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Maejima I, Sato K. New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1971-1980. [PMID: 39254551 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, organelles in the secretory, lysosomal, and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking, which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins, lipids, and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or intermediates. These processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain (RAB) protein family, which is the largest subfamily of the RAS superfamily. Dysfunction of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases, including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain function. RAB35, a member of the RAB family, is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans. A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis, endocytic recycling, actin bundling, and cell migration. RAB35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic vesicles. We generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and function. These mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial memory. Strikingly, RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development, and thereby for normal hippocampal lamination. In contrast, layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially, even in the absence of RAB35, suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex development. Recent studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of RAB35. We also provide insights into the physiological role of RAB35 in mammalian brain development and function, and discuss the involvement of RAB35 dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Maejima
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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2
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Remsburg CM, Konrad KD, Testa MD, Stepicheva N, Lee K, Choe LH, Polson S, Bhavsar J, Huang H, Song JL. miR-31-mediated local translation at the mitotic spindle is important for early development. Development 2024; 151:dev202619. [PMID: 39250531 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
miR-31 is a highly conserved microRNA that plays crucial roles in cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. We discovered that miR-31 and some of its validated targets are enriched on the mitotic spindle of the dividing sea urchin embryo and mammalian cells. Using the sea urchin embryo, we found that miR-31 inhibition led to developmental delay correlated with increased cytoskeletal and chromosomal defects. We identified miR-31 to directly suppress several actin remodeling transcripts, including β-actin, Gelsolin, Rab35 and Fascin. De novo translation of Fascin occurs at the mitotic spindle of sea urchin embryos and mammalian cells. Importantly, miR-31 inhibition leads to a significant a increase of newly translated Fascin at the spindle of dividing sea urchin embryos. Forced ectopic localization of Fascin transcripts to the cell membrane and translation led to significant developmental and chromosomal segregation defects, highlighting the importance of the regulation of local translation by miR-31 at the mitotic spindle to ensure proper cell division. Furthermore, miR-31-mediated post-transcriptional regulation at the mitotic spindle may be an evolutionarily conserved regulatory paradigm of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Remsburg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kalin D Konrad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael D Testa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Nadezda Stepicheva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kelvin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Leila H Choe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shawn Polson
- Department of Computer and Informational Sciences; Plant & Soil Sciences; Biological Sciences, CBCB Bioinformatics Core Facility; Bioinformatics, Healthcare Informatics, and Data Science Network of Delaware, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jaysheel Bhavsar
- Department of Computer and Informational Sciences, University of Delaware, DE 19716, USA
| | - Hongzhan Huang
- Department of Computer and Informational Sciences, University of Delaware, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jia L Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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3
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Mellouk N, Lensen A, Lopez-Montero N, Gil M, Valenzuela C, Klinkert K, Moneron G, Swistak L, DiGregorio D, Echard A, Enninga J. Post-translational targeting of Rab35 by the effector IcsB of Shigella determines intracellular bacterial niche formation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114034. [PMID: 38568808 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Escape from the bacterial-containing vacuole (BCV) is a key step of Shigella host cell invasion. Rab GTPases subverted to in situ-formed macropinosomes in the vicinity of the BCV have been shown to promote its rupture. The involvement of the BCV itself has remained unclear. We demonstrate that Rab35 is non-canonically entrapped at the BCV. Stimulated emission depletion imaging localizes Rab35 directly on the BCV membranes before vacuolar rupture. The bacterial effector IcsB, a lysine Nε-fatty acylase, is a key regulator of Rab35-BCV recruitment, and we show post-translational acylation of Rab35 by IcsB in its polybasic region. While Rab35 and IcsB are dispensable for the first step of BCV breakage, they are needed for the unwrapping of damaged BCV remnants from Shigella. This provides a framework for understanding Shigella invasion implicating re-localization of a Rab GTPase via its bacteria-dependent post-translational modification to support the mechanical unpeeling of the BCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Mellouk
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Arthur Lensen
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Noelia Lopez-Montero
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Magdalena Gil
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Camila Valenzuela
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Kerstin Klinkert
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gael Moneron
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3571, Synapse and Circuit Dynamics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Léa Swistak
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - David DiGregorio
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3571, Synapse and Circuit Dynamics Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3691, Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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Abdullah AR, Gamal El-Din AM, El-Mahdy HA, Ismail Y, El-Husseiny AA. The crucial role of fascin-1 in the pathogenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance of breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 254:155079. [PMID: 38219494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women to be diagnosed, and it is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women globally. It is the disease that causes the most life years adjusted for disability lost among women, making it a serious worldwide health issue. Understanding and interpreting carcinogenesis and metastatic pathways is critical for curing malignancy. Fascin-1 was recognized as an actin-bundling protein with parallel, rigid bundles as a result of the cross-linking of F-actin microfilaments. Increasing levels of fascin-1 have been associated with bad prognostic profiles, aggressiveness of clinical courses, and poor survival outcomes in a variety of human malignancies. Cancer cells that overexpress fascin-1 have higher capabilities for proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. Fascin-1 is being considered as a potential target for therapy as well as a potential biomarker for diagnostics in a variety of cancer types. This review aims to provide an overview of the FSCN1 gene and its protein structure, elucidate its physiological and pathological roles, and throw light on its involvement in the initiation, development, and chemotherapeutic resistance of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Abdullah
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman M Gamal El-Din
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hesham A El-Mahdy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yahia Ismail
- Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Jejina A, Ayala Y, Beuchle D, Höhener T, Dörig RE, Vazquez-Pianzola P, Hernández G, Suter B. Role of BicDR in bristle shaft construction and support of BicD functions. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261408. [PMID: 38264934 PMCID: PMC10917063 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell polarization requires asymmetric localization of numerous mRNAs, proteins and organelles. The movement of cargo towards the minus end of microtubules mostly depends on cytoplasmic dynein motors. In the dynein-dynactin-Bicaudal-D transport machinery, Bicaudal-D (BicD) links the cargo to the motor. Here, we focus on the role of Drosophila BicD-related (BicDR, CG32137) in the development of the long bristles. Together with BicD, it contributes to the organization and stability of the actin cytoskeleton in the not-yet-chitinized bristle shaft. BicD and BicDR also support the stable expression and distribution of Rab6 and Spn-F in the bristle shaft, including the distal tip localization of Spn-F, pointing to the role of microtubule-dependent vesicle trafficking for bristle construction. BicDR supports the function of BicD, and we discuss the hypothesis whereby BicDR might transport cargo more locally, with BicD transporting cargo over long distances, such as to the distal tip. We also identified embryonic proteins that interact with BicDR and appear to be BicDR cargo. For one of them, EF1γ (also known as eEF1γ), we show that the encoding gene EF1γ interacts with BicD and BicDR in the construction of the bristles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jejina
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yeniffer Ayala
- Laboratory of Translation and Cancer, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologıá (INCan), 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dirk Beuchle
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Höhener
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ruth E. Dörig
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Greco Hernández
- Laboratory of Translation and Cancer, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologıá (INCan), 14080 Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Luo L, Wei D, Pan Y, Wang QX, Feng JX, Yu B, Kang T, Luo J, Yang J, Gao S. MFN2 suppresses clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by modulating mitochondria-dependent dephosphorylation of EGFR. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2023. [PMID: 37378422 PMCID: PMC10354417 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal renal cancer. An overwhelming increase of patients experience tumor progression and unfavorable prognosis. However, the molecular events underlying ccRCC tumorigenesis and metastasis remain unclear. Therefore, uncovering the underlying mechanisms will pave the way for developing novel therapeutic targets for ccRCC. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of mitofusin-2 (MFN2) in supressing ccRCC tumorigenesis and metastasis. METHODS The expression pattern and clinical significance of MFN2 in ccRCC were analyzed by using the Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and samples from our independent ccRCC cohort. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments, including cell proliferation, xenograft mouse models and transgenic mouse model, were used to determine the role of MFN2 in regulating the malignant behaviors of ccRCC. RNA-sequencing, mass spectrum analysis, co-immunoprecipitation, bio-layer interferometry and immunofluorescence were employed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the tumor-supressing role of MFN2. RESULTS we reported a tumor-suppressing pathway in ccRCC, characterized by mitochondria-dependent inactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. This process was mediated by the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) protein MFN2. MFN2 was down-regulated in ccRCC and associated with favorable prognosis of ccRCC patients. in vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that MFN2 inhibited ccRCC tumor growth and metastasis by suppressing the EGFR signaling pathway. In a kidney-specific knockout mouse model, loss of MFN2 led to EGFR pathway activation and malignant lesions in kidney. Mechanistically, MFN2 preferably binded small GTPase Rab21 in its GTP-loading form, which was colocalized with endocytosed EGFR in ccRCC cells. Through this EGFR-Rab21-MFN2 interaction, endocytosed EGFR was docked to mitochondria and subsequently dephosphorylated by the OMM-residing tyrosine-protein phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ). CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover an important non-canonical mitochondria-dependent pathway regulating EGFR signaling by the Rab21-MFN2-PTPRJ axis, which contributes to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Denghui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yihui Pan
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Xiong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiefeng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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7
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Jejina A, Ayala Y, Hernández G, Suter B. Role of BicDR in bristle shaft construction, tracheal development, and support of BicD functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545245. [PMID: 37398393 PMCID: PMC10312712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarization requires asymmetric localization of numerous mRNAs, proteins, and organelles. The movement of cargo towards the minus end of microtubules mostly depends on cytoplasmic dynein motors, which function as multiprotein complexes. In the dynein/dynactin/Bicaudal-D (DDB) transport machinery, Bicaudal-D (BicD) links the cargo to the motor. Here we focus on the role of BicD-related (BicDR) and its contribution to microtubule-dependent transport processes. Drosophila BicDR is required for the normal development of bristles and dorsal trunk tracheae. Together with BicD, it contributes to the organization and stability of the actin cytoskeleton in the not-yet-chitinized bristle shaft and the localization of Spn-F and Rab6 at the distal tip. We show that BicDR supports the function of BicD in bristle development and our results suggest that BicDR transports cargo more locally whereas BicD is more responsible for delivering functional cargo over the long distance to the distal tip. We identified the proteins that interact with BicDR and appear to be BicDR cargo in embryonic tissues. For one of them, EF1γ, we showed that EF1γ genetically interacts with BicD and BicDR in the construction of the bristles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jejina
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yeniffer Ayala
- Laboratory of Translation and Cancer, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologıá (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Greco Hernández
- Laboratory of Translation and Cancer, Unit of Biomedical Research on Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologıá (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beat Suter
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Maejima I, Hara T, Tsukamoto S, Koizumi H, Kawauchi T, Akuzawa T, Hirai R, Kobayashi H, Isobe I, Emoto K, Kosako H, Sato K. RAB35 is required for murine hippocampal development and functions by regulating neuronal cell distribution. Commun Biol 2023; 6:440. [PMID: 37085665 PMCID: PMC10121692 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
RAB35 is a multifunctional small GTPase that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and cytokinesis. However, its physiological functions in mammalian development remain unclear. Here, we generated Rab35-knockout mice and found that RAB35 is essential for early embryogenesis. Interestingly, brain-specific Rab35-knockout mice displayed severe defects in hippocampal lamination owing to impaired distribution of pyramidal neurons, although defects in cerebral cortex formation were not evident. In addition, Rab35-knockout mice exhibited defects in spatial memory and anxiety-related behaviors. Quantitative proteomics indicated that the loss of RAB35 significantly affected the levels of other RAB proteins associated with endocytic trafficking, as well as some neural cell adhesion molecules, such as contactin-2. Collectively, our findings revealed that RAB35 is required for precise neuronal distribution in the developing hippocampus by regulating the expression of cell adhesion molecules, thereby influencing spatial memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Maejima
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Taichi Hara
- Laboratory of Food and Life Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsukamoto
- Laboratory Animal and Genome Sciences Section, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koizumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawauchi
- Department of Adaptive and Maladaptive Responses in Health and Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoko Akuzawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Rika Hirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Hisae Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Inoya Isobe
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuo Emoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kosako
- Division of Cell Signaling, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan.
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan.
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Rajan S, Kudryashov DS, Reisler E. Actin Bundles Dynamics and Architecture. Biomolecules 2023; 13:450. [PMID: 36979385 PMCID: PMC10046292 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells use the actin cytoskeleton for many of their functions, including their division, adhesion, mechanosensing, endo- and phagocytosis, migration, and invasion. Actin bundles are the main constituent of actin-rich structures involved in these processes. An ever-increasing number of proteins that crosslink actin into bundles or regulate their morphology is being identified in cells. With recent advances in high-resolution microscopy and imaging techniques, the complex process of bundles formation and the multiple forms of physiological bundles are beginning to be better understood. Here, we review the physiochemical and biological properties of four families of highly conserved and abundant actin-bundling proteins, namely, α-actinin, fimbrin/plastin, fascin, and espin. We describe the similarities and differences between these proteins, their role in the formation of physiological actin bundles, and their properties-both related and unrelated to their bundling abilities. We also review some aspects of the general mechanism of actin bundles formation, which are known from the available information on the activity of the key actin partners involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Rajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dmitri S. Kudryashov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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10
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Francis CR, Kincross H, Kushner EJ. Rab35 governs apicobasal polarity through regulation of actin dynamics during sprouting angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5276. [PMID: 36075898 PMCID: PMC9458672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32853-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In early blood vessel development, trafficking programs, such as those using Rab GTPases, are tasked with delivering vesicular cargo with high spatiotemporal accuracy. However, the function of many Rab trafficking proteins remain ill-defined in endothelial tissue; therefore, their relevance to blood vessel development is unknown. Rab35 has been shown to play an enigmatic role in cellular behaviors which differs greatly between tissue-type and organism. Importantly, Rab35 has never been characterized for its potential contribution in sprouting angiogenesis; thus, our goal was to map Rab35’s primary function in angiogenesis. Our results demonstrate that Rab35 is critical for sprout formation; in its absence, apicobasal polarity is entirely lost in vitro and in vivo. To determine mechanism, we systematically explored established Rab35 effectors and show that none are operative in endothelial cells. However, we find that Rab35 partners with DENNd1c, an evolutionarily divergent guanine exchange factor, to localize to actin. Here, Rab35 regulates actin polymerization through limiting Rac1 and RhoA activity, which is required to set up proper apicobasal polarity during sprout formation. Our findings establish that Rab35 is a potent brake of actin remodeling during blood vessel development. The promiscuous GTPase Rab35 has been shown to be involved in many important cellular functions. In this article, Francis et al. illustrate how Rab35 acts as a critical brake to actin remodeling during sprouting angiogenesis and how it is necessary for proper blood vessel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Hayle Kincross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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11
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Ochi Y, Yamashita H, Yamada Y, Satoh T, Satoh AK. Stratum is required for both apical and basolateral transport through stable expression of Rab10 and Rab35 in Drosophila photoreceptors. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br17. [PMID: 35767331 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-Golgi transport for specific membrane domains, also termed polarized transport, is essential for the construction and maintenance of polarized cells. Highly polarized Drosophila photoreceptors serve as a good model system for studying the mechanisms underlying polarized transport. The Mss4 Drosophila ortholog, Stratum (Strat), controls basal restriction of basement membrane proteins in follicle cells, and Rab8 acts downstream of Strat. We investigated the function of Strat in fly photoreceptors and found that polarized transport in both the basolateral and the rhabdomere membrane domains was inhibited in Strat-deficient photoreceptors. We also observed 79 and 55% reductions in Rab10 and Rab35 levels, respectively, but no reduction in Rab11 levels in whole-eye homozygous clones of Stratnull. Moreover, Rab35 was localized in the rhabdomere, and loss of Rab35 resulted in impaired Rh1 transport to the rhabdomere. These results indicate that Strat is essential for the stable expression of Rab10 and Rab35, which regulate basolateral and rhabdomere transport, respectively, in fly photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ochi
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Hitomi Yamashita
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamada
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Takunori Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | - Akiko K Satoh
- Program of Life and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Integral Science for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
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12
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Tsafaras G, Baekelandt V. The role of LRRK2 in the periphery: link with Parkinson's disease and inflammatory diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 172:105806. [PMID: 35781002 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently considered a multisystemic disorder rather than a pure brain disease, in line with the multiple hit hypothesis from Braak. However, despite increasing evidence that the pathology might originate in the periphery, multiple unknown aspects and contradictory data on the pathological processes taking place in the periphery jeopardize the interpretation and therapeutic targeting of PD. Mutations in the leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene have been widely linked with familial and sporadic PD cases. However, the actual role of LRRK2 in PD pathophysiology is far from understood. There is evidence that LRRK2 may be involved in alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) pathology and immune cell regulation, but it has also been associated with inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, tuberculosis, leprosy, and several other bacterial infections. In this review, we focus on the different roles of LRRK2 in the periphery. More specifically, we discuss the involvement of LRRK2 in the propagation of α-synuclein pathology and its regulatory role in peripheral inflammation. A deeper understanding of the multidimensional functions of LRRK2 will pave the way for more accurate characterization of PD pathophysiology and its association with other inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tsafaras
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Molina E, Cataldo VF, Eggers C, Muñoz-Madrid V, Glavic Á. p53 Related Protein Kinase is Required for Arp2/3-Dependent Actin Dynamics of Hemocytes in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:859105. [PMID: 35721516 PMCID: PMC9201722 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.859105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells extend membrane protrusions like lamellipodia and filopodia from the leading edge to sense, to move and to form new contacts. The Arp2/3 complex sustains lamellipodia formation, and in conjunction with the actomyosin contractile system, provides mechanical strength to the cell. Drosophila p53-related protein kinase (Prpk), a Tsc5p ortholog, has been described as essential for cell growth and proliferation. In addition, Prpk interacts with proteins associated to actin filament dynamics such as α-spectrin and the Arp2/3 complex subunit Arpc4. Here, we investigated the role of Prpk in cell shape changes, specifically regarding actin filament dynamics and membrane protrusion formation. We found that reductions in Prpk alter cell shape and the structure of lamellipodia, mimicking the phenotypes evoked by Arp2/3 complex deficiencies. Prpk co-localize and co-immunoprecipitates with the Arp2/3 complex subunit Arpc1 and with the small GTPase Rab35. Importantly, expression of Rab35, known by its ability to recruit upstream regulators of the Arp2/3 complex, could rescue the Prpk knockdown phenotypes. Finally, we evaluated the requirement of Prpk in different developmental contexts, where it was shown to be essential for correct Arp2/3 complex distribution and actin dynamics required for hemocytes migration, recruitment, and phagocytosis during immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Molina
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente F. Cataldo
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Eggers
- Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Muñoz-Madrid
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro Glavic
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Álvaro Glavic,
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14
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Djokic S, Bakhrat A, Li M, Akbari OS, Abdu U. Scale-type-specific requirement for the mosquito Aedes aegypti Spindle-F homologue by regulating microtubule organization. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:216-224. [PMID: 34919304 PMCID: PMC10537241 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Insect epithelial cells contain unique cellular extensions such as bristles, hairs, and scales. In contrast to bristle and hair, which are not divergent in their shape, scale morphology shows high diversity. In our attempt to characterize the role of the insect-specific gene, Spindle-F (spn-F), in mosquito development, we revealed a scale-type specific requirement for the mosquito Aedes aegypti spn-F homologue. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generated Ae-spn-F mutants and found that Ae-spn-F is an essential gene, but we were able to recover a few adult escapers. These escapers could not fly nor move, and died after 3 to 4 days. We found that in Ae-spn-F mutants, only the tip part of the bristle was affected with bulbous with misoriented ribs. We also show that in Ae-spn-F mutants, only in falcate scales, which are curved with a sharp or narrowly rounded apex, and not in other scale types, the tip region is strongly affected. Our analysis also revealed that in contrast to Drosophila spn-F, which show strong defects in both the actin and microtubule (MT) network in the bristle, the Ae-spn-F gene is required only for MT organization in scales and bristles. In summary, our results reveal that Ae-spn-F is required for shaping tapered epithelial cellular extension structures, namely, the bristle and falcate scales by affecting MT organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Djokic
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Anna Bakhrat
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- Division of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Uri Abdu
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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15
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Zhang J, Jiang Z, Shi A. Rab GTPases: The principal players in crafting the regulatory landscape of endosomal trafficking. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4464-4472. [PMID: 36051867 PMCID: PMC9418685 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After endocytosis, diverse cargos are sorted into endosomes and directed to various destinations, including extracellular macromolecules, membrane lipids, and membrane proteins. Some cargos are returned to the plasma membrane via endocytic recycling. In contrast, others are delivered to the Golgi apparatus through the retrograde pathway, while the rest are transported to late endosomes and eventually to lysosomes for degradation. Rab GTPases are major regulators that ensure cargos are delivered to their proper destinations. Rabs are localized to distinct endosomes and play predominant roles in membrane budding, vesicle formation and motility, vesicle tethering, and vesicle fusion by recruiting effectors. The cascades between Rabs via shared effectors or the recruitment of Rab activators provide an additional layer of spatiotemporal regulation of endocytic trafficking. Notably, several recent studies have indicated that disorders of Rab-mediated endocytic transports are closely associated with diseases such as immunodeficiency, cancer, and neurological disorders.
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16
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Li CH, Chan MH, Liang SM, Chang YC, Hsiao M. Fascin-1: Updated biological functions and therapeutic implications in cancer biology. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100052. [PMID: 37082587 PMCID: PMC10074911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are cellular protrusions that respond to a variety of stimuli. Filopodia are formed when actin is bound to the protein Fascin, which may play a crucial role in cellular interactions and motility during cancer metastasis. Significantly, the noncanonical features of Fascin-1 are gradually being clarified, including the related molecular network contributing to metabolic reprogramming, chemotherapy resistance, stemness ac-tivity, and tumor microenvironment events. However, the relationship between biological characteristics and pathological features to identify effective therapeutic strategies needs to be studied further. The pur-pose of this review article is to provide a broad overview of the latest molecular networks and multiomics research regarding fascins and cancer. It also highlights their direct and indirect effects on available cancer treatments. With this multidisciplinary approach, researchers and clinicians can gain the most relevant in-formation on the function of fascins in cancer progression, which may facilitate clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Corresponding authors.
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17
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Belicova L, Repnik U, Delpierre J, Gralinska E, Seifert S, Valenzuela JI, Morales-Navarrete HA, Franke C, Räägel H, Shcherbinina E, Prikazchikova T, Koteliansky V, Vingron M, Kalaidzidis YL, Zatsepin T, Zerial M. Anisotropic expansion of hepatocyte lumina enforced by apical bulkheads. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212522. [PMID: 34328499 PMCID: PMC8329733 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen morphogenesis results from the interplay between molecular pathways and mechanical forces. In several organs, epithelial cells share their apical surfaces to form a tubular lumen. In the liver, however, hepatocytes share the apical surface only between adjacent cells and form narrow lumina that grow anisotropically, generating a 3D network of bile canaliculi (BC). Here, by studying lumenogenesis in differentiating mouse hepatoblasts in vitro, we discovered that adjacent hepatocytes assemble a pattern of specific extensions of the apical membrane traversing the lumen and ensuring its anisotropic expansion. These previously unrecognized structures form a pattern, reminiscent of the bulkheads of boats, also present in the developing and adult liver. Silencing of Rab35 resulted in loss of apical bulkheads and lumen anisotropy, leading to cyst formation. Strikingly, we could reengineer hepatocyte polarity in embryonic liver tissue, converting BC into epithelial tubes. Our results suggest that apical bulkheads are cell-intrinsic anisotropic mechanical elements that determine the elongation of BC during liver tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Belicova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Urska Repnik
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julien Delpierre
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elzbieta Gralinska
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Franke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Helin Räägel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Nelson Laboratories LLC, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | | | | | - Martin Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Timofei Zatsepin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Liu H, Zhang Y, Li L, Cao J, Guo Y, Wu Y, Gao W. Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 in human cancer: promising biomarker or therapeutic target? Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 20:240-264. [PMID: 33614909 PMCID: PMC7873579 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) is a highly conserved actin-bundling protein that cross links F-actin microfilaments into tight, parallel bundles. Elevated FSCN1 levels have been reported in many types of human cancers and have been correlated with aggressive clinical progression, poor prognosis, and survival outcomes. The overexpression of FSCN1 in cancer cells has been associated with tumor growth, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Currently, FSCN1 is recognized as a candidate biomarker for multiple cancer types and as a potential therapeutic target. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of the FSCN1 gene and protein structure and elucidate on its actin-bundling activity and physiological functions. The main focus was on the role of FSCN1 and its upregulatory mechanisms and significance in cancer cells. Up-to-date studies on FSCN1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers are reviewed. It is shown that FSCN1 is an unusual biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, PR China
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19
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Remsburg C, Testa M, Song JL. Rab35 regulates skeletogenesis and gastrulation by facilitating actin remodeling and vesicular trafficking. Cells Dev 2021; 165:203660. [PMID: 34024337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rab35 is a small GTPase that regulates plasma membrane to early endosome vesicular trafficking and mediates actin remodeling to form actin-rich cellular structures. While the function of Rab35 in the cellular context has been examined, its role during development has not been well studied. In this study, we take advantage of the sea urchin's high fecundity, external fertilization, and transparent embryos to determine the function of Rab35 during development. We found that loss of function of Rab35 results in defects in skeletogenesis and gastrulation, which were rescued by co-injection of sea urchin Rab35. The loss of Rab35's function results in decreased endocytosis and impaired exocytosis, which may be important for skeletogenesis and gastrulation. Skeletal spicules of Rab35 knockdown embryos have reduced organized actin compared to the control, supporting the notion that Rab35 regulates actin dynamics. In addition, the skeletal and gastrulation defects induced by Rab35 knockdown were rescued by co-injection with Fascin, an actin-bundling protein, indicating that proper actin dynamics play a critical role for both skeletogenesis and gastrulation. Overall, results indicate that through its role in mediating vesicular trafficking and actin remodeling, Rab35 is an important regulator of embryonic structure formation in early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Remsburg
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Michael Testa
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jia L Song
- University of Delaware, Department of Biological Sciences, Newark, DE, USA.
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20
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Rozés-Salvador V, González-Billault C, Conde C. The Recycling Endosome in Nerve Cell Development: One Rab to Rule Them All? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603794. [PMID: 33425908 PMCID: PMC7793921 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic recycling is an intracellular process that returns internalized molecules back to the plasma membrane and plays crucial roles not only in the reuse of receptor molecules but also in the remodeling of the different components of this membrane. This process is required for a diversity of cellular events, including neuronal morphology acquisition and functional regulation, among others. The recycling endosome (RE) is a key vesicular component involved in endocytic recycling. Recycling back to the cell surface may occur with the participation of several different Rab proteins, which are master regulators of membrane/protein trafficking in nerve cells. The RE consists of a network of interconnected and functionally distinct tubular subdomains that originate from sorting endosomes and transport their cargoes along microtubule tracks, by fast or slow recycling pathways. Different populations of REs, particularly those formed by Rab11, Rab35, and Arf6, are associated with a myriad of signaling proteins. In this review, we discuss the cumulative evidence suggesting the existence of heterogeneous domains of REs, controlling different aspects of neurogenesis, with a particular focus on the commonalities and singularities of these REs and their contribution to nerve development and differentiation in several animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rozés-Salvador
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Christian González-Billault
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Conde
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
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21
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Lamb MC, Tootle TL. Fascin in Cell Migration: More Than an Actin Bundling Protein. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110403. [PMID: 33212856 PMCID: PMC7698196 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Cell migration is an essential biological process that regulates both development and diseases, such as cancer metastasis. Therefore, understanding the factors that promote cell migration is crucial. One of the factors known to regulate cell migration is the actin-binding protein, Fascin. Fascin is typically thought to promote cell migration through bundling actin to form migratory structures such as filopodia and invadapodia. However, Fascin has many other functions in the cell that may contribute to cell migration. How these novel functions promote cell migration and are regulated is still not well understood. Here, we review the structure of Fascin, the many functions of Fascin and how they may promote cell migration, how Fascin is regulated, and Fascin’s role in diseases such as cancer metastasis. Abstract Fascin, an actin-binding protein, regulates many developmental migrations and contributes to cancer metastasis. Specifically, Fascin promotes cell motility, invasion, and adhesion by forming filopodia and invadopodia through its canonical actin bundling function. In addition to bundling actin, Fascin has non-canonical roles in the cell that are thought to promote cell migration. These non-canonical functions include regulating the activity of other actin-binding proteins, binding to and regulating microtubules, mediating mechanotransduction to the nucleus via interaction with the Linker of the Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) Complex, and localizing to the nucleus to regulate nuclear actin, the nucleolus, and chromatin modifications. The many functions of Fascin must be coordinately regulated to control cell migration. While much remains to be learned about such mechanisms, Fascin is regulated by post-translational modifications, prostaglandin signaling, protein–protein interactions, and transcriptional means. Here, we review the structure of Fascin, the various functions of Fascin and how they contribute to cell migration, the mechanisms regulating Fascin, and how Fascin contributes to diseases, specifically cancer metastasis.
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22
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Cancer-driving mutations and variants of components of the membrane trafficking core machinery. Life Sci 2020; 264:118662. [PMID: 33127517 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The core machinery for vesicular membrane trafficking broadly comprises of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complexes and SNAREs. As cellular membrane traffic modulates key processes of mitogenic signaling, cell migration, cell death and autophagy, its dysregulation could potentially results in increased cell proliferation and survival, or enhanced migration and invasion. Changes in the levels of some components of the core machinery of vesicular membrane trafficking, likely due to gene amplifications and/or alterations in epigenetic factors (such as DNA methylation and micro RNA) have been extensively associated with human cancers. Here, we provide an overview of association of membrane trafficking with cancer, with a focus on mutations and variants of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complex components and SNAREs that have been uncovered in human cancer cells/tissues. The major cellular and molecular cancer-driving or suppression mechanisms associated with these components of the core membrane trafficking machinery shall be discussed.
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23
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The Actin Bundling Protein Fascin-1 as an ACE2-Accessory Protein. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:255-263. [PMID: 32865675 PMCID: PMC7456754 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an enzyme counterbalancing the deleterious effects of angiotensin type 1 receptor activation by production of vasodilatory peptides Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-9) and Ang-(1-7), is internalized and degraded in lysosomes following chronic Ang-II treatment. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect remain unknown. In an attempt to identify the accessory proteins involved in this effect, we conducted a proteomic analysis in ACE2-transfected HEK293T cells. A single protein, fascin-1, was found to differentially interact with ACE2 after Ang-II treatment for 4 h. The interactions between fascin-1 and ACE2 were confirmed by confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. Overexpression of fascin-1 attenuates the effects of Ang-II on ACE2 activity. In contrast, downregulation of fascin-1 severely decreased ACE2 enzymatic activity. Interestingly, in brain homogenates from hypertensive mice, we observed a significant reduction of fascin-1, suggesting that the levels of this protein may change in cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, we identified fascin-1 as an ACE2-accessory protein, interacting with the enzyme in an Ang-II dependent manner and contributing to the regulation of enzyme activity.
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Sawade L, Grandi F, Mignanelli M, Patiño-López G, Klinkert K, Langa-Vives F, Di Guardo R, Echard A, Bolino A, Haucke V. Rab35-regulated lipid turnover by myotubularins represses mTORC1 activity and controls myelin growth. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2835. [PMID: 32503983 PMCID: PMC7275063 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) represent a broad group of disorders including Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies characterized by defects primarily arising in myelin, axons, or both. The molecular mechanisms by which mutations in nearly 100 identified IPN/CMT genes lead to neuropathies are poorly understood. Here we show that the Ras-related GTPase Rab35 controls myelin growth via complex formation with the myotubularin-related phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-phosphatases MTMR13 and MTMR2, encoded by genes responsible for CMT-types 4B2 and B1 in humans, and found that it downregulates lipid-mediated mTORC1 activation, a pathway known to crucially regulate myelin biogenesis. Targeted disruption of Rab35 leads to hyperactivation of mTORC1 signaling caused by elevated levels of PI 3-phosphates and to focal hypermyelination in vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate synthesis or mTORC1 signaling ameliorates this phenotype. These findings reveal a crucial role for Rab35-regulated lipid turnover by myotubularins to repress mTORC1 activity and to control myelin growth. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is an inherited peripheral neuropathy. Here, the authors show that Rab35 forms a complex with genes implicated in CMT, MTMR13 and MTMR2, which regulates myelin growth by controlling mTORC1 signaling through lipid turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sawade
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Federica Grandi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Mignanelli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Genaro Patiño-López
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez. C.P, 06720, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Kerstin Klinkert
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691, CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Francina Langa-Vives
- Centre d'Ingénierie Génétique Murine, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Di Guardo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691, CNRS, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Alessandra Bolino
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (InSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany. .,Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Pfisterer K, Levitt J, Lawson CD, Marsh RJ, Heddleston JM, Wait E, Ameer-Beg SM, Cox S, Parsons M. FMNL2 regulates dynamics of fascin in filopodia. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201906111. [PMID: 32294157 PMCID: PMC7199847 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Filopodia are peripheral F-actin-rich structures that enable cell sensing of the microenvironment. Fascin is an F-actin-bundling protein that plays a key role in stabilizing filopodia to support efficient adhesion and migration. Fascin is also highly up-regulated in human cancers, where it increases invasive cell behavior and correlates with poor patient prognosis. Previous studies have shown that fascin phosphorylation can regulate F-actin bundling, and that this modification can contribute to subcellular fascin localization and function. However, the factors that regulate fascin dynamics within filopodia remain poorly understood. In the current study, we used advanced live-cell imaging techniques and a fascin biosensor to demonstrate that fascin phosphorylation, localization, and binding to F-actin are highly dynamic and dependent on local cytoskeletal architecture in cells in both 2D and 3D environments. Fascin dynamics within filopodia are under the control of formins, and in particular FMNL2, that binds directly to dephosphorylated fascin. Our data provide new insight into control of fascin dynamics at the nanoscale and into the mechanisms governing rapid cytoskeletal adaptation to environmental changes. This filopodia-driven exploration stage may represent an essential regulatory step in the transition from static to migrating cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pfisterer
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - James Levitt
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
- Microscopy Innovation Centre, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Campbell D. Lawson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - John M. Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Centre, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA
| | - Eric Wait
- Advanced Imaging Centre, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA
| | - Simon Morris Ameer-Beg
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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Misiura M, Zińczuk J, Zaręba K, Kamińska D, Guzińska-Ustymowicz K, Pryczynicz A. Actin-Bundling Proteins (Actinin-4 and Fascin-1) are Involved in the Development of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN). Am J Med Sci 2019; 359:147-155. [PMID: 31889512 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin-1 and actinin-4 are involved in key processes of tumor cell adhesion, migration and metastasis. Actinin-4 plays an important role in promotion of cell proliferation, whereas fascin-1 regulates cellular motility. Its over-expression leads to the loss of cell adhesion and metastasis. The aim of our study was to assess fascin-1 and actinin-4 expression in normal pancreatic ducts and in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) - precursor lesion of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 70 patients treated surgically due to PDAC, cysts and pancreatitis, who had also been diagnosed with pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Fascin-1 and actinin-4 expressions were evaluated using the immunohistochemistry method. RESULTS A statistically significant relationship was observed between the expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 (cytoplasmic) and patients' age (P = 0.01, P = 0.002, respectively). The expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 was associated with the diagnosis (P <0.001, P = 0.04, respectively). Statistical analysis revealed correlations of fascin-1 and actinin-4 expressions with the presence and grade of PanIN (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively). The expression of these proteins was observed in each degree of PanIN and increased with the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia progression. CONCLUSIONS The expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 is connected with the degree of PanIN advancement and depends on the type of the primary disease. Overexpression of these proteins may be linked to cytological and architectural abnormalities observed in advanced PanIN. Elevated expression of fascin-1 and actinin-4 indicates the role of these proteins in the progression from PanIN to PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Konrad Zaręba
- 2nd Clinical Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dorota Kamińska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Independent Public Health Care Unit of the Provincial Hospital Jędrzej Śniadecki in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Haley R, Zhou Z. The small GTPase RAB-35 facilitates the initiation of phagosome maturation and acts as a robustness factor for apoptotic cell clearance. Small GTPases 2019; 12:188-201. [PMID: 31607221 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1680066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified the novel function of the small GTPase RAB-35 in apoptotic cell clearance in Caenorhabditis elegans, a process in which dying cells are engulfed and degraded inside phagosomes. We have found that RAB-35 functions in two separate steps of cell corpse clearance, cell corpse recognition and the initiation of phagosome maturation. During the latter process, RAB-35 facilitates the removal of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) from the membranes of nascent phagosomes and the simultaneous production of phosphatidylinositol-3-P (PI(3)P) on these same membranes, a process that we have coined the PI(4,5)P2 to PI(3)P shift. RAB-35 also promotes the recruitment of the small GTPase RAB-5 to the phagosomal surface. During these processes, the activity of RAB-35 is controlled by the candidate GTPase-activating protein (GAP) TBC-10 and the candidate guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) FLCN-1. Overall, RAB-35 leads a third pathway during cell corpse clearance that functions in parallel to the two known pathways, one led by the phagocytic receptor CED-1 and the other led by the CED-10/Rac1 GTPase. Here, we further report that RAB-35 acts as a robustness factor that maintains the clearance activity and embryonic viability under conditions of heat stress. Moreover, we obtained additional evidence suggesting that RAB-35 acts upstream of RAB-5 and RAB-7. To establish a precise temporal pattern for its own dissociation from phagosomal surfaces, RAB-35 controls the removal of its own GAP. We propose that RAB-35 defines a largely unexplored initial phase of phagosome maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Haley
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Liu H, Cui J, Zhang Y, Niu M, Xue X, Yin H, Tang Y, Dai L, Dai F, Guo Y, Wu Y, Gao W. Mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis of FSCN1‐interacting proteins in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1771-1784. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Jiajia Cui
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Xuting Xue
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Hongyu Yin
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yemei Tang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Li Dai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Fengsheng Dai
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Yongyan Wu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck CancerShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Research InstituteShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
- The Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer, Shanxi ProvinceShanxi Medical University Taiyuan China
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29
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Zhang Y, Wan X, Wang HH, Pan MH, Pan ZN, Sun SC. RAB35 depletion affects spindle formation and actin-based spindle migration in mouse oocyte meiosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 25:359-372. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte maturation involves a unique asymmetric cell division, in which meiotic spindle formation and actin filament-mediated spindle migration to the oocyte cortex are key processes. Here, we report that the vesicle trafficking regulator, RAB35 GTPase, is involved in regulating cytoskeleton dynamics in mouse oocytes. RAB35 GTPase mainly accumulated at the meiotic spindle periphery and cortex during oocyte meiosis. Depletion of RAB35 by morpholino microinjection led to aberrant polar body extrusion and asymmetric division defects in almost half the treated oocytes. We also found that RAB35 affected SIRT2 and αTAT for tubulin acetylation, which further modulated microtubule stability and meiotic spindle formation. Additionally, we found that RAB35 associated with RHOA in oocytes and modulated the ROCK–cofilin pathway for actin assembly, which further facilitated spindle migration for oocyte asymmetric division. Importantly, microinjection of Myc-Rab35 cRNA into RAB35-depleted oocytes could significantly rescue these defects. In summary, our results suggest that RAB35 GTPase has multiple roles in spindle stability and actin-mediated spindle migration in mouse oocyte meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Vorontsova YE, Zavoloka EL, Cherezov RO, Simonova OB. Drosophila as a Model System Used for Searching the Genes, Signaling Pathways, and Mechanisms Controlling Cytoskeleton Formation. Russ J Dev Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360419010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Parakh S, Perri ER, Jagaraj CJ, Ragagnin AMG, Atkin JD. Rab-dependent cellular trafficking and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 53:623-651. [PMID: 30741580 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1553926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rab GTPases are becoming increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, although their role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been somewhat overlooked. However, dysfunction of intracellular transport is gaining increasing attention as a pathogenic mechanism in ALS. Many previous studies have focused axonal trafficking, and the extreme length of axons in motor neurons may contribute to their unique susceptibility in this disorder. In contrast, the role of transport defects within the cell body has been relatively neglected. Similarly, whilst Rab GTPases control all intracellular membrane trafficking events, their role in ALS is poorly understood. Emerging evidence now highlights this family of proteins in ALS, particularly the discovery that C9orf72 functions in intra transport in conjunction with several Rab GTPases. Here, we summarize recent updates on cellular transport defects in ALS, with a focus on Rab GTPases and how their dysfunction may specifically target neurons and contribute to pathophysiology. We discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with dysfunction of Rab proteins in ALS. Finally, we also discuss dysfunction in other modes of transport recently implicated in ALS, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and the ER-mitochondrial contact regions (MAM compartment), and speculate whether these may also involve Rab GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parakh
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - E R Perri
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - C J Jagaraj
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - A M G Ragagnin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - J D Atkin
- a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for MND Research , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b Department of Biochemistry and Genetics , La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia
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32
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Lin L, Shi Y, Wang M, Wang C, Zhu J, Zhang R. Rab35/ACAP2 and Rab35/RUSC2 Complex Structures Reveal Molecular Basis for Effector Recognition by Rab35 GTPase. Structure 2019; 27:729-740.e3. [PMID: 30905672 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rab35, a master regulator of membrane trafficking, regulates diverse cellular processes and is associated with various human diseases. Although a number of effectors have been identified, the molecular basis of Rab35-effector interactions remains unclear. Here, we provide the high-resolution crystal structures of Rab35 in complex with its two specific effectors ACAP2 and RUSC2, respectively. In the Rab35/ACAP2 complex structure, Rab35 binds to the terminal ankyrin repeat and a C-terminal extended α helix of ACAP2, revealing a previously uncharacterized binding mode both for Rabs and ankyrin repeats. In the Rab35/RUSC2 complex structure, Arg1015 of RUSC2 functions as a "pseudo-arginine finger" that stabilizes the GTP-bound Rab35, thus facilitating the assembly of Rab35/RUSC2 complex. The structural analysis allows us to design specific Rab35 mutants capable of eliminating Rab35/ACAP2 and Rab35/RUSC2 interactions, but not interfering with other effector bindings. The atomic structures also offer possible explanations to disease-associated mutants identified at the Rab35-effector interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Science Research Center, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yingdong Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Science Research Center, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Science Research Center, 333 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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33
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Bulek K, Chen X, Parron V, Sundaram A, Herjan T, Ouyang S, Liu C, Majors A, Zepp J, Gao J, Dongre A, Bodaszewska-Lubas M, Echard A, Aronica M, Carman J, Garantziotis S, Sheppard D, Li X. IL-17A Recruits Rab35 to IL-17R to Mediate PKCα-Dependent Stress Fiber Formation and Airway Smooth Muscle Contractility. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1540-1548. [PMID: 30683702 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A is a critical proinflammatory cytokine for the pathogenesis of asthma including neutrophilic pulmonary inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. In this study, by cell type-specific deletion of IL-17R and adaptor Act1, we demonstrated that IL-17R/Act1 exerts a direct impact on the contraction of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Mechanistically, IL-17A induced the recruitment of Rab35 (a small monomeric GTPase) and DennD1C (guanine nucleotide exchange factor [GEF]) to the IL-17R/Act1 complex in ASMCs, resulting in activation of Rab35. Rab35 knockdown showed that IL-17A-induced Rab35 activation was essential for protein kinase Cα (PKCα) activation and phosphorylation of fascin at Ser39 in ASMCs, allowing F-actin to interact with myosin to form stress fibers and enhance the contraction induced by methacholine. PKCα inhibitor or Rab35 knockdown indeed substantially reduced IL-17A-induced stress fiber formation in ASMCs and attenuated IL-17A-enhanced, methacholine-induced contraction of airway smooth muscle. Taken together, these data indicate that IL-17A promotes airway smooth muscle contraction via direct recruitment of Rab35 to IL-17R, followed by PKCα activation and stress fiber formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195; .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Vandy Parron
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Aparna Sundaram
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Tomasz Herjan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195.,Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Suidong Ouyang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Alana Majors
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jarod Zepp
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ji Gao
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543; and
| | - Ashok Dongre
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543; and
| | - Malgorzata Bodaszewska-Lubas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Mark Aronica
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Julie Carman
- Discovery Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ 08543; and
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Lung Biology Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195;
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Coordinated Regulation of Intracellular Fascin Distribution Governs Tumor Microvesicle Release and Invasive Cell Capacity. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00264-18. [PMID: 30397076 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00264-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell invasion is one result of the bidirectional interactions occurring between tumor cells and the surrounding milieu. The ability of tumor cells to invade through the extracellular matrix is in part regulated by the formation of a class of protease-loaded extracellular vesicles, called tumor microvesicles (TMVs), which are released directly from the cell surface. Here we show that the actin bundling protein, fascin, redistributes to the cell periphery in a ternary complex with podocalyxin and ezrin, where it promotes TMV release. The peripheral localization of fascin is prompted by the loss of Rab35 signaling, which in turn unleashes ARF6 activation. The result is a mechanism through which Rab35 and ARF6 cooperatively and simultaneously regulate the distribution and localization of fascin and promote oncogenic signaling, which leads to TMV release while inhibiting invadopodium formation. These studies are clinically significant as fascin-loaded TMVs can be detected in bodily fluids and elevated fascin expression coupled with low Rab35 levels correlates with poor overall survival in some cancers.
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35
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Ye B, Duan B, Deng W, Wang Y, Chen Y, Cui J, Sun S, Zhang Y, Du J, Gu L, Lin L, Tang Y. EGF Stimulates Rab35 Activation and Gastric Cancer Cell Migration by Regulating DENND1A-Grb2 Complex Formation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1343. [PMID: 30524285 PMCID: PMC6261971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to reveal the specific molecular mechanisms by which DENND1A accepts EGF signaling and activates Rab35 in gastric cancer. Methods: The expression of proteins related to DENND1A was examined by western blot analysis. Activation of Rab35 was assessed by GST-pulldown. The interaction of DENND1A and Grb2 was assessed by GST-pulldown and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The relationship between DENND1A and cell migration and invasion was detected using wound healing and transwell by gene overexpression and RNA interference. Results: EGF stimulation significantly promoted cell migration, whereas transfection with siRab35 partially inhibited EGF-promoted cell migration. DENND1A is also involved in these processes and active Rab35. Moreover, DENND1A binds to the N-terminal and C-terminal SH3 domains of Grb2 through PRD. Of special interest is the observation that EGFR can recruit Grb2-DENND1A complex under EGF stimulation. Further results reveal that the higher the expression of DENND1A, the shorter progression-free survival of gastric cancer patients. Conclusion: In summary, we confirmed that EGF-Grb2-DENND1A-Rab35 signaling pathway with the interaction of DENND1A and Grb2 as a regulatory center could regulate gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. Ultimately, the expression level of DENND1A predicts the survival status of gastric cancer patients and may become one of the important targets for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixing Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Duan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Deng
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Haley R, Wang Y, Zhou Z. The small GTPase RAB-35 defines a third pathway that is required for the recognition and degradation of apoptotic cells. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007558. [PMID: 30138370 PMCID: PMC6107108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In metazoans, apoptotic cells are swiftly engulfed by phagocytes and degraded inside phagosomes. Multiple small GTPases in the Rab family are known to function in phagosome maturation by regulating vesicle trafficking. We discovered rab-35 as a new gene important for apoptotic cell clearance from a genetic screen targeting putative Rab GTPases in Caenorhabditis elegans. We further identified TBC-10 as a putative GTPase-activating protein (GAP), and FLCN-1 and RME-4 as two putative Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors (GEFs), for RAB-35. We found that RAB-35 was required for the efficient incorporation of early endosomes to phagosomes and for the timely degradation of apoptotic cell corpses. More specifically, RAB-35 promotes two essential events that initiate phagosome maturation: the switch of phagosomal membrane phosphatidylinositol species from PtdIns(4,5)P2 to PtdIns(3)P, and the recruitment of the small GTPase RAB-5 to phagosomal surfaces. These functions of RAB-35 were previously unknown. Remarkably, although the phagocytic receptor CED-1 regulates these same events, RAB-35 and CED-1 appear to function independently. Upstream of degradation, RAB-35 also facilitates the recognition of apoptotic cells independently of the known CED-1 and CED-5 pathways. RAB-35 localizes to extending pseudopods and is further enriched on nascent phagosomes, consistent with its dual roles in regulating apoptotic cell-recognition and phagosome maturation. Epistasis analyses indicate that rab-35 acts in parallel to both of the canonical ced-1/6/7 and ced-2/5/10/12 clearance pathways. We propose that RAB-35 acts as a robustness factor, defining a novel pathway that aids these canonical pathways in both the recognition and degradation of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Haley
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ying Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Rocheleau CE. C. elegans RAB-35: Dual roles in apoptotic cell clearance. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007534. [PMID: 30138327 PMCID: PMC6107104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E. Rocheleau
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Program in Metabolic Disorders and Complications, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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38
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Kjos I, Vestre K, Guadagno NA, Borg Distefano M, Progida C. Rab and Arf proteins at the crossroad between membrane transport and cytoskeleton dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1397-1409. [PMID: 30021127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular movement and positioning of organelles and vesicles is mediated by the cytoskeleton and molecular motors. Small GTPases like Rab and Arf proteins are main regulators of intracellular transport by connecting membranes to cytoskeleton motors or adaptors. However, it is becoming clear that interactions between these small GTPases and the cytoskeleton are important not only for the regulation of membrane transport. In this review, we will cover our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the connection between Rab and Arf GTPases and the cytoskeleton, with special emphasis on the double role of these interactions, not only in membrane trafficking but also in membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the most recent findings about the fine control mechanisms of crosstalk between different members of Rab, Arf, and Rho families of small GTPases in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kjos
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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39
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Villagomez FR, Medina-Contreras O, Cerna-Cortes JF, Patino-Lopez G. The role of the oncogenic Rab35 in cancer invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion, especially in leukemia. Small GTPases 2018; 11:334-345. [PMID: 29781368 PMCID: PMC7549652 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1463895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of cancer has allowed researchers to describe some biological characteristics that tumor cells acquire during their development, known as the “hallmarks of cancer” but more research is needed to expand our knowledge about cancer biology and to generate new strategies of treatment. The role that RabGTPases might play in some hallmarks of cancer represents interesting areas of study since these proteins are frequently altered in cancer. However, their participation is not well known. Recently, Rab35was recognized as an oncogenic RabGTPase and and because of its association with different cellular functions, distinctly important in immune cells, a possible role of Rab35 in leukemia can be suggested. Nevertheless, the involvement of Rab35 in cancer remains poorly understood and its possible specific role in leukemia remains unknown. In this review, we analyze general aspects of the participation of RabGTPases in cancer, and especially, the plausible role of Rab35 in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian R Villagomez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México.,Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Oscar Medina-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jorge Francisco Cerna-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas , Ciudad de México, México
| | - Genaro Patino-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez , Ciudad de México, México
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40
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Jeong GR, Jang EH, Bae JR, Jun S, Kang HC, Park CH, Shin JH, Yamamoto Y, Tanaka-Yamamoto K, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Hur EM, Lee BD. Dysregulated phosphorylation of Rab GTPases by LRRK2 induces neurodegeneration. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:8. [PMID: 29439717 PMCID: PMC5811984 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of familial and sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Elevated kinase activity is associated with LRRK2 toxicity, but the substrates that mediate neurodegeneration remain poorly defined. Given the increasing evidence suggesting a role of LRRK2 in membrane and vesicle trafficking, here we systemically screened Rab GTPases, core regulators of vesicular dynamics, as potential substrates of LRRK2 and investigated the functional consequence of such phosphorylation in cells and in vivo. Methods In vitro LRRK2 kinase assay with forty-five purified human Rab GTPases was performed to identify Rab family proteins as substrates of LRRK2. We identified the phosphorylation site by tandem mass-spectrometry and confirmed it by assessing phosphorylation in the in vitro LRRK2 kinase assay and in cells. Effects of Rab phosphorylation on neurodegeneration were examined in primary cultures and in vivo by intracranial injection of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) expressing wild-type or phosphomutants of Rab35. Results Our screening revealed that LRRK2 phosphorylated several Rab GTPases at a conserved threonine residue in the switch II region, and by using the kinase-inactive LRRK2-D1994A and the pathogenic LRRK2-G2019S along with Rab proteins in which the LRRK2 site was mutated, we verified that a subset of Rab proteins, including Rab35, were authentic substrates of LRRK2 both in vitro and in cells. We also showed that phosphorylation of Rab regulated GDP/GTP-binding property in cells. Moreover, in primary cortical neurons, mutation of the LRRK2 site in several Rabs caused neurotoxicity, which was most severely induced by phosphomutants of Rab35. Furthermore, intracranial injection of the AAV-Rab35 -T72A or AAV-Rab35-T72D into the substantia nigra substantially induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Conclusions Here we show that a subset of Rab GTPases are authentic substrates of LRRK2 both in vitro and in cells. We also provide evidence that dysregulation of Rab phosphorylation in the LRRK2 site induces neurotoxicity in primary neurons and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in vivo. Our study suggests that Rab GTPases might mediate LRRK2 toxicity in the progression of PD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0240-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Ram Jeong
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hae Jang
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Ryul Bae
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Jun
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho Chul Kang
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Joo-Ho Shin
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Single Cell Network Research Center, SungKyunKwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Center for Functional Connectomics, KIST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for Functional Connectomics, KIST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell Program, Institute for Cell Engineering and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Eun-Mi Hur
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea. .,Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, South Korea. .,Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Byoung Dae Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
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41
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Zheng J, Duan B, Sun S, Cui J, Du J, Zhang Y. Folliculin Interacts with Rab35 to Regulate EGF-Induced EGFR Degradation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:688. [PMID: 29018350 PMCID: PMC5622982 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and Hypothesis: This study aims to investigate the mechanism involved in intracellular regulation of EGFR degradation induced by EGF. Methods: Phosphorylation of proteins related to EGFR signaling was examined by western blot analysis. Activation, connection between Rab35 and folliculin (FLCN) were assessed by pulldown, coimmunoprecipitation assays separately. The relationship between FLCN and cell growth was detected using gene overexpression and knock-down techniques. Results: Here, we demonstrate that interfering with FLCN, a tumor suppressor, reduces the rate of EGF-induced EGFR degradation, resulting in prolonged activation of downstream signaling. Rab35 is also involved in these processes. Moreover, C-terminal of FLCN binds to and activates Rab35. Of special interest is the observation that erlotinib, a selective EGFR inhibitor, not only obstructs the EGFR-mediated cellular signaling, but also abolishes EGF-stimulated EGFR degradation. Further results reveal that EGF facilitates the activation of Rab35, and FLCN modulates EGF-dependent Rab35 activation and cell growth. Conclusions: Taken together, our study proposes a negative-feedback regulation model in which FLCN mediates EGF-induced Rab35 activation, thereby increasing EGFR degradation and attenuating EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Zheng
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Duan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Functional Analysis of a Novel β-(1,3)-Glucanase from Corallococcus sp. Strain EGB Containing a Fascin-Like Module. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28625980 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01016-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel β-(1,3)-glucanase gene designated lamC, cloned from Corallococcus sp. strain EGB, contains a fascin-like module and a glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16) catalytic module. LamC displays broad hydrolytic activity toward various polysaccharides. Analysis of the hydrolytic products revealed that LamC is an exo-acting enzyme on β-(1,3)(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-linked glucan substrates and an endo-acting enzyme on β-(1,4)-linked glucan and xylan substrates. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved catalytic Glu residues (E304A and E309A) demonstrated that these activities were derived from the same active site. Excision of the fascin-like module resulted in decreased activity toward β-(1,3)(1,3)-linked glucans. The carbohydrate-binding assay showed that the fascin-like module was a novel β-(1,3)-linked glucan-binding module. The functional characterization of the fascin-like module and catalytic module will help us better understand these enzymes and modules.IMPORTANCE In this report of a bacterial β-(1,3)(1,3)-glucanase containing a fascin-like module, we reveal the β-(1,3)(1,3)-glucan-binding function of the fascin-like module present in the N terminus of LamC. LamC displays exo-β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucanase and endo-β-(1,4)-glucanase/xylanase activities with a single catalytic domain. Thus, LamC was identified as a novel member of the GH16 family.
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Ramadass M, Catz SD. Molecular mechanisms regulating secretory organelles and endosomes in neutrophils and their implications for inflammation. Immunol Rev 2017; 273:249-65. [PMID: 27558339 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils constitute the first line of cellular defense against invading microorganisms and modulate the subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses. In order to execute a rapid and precise response to infections, neutrophils rely on preformed effector molecules stored in a variety of intracellular granules. Neutrophil granules contain microbicidal factors, the membrane-bound components of the respiratory burst oxidase, membrane-bound adhesion molecules, and receptors that facilitate the execution of all neutrophil functions including adhesion, transmigration, phagocytosis, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation. The rapid mobilization of intracellular organelles is regulated by vesicular trafficking mechanisms controlled by effector molecules that include small GTPases and their interacting proteins. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries of mechanistic processes that are at center stage of the regulation of neutrophil function, highlighting the discrete and selective pathways controlled by trafficking modulators. In particular, we describe novel pathways controlled by the Rab27a effectors JFC1 and Munc13-4 in the regulation of degranulation, reactive oxygen species and neutrophil extracellular trap production, and endolysosomal signaling. Finally, we discuss the importance of understanding these molecular mechanisms in order to design novel approaches to modulate neutrophil-mediated inflammatory processes in a targeted fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalakshmi Ramadass
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sergio D Catz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Rab35 Functions in Axon Elongation Are Regulated by P53-Related Protein Kinase in a Mechanism That Involves Rab35 Protein Degradation and the Microtubule-Associated Protein 1B. J Neurosci 2017; 36:7298-313. [PMID: 27383602 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4064-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rab35 is a key protein for cargo loading in the recycling endosome. In neuronal immortalized cells, Rab35 promotes neurite differentiation. Here we describe that Rab35 favors axon elongation in rat primary neurons in an activity-dependent manner. In addition, we show that the p53-related protein kinase (PRPK) negatively regulates axonal elongation by reducing Rab35 protein levels through the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. PRPK-induced Rab35 degradation is regulated by its interaction with microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), a microtubule stabilizing binding protein essential for axon elongation. Consistently, axon defects found in MAP1B knock-out neurons were reversed by Rab35 overexpression or PRPK inactivation suggesting an epistatic relationship among these proteins. These results define a novel mechanism to support axonal elongation, by which MAP1B prevents PRPK-induced Rab35 degradation. Such a mechanism allows Rab35-mediated axonal elongation and connects the regulation of actin dynamics with membrane trafficking. In addition, our study reveals for the first time that the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway regulates a Rab GTPase. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Rab35 is required for axonal outgrowth. We define that its protein levels are negatively regulated by p53-related protein kinase (PRPK). We show that microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) interacts with PRPK, preventing PRPK-dependent Rab35 proteasome degradation. We demonstrate that Rab35 regulates Cdc42 activity in neurons. This is the first evidence showing that a Rab protein is regulated by degradation dependent on the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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45
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Jayo A, Malboubi M, Antoku S, Chang W, Ortiz-Zapater E, Groen C, Pfisterer K, Tootle T, Charras G, Gundersen GG, Parsons M. Fascin Regulates Nuclear Movement and Deformation in Migrating Cells. Dev Cell 2017; 38:371-83. [PMID: 27554857 PMCID: PMC4997957 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fascin is an F-actin-bundling protein shown to stabilize filopodia and regulate adhesion dynamics in migrating cells, and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential in a number of cancers. Here, we identified the nuclear envelope protein nesprin-2 as a binding partner for fascin in a range of cell types in vitro and in vivo. Nesprin-2 interacts with fascin through a direct, F-actin-independent interaction, and this binding is distinct and separable from a role for fascin within filopodia at the cell periphery. Moreover, disrupting the interaction between fascin and nesprin-2 C-terminal domain leads to specific defects in F-actin coupling to the nuclear envelope, nuclear movement, and the ability of cells to deform their nucleus to invade through confined spaces. Together, our results uncover a role for fascin that operates independently of filopodia assembly to promote efficient cell migration and invasion. Fascin binds directly to nesprin-2 at the nuclear envelope Fascin-nesprin-2 binding occurs independently of fascin-actin bundling The fascin-nesprin-2 complex regulates nuclear movement in migration Uncoupling the fascin-nesprin complex reduces nuclear deformation and cell invasion
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Jayo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Majid Malboubi
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Susumu Antoku
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Christopher Groen
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Karin Pfisterer
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Tina Tootle
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1H 0AH, UK; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gregg G Gundersen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guys Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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Abstract
The regulation of nuclear shape and deformability is a key factor in controlling diverse events from embryonic development to cancer cell metastasis, but the mechanisms governing this process are still unclear. Our recent study demonstrated an unexpected role for the F-actin bundling protein fascin in controlling nuclear plasticity through a direct interaction with Nesprin-2. Nesprin-2 is a component of the LINC complex that is known to couple the F-actin cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope. We demonstrated that fascin, which is predominantly associated with peripheral F-actin rich filopodia, binds directly to Nesprin-2 at the nuclear envelope in a range of cell types. Depleting fascin or specifically blocking the fascin-Nesprin-2 complex leads to defects in nuclear polarization, movement and cell invasion. These studies reveal a novel role for an F-actin bundling protein in control of nuclear plasticity and underline the importance of defining nuclear-associated roles for F-actin binding proteins in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Pfisterer
- a Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London, New Hunts House , Guys Campus, London , UK
| | - Asier Jayo
- a Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London, New Hunts House , Guys Campus, London , UK.,b Department of Basic Sciences , Physiology Unit, San Pablo CEU University , Monteprincipe Campus, Madrid , Spain
| | - Maddy Parsons
- a Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics , King's College London, New Hunts House , Guys Campus, London , UK
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Otani T, Ogura Y, Misaki K, Maeda T, Kimpara A, Yonemura S, Hayashi S. IKKε inhibits PKC to promote Fascin-dependent actin bundling. Development 2016; 143:3806-3816. [PMID: 27578797 PMCID: PMC5087637 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling molecules have pleiotropic functions and are activated by various extracellular stimuli. Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated by diverse receptors, and its dysregulation is associated with diseases including cancer. However, how the undesired activation of PKC is prevented during development remains poorly understood. We have previously shown that a protein kinase, IKKε, is active at the growing bristle tip and regulates actin bundle organization during Drosophila bristle morphogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that IKKε regulates the actin bundle localization of a dynamic actin cross-linker, Fascin. IKKε inhibits PKC, thereby protecting Fascin from inhibitory phosphorylation. Excess PKC activation is responsible for the actin bundle defects in IKKε-deficient bristles, whereas PKC is dispensable for bristle morphogenesis in wild-type bristles, indicating that PKC is repressed by IKKε in wild-type bristle cells. These results suggest that IKKε prevents excess activation of PKC during bristle morphogenesis. Summary: The protein kinase IKKϵ is active at the growing tip of Drosophila bristles and prevents excess PKC activation during bristle actin bundle organization and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhisa Otani
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ogura
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Misaki
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Akiyo Kimpara
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hayashi
- Laboratory for Morphogenetic Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan .,Department of Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Science, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Lou J, Rossy J, Deng Q, Pageon SV, Gaus K. New Insights into How Trafficking Regulates T Cell Receptor Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:77. [PMID: 27508206 PMCID: PMC4960267 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that exocytosis plays an important role in regulating T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. The trafficking molecules involved in lytic granule (LG) secretion in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been well-studied due to the immune disorder known as familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH). However, the knowledge of trafficking machineries regulating the exocytosis of receptors and signaling molecules remains quite limited. In this review, we summarize the reported trafficking molecules involved in the transport of the TCR and downstream signaling molecules to the cell surface. By combining this information with the known knowledge of LG exocytosis and general exocytic trafficking machinery, we attempt to draw a more complete picture of how the TCR signaling network and exocytic trafficking matrix are interconnected to facilitate T cell activation. This also highlights how membrane compartmentalization facilitates the spatiotemporal organization of cellular responses that are essential for immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Lou
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jérémie Rossy
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiji Deng
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie V Pageon
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
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Deng W, Wang Y, Gu L, Duan B, Cui J, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Sun S, Dong J, Du J. MICAL1 controls cell invasive phenotype via regulating oxidative stress in breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:489. [PMID: 27430308 PMCID: PMC4950114 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecules Interacting with CasL (MICAL1), a multidomain flavoprotein monoxygenase, is strongly involved in the mechanisms that promote cancer cell proliferation and survival. Activation of MICAL1 causes an up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HeLa cells. ROS can function as a signaling molecule that modulates protein phosphorylation, leading to malignant phenotypes of cancer cells such as invasion and metastasis. Herein, we tested whether MICAL1 could control cell migration and invasion through regulating ROS in breast cancer cell lines. Methods The effects of depletion/overexperssion of MICAL1 on cell invasion rate were measured by matrigel-based transwell assays. The contents of ROS in breast cancer cells were evaluated by CM2-DCFHDA staining and enhanced lucigenin chemiluminescence method. RAB35 activity was assessed by pulldown assay. The relationship of RAB35 and MICAL1 was evaluated by immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and co-transfection techniques. Immunoblotting assays were also used to analyze Akt phosphorylation level. Results In this study, we found that depletion of MICAL1 reduced cell migration and invasion as well as ROS generation. Phosphorylation of Akt was also attenuated by MICAL1 depletion. Likewise, the over-expression of MICAL1 augmented the generation of ROS, increased Akt phosphorylation, and favored invasive phenotype of breast cancer cells. Moreover, we investigated the effect of EGF signaling on MICAL1 function. We demonstrated that EGF increased RAB35 activation and activated form of RAB35 could bind to MICAL1. Silencing of RAB35 repressed ROS generation, prevented Akt phosphorylation and inhibited cell invasion in response to EGF. Conclusions Taken together, our results provide evidence that MICAL1 plays an essential role in the activation of ROS/Akt signaling and cell invasive phenotype and identify a novel link between RAB35 and MICAL1 in regulating breast cancer cell invasion. These findings may provide a basis for designing future therapeutic strategy for blocking breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Deng
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yueyuan Wang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Luo Gu
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Biao Duan
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Shixiu Sun
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China. .,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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50
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Klinkert K, Echard A. Rab35 GTPase: A Central Regulator of Phosphoinositides and F-actin in Endocytic Recycling and Beyond. Traffic 2016; 17:1063-77. [PMID: 27329675 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rab35 is one of the first discovered members of the large Rab GTPase family, yet it received little attention for 10 years being considered merely as a Rab1-like GTPase. In 2006, Rab35 was recognized as a unique Rab GTPase localized both at the plasma membrane and on endosomes, playing essential roles in endocytic recycling and cytokinesis. Since then, Rab35 has become one of the most studied Rabs involved in a growing number of cellular functions, including endosomal trafficking, exosome release, phagocytosis, cell migration, immunological synapse formation and neurite outgrowth. Recently, Rab35 has been acknowledged as an oncogenic GTPase with activating mutations being found in cancer patients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of known Rab35-dependent cellular functions and detail the few Rab35 effectors characterized so far. We also review how the Rab35 GTP/GDP cycle is regulated, and emphasize a newly discovered mechanism that controls its tight activation on newborn endosomes. We propose that the involvement of Rab35 in such diverse and apparently unrelated cellular functions can be explained by the central role of this GTPase in regulating phosphoinositides and F-actin, both on endosomes and at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Klinkert
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3691, 75015, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Institut de formation doctorale, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Lab, Cell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3691, 75015, Paris, France.
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