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Irastorza-Valera L, Soria-Gómez E, Benitez JM, Montáns FJ, Saucedo-Mora L. Review of the Brain's Behaviour after Injury and Disease for Its Application in an Agent-Based Model (ABM). Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:362. [PMID: 38921242 PMCID: PMC11202129 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain is the most complex organ in the human body and, as such, its study entails great challenges (methodological, theoretical, etc.). Nonetheless, there is a remarkable amount of studies about the consequences of pathological conditions on its development and functioning. This bibliographic review aims to cover mostly findings related to changes in the physical distribution of neurons and their connections-the connectome-both structural and functional, as well as their modelling approaches. It does not intend to offer an extensive description of all conditions affecting the brain; rather, it presents the most common ones. Thus, here, we highlight the need for accurate brain modelling that can subsequently be used to understand brain function and be applied to diagnose, track, and simulate treatments for the most prevalent pathologies affecting the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Irastorza-Valera
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- PIMM Laboratory, ENSAM–Arts et Métiers ParisTech, 151 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Edgar Soria-Gómez
- Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi, 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena, s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - José María Benitez
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
| | - Francisco J. Montáns
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Luis Saucedo-Mora
- E.T.S. de Ingeniería Aeronáutica y del Espacio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pza. Cardenal Cisneros 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.I.-V.); (J.M.B.); (F.J.M.)
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Park BS, Lee DA, Lee H, Kim J, Ko J, Lee WH, Yi J, Park KM. Correlation of diffusion tensor tractography with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3541. [PMID: 38773829 PMCID: PMC11109523 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using correlation tractography, this study aimed to find statistically significant correlations between white matter (WM) tracts in participants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and OSA severity. We hypothesized that changes in certain WM tracts could be related to OSA severity. METHODS We enrolled 40 participants with OSA who underwent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and quantitative anisotropy (QA)-values were used in the connectometry analysis. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is a representative measure of the severity of OSA. Diffusion MRI connectometry that was used to derive correlational tractography revealed changes in the values of FA, MD, AD, RD, and QA when correlated with the AHI. A false-discovery rate threshold of 0.05 was used to select tracts to conduct multiple corrections. RESULTS Connectometry analysis revealed that the AHI in participants with OSA was negatively correlated with FA values in WM tracts that included the cingulum, corpus callosum, cerebellum, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, fornices, thalamic radiations, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior and posterior corticostriatal tracts, medial lemnisci, and arcuate fasciculus. However, there were no statistically significant results in the WM tracts, in which FA values were positively correlated with the AHI. In addition, connectometry analysis did not reveal statistically significant results in WM tracts, in which MD, AD, RD, and QA values were positively or negatively correlated with the AHI. CONCLUSION Several WM tract changes were correlated with OSA severity. However, WM changes in OSA likely involve tissue edema and not neuronal changes, such as axonal loss. Connectometry analyses are valuable tools for detecting WM changes in sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Soo Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
| | - Dong Ah Lee
- Departments of Neurology, Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
| | - Ho‐Joon Lee
- Departments of Radiology, Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
| | - Jinseung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Junghae Ko
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Neurosurgey, Busan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyae Yi
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
| | - Kang Min Park
- Departments of Neurology, Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusanSouth Korea
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Fuenteslópez CV, McKitrick A, Corvi J, Ginebra MP, Hakimi O. Biomaterials text mining: A hands-on comparative study of methods on polydioxanone biocompatibility. N Biotechnol 2023; 77:161-175. [PMID: 37673372 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Scientific information extraction is fundamental for research and innovation, but is currently mostly a manual, time-consuming process. Text Mining tools (TMTs) enable automated, accurate and quick information extraction from text, but there is little precedent of their use in the biomaterials field. Here, we compare the ability of various TMTs to extract useful information from biomaterials abstracts. Focusing on the biocompatibility of polydioxanone, a biodegradable polymer for which there are relatively few scientific publications, we tested several tools ranging from machine learning approaches and statistical text analysis to MeSH indexing and domain-specific semantic tools for Named Entity Recognition. We also evaluated their output alongside a manual review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The findings show that TMTs can be highly efficient and powerful for mapping biomaterials texts and rapidly yield up-to-date information. Here, TMTs enable one to identify dominating themes, see the evolution of specific terms and topics, and learn about key medical applications in biomaterials literature over the years. The analysis also shows that ambiguity around biomaterials nomenclature is a significant challenge in mining biomedical literature that is yet to be tackled. This research showcases the potential value of using Natural Language Processing and domain-specific tools to extract and organize biomaterials data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla V Fuenteslópez
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK.
| | - Austin McKitrick
- Institute of Social Research, University of Michigan, MI 48104, USA
| | - Javier Corvi
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Osnat Hakimi
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona 08034, Spain; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08019, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona 08017, Spain.
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Park KM, Kim KT, Lee DA, Cho YW. Correlation of Diffusion Tensor Tractography with Restless Legs Syndrome Severity. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1560. [PMID: 38002520 PMCID: PMC10670044 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This prospective study investigated white matter tracts associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) severity in 69 patients with primary RLS using correlational tractography based on diffusion tensor imaging. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and quantitative anisotropy (QA) were analyzed separately to understand white matter abnormalities in RLS patients. Connectometry analysis revealed positive correlations between RLS severity and FA values in various white matter tracts, including the left and right cerebellum, corpus callosum forceps minor and major, corpus callosum body, right cingulum, and frontoparietal tract. In addition, connectometry analysis revealed that the FA of the middle cerebellar peduncle, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left corticospinal tract, corpus callosum forceps minor, right cerebellum, left frontal aslant tract, left dentatorubrothalamic tract, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left corticostriatal tract superior, and left cingulum parahippocampoparietal tract was negatively correlated with RLS severity in patients with RLS. However, there were no significant correlations between QA values and RLS severity. It is implied that RLS symptoms may be potentially reversible with appropriate treatment. This study highlights the importance of considering white matter alterations in understanding the pathophysiology of RLS and in developing effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Min Park
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea; (K.M.P.); (D.A.L.)
| | - Keun Tae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Ah Lee
- Department of Neurology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 48108, Republic of Korea; (K.M.P.); (D.A.L.)
| | - Yong Won Cho
- Department of Neurology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea;
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van Bree S. A Critical Perspective on Neural Mechanisms in Cognitive Neuroscience: Towards Unification. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2023:17456916231191744. [PMID: 37642139 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231191744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
A central pursuit of cognitive neuroscience is to find neural mechanisms of cognition, with research programs favoring different strategies to look for them. But what is a neural mechanism, and how do we know we have captured them? Here I answer these questions through a framework that integrates Marr's levels with philosophical work on mechanism. From this, the following goal emerges: What needs to be explained are the computations of cognition, with explanation itself given by mechanism-composed of algorithms and parts of the brain that realize them. This reveals a delineation within cognitive neuroscience research. In the premechanism stage, the computations of cognition are linked to phenomena in the brain, narrowing down where and when mechanisms are situated in space and time. In the mechanism stage, it is established how computation emerges from organized interactions between parts-filling the premechanistic mold. I explain why a shift toward mechanistic modeling helps us meet our aims while outlining a road map for doing so. Finally, I argue that the explanatory scope of neural mechanisms can be approximated by effect sizes collected across studies, not just conceptual analysis. Together, these points synthesize a mechanistic agenda that allows subfields to connect at the level of theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander van Bree
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Glasgow
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham
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Zaletel I, Nowakowski RS, Ness TV. Editorial: Open-access data, models and resources in neuroscience research. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1142317. [PMID: 36866334 PMCID: PMC9972088 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1142317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Zaletel
- Institute of Histology and Embryology “Aleksandar Ð. Kostić”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,*Correspondence: Ivan Zaletel ✉
| | - Richard S. Nowakowski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Torbjørn V. Ness
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Shah S, Juavinett AL. The Mismatch Between Neuroscience Graduate Training and Professional Skill Sets. JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION : JUNE : A PUBLICATION OF FUN, FACULTY FOR UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 21:A35-A46. [PMID: 38322044 PMCID: PMC10558239 DOI: 10.59390/pyrm1880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Neuroscience career paths are rapidly changing as the field expands and increasingly overlaps with computational and data-heavy job sectors. With the steady growth in neuroscience trainees and the diversification of jobs for those trainees, it is important to identify the necessary skills in neuroscience career paths and how well graduate training is preparing our students for this ever-changing workforce. Here, we survey hundreds of neuroscience professionals and graduate students to assess their use and valuation of a range of skills, from bench skills to communication and management. We find that almost all neuroscience professionals report strongly needing management and communication skills, but that these were seen as are less important by graduate students. In addition, coding and data analysis skills are widely used in academic and industry research, predict higher salaries, and are more commonly used by male-identifying graduate students. These findings can help trainees assess their own skill sets as well as encourage educational leaders to offer training in skills beyond the bench, helping to catapult trainees into the next stages of their careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Shah
- Division of Biological Sciences, Neurobiology Section, UC San Diego
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Blevins AS, Bassett DS, Scott EK, Vanwalleghem GC. From calcium imaging to graph topology. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:1125-1147. [PMID: 38800465 PMCID: PMC11117109 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Systems neuroscience is facing an ever-growing mountain of data. Recent advances in protein engineering and microscopy have together led to a paradigm shift in neuroscience; using fluorescence, we can now image the activity of every neuron through the whole brain of behaving animals. Even in larger organisms, the number of neurons that we can record simultaneously is increasing exponentially with time. This increase in the dimensionality of the data is being met with an explosion of computational and mathematical methods, each using disparate terminology, distinct approaches, and diverse mathematical concepts. Here we collect, organize, and explain multiple data analysis techniques that have been, or could be, applied to whole-brain imaging, using larval zebrafish as an example model. We begin with methods such as linear regression that are designed to detect relations between two variables. Next, we progress through network science and applied topological methods, which focus on the patterns of relations among many variables. Finally, we highlight the potential of generative models that could provide testable hypotheses on wiring rules and network progression through time, or disease progression. While we use examples of imaging from larval zebrafish, these approaches are suitable for any population-scale neural network modeling, and indeed, to applications beyond systems neuroscience. Computational approaches from network science and applied topology are not limited to larval zebrafish, or even to systems neuroscience, and we therefore conclude with a discussion of how such methods can be applied to diverse problems across the biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann S. Blevins
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dani S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Ethan K. Scott
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gilles C. Vanwalleghem
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Yeh FC. Population-based tract-to-region connectome of the human brain and its hierarchical topology. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4933. [PMID: 35995773 PMCID: PMC9395399 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectome maps region-to-region connectivities but does not inform which white matter pathways form the connections. Here we constructed a population-based tract-to-region connectome to fill this information gap. The constructed connectome quantifies the population probability of a white matter tract innervating a cortical region. The results show that ~85% of the tract-to-region connectome entries are consistent across individuals, whereas the remaining (~15%) have substantial individual differences requiring individualized mapping. Further hierarchical clustering on cortical regions revealed dorsal, ventral, and limbic networks based on the tract-to-region connective patterns. The clustering results on white matter bundles revealed the categorization of fiber bundle systems in the association pathways. This tract-to-region connectome provides insights into the connective topology between cortical regions and white matter bundles. The derived hierarchical relation further offers a categorization of gray and white matter structures. The brain connectome maps region-to-region connections but often ignores the role of the connecting pathways. Here, the authors mapped the tract-to-region relations to reveal the hierarchical relation of fiber bundles and dorsal, ventral, and limbic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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10
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Neuwirth LS, Verrengia MT, Harikinish-Murrary ZI, Orens JE, Lopez OE. Under or Absent Reporting of Light Stimuli in Testing of Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodents: The Need for Standardization. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912146. [PMID: 36061362 PMCID: PMC9428565 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral neuroscience tests such as the Light/Dark Test, the Open Field Test, the Elevated Plus Maze Test, and the Three Chamber Social Interaction Test have become both essential and widely used behavioral tests for transgenic and pre-clinical models for drug screening and testing. However, as fast as the field has evolved and the contemporaneous involvement of technology, little assessment of the literature has been done to ensure that these behavioral neuroscience tests that are crucial to pre-clinical testing have well-controlled ethological motivation by the use of lighting (i.e., Lux). In the present review paper, N = 420 manuscripts were examined from 2015 to 2019 as a sample set (i.e., n = ~20–22 publications per year) and it was found that only a meager n = 50 publications (i.e., 11.9% of the publications sampled) met the criteria for proper anxiogenic and anxiolytic Lux reported. These findings illustrate a serious concern that behavioral neuroscience papers are not being vetted properly at the journal review level and are being released into the literature and public domain making it difficult to assess the quality of the science being reported. This creates a real need for standardizing the use of Lux in all publications on behavioral neuroscience techniques within the field to ensure that contributions are meaningful, avoid unnecessary duplication, and ultimately would serve to create a more efficient process within the pre-clinical screening/testing for drugs that serve as anxiolytic compounds that would prove more useful than what prior decades of work have produced. It is suggested that improving the standardization of the use and reporting of Lux in behavioral neuroscience tests and the standardization of peer-review processes overseeing the proper documentation of these methodological approaches in manuscripts could serve to advance pre-clinical testing for effective anxiolytic drugs. This report serves to highlight this concern and proposes strategies to proactively remedy them as the field moves forward for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S. Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenz S. Neuwirth
| | - Michael T. Verrengia
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Zachary I. Harikinish-Murrary
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jessica E. Orens
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Oscar E. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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Jia S, Li X, Huang T, Liu JK, Yu Z. Representing the dynamics of high-dimensional data with non-redundant wavelets. PATTERNS 2022; 3:100424. [PMID: 35510192 PMCID: PMC9058841 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2021.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A crucial question in data science is to extract meaningful information embedded in high-dimensional data into a low-dimensional set of features that can represent the original data at different levels. Wavelet analysis is a pervasive method for decomposing time-series signals into a few levels with detailed temporal resolution. However, obtained wavelets are intertwined and over-represented across levels for each sample and across different samples within one population. Here, using neuroscience data of simulated spikes, experimental spikes, calcium imaging signals, and human electrocorticography signals, we leveraged conditional mutual information between wavelets for feature selection. The meaningfulness of selected features was verified to decode stimulus or condition with high accuracy yet using only a small set of features. These results provide a new way of wavelet analysis for extracting essential features of the dynamics of spatiotemporal neural data, which then enables to support novel model design of machine learning with representative features. WCMI can extract meaningful information from high-dimensional data Extracted features from neural signals are non-redundant Simple decoders can read out these features with superb accuracy
One of the essential questions in data science is to extract meaningful information from high-dimensional data. A useful approach is to represent data using a few features that maintain the crucial information. The leading property of spatiotemporal data is foremost ever-changing dynamics in time. Wavelet analysis, as a classical method for disentangling time series, can capture temporal dynamics with detail. Here, we leveraged conditional mutual information between wavelets to select a small subset of non-redundant features. We demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of features using various types of neuroscience data with different sampling frequencies at the level of the single cell, cell population, and coarse-scale brain activity. Our results shed new insights into representing the dynamics of spatiotemporal data using a few fundamental features extracted by wavelet analysis, which may have wide implications to other types of data with rich temporal dynamics.
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12
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Ling M, Zhou J, Pang XQ, Liang J, Qin YF, Huang S, Liang GY, Li YF, Zeng ZS. White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities of the Visual Pathway in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Generalized Q-sampling Imaging Study. Acad Radiol 2022; 29 Suppl 3:S166-S174. [PMID: 34930656 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We assessed the white matter microstructural integrity of the visual pathway in diabetes patients vs. healthy subjects, and investigated the advantages of generalized Q-sampling imaging (GQI) in the assessment of the visual pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS T1-weighted, T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and simultaneous multislice- diffusion sequences were acquired from 21 DR patients, 29 diabetes patients without DR (NDR group), and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Diffusion source images were reconstructed to GQI. Region of interest (ROI)-based analysis was utilized to evaluate microstructural alterations in the visual pathway. Multivariate linear regression analysis (forward stepwise method) was performed to investigate associations between clinical data and mean GQI parameters. RESULTS ROI-based analyses indicated that the GQI parameters generalized fractional anisotropy, quantitative anisotropy (QA), and normalized QA (NQA) were significantly lower in the NDR group than in the healthy controls, and even lower in the DR group than in the NDR group. Disease duration was significantly and negatively correlated with mean generalized fractional anisotropy and mean NQA. CONCLUSION GQI could sensitively and non-invasively evaluate the visual pathway in diabetes patients. The nerve fibers of the visual pathway were damaged before the onset of retinopathy, and this damage was aggravated after retinopathy onset, as a consequence of long exposure to hyperglycemia.
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Martínez-García M, Hernández-Lemus E. Data Integration Challenges for Machine Learning in Precision Medicine. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:784455. [PMID: 35145977 PMCID: PMC8821900 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.784455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A main goal of Precision Medicine is that of incorporating and integrating the vast corpora on different databases about the molecular and environmental origins of disease, into analytic frameworks, allowing the development of individualized, context-dependent diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches. In this regard, artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches can be used to build analytical models of complex disease aimed at prediction of personalized health conditions and outcomes. Such models must handle the wide heterogeneity of individuals in both their genetic predisposition and their social and environmental determinants. Computational approaches to medicine need to be able to efficiently manage, visualize and integrate, large datasets combining structure, and unstructured formats. This needs to be done while constrained by different levels of confidentiality, ideally doing so within a unified analytical architecture. Efficient data integration and management is key to the successful application of computational intelligence approaches to medicine. A number of challenges arise in the design of successful designs to medical data analytics under currently demanding conditions of performance in personalized medicine, while also subject to time, computational power, and bioethical constraints. Here, we will review some of these constraints and discuss possible avenues to overcome current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Martínez-García
- Clinical Research Division, National Institute of Cardiology ‘Ignacio Chávez’, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Complexity Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autnoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Sanchez-Arias JC, Carrier M, Frederiksen SD, Shevtsova O, McKee C, van der Slagt E, Gonçalves de Andrade E, Nguyen HL, Young PA, Tremblay MÈ, Swayne LA. A Systematic, Open-Science Framework for Quantification of Cell-Types in Mouse Brain Sections Using Fluorescence Microscopy. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:722443. [PMID: 34949993 PMCID: PMC8691181 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.722443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-expanding availability and evolution of microscopy tools has enabled ground-breaking discoveries in neurobiology, particularly with respect to the analysis of cell-type density and distribution. Widespread implementation of many of the elegant image processing tools available continues to be impeded by the lack of complete workflows that span from experimental design, labeling techniques, and analysis workflows, to statistical methods and data presentation. Additionally, it is important to consider open science principles (e.g., open-source software and tools, user-friendliness, simplicity, and accessibility). In the present methodological article, we provide a compendium of resources and a FIJI-ImageJ-based workflow aimed at improving the quantification of cell density in mouse brain samples using semi-automated open-science-based methods. Our proposed framework spans from principles and best practices of experimental design, histological and immunofluorescence staining, and microscopy imaging to recommendations for statistical analysis and data presentation. To validate our approach, we quantified neuronal density in the mouse barrel cortex using antibodies against pan-neuronal and interneuron markers. This framework is intended to be simple and yet flexible, such that it can be adapted to suit distinct project needs. The guidelines, tips, and proposed methodology outlined here, will support researchers of wide-ranging experience levels and areas of focus in neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Micaël Carrier
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Olga Shevtsova
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Chloe McKee
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Emma van der Slagt
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Hai Lam Nguyen
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Penelope A Young
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Université de Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.,Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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A graph-based approach for representing, integrating and analysing neuroscience data: the case of the murine basal ganglia. DATA TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/dta-12-2020-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeNeuroscience data are spread across a variety of sources, typically provisioned through ad-hoc and non-standard approaches and formats and often have no connection to the related data sources. These make it difficult for researchers to understand, integrate and reuse brain-related data. The aim of this study is to show that a graph-based approach offers an effective mean for representing, analysing and accessing brain-related data, which is highly interconnected, evolving over time and often needed in combination.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present an approach for organising brain-related data in a graph model. The approach is exemplified in the case of a unique data set of quantitative neuroanatomical data about the murine basal ganglia––a group of nuclei in the brain essential for processing information related to movement. Specifically, the murine basal ganglia data set is modelled as a graph, integrated with relevant data from third-party repositories, published through a Web-based user interface and API, analysed from exploratory and confirmatory perspectives using popular graph algorithms to extract new insights.FindingsThe evaluation of the graph model and the results of the graph data analysis and usability study of the user interface suggest that graph-based data management in the neuroscience domain is a promising approach, since it enables integration of various disparate data sources and improves understanding and usability of data.Originality/valueThe study provides a practical and generic approach for representing, integrating, analysing and provisioning brain-related data and a set of software tools to support the proposed approach.
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16
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Sapio MR, Kim JJ, Loydpierson AJ, Maric D, Goto T, Vazquez FA, Dougherty MK, Narasimhan R, Muhly WT, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ. The Persistent Pain Transcriptome: Identification of Cells and Molecules Activated by Hyperalgesia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:1146-1179. [PMID: 33892151 PMCID: PMC9441406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During persistent pain, the dorsal spinal cord responds to painful inputs from the site of injury, but the molecular modulatory processes have not been comprehensively examined. Using transcriptomics and multiplex in situ hybridization, we identified the most highly regulated receptors and signaling molecules in rat dorsal spinal cord in peripheral inflammatory and post-surgical incisional pain models. We examined a time course of the response including acute (2 hours) and longer term (2 day) time points after peripheral injury representing the early onset and instantiation of hyperalgesic processes. From this analysis, we identify a key population of superficial dorsal spinal cord neurons marked by somatotopic upregulation of the opioid neuropeptide precursor prodynorphin, and 2 receptors: the neurokinin 1 receptor, and anaplastic lymphoma kinase. These alterations occur specifically in the glutamatergic subpopulation of superficial dynorphinergic neurons. In addition to specific neuronal gene regulation, both models showed induction of broad transcriptional signatures for tissue remodeling, synaptic rearrangement, and immune signaling defined by complement and interferon induction. These signatures were predominantly induced ipsilateral to tissue injury, implying linkage to primary afferent drive. We present a comprehensive set of gene regulatory events across 2 models that can be targeted for the development of non-opioid analgesics. PERSPECTIVE: The deadly impact of the opioid crisis and the need to replace morphine and other opioids in clinical practice is well recognized. Embedded within this research is an overarching goal of obtaining foundational knowledge from transcriptomics to search for non-opioid analgesic targets. Developing such analgesics would address unmet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jenny J Kim
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amelia J Loydpierson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dragan Maric
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taichi Goto
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Overseas Research Fellowship, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fernando A Vazquez
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary K Dougherty
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Radhika Narasimhan
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wallis T Muhly
- National Institute of Nursing Research, Symptom Management Branch, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Andrew J Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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17
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Qi YL, Wang HR, Chen LL, Guo L, Cao YY, Yang YS, Duan YT, Zhu HL. Recent advances in reaction-based fluorescent probes for the detection of central nervous system-related pathologies in vivo. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Brain Structural Connectivity Differences in Patients with Normal Cognition and Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070943. [PMID: 34356177 PMCID: PMC8305196 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in magnetic resonance imaging, particularly diffusion imaging, have allowed researchers to analyze brain connectivity. Identification of structural connectivity differences between patients with normal cognition, cognitive impairment, and dementia could lead to new biomarker discoveries that could improve dementia diagnostics. In our study, we analyzed 22 patients (11 control group patients, 11 dementia group patients) that underwent 3T MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. We reconstructed DTI images and used the Desikan-Killiany-Tourville cortical parcellation atlas. The connectivity matrix was calculated, and graph theoretical analysis was conducted using DSI Studio. We found statistically significant differences between groups in the graph density, network characteristic path length, small-worldness, global efficiency, and rich club organization. We did not find statistically significant differences between groups in the average clustering coefficient and the assortativity coefficient. These statistically significant graph theory measures could potentially be used as quantitative biomarkers in cognitive impairment and dementia diagnostics.
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20
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Topographical Visualization of the Reciprocal Projection between the Medial Septum and the Hippocampus in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163992. [PMID: 31426329 PMCID: PMC6721212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that the degeneration of neural circuits is prominent in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. The reciprocal connectivity of the medial septum (MS) and hippocampus, which constitutes the septo-hippocampo-septal (SHS) loop, is known to be associated with learning and memory. Despite the importance of the reciprocal projections between the MS and hippocampus in AD, the alteration of bidirectional connectivity between two structures has not yet been investigated at the mesoscale level. In this study, we adopted AD animal model, five familial AD mutations (5XFAD) mice, and anterograde and retrograde tracers, BDA and DiI, respectively, to visualize the pathology-related changes in topographical connectivity of the SHS loop in the 5XFAD brain. By comparing 4.5-month-old and 14-month-old 5XFAD mice, we successfully identified key circuit components of the SHS loop altered in 5XFAD brains. Remarkably, the SHS loop began to degenerate in 4.5-month-old 5XFAD mice before the onset of neuronal loss. The impairment of connectivity between the MS and hippocampus was accelerated in 14-month-old 5XFAD mice. These results demonstrate, for the first time, topographical evidence for the degradation of the interconnection between the MS and hippocampus at the mesoscale level in a mouse model of AD. Our results provide structural and functional insights into the interconnectivity of the MS and hippocampus, which will inform the use and development of various therapeutic approaches that target neural circuits for the treatment of AD.
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21
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Li X, Guo N, Li Q. Functional Neuroimaging in the New Era of Big Data. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:393-401. [PMID: 31809864 PMCID: PMC6943787 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of functional neuroimaging has substantially advanced as a big data science in the past decade, thanks to international collaborative projects and community efforts. Here we conducted a literature review on functional neuroimaging, with focus on three general challenges in big data tasks: data collection and sharing, data infrastructure construction, and data analysis methods. The review covers a wide range of literature types including perspectives, database descriptions, methodology developments, and technical details. We show how each of the challenges was proposed and addressed, and how these solutions formed the three core foundations for the functional neuroimaging as a big data science and helped to build the current data-rich and data-driven community. Furthermore, based on our review of recent literature on the upcoming challenges and opportunities toward future scientific discoveries, we envisioned that the functional neuroimaging community needs to advance from the current foundations to better data integration infrastructure, methodology development toward improved learning capability, and multi-discipline translational research framework for this new era of big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ning Guo
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Quanzheng Li
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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22
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Giboin LS, Loewe K, Hassa T, Kramer A, Dettmers C, Spiteri S, Gruber M, Schoenfeld MA. Cortical, subcortical and spinal neural correlates of slackline training-induced balance performance improvements. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116061. [PMID: 31374329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans develop posture and balance control during childhood. Interestingly, adults can also learn to master new complex balance tasks, but the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Here, we combined broad scale brain connectivity fMRI at rest and spinal excitability measurements during movement. Six weeks of slackline training improved the capability to walk on a slackline which was paralleled by functional connectivity changes in brain regions associated with posture and balance control and by task-specific changes of spinal excitability. Importantly, the performance of trainees was not better than control participants in a different, untrained balance task. In conclusion, slackline training induced large-scale neuroplasticity which solely transferred into highly task specific performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Solal Giboin
- Sensorimotor Performance Lab, Human Research Performance Centre, University Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Kristian Loewe
- Dept of Experimental Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Dept of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hassa
- Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach, Germany
| | - Andreas Kramer
- Sensorimotor Performance Lab, Human Research Performance Centre, University Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christian Dettmers
- Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach, Germany; Kliniken Schmieder Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Spiteri
- Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach, Germany
| | - Markus Gruber
- Sensorimotor Performance Lab, Human Research Performance Centre, University Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mircea Ariel Schoenfeld
- Dept of Experimental Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany; Lurija Institute, Kliniken Schmieder Allensbach, Germany; Dept of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany; Kliniken Schmieder Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Zhang L, Liu XA, Gillis KD, Glass TE. A High-Affinity Fluorescent Sensor for Catecholamine: Application to Monitoring Norepinephrine Exocytosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7611-7614. [PMID: 30791180 PMCID: PMC6534456 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent sensor for catecholamines, NS510, is presented. The sensor is based on a quinolone fluorophore incorporating a boronic acid recognition element that gives it high affinity for catecholamines and a turn-on response to norepinephrine. The sensor results in punctate staining of norepinephrine-enriched chromaffin cells visualized using confocal microscopy indicating that it stains the norepinephrine in secretory vesicles. Amperometry in conjunction with total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy demonstrates that the sensor can be used to observe destaining of individual chromaffin granules upon exocytosis. NS510 is the highest affinity fluorescent norepinephrine sensor currently available and can be used for measuring catecholamines in live-cell assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Xin A Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Kevin D Gillis
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Bioengineering and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Timothy E Glass
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
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24
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Abstract
The history of neuroscience is the memory of the discipline and this memory depends on the study of the present traces of the past; the things left behind: artifacts, equipment, written documents, data books, photographs, memoirs, etc. History, in all of its definitions, is an integral part of neuroscience and I have used examples from the literature and my personal experience to illustrate the importance of the different aspects of history in neuroscience. Each time we talk about the brain, do an experiment, or write a research article, we are involved in history. Each published experiment becomes a historical document; it relies on past research (the "Introduction" section), procedures developed in the past ("Methods" section) and as soon as new data are published, they become history and become embedded into the history of the discipline ("Discussion" section). In order to be transparent and able to be replicated, each experiment requires its own historical archive. Studying history means researching books, documents and objects in libraries, archives, and museums. It means looking at data books, letters and memos, talking to scientists, and reading biographies and autobiographies. History can be made relevant by integrating historical documents into classes and by using historical websites. Finally, conducting historical research can be interesting, entertaining, and can lead to travel to out-of-the-way and exotic places and meeting interesting people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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25
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Zhang L, Liu XA, Gillis KD, Glass TE. A High‐Affinity Fluorescent Sensor for Catecholamine: Application to Monitoring Norepinephrine Exocytosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Xin A. Liu
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research CenterDepartment of Bioengineering and Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Kevin D. Gillis
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research CenterDepartment of Bioengineering and Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Timothy E. Glass
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Missouri Columbia Missouri 65211 USA
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26
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Whole mouse brain structural connectomics using magnetic resonance histology. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4323-4335. [PMID: 30225830 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor histology holds great promise for quantitative characterization of structural connectivity in mouse models of neurological and psychiatric conditions. There has been extensive study in both the clinical and preclinical domains on the complex tradeoffs between the spatial resolution, the number of samples in diffusion q-space, scan time, and the reliability of the resultant data. We describe here a method for accelerating the acquisition of diffusion MRI data to support quantitative connectivity measurements in the whole mouse brain using compressed sensing (CS). The use of CS allows substantial increase in spatial resolution and/or reduction in scan time. Compared to the fully sampled results at the same scan time, the subtle anatomical details of the brain, such as cortical layers, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum, were better visualized using CS due to the higher spatial resolution. Compared to the fully sampled results at the same spatial resolution, the scalar diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), showed consistently low error across the whole brain (< 6.0%) even with 8.0 times acceleration. The node properties of connectivity (strength, cluster coefficient, eigenvector centrality, and local efficiency) demonstrated correlation of better than 95.0% between accelerated and fully sampled connectomes. The acceleration will enable routine application of this technology to a wide range of mouse models of neurologic diseases.
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27
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Linne ML. Neuroinformatics and Computational Modelling as Complementary Tools for Neurotoxicology Studies. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123 Suppl 5:56-61. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Leena Linne
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering; Tampere University of Technology; Tampere Finland
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28
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Mining Big Neuron Morphological Data. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 2018:8234734. [PMID: 30034462 PMCID: PMC6035829 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8234734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The advent of automatic tracing and reconstruction technology has led to a surge in the number of neurons 3D reconstruction data and consequently the neuromorphology research. However, the lack of machine-driven annotation schema to automatically detect the types of the neurons based on their morphology still hinders the development of this branch of science. Neuromorphology is important because of the interplay between the shape and functionality of neurons and the far-reaching impact on the diagnostics and therapeutics in neurological disorders. This survey paper provides a comprehensive research in the field of automatic neurons classification and presents the existing challenges, methods, tools, and future directions for automatic neuromorphology analytics. We summarize the major automatic techniques applicable in the field and propose a systematic data processing pipeline for automatic neuron classification, covering data capturing, preprocessing, analyzing, classification, and retrieval. Various techniques and algorithms in machine learning are illustrated and compared to the same dataset to facilitate ongoing research in the field.
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29
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Lin L, Fu Z, Jin C, Tian M, Wu S. Small-world indices via network efficiency for brain networks from diffusion MRI. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:2677-2689. [PMID: 29980823 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-018-5326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The small-world architecture has gained considerable attention in anatomical brain connectivity studies. However, how to adequately quantify small-worldness in diffusion networks has remained a problem. We addressed the limits of small-world measures and defined new metric indices: the small-world efficiency (SWE) and the small-world angle (SWA), both based on the tradeoff between high global and local efficiency. To confirm the validity of the new indices, we examined the behavior of SWE and SWA of networks based on the Watts-Strogatz model as well as the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data from 75 healthy old subjects (aged 50-70). We found that SWE could classify the subjects into different age groups, and was correlated with individual performance on the WAIS-IV test. Moreover, to evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed measures to network, two network attack strategies were applied. Our results indicate that the new indices outperform their predecessors in the analysis of DTI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Zhenrong Fu
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Cong Jin
- Medical Engineering Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Shuicai Wu
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
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30
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Ge B, Li X, Jiang X, Sun Y, Liu T. A Dictionary Learning Approach for Signal Sampling in Task-Based fMRI for Reduction of Big Data. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:17. [PMID: 29706880 PMCID: PMC5906552 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of fMRI big data offers researchers an unprecedented opportunity to explore functional brain networks. However, this opportunity has not been fully explored yet due to the lack of effective and efficient tools for handling such fMRI big data. One major challenge is that computing capabilities still lag behind the growth of large-scale fMRI databases, e.g., it takes many days to perform dictionary learning and sparse coding of whole-brain fMRI data for an fMRI database of average size. Therefore, how to reduce the data size but without losing important information becomes a more and more pressing issue. To address this problem, we propose a signal sampling approach for significant fMRI data reduction before performing structurally-guided dictionary learning and sparse coding of whole brain's fMRI data. We compared the proposed structurally guided sampling method with no sampling, random sampling and uniform sampling schemes, and experiments on the Human Connectome Project (HCP) task fMRI data demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve more than 15 times speed-up without sacrificing the accuracy in identifying task-evoked functional brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ge
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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A PSO-Powell Hybrid Method to Extract Fiber Orientations from ODF. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:7680164. [PMID: 29606974 PMCID: PMC5828054 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7680164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) has opened up new perspectives for the delineation of crossing and branching fiber pathways by orientation distribution function (ODF). The fiber orientations contained in an imaging voxel are the key factor in tractography. To extract real fiber orientations from ODF, a hybrid method is proposed for computing the principal directions of ODF by combining the variation of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm with the modified Powell algorithm. This method is comprised of the global searching ability of PSO and the powerful local optimizing of Powell search. This combination can guarantee finding all the diffusion directions without applying sliding windows and improve the accuracy and efficiency. The proposed approach was evaluated on simulated crossing-fiber datasets, Tractometer, and in vivo datasets. The results show that this method could correctly identify fiber directions under a range of noise levels. This method was compared with the state-of-the-art methods, such as modified Powell, ball-stick model, and diffusion decomposition, showing that it outperformed them. As to the multimodal voxels where different fiber populations exist, the proposed approach allows us to improve the estimation accuracy of fiber orientations from ODF. It can play a significant role in the nerve fiber tracking.
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32
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Tognoli E, Dumas G, Kelso JAS. A roadmap to computational social neuroscience. Cogn Neurodyn 2018; 12:135-140. [PMID: 29435093 PMCID: PMC5801284 DOI: 10.1007/s11571-017-9462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To complement experimental efforts toward understanding human social interactions at both neural and behavioral levels, two computational approaches are presented: (1) a fully parameterizable mathematical model of a social partner, the Human Dynamic Clamp which, by virtue of experimentally controlled interactions between Virtual Partners and real people, allows for emergent behaviors to be studied; and (2) a multiscale neurocomputational model of social coordination that enables exploration of social self-organization at all levels-from neuronal patterns to people interacting with each other. These complementary frameworks and the cross product of their analysis aim at understanding the fundamental principles governing social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Tognoli
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd., Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Guillaume Dumas
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd., Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR3571 Genes, Synapses and Cognition, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J. A. Scott Kelso
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Rd., Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
- Intelligent System Research Centre, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Derry, BT48 7JL Northern Ireland, UK
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33
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Berrouiguet S, Perez-Rodriguez MM, Larsen M, Baca-García E, Courtet P, Oquendo M. From eHealth to iHealth: Transition to Participatory and Personalized Medicine in Mental Health. J Med Internet Res 2018; 20:e2. [PMID: 29298748 PMCID: PMC5772066 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical assessment in psychiatry is commonly based on findings from brief, regularly scheduled in-person appointments. Although critically important, this approach reduces assessment to cross-sectional observations that miss essential information about disease course. The mental health provider makes all medical decisions based on this limited information. Thanks to recent technological advances such as mobile phones and other personal devices, electronic health (eHealth) data collection strategies now can provide access to real-time patient self-report data during the interval between visits. Since mobile phones are generally kept on at all times and carried everywhere, they are an ideal platform for the broad implementation of ecological momentary assessment technology. Integration of these tools into medical practice has heralded the eHealth era. Intelligent health (iHealth) further builds on and expands eHealth by adding novel built-in data analysis approaches based on (1) incorporation of new technologies into clinical practice to enhance real-time self-monitoring, (2) extension of assessment to the patient's environment including caregivers, and (3) data processing using data mining to support medical decision making and personalized medicine. This will shift mental health care from a reactive to a proactive and personalized discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofian Berrouiguet
- Lab-STICC, IMT Atlantique, Université Bretagne Loire, Brest, France.,Laboratoire Soins primaires, Santé publique, Registre des cancers de Bretagne Occidentale SPURBO, Equipe d'accueil 7479, Brest, France
| | | | - Mark Larsen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Fundación Jimenez Diaz Hospital, Autónoma University, Centro de Investigacion en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry, University Hospital of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maria Oquendo
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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34
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Shen B. Universal knowledge discovery from big data using combined dual-cycle. INT J MACH LEARN CYB 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13042-015-0376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Hassaninia I, Bostanabad R, Chen W, Mohseni H. Characterization of the Optical Properties of Turbid Media by Supervised Learning of Scattering Patterns. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15259. [PMID: 29127385 PMCID: PMC5681626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabricated tissue phantoms are instrumental in optical in-vitro investigations concerning cancer diagnosis, therapeutic applications, and drug efficacy tests. We present a simple non-invasive computational technique that, when coupled with experiments, has the potential for characterization of a wide range of biological tissues. The fundamental idea of our approach is to find a supervised learner that links the scattering pattern of a turbid sample to its thickness and scattering parameters. Once found, this supervised learner is employed in an inverse optimization problem for estimating the scattering parameters of a sample given its thickness and scattering pattern. Multi-response Gaussian processes are used for the supervised learning task and a simple setup is introduced to obtain the scattering pattern of a tissue sample. To increase the predictive power of the supervised learner, the scattering patterns are filtered, enriched by a regressor, and finally characterized with two parameters, namely, transmitted power and scaled Gaussian width. We computationally illustrate that our approach achieves errors of roughly 5% in predicting the scattering properties of many biological tissues. Our method has the potential to facilitate the characterization of tissues and fabrication of phantoms used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes over a wide range of optical spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Hassaninia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ramin Bostanabad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hooman Mohseni
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
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36
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McKiernan EC, Marrone DF. CA1 pyramidal cells have diverse biophysical properties, affected by development, experience, and aging. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3836. [PMID: 28948109 PMCID: PMC5609525 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuron types (e.g., pyramidal cells) within one area of the brain are often considered homogeneous, despite variability in their biophysical properties. Here we review literature demonstrating variability in the electrical activity of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells (PCs), including responses to somatic current injection, synaptic stimulation, and spontaneous network-related activity. In addition, we describe how responses of CA1 PCs vary with development, experience, and aging, and some of the underlying ionic currents responsible. Finally, we suggest directions that may be the most impactful in expanding this knowledge, including the use of text and data mining to systematically study cellular heterogeneity in more depth; dynamical systems theory to understand and potentially classify neuron firing patterns; and mathematical modeling to study the interaction between cellular properties and network output. Our goals are to provide a synthesis of the literature for experimentalists studying CA1 PCs, to give theorists an idea of the rich diversity of behaviors models may need to reproduce to accurately represent these cells, and to provide suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McKiernan
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diano F Marrone
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
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37
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Beauchaine TP, Zisner A. Motivation, emotion regulation, and the latent structure of psychopathology: An integrative and convergent historical perspective. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 119:108-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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38
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Ghosh N, Holshouser B, Oyoyo U, Barnes S, Tong K, Ashwal S. Combined Diffusion Tensor and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging Methodology for Automated Regional Brain Analysis: Application in a Normal Pediatric Population. Dev Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28651252 DOI: 10.1159/000475545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During human brain development, anatomic regions mature at different rates. Quantitative anatomy-specific analysis of longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data may improve our ability to quantify and categorize these maturational changes. Computational tools designed to quickly fuse and analyze imaging information from multiple, technically different datasets would facilitate research on changes during normal brain maturation and for comparison to disease states. In the current study, we developed a complete battery of computational tools to execute such data analyses that include data preprocessing, tract-based statistical analysis from DTI data, automated brain anatomy parsing from T1-weighted MR images, assignment of metabolite information from MRSI data, and co-alignment of these multimodality data streams for reporting of region-specific indices. We present statistical analyses of regional DTI and MRSI data in a cohort of normal pediatric subjects (n = 72; age range: 5-18 years; mean 12.7 ± 3.3 years) to establish normative data and evaluate maturational trends. Several regions showed significant maturational changes for several DTI parameters and MRSI ratios, but the percent change over the age range tended to be small. In the subcortical region (combined basal ganglia [BG], thalami [TH], and corpus callosum [CC]), the largest combined percent change was a 10% increase in fractional anisotropy (FA) primarily due to increases in the BG (12.7%) and TH (9%). The largest significant percent increase in N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratio was seen in the brain stem (BS) (18.8%) followed by the subcortical regions in the BG (11.9%), CC (8.9%), and TH (6.0%). We found consistent, significant (p < 0.01), but weakly positive correlations (r = 0.228-0.329) between NAA/Cr ratios and mean FA in the BS, BG, and CC regions. Age- and region-specific normative MR diffusion and spectroscopic metabolite ranges show brain maturation changes and are requisite for detecting abnormalities in an injured or diseased population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalya Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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39
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Polavaram S, Ascoli GA. An ontology-based search engine for digital reconstructions of neuronal morphology. Brain Inform 2017; 4:123-134. [PMID: 28337675 PMCID: PMC5413594 DOI: 10.1007/s40708-017-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal morphology is extremely diverse across and within animal species, developmental stages, brain regions, and cell types. This diversity is functionally important because neuronal structure strongly affects synaptic integration, spiking dynamics, and network connectivity. Digital reconstructions of axonal and dendritic arbors are thus essential to quantify and model information processing in the nervous system. NeuroMorpho.Org is an established repository containing tens of thousands of digitally reconstructed neurons shared by several hundred laboratories worldwide. Each neuron is annotated with specific metadata based on the published references and additional details provided by data owners. The number of represented metadata concepts has grown over the years in parallel with the increase of available data. Until now, however, the lack of standardized terminologies and of an adequately structured metadata schema limited the effectiveness of user searches. Here we present a new organization of NeuroMorpho.Org metadata grounded on a set of interconnected hierarchies focusing on the main dimensions of animal species, anatomical regions, and cell types. We have comprehensively mapped each metadata term in NeuroMorpho.Org to this formal ontology, explicitly resolving all ambiguities caused by synonymy and homonymy. Leveraging this consistent framework, we introduce OntoSearch, a powerful functionality that seamlessly enables retrieval of morphological data based on expert knowledge and logical inferences through an intuitive string-based user interface with auto-complete capability. In addition to returning the data directly matching the search criteria, OntoSearch also identifies a pool of possible hits by taking into consideration incomplete metadata annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Polavaram
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
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40
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Data-Driven Phenotypic Categorization for Neurobiological Analyses: Beyond DSM-5 Labels. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:484-494. [PMID: 27667698 PMCID: PMC5402759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data-driven approaches can capture behavioral and biological variation currently unaccounted for by contemporary diagnostic categories, thereby enhancing the ability of neurobiological studies to characterize brain-behavior relationships. METHODS A community-ascertained sample of individuals (N = 347, 18-59 years of age) completed a battery of behavioral measures, psychiatric assessment, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in a cross-sectional design. Bootstrap-based exploratory factor analysis was applied to 49 phenotypic subscales from 10 measures. Hybrid hierarchical clustering was applied to resultant factor scores to identify nested groups. Adjacent groups were compared via independent samples t tests and chi-square tests of factor scores, syndrome scores, and psychiatric prevalence. Multivariate distance matrix regression examined functional connectome differences between adjacent groups. RESULTS Reduction yielded six factors, which explained 77.8% and 65.4% of the variance in exploratory and constrained exploratory models, respectively. Hybrid hierarchical clustering of these six factors identified two, four, and eight nested groups (i.e., phenotypic communities). At the highest clustering level, the algorithm differentiated functionally adaptive and maladaptive groups. At the middle clustering level, groups were separated by problem type (maladaptive groups; internalizing vs. externalizing problems) and behavioral type (adaptive groups; sensation-seeking vs. extraverted/emotionally stable). Unique phenotypic profiles were also evident at the lowest clustering level. Group comparisons exhibited significant differences in intrinsic functional connectivity at the highest clustering level in somatomotor, thalamic, basal ganglia, and limbic networks. CONCLUSIONS Data-driven approaches for identifying homogenous subgroups, spanning typical function to dysfunction, not only yielded clinically meaningful groups, but also captured behavioral and neurobiological variation among healthy individuals.
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41
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Podlaski WF, Seeholzer A, Groschner LN, Miesenböck G, Ranjan R, Vogels TP. Mapping the function of neuronal ion channels in model and experiment. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28267430 PMCID: PMC5340531 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channel models are the building blocks of computational neuron models. Their biological fidelity is therefore crucial for the interpretation of simulations. However, the number of published models, and the lack of standardization, make the comparison of ion channel models with one another and with experimental data difficult. Here, we present a framework for the automated large-scale classification of ion channel models. Using annotated metadata and responses to a set of voltage-clamp protocols, we assigned 2378 models of voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels coded in NEURON to 211 clusters. The IonChannelGenealogy (ICGenealogy) web interface provides an interactive resource for the categorization of new and existing models and experimental recordings. It enables quantitative comparisons of simulated and/or measured ion channel kinetics, and facilitates field-wide standardization of experimentally-constrained modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Podlaski
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Seeholzer
- School of Computer and Communication Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas N Groschner
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gero Miesenböck
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajnish Ranjan
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim P Vogels
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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42
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Ramanan S, de Souza LC, Moreau N, Sarazin M, Teixeira AL, Allen Z, Guimarães HC, Caramelli P, Dubois B, Hornberger M, Bertoux M. Determinants of theory of mind performance in Alzheimer's disease: A data-mining study. Cortex 2017; 88:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Loewe K, Donohue SE, Schoenfeld MA, Kruse R, Borgelt C. Memory-Efficient Analysis of Dense Functional Connectomes. Front Neuroinform 2016; 10:50. [PMID: 27965565 PMCID: PMC5126118 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2016.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the human brain relies on the interplay and integration of numerous individual units within a complex network. To identify network configurations characteristic of specific cognitive tasks or mental illnesses, functional connectomes can be constructed based on the assessment of synchronous fMRI activity at separate brain sites, and then analyzed using graph-theoretical concepts. In most previous studies, relatively coarse parcellations of the brain were used to define regions as graphical nodes. Such parcellated connectomes are highly dependent on parcellation quality because regional and functional boundaries need to be relatively consistent for the results to be interpretable. In contrast, dense connectomes are not subject to this limitation, since the parcellation inherent to the data is used to define graphical nodes, also allowing for a more detailed spatial mapping of connectivity patterns. However, dense connectomes are associated with considerable computational demands in terms of both time and memory requirements. The memory required to explicitly store dense connectomes in main memory can render their analysis infeasible, especially when considering high-resolution data or analyses across multiple subjects or conditions. Here, we present an object-based matrix representation that achieves a very low memory footprint by computing matrix elements on demand instead of explicitly storing them. In doing so, memory required for a dense connectome is reduced to the amount needed to store the underlying time series data. Based on theoretical considerations and benchmarks, different matrix object implementations and additional programs (based on available Matlab functions and Matlab-based third-party software) are compared with regard to their computational efficiency. The matrix implementation based on on-demand computations has very low memory requirements, thus enabling analyses that would be otherwise infeasible to conduct due to insufficient memory. An open source software package containing the created programs is available for download.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Loewe
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany; Department of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah E Donohue
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurham, NC, USA
| | - Mircea A Schoenfeld
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke UniversityMagdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for NeurobiologyMagdeburg, Germany; Kliniken SchmiederAllensbach, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kruse
- Department of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Borgelt
- Department of Computer Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Voytek
- Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences Graduate Program, Institute for Neural Computation, and Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Voytek B. The Virtuous Cycle of a Data Ecosystem. PLoS Comput Biol 2016. [PMID: 27490108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005037&domain=pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Voytek
- Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences Graduate Program, Institute for Neural Computation, and Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
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46
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Mahmud M, Vassanelli S. Processing and Analysis of Multichannel Extracellular Neuronal Signals: State-of-the-Art and Challenges. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:248. [PMID: 27313507 PMCID: PMC4889584 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years multichannel neuronal signal acquisition systems have allowed scientists to focus on research questions which were otherwise impossible. They act as a powerful means to study brain (dys)functions in in-vivo and in in-vitro animal models. Typically, each session of electrophysiological experiments with multichannel data acquisition systems generate large amount of raw data. For example, a 128 channel signal acquisition system with 16 bits A/D conversion and 20 kHz sampling rate will generate approximately 17 GB data per hour (uncompressed). This poses an important and challenging problem of inferring conclusions from the large amounts of acquired data. Thus, automated signal processing and analysis tools are becoming a key component in neuroscience research, facilitating extraction of relevant information from neuronal recordings in a reasonable time. The purpose of this review is to introduce the reader to the current state-of-the-art of open-source packages for (semi)automated processing and analysis of multichannel extracellular neuronal signals (i.e., neuronal spikes, local field potentials, electroencephalogram, etc.), and the existing Neuroinformatics infrastructure for tool and data sharing. The review is concluded by pinpointing some major challenges that are being faced, which include the development of novel benchmarking techniques, cloud-based distributed processing and analysis tools, as well as defining novel means to share and standardize data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufti Mahmud
- NeuroChip Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Vassanelli
- NeuroChip Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova Padova, Italy
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Kim WH, Kim HJ, Adluru N, Singh V. Latent Variable Graphical Model Selection using Harmonic Analysis: Applications to the Human Connectome Project (HCP). PROCEEDINGS. IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION 2016; 2016:2443-2451. [PMID: 28255221 PMCID: PMC5330303 DOI: 10.1109/cvpr.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of imaging studies such as the (ongoing) Human Connectome Project (HCP) is to characterize the structural network map of the human brain and identify its associations with covariates such as genotype, risk factors, and so on that correspond to an individual. But the set of image derived measures and the set of covariates are both large, so we must first estimate a 'parsimonious' set of relations between the measurements. For instance, a Gaussian graphical model will show conditional independences between the random variables, which can then be used to setup specific downstream analyses. But most such data involve a large list of 'latent' variables that remain unobserved, yet affect the 'observed' variables sustantially. Accounting for such latent variables is not directly addressed by standard precision matrix estimation, and is tackled via highly specialized optimization methods. This paper offers a unique harmonic analysis view of this problem. By casting the estimation of the precision matrix in terms of a composition of low-frequency latent variables and high-frequency sparse terms, we show how the problem can be formulated using a new wavelet-type expansion in non-Euclidean spaces. Our formulation poses the estimation problem in the frequency space and shows how it can be solved by a simple sub-gradient scheme. We provide a set of scientific results on ~500 scans from the recently released HCP data where our algorithm recovers highly interpretable and sparse conditional dependencies between brain connectivity pathways and well-known covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Hwa Kim
- Dept. of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Hyunwoo J Kim
- Dept. of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | | | - Vikas Singh
- Dept. of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A; Dept. of Biostatistics & Med. Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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48
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Milash B, Gao J, Stevenson TJ, Son JH, Dahl T, Bonkowsky JL. Temporal Dysynchrony in brain connectivity gene expression following hypoxia. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:334. [PMID: 27146468 PMCID: PMC4857255 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the fundamental biological importance and clinical relevance of characterizing the effects of chronic hypoxia exposure on central nervous system (CNS) development, the changes in gene expression from hypoxia are unknown. It is not known if there are unifying principles, properties, or logic in the response of the developing CNS to hypoxic exposure. Here, we use the small vertebrate zebrafish (Danio rerio) to study the effects of hypoxia on connectivity gene expression across development. We perform transcriptional profiling at high temporal resolution to systematically determine and then experimentally validate the response of CNS connectivity genes to hypoxia exposure. Results We characterized mRNA changes during development, comparing the effects of chronic hypoxia exposure at different time-points. We focused on changes in expression levels of a subset of 1270 genes selected for their roles in development of CNS connectivity, including axon pathfinding and synapse formation. We found that the majority of CNS connectivity genes were unaffected by hypoxia. However, for a small subset of genes hypoxia significantly affected their gene expression profiles. In particular, hypoxia appeared to affect both the timing and levels of expression, including altering expression of interacting gene pairs in a fashion that would potentially disrupt normal function. Conclusions Overall, our study identifies the response of CNS connectivity genes to hypoxia exposure during development. While for most genes hypoxia did not significantly affect expression, for a subset of genes hypoxia changed both levels and timing of expression. Importantly, we identified that some genes with interacting proteins, for example receptor/ligand pairs, had dissimilar responses to hypoxia that would be expected to interfere with their function. The observed dysynchrony of gene expression could impair the development of normal CNS connectivity maps. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2638-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Milash
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Jingxia Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tamara J Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jong-Hyun Son
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tiffanie Dahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joshua L Bonkowsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, 295 Chipeta Way, 84108, Salt Lake City, UT, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Boubela RN, Kalcher K, Huf W, Našel C, Moser E. Big Data Approaches for the Analysis of Large-Scale fMRI Data Using Apache Spark and GPU Processing: A Demonstration on Resting-State fMRI Data from the Human Connectome Project. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:492. [PMID: 26778951 PMCID: PMC4701924 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies for scalable analysis of very large datasets have emerged in the domain of internet computing, but are still rarely used in neuroimaging despite the existence of data and research questions in need of efficient computation tools especially in fMRI. In this work, we present software tools for the application of Apache Spark and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to neuroimaging datasets, in particular providing distributed file input for 4D NIfTI fMRI datasets in Scala for use in an Apache Spark environment. Examples for using this Big Data platform in graph analysis of fMRI datasets are shown to illustrate how processing pipelines employing it can be developed. With more tools for the convenient integration of neuroimaging file formats and typical processing steps, big data technologies could find wider endorsement in the community, leading to a range of potentially useful applications especially in view of the current collaborative creation of a wealth of large data repositories including thousands of individual fMRI datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland N. Boubela
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Klaudius Kalcher
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Huf
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Christian Našel
- Department of Radiology, Tulln Hospital, Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesTulln, Austria
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Brain Behaviour Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Medical CenterPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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Yeh FC, Badre D, Verstynen T. Connectometry: A statistical approach harnessing the analytical potential of the local connectome. Neuroimage 2016; 125:162-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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