous multiplexed activation and fluorescence imaging of endogenous ERK and Akt activities in a single cell. Collectively, orthogonal PM-specific SLIPT systems provide a powerful new platform for multiplexed chemical signal control in living single cells, offering new opportunities for dissecting cell signaling networks and synthetic cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Choji Oki
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kenya Kato
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Fujinuma
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Gembu Maryu
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Keiko Kuwata
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yoshii
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, SOKENDAI, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsukiji
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Department of Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science (FRIMS), Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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47
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Galle JN, Hegemann JH. Exofacial phospholipids at the plasma membrane: ill-defined targets for early infection processes. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1323-1334. [PMID: 31408428 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The eukaryotic plasma membrane (PM) consists largely of phospholipids and proteins, and separates the intracellular compartments from the extracellular space. It also serves as a signaling platform for cell-to-cell communication and an interaction platform for the molecular crosstalk between pathogens and their target cells. Much research has been done to elucidate the interactions between pathogens and host membrane proteins. However, little is known about the interactions between pathogens and membrane phospholipids, although reports have described a contribution of phospholipids to cell recognition and/or invasion during early infection by diverse pathogens. Thus, during adhesion to the host cell, the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens Chlamydia spp., the facultative intracellular pathogen Helicobacter pylori and the facultative aerobic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus, interact with exofacial phospholipids. This review focuses on several prominent instances of pathogen interaction with host-cell phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N Galle
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Genomforschung der Mikroorganismen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes H Hegemann
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Genomforschung der Mikroorganismen, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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48
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The Role of Membrane Surface Charge in Phagocytosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1246:43-54. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40406-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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49
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The NADPH Oxidase and the Phagosome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1246:153-177. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40406-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Flores-Romero H, Ros U, García-Sáez AJ. A lipid perspective on regulated cell death. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 351:197-236. [PMID: 32247580 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are fundamental to life as structural components of cellular membranes and for signaling. They are also key regulators of different cellular processes such as cell division, proliferation, and death. Regulated cell death (RCD) requires the engagement of lipids and lipid metabolism for the initiation and execution of its killing machinery. The permeabilization of lipid membranes is a hallmark of RCD that involves, for each kind of cell death, a unique lipid profile. While the permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane allows the release of apoptotic factors to the cytosol during apoptosis, permeabilization of the plasma membrane facilitates the release of intracellular content in other nonapoptotic types of RCD like necroptosis and ferroptosis. Lipids and lipid membranes are important accessory molecules required for the activation of protein executors of cell death such as BAX in apoptosis and MLKL in necroptosis. Peroxidation of membrane phospholipids and the subsequent membrane destabilization is a prerequisite to ferroptosis. Here, we discuss how lipids are essential players in apoptosis, the most common form of RCD, and also their role in necroptosis and ferroptosis. Altogether, we aim to highlight the contribution of lipids and membrane dynamics in cell death regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Flores-Romero
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Uris Ros
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana J García-Sáez
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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