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Akter R, Kirkwood N, Zaman S, Lu B, Wang T, Takakusagi S, Mulvaney P, Biju V, Takano Y. Bio-catalytic nanoparticle shaping for preparing mesoscopic assemblies of semiconductor quantum dots and organic molecules. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1128-1136. [PMID: 38780444 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
We report a unique bio-catalytic nanoparticle shaping (BNS) method for preparing a variety of mesoscopic particles by a facile process. For example, the BNS method affords mesoscopic QD assembly dispersions. Large-size sedimentations (>1 μm) of QDs are first formed using oligo-L-lysine linkers. These then undergo controlled enzymatic cleavage of the linkers using trypsin, which surprisingly leads to mesoscopic particles about 84 nm in size with a narrow size distribution. A detailed mechanism of the BNS method is investigated using tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP), instead of QDs, as a probe molecule. Interestingly, the BNS method can also be applied to other combinations of enzymes and enzymatically degradable linkers, such as hyaluronidase with hyaluronan. As a potential application, the mesoscopic particles of QDs and oligo-lysine exhibit their ability to act as a drug delivery carrier originating from the features of both QDs and oligo-lysine. The BNS method demonstrates the universality and versatility of preparing mesoscopic particles and opens new doors for studying QD assemblies and molecular-based mesoscopic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Akter
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
| | - Nicholas Kirkwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Samantha Zaman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Bang Lu
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0010021, Japan
| | - Tinci Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takakusagi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0010021, Japan
| | - Paul Mulvaney
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
- Research Institute of Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0010020, Japan
| | - Yuta Takano
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0600810, Japan.
- Research Institute of Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 0010020, Japan
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2
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Yadav SK, Patter A, Sankar M. Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Binuclear Oxidovanadium(IV) Bisbenzimidazole Linked Porphyrin Dimer for the Generation of Biologically Active 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones and Their Corresponding Thiones. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11102-11112. [PMID: 38831586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Binuclear vanadyl(IV) porphyrin (V2BP), where two vanadium(IV) porphyrin macrocycles are linked through benzimidazole units at the β-positions, has been prepared and characterized with various techniques, such as UV-vis, Fourier transform-infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance, cyclic voltammetry, density functional transform calculations, and mass spectrometry. V2BP exhibits a red shift (Δλmax = 10 nm) in the Soret band as compared with unsubstituted parent vanadyl(IV) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (VP). The synthesized binuclear vanadyl(IV) porphyrin (V2BP) has further been studied as a catalyst to explore a single-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction producing biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one (DHPM)-based biomolecules and the corresponding thiones under solvent-free conditions and its catalytic activity has been compared with vanadyl(IV) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (VP). Several reaction conditions, such as the amount of catalyst, time, solvent, and temperature, have been optimized to obtain the maximum yield of DHPMs or thiones. The synthesized β-functionalized V2BP porphyrin dimer manifests much higher conversion (84-95% yield) of DHPMs or the corresponding thiones under the optimized reaction conditions with high TON (4454-5037) and TOF (1113-1259 h-1) values for the one-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction as compared to the literature. The catalyst exhibited excellent recyclability up to 10 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Akhil Patter
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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3
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Ganguly G, Havlas Z, Michl J. Ab Initio Calculation of UV-vis Absorption of Parent Mg, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn Metalloporphyrins. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10127-10142. [PMID: 38770816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Relativistic restricted active space (RAS) second-order multireference perturbation theory (MRPT2) methods, incorporating spin-orbit (SO) coupling perturbatively via state interaction (SO-MRPT2/RASSCF), were used to reproduce the absorption spectra of parent metalloporphyrins containing the Mg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, or FeCl2+ ions in the 12,500-40,000 cm-1 region. Particular attention was paid to the interaction between the porphyrin ring and the metal 3d electrons in states of different multiplicities (we used metal 3d and double d-shell or 3d' orbitals). For this class of compounds, the N-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT2) method is superior to the complete active space perturbation theory (CASPT2) and successfully reproduces the energies of all four characteristic transitions (Q, B, N, and L) of closed-shell metalloporphyrins. Inclusion of SO coupling was found to have very little effect on excitation energies and oscillator strengths. For FeCl2+ porphyrin, we treated ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT; π,d), metal ligand field (d,d), and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT; d,π*) transitions within the same framework. The broad and intense spectral features associated with its B (Soret) band are attributed to multiconfigurational LMCT (d,π*) bands involving strong metal-ligand orbital mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurab Ganguly
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Havlas
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 16610, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Sun K, Ishikawa A, Itaya R, Toichi Y, Yamakado T, Osuka A, Tanaka T, Sakamoto K, Kawai S. On-Surface Synthesis of Polyene-Linked Porphyrin Cooligomer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13551-13559. [PMID: 38757371 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated molecules are viewed as fundamental components in forthcoming molecular nanoelectronics in which semiconducting functional units are linked to each other via metallic molecular wires. However, it is still challenging to construct such block cooligomers on the surface. Here, we present a synthesis of [18]-polyene-linked Zn-porphyrin cooligomers via a two-step reaction of the alkyl groups on Cu(111) and Cu(110). Nonyl groups (-C9H19) substituted at the 5,15-meso positions of Zn-porphyrin were first transformed to alkenyl groups (-C9H10) by dehydrogenation. Subsequently, homocoupling of the terminal -CH2 groups resulted in the formation of extended [18]-polyene-linked porphyrin cooligomers. The structures of the products at each reaction step were investigated by bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperatures. A combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed the metallic property of the all trans [18]-polyene linker on Cu(110). This finding may provide an approach to fabricate complex nanocarbon structures on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikawa
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ryota Itaya
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Toichi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamakado
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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Coghi P, Coluccini C. Literature Review on Conjugated Polymers as Light-Sensitive Materials for Photovoltaic and Light-Emitting Devices in Photonic Biomaterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1407. [PMID: 38794599 PMCID: PMC11125275 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their extended p-orbital delocalization, conjugated polymers absorb light in the range of visible-NIR frequencies. We attempt to exploit this property to create materials that compete with inorganic semiconductors in photovoltaic and light-emitting materials. Beyond competing for applications in photonic devices, organic conjugated compounds, polymers, and small molecules have also been extended to biomedical applications like phototherapy and biodetection. Recent research on conjugated polymers has focused on bioapplications based on the absorbed light energy conversions in electric impulses, chemical energy, heat, and light emission. In this review, we describe the working principles of those photonic devices that have been applied and researched in the field of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Coghi
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery from Natural Resources & Industrialization, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Carmine Coluccini
- Institute of New Drug Development, College of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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Pishro KA, Gonzalez MH. Use of deep eutectic solvents in environmentally-friendly dye-sensitized solar cells and their physicochemical properties: a brief review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:14480-14504. [PMID: 38708112 PMCID: PMC11063684 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01610f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel way to mitigate the greenhouse effect is to use dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to convert carbon dioxide from the air into useful products, such as hydrocarbons, which can also store energy from the sun, a plentiful, clean, and safe resource. The conversion of CO2 can help reduce the impacts of greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming. However, there is a major obstacle in using DSSCs, since many solar devices operate with organic electrolytes, producing pollutants including toxic substances. Therefore, a key research area is to find new eco-friendly electrolytes that can effectively dissolve carbon dioxide. One option is to use deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which are potential substitutes for ionic liquids (ILs) and have similar advantages, such as being customizable, economical, and environmentally friendly. DESs are composed of low-cost materials and have very low toxicity and high biodegradability, making them suitable for use as electrolytes in DSSCs, within the framework of green chemistry. The purpose of this brief review is to explore the existing knowledge about how CO2 dissolves in DESs and how these solvents can be used as electrolytes in solar devices, especially in DSSCs. The physical and chemical properties of the DESs are described, and areas are suggested where further research should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatereh A Pishro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) São José do Rio Preto SP 15054-000 Brazil +55 17 32212512 +55 17 32212512
| | - Mario Henrique Gonzalez
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM) São José do Rio Preto SP 15054-000 Brazil +55 17 32212512 +55 17 32212512
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Maity N, Polok K, Piatkowski P, Smortsova Y, Miannay FA, Gadomski W, Idrissi A. Effect of Mixture Composition on the Photophysics of Indoline Dyes in Imidazolium Ionic Liquid-Molecular Solvent Mixtures: A Femtosecond Transient Absorption Study. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38687688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
We conducted a study on the photophysics of three indoline dyes, D102, D149, and D205, in binary mixtures of ionic liquids (IL) and polar aprotic molecular solvents (MS). Specifically, we examined the behavior of these dyes in IL-MS mixtures containing four different imidazolium-based ILs and three different polar aprotic MSs. Our investigation involved several techniques, including stationary absorption and emission measurements, as well as femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Through our analysis, we discovered a peculiar behavior of several photophysical properties at low IL mole fractions (0 < XIL < 0.2). Indeed, in this range of mixture composition, the absorption maximum wavelength decreases noticeably, while the emission maximum wavelength and the Stokes shift, expressed in wavenumbers, reach a maximum. while a minimum occurs in the relative quantum yield and the excited state lifetime. These results indicate that the solvation of dye undergoes a large change in this range of mixture composition. We found that, at high ionic liquid content, the excited relaxation times are correlated with the high viscosity, while at low content, it is the polarity of the solvent that influences the behavior of the excited relaxation times. At a mixture composition of around 0.10, the behavior of the photophysical properties of the studied IL-MS mixtures indicates a crossover between situations where the solvation is dominated by that of ions and that dominated by the solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishith Maity
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany
| | - Kamil Polok
- Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Intermolecular Interactions, University of Warsaw, ̇wirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Piotr Piatkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Intermolecular Interactions, University of Warsaw, ̇wirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | | | - François-Alexandre Miannay
- CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIRe, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la réactivité et l'Environement, Universiy of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Wojciech Gadomski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Intermolecular Interactions, University of Warsaw, ̇wirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Abdenacer Idrissi
- CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIRe, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions, la réactivité et l'Environement, Universiy of Lille, Lille F-59000, France
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8
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Kushwaha A, Srivastava D, Prakash O, Kociok-Köhn G, Gosavi SW, Chauhan R, Muddassir M, Kumar A. 1,1'-Bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene appended d 8- and d 10-configuration based thiosquarates: the molecular and electronic configurational insights into their sensitization and co-sensitization properties for dye sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6818-6829. [PMID: 38546210 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00151f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Three new d8- and d10-configuration based 1,1'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf) appended thiosquarates complexes with general composition [M(mtsq)2dppf] (M = Ni2+ (NiL2); Zn2+ (ZnL2) and Cd2+ (CdL2)) (mtsq = 3-ethoxycyclobutenedione-4-thiolate) have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically as well as in case of NiL2 by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The single crystal X-ray analysis reveals square planar geometry around Ni(II) in NiL2, where Ni(II) coordinates with two sulfur centres of two mtsq ligands in monodentate fashion and two phosphorus of a dppf ligand in chelating mode. The supramolecular architecture of NiL2 is sustained by intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions to form one-dimensional chain. Further, the application of these newly synthesized complexes as sensitizers and co-sensitizers/co-absorbents with ruthenium based N719 sensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been explored. The DSSC set-up based on NiL2 offers best photovoltaic performance with photovoltaic efficiency (η) 5.12%, short-circuit current (Jsc) 11.60 mA cm-2, open circuit potential (Voc) 0.690 V and incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) 63%. In co-sensitized DSSC set-up, ZnL2 along with state-of-the-art N719 dye displays best photovoltaic performance with η 6.65%, Jsc 14.47 mA cm-2, Voc 0.729 V and IPCE 69%, thereby showing an improvement by 15.25% in photovoltaic efficiency in comparison to the photovoltaic efficiency of N719 sensitized DSSC set-up. Variation in co-sensitization behaviour have been ascribed to the differences in the excited state energy level of co-sensitizers. The ZnL2 and CdL2 have a higher energy level position than N719 dye, allowing efficient electron transfer to N719 during light irradiation, while excited state of NiL2 is lower than N719 dye, preventing photoexcited electron transfer to N719, resulting in its lowest overall efficiency among the three co-sensitized DSSC setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Devyani Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India.
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India.
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Mai S, Zhang W, Mu X, Cao J. Structural Decoration of Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine Photovoltaic Materials. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400217. [PMID: 38494448 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Porphyrin/phthalocyanine compounds with fascinating molecular structures have attracted widespread attention in the field of solar cells in recent years. In this review, we focus on the pivotal role of porphyrin and phthalocyanine compounds in enhancing the efficiency of solar cells. The review seamlessly integrates the intricate molecular structures of porphyrins and phthalocyanines with their proficiency in absorbing visible light and facilitating electron transfer, key processes in converting sunlight into electricity. By delving into the nuances of intramolecular regulation, aggregated states, and surface/interface structure manipulation, it elucidates how various levels of molecular modifications enhance solar cell efficiency through improved charge transfer, stability, and overall performance. This comprehensive exploration provides a detailed understanding of the complex relationship between molecular design and solar cell performance, discussing current advancements and potential future applications of these molecules in solar energy technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weilun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xijiao Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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10
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Sanusi K, Olukoya AO, Sanyaolu NO, Ibikunle AA, Yussuf ST, Ogundare SA, Fatomi NO, Atewolara-Odule OC, Khoza PB. The Performance Evaluation of Meso-Tetraphenyl Porphyrin and Azo Dyes as Photosensitizers in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03632-w. [PMID: 38427223 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The photovoltaic properties of five different mono-azo function and meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin dyes have been investigated by computational DFT/TDDFT calculations and measurement of the J-V properties of their cells. The photovoltaic efficiency of the cells based on these dyes were determined by both experimental and theoretical methods. The efficiency-to-cost ratios of the azo-dye cells showed that they could be cheaper substitutes to porphyrin-based cells. Eriochrome blue black (EBB) and eriochrome black T (EBT) cells were shown to possess the best photovoltaic properties by the two methods employed (theory and experiment). The presence of two naphthol moieties at both ends of their -N = N- group has been adduced as possible reason for their relatively outstanding performance. The extremely low efficiency-to-cost ratio obtained for cell-POR suggests that the use of porphyrin as sensitizer may not be as economically viable as some azo dyes. MTO, EBB and EBT were found to be the most cost-effective among the investigated dyes. The porphyrin's low performance may have been amplified by the absence of an effective anchor group in its molecular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayode Sanusi
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Anuoluwapo O Olukoya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Nurudeen O Sanyaolu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adeola A Ibikunle
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Sodiq T Yussuf
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Segun A Ogundare
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Nafisat O Fatomi
- Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Phindile B Khoza
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Kwazulu Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 3629, South Africa
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Cheng M, Jiang J, Yan C, Lin Y, Mortazavi M, Kaul AB, Jiang Q. Progress and Application of Halide Perovskite Materials for Solar Cells and Light Emitting Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:391. [PMID: 38470722 PMCID: PMC10933891 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Halide perovskite materials have attracted worldwide attention in the photovoltaic area due to the rapid improvement in efficiency, from less than 4% in 2009 to 26.1% in 2023 with only a nanometer lever photo-active layer. Meanwhile, this nova star found applications in many other areas, such as light emitting, sensor, etc. This review started with the fundamentals of physics and chemistry behind the excellent performance of halide perovskite materials for photovoltaic/light emitting and the methods for preparing them. Then, it described the basic principles for solar cells and light emitting devices. It summarized the strategies including nanotechnology to improve the performance and the application of halide perovskite materials in these two areas: from structure-property relation to how each component in the devices affects the overall performance. Moreover, this review listed the challenges for the future applications of halide perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoding Cheng
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Jingtian Jiang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Chao Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yuankun Lin
- Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Mansour Mortazavi
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
| | - Anupama B Kaul
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA
| | - Qinglong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA
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Cao TND, Wang T, Peng Y, Hsu HY, Mukhtar H, Yu CP. Photo-assisted microbial fuel cell systems: critical review of scientific rationale and recent advances in system development. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:31-46. [PMID: 36424845 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2115874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems such as microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have gained extensive attention due to their abilities to simultaneously treat wastewater and generate renewable energy resources. Recently, to boost the system performance, the photoelectrode has been incorporated into MFCs for effectively exploiting the synergistic interaction between light and microorganisms, and the resultant device is known as photo-assisted microbial fuel cells (photo-MFCs). Combined with the metabolic reaction of organic compounds by microorganisms, photo-MFCs are capable of simultaneously converting both chemical energy and light energy into electricity. This article aims to systematically review the recent advances in photo-MFCs, including the introduction of specific photosynthetic microorganisms used in photo-MFCs followed by the discussion of the fundamentals and configurations of photo-MFCs. Moreover, the materials used for photoelectrodes and their fabrication approaches are also explored. This review has shown that the innovative strategy of utilizing photoelectrodes in photo-MFCs is promising and further studies are warranted to strengthen the system stability under long-term operation for advancing practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ngoc Dan Cao
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - TsingHai Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chongli, Taiwan
| | - Yong Peng
- School of Energy and Environment, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hussnain Mukhtar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Luff MS, Kerpen C, Sprenger JAP, Finze M, Radius U. Nickel(II) Cyanoborates and Cyanoborate-Ligated Nickel(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2204-2216. [PMID: 38206799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Nickel(II) cyanoborates Ni[BH2(CN)2]2·H2O (1b·H2O), Ni[BH(CN)3]2·0.5H2O (1c·0.5H2O), and Ni[B(CN)4]2·0.5H2O (1d·0.5H2O) were synthesized, and their reactivity with respect to dppeO2 (=1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphinoethane dioxide)), pyNO (=pyridine-N-oxide), dppe (=1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphinoethane), and DMSO (=dimethyl sulfoxide) was examined. Using these ligands, either cyanoborate (CB) complex salts of [Ni(dppe)2]2+ (2b-d) and [Ni(pyNO)6]2+ (3c-d) were isolated or complexes [Ni(DMSO)4{NC-B(CN)3}2] (1dDMSO) and [Ni(dppeO2)2{NC-B(CN)3}2] (1ddppeO2) were formed. Salt metathesis of [Ni(dppe)Cl2] with alkali metal cyanoborates resulted in mono- and disubstituted coordination compounds [Ni(dppe){NC-BH(CN)2}Cl] (5c) and [Ni(dppe){NC-BH2CN)2}] (4b), which decomposed to salts 2b-d. The synthetical pathways explored offer convenient routes to nickel(II) cyanoborates, nickel(II) complexes ligated with cyanoborates, and nickel(II) complex salts of cyanoborates. Further, our studies demonstrate the diverse character of cyanoborates in coordination chemistry as noncoordinating counteranions and also as medium coordinating anions forming novel transition-metal complexes and salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Luff
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kerpen
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan A P Sprenger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Jadhav AP, Singh AK, Pandya R, Vanka K, Krishnamoorthy K, Jayaraj N. Far-red active unsymmetrical squaraine dyes containing N-arylated indoline donors for dye sensitized solar cells. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38282075 DOI: 10.1111/php.13907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Squaraine dyes possess sharp far-red active transition with high extinction coefficient and form aggregates on TiO2 surface. Aggregation of dyes on TiO2 has been considered as a detrimental factor for DSSC device performance, which can be controlled by appending alkyl groups to the dye structures. Hence by integrating alkylated (alkyl groups with both in-plane and out-of-plane) aryl group with indoline moiety to make it compatible with other electrolytes and for controlling the dye-aggregation, a series of squaraine acceptor-based dyes SQA4-6 have been designed and synthesized. SQA4-6 dyes showed absorption between 642 and 653 nm (λmax ), photophysical and electrochemical studies indicated that the HOMO energy levels of this sets of dyes are well aligned with the potentials of I- /I 3 - $$ {\mathrm{I}}_3^{-} $$ and [Co(bpy)3 ]2+/3+ redox shuttles for better dye regeneration process. DSSC device efficiency of 3% has been achieved for SQA5 dye with iodolyte (I- /I 3 - $$ {\mathrm{I}}_3^{-} $$ ) electrolyte in the presence of 0.3 mM of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). The IPCE profile of DSSC device fabricated with SQA4-6 dyes indicated the contribution of aggregated structures for the photocurrent generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash P Jadhav
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ambarish Kumar Singh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rinu Pandya
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Nithyanandhan Jayaraj
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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15
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Wang J, Gadenne V, Patrone L, Raimundo JM. Self-Assembled Monolayers of Push-Pull Chromophores as Active Layers and Their Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:559. [PMID: 38338304 PMCID: PMC10856137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, considerable attention has been focused on the design and development of surfaces with defined or tunable properties for a wide range of applications and fields. To this end, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic compounds offer a unique and straightforward route of modifying and engineering the surface properties of any substrate. Thus, alkane-based self-assembled monolayers constitute one of the most extensively studied organic thin-film nanomaterials, which have found wide applications in antifouling surfaces, the control of wettability or cell adhesion, sensors, optical devices, corrosion protection, and organic electronics, among many other applications, some of which have led to their technological transfer to industry. Nevertheless, recently, aromatic-based SAMs have gained importance as functional components, particularly in molecular electronics, bioelectronics, sensors, etc., due to their intrinsic electrical conductivity and optical properties, opening up new perspectives in these fields. However, some key issues affecting device performance still need to be resolved to ensure their full use and access to novel functionalities such as memory, sensors, or active layers in optoelectronic devices. In this context, we will present herein recent advances in π-conjugated systems-based self-assembled monolayers (e.g., push-pull chromophores) as active layers and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlong Wang
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, AMUTech, 13288 Marseille, France;
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Virginie Gadenne
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
| | - Lionel Patrone
- ISEN, Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IM2NP, AMUtech, 83041 Toulon ou Marseille, France;
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16
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Zhao C, Zhang Z, Ran X, Zhang T, Yu X, Jin L. Screening novel candidates of ZL003-based organic dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells by modifying auxiliary electron acceptors: A theoretical study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123880. [PMID: 38277789 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a series of ZL003-based free-metal sensitizers with the donor-acceptor-π- conjugated spacer-acceptor (D-A-π-A) structure were designed by modifying auxiliary electron acceptors for the potential application in dye-sensitized solar cells. The energy levels of frontier molecular orbitals, absorption spectra, electronic transition, and photovoltaic parameters for all studied dyes were systematically evaluated using density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT calculations. Results illustrated that thienopyrazine (TPZ), selenadiazolopyridine (SDP), and thiadiazolopyridine (TDP) are excellent electron acceptors, and dye sensitizers functionalized by these acceptors have smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps, obviously red-shifted absorption bands and stronger light harvesting. The present study revealed that the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of ZL003 is around 13.42 % with a JSC of 20.21 mA·cm-2, VOC of 966 mV and FF of 0.688 under the AM 1.5G sun exposure, in good agreement with its experimental value (PCE = 13.6 ± 0.2 %, JSC = 20.73 ± 0.20 mA·cm-2, VOC = 956 ± 5 mV, and FF = 0.685 ± 0.005.). With the same procedure, the PCE values for M4, M6, and M7 were estimated to be as high as 19.93 %, 15.38 %, and 15.80 % respectively. Hence, these three dyes are expected to be highly efficient organic sensitizers applied in practical DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caibin Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, PR China.
| | - Zhenjia Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, PR China
| | - Xuzhou Ran
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, PR China
| | - Tianlei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, PR China
| | - Lingxia Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, School of Chemical and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723001, PR China.
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Deshmukh SS, Maibam A, Krishnamurty S, Krishnamoorthy K, Nithyanandhan J. Visible-Light-Active Unsymmetrical Squaraine Dyes with Pyridyl Anchoring Groups for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:251-263. [PMID: 38115198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Visible-light-active alkyl group-wrapped unsymmetrical squaraine dyes SD1-SD3 were synthesized, featuring an indoline donor and pyridine and carboxylic acid anchoring groups. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic characteristics were examined by fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) device. Both carboxylic acid and pyridine anchoring groups containing squaraine dyes SD3 and SD2 possess similar photophysical and electrochemical characteristics. However, their photovoltaic performances were completely different. The SD3 dye with the carboxylic acid anchoring group displayed a DSSC device efficiency of 7.20% (VOC 0.81 V; JSC 12.29 mA/cm2) using iodolyte (I-/I3-) electrolyte, compared to SD1 (VOC 0.659 V; JSC 4.97 mA/cm2; and η - 2.34%) and SD2 (VOC 0.629 V; JSC 1.68 mA/cm2; and η - 0.84%), which were featured with pyridyl anchoring groups. These results were attributed to dye loading on the Lewis and Brønsted acidic sites of TiO2 and the importance of aggregated structures for photocurrent generation. In the incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) analysis, SD1 dye-sensitized devices exhibited photocurrent generation from both monomeric and aggregated dyes on the TiO2 surface. In contrast, SD2 showed photocurrent generation solely from aggregated states. Despite the introduction of long alkyl chains to reduce dye aggregation and charge recombination, the results indicated preferential charge injection from only the aggregated SD2 dye on TiO2. Fluorescence-quenching experiments indicated an efficient charge transfer from the aggregated SD2 dye to TiO2 compared to that of the monomeric dye. Cosensitization, a method to enhance the light-harvesting efficiency and photocurrent generation in DSSCs, was explored by simultaneously cosensitizing pyridyl-based dyes (SD1 and SD2) with a blue-colored carboxylic acid-based squaraine dye SD4. IPCE analysis demonstrated that both SD1 and SD4 contributed to generating a photocurrent of 9.11 mA/cm2. The sequential cosensitization of SD1 and SD4 with the coadsorbent CDCA showed the highest performance, with a VOC of 0.663 V, a JSC of 11.43 mA/cm2, and an efficiency (η) of 5.20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivdeep Suresh Deshmukh
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashakiran Maibam
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sailaja Krishnamurty
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jayaraj Nithyanandhan
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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18
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Gupta RK, Shaikh H, Imran A, Bedja I, Ajaj AF, Aldwayyan AS, Khan A, Ayub R. Electrical transport properties of [(1 - x)succinonitrile: xpoly(ethylene oxide)]-LiCF 3SO 3-Co[tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)] 3(TFSI) 2-Co[tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)] 3(TFSI) 3 solid redox mediators. RSC Adv 2024; 14:539-547. [PMID: 38173611 PMCID: PMC10759195 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A solid redox mediator (solid electrolyte) with an electrical conductivity (σ25°C) greater than 10-4 S cm-1 is an essential requirement for a dye-sensitized solar cell in the harsh weather of Gulf countries. This paper reports the electrical properties of solid redox mediators prepared using highly dissociable ionic salts: Co[tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)]3(TFSI)2, Co[tris-(2,2'-bipyridine)]3(TFSI)3, and LiCF3SO3 as a source of Co2+, Co3+, and Li+ ions, respectively, in a solid matrix: [(1 - x)succinonitrile:xpoly(ethylene oxide)], where x = 0, 0.5, and 1 in weight fraction. In the presence of large size of cations (Co2+ and Co3+) and large-sized and weakly-coordinated anions (TFSI- and CF3SO3-), only the succinonitrile-poly(ethylene oxide) blend (x = 0.5) resulted in highly conductive amorphous regions with σ25°C of 4.7 × 10-4 S cm-1 for EO/Li+ = 108.4 and 3.1 × 10-4 S cm-1 for EO/Li+ = 216.8. These values are slightly lower than 1.5 × 10-3 S cm-1 for x = 0 and higher than 6.3 × 10-7 S cm-1 for x = 1. Only blend-based electrolytes exhibited a downward curve in the log σ-T-1 plot, a low value of pseudo-activation energy (0.06 eV), a high degree of transparency, and high thermal stability, making it useful for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamid Shaikh
- SABIC Polymer Research Centre, College of Engineering, King Saud University Riyadh 11421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Idriss Bedja
- Cornea Research Chair, Department of Optometry, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh 11433 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Fahad Ajaj
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saleh Aldwayyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
- K.A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Centre, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Aslam Khan
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Ayub
- Department of Science, Technology and Innovation Unit, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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19
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Wang D, Li Y, Ding Y, Jia X, Zhong D, Zhang X, Zhao J, Fang Y. Facile Synthesis of a Multifunctional SnO 2 Nanoparticles/Nanosheets Composite for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44578-44585. [PMID: 38046349 PMCID: PMC10688124 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing SnO2 composite nanostructures via a facile one-step method has been proven to be a great challenge. By adjusting operating variables, such as the reaction solution's pH and solvent type, several SnO2 nanostructures, in particular, a function-matching SnO2 hybrid structure composed of irregular zero-dimensional nanoparticles (NPs) and two-dimensional nanosheets (NSs), could be created. The as-prepared SnO2 composites were then characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to determine their physical properties. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) constructed with the resultant multifunctional SnO2 NPs/NSs composite exhibited the highest overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.16% among all products with a corresponding short-circuit current density of 18.6 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.626 V. The improved performance can be attributed to the combined effects of each component in the composite, i.e., the intentionally introduced nanosheets provide desired electron transport and enhanced light scattering capability, while the nanoparticles retain their large surface area for efficient dye absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yimin Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiangchen Jia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Daopeng Zhong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory
of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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20
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Gobbato T, Volpato GA, Sartorel A, Bonchio M. A breath of sunshine: oxygenic photosynthesis by functional molecular architectures. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12402-12429. [PMID: 38020375 PMCID: PMC10646967 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of light into chemical energy is the game-changer enabling technology for the energetic transition to renewable and clean solar fuels. The photochemistry of interest includes the overall reductive/oxidative splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen and alternatives based on the reductive conversion of carbon dioxide or nitrogen, as primary sources of energy-rich products. Devices capable of performing such transformations are based on the integration of three sequential core functions: light absorption, photo-induced charge separation, and the photo-activated breaking/making of molecular bonds via specific catalytic routes. The key to success does not rely simply on the individual components' performance, but on their optimized integration in terms of type, number, geometry, spacing, and linkers dictating the photosynthetic architecture. Natural photosynthesis has evolved along this concept, by integrating each functional component in one specialized "body" (from the Greek word "soma") to enable the conversion of light quanta with high efficiency. Therefore, the natural "quantasome" represents the key paradigm to inspire man-made constructs for artificial photosynthesis. The case study presented in this perspective article deals with the design of artificial photosynthetic systems for water oxidation and oxygen production, engineered as molecular architectures then rendered on electrodic surfaces. Water oxidation to oxygen is indeed the pervasive oxidative reaction used by photosynthetic organisms, as the source of reducing equivalents (electrons and protons) to be delivered for the processing of high-energy products. Considering the vast and abundant supply of water (including seawater) as a renewable source on our planet, this is also a very appealing option for photosynthetic energy devices. We will showcase the progress in the last 15 years (2009-2023) in the strategies for integrating functional building blocks as molecular photosensitizers, multi-redox water oxidation catalysts and semiconductor materials, highlighting how additional components such as redox mediators, hydrophilic/hydrophobic pendants, and protective layers can impact on the overall photosynthetic performance. Emerging directions consider the modular tuning of the multi-component device, in order to target a diversity of photocatalytic oxidations, expanding the scope of the primary electron and proton sources while enhancing the added-value of the oxidation product beyond oxygen: the selective photooxidation of organics combines the green chemistry vision with renewable energy schemes and is expected to explode in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gobbato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Giulia Alice Volpato
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
- ITM-CNR Section of Padova, INSTM Unit of Padova via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
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21
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Sharma SJ, Sekar N. A promising small-sized near-infrared absorbing zwitterionic dye for DSSC and NLO applications: DFT and TD-DFT approaches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30023-30039. [PMID: 37905435 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03858k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we investigate three quinoid zwitterionic dye sensitizers having donor-donor (4-dimethylaniline; ZIDM), donor-acceptor (4-dimethylaniline and 4-benzoic acid; ZIMCA), and acceptor-acceptor (4-benzoic acid; ZIDCA) that can be used in dye sensitized-solar cells and non-linear optical (NLO) application through density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT computations. ZIDM showed better charge transfer than ZIMCA and ZIDCA, which showed similar trends in chemical potential, electrophilicity index, hardness, and hyperhardness. The higher values of open circuit voltage, light harvesting efficiency, lower binding, and adsorption energy values for the dye to bind with the TiO2 cluster were observed for ZIDM. The results suggest that these dyes can easily hold with the TiO2 cluster through the monodentate binding mode possible between Ti and oxygen of the zwitterionic backbone. The examination of the linear and NLO properties of these dyes revealed that ZIDM has a higher α0 = 80.64 × 10-24 esu, β0 = 448.54 × 10-30 esu, and γ = 2219.23 × 10-36 esu in DCM. Similarly, higher values of molecular hyperpolarizability of 1335.0 × 10-48 esu and 8818.3 × 10-48 esu were observed in gas and DCM for ZIDM than ZIMCA and ZIDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryapratap J Sharma
- Dyestuff Technology Department (Currently named as Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology), Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Nagaiyan Sekar
- Dyestuff Technology Department (Currently named as Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology), Institute of Chemical Technology, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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22
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Consiglio G, Gorcyński A, Petralia S, Forte G. Predicting the dye-sensitized solar cell performance of novel linear carbon chain-based dyes: insights from DFT simulations. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15995-16004. [PMID: 37847522 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01856c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we employ density functional theory (DFT) simulations to predict the energy conversion efficiency of a novel class of organic dyes based on linear carbon chain (LCC) linkers for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We investigate the role of the anchoring group, which serves as a bridge connecting the linker and the surface. Specifically, we compare the performance of cyanoacrylic acid, dyes PY-4N and PY-3N, with that of phosphonate derivatives, dyes PY-4NP and PY-3NP, wherein the carboxylic group of the cyanoacrylic moiety is replaced with phosphonic acid. The observed variations in the UV/VIS absorption spectra have a slight impact on the light harvesting efficiency (LHE). Based on the empirical parameters we have taken into account, the electron injection efficiency (Φinj) and electron collection efficiency (ηcoll) values do not impact the short-circuit current density (JSC) values of all the studied dyes. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) is theoretically predicted using the improved normal model (INM) method. Among the dyes, PY-4N and PY-3N demonstrate the highest Voc values. This can be attributed to a more favorable recombination rate value, which is related to the energy gap between the HOMO level of the dyes and the conduction band minimum (CBM) of the surface. Dyes PY-4N and PY-3N are predicted to demonstrate remarkably high photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) values of approximately 21.79% and 16.52%, respectively, and therefore, they are expected to be potential candidates as organic dyes for applications in DSSCs. It is worth noting that PY-4NP and PY-3NP exhibit strong adsorption energy on the surface and interesting PCE values of 11.66% and 8.29%, respectively. This opens up possibilities for their application in DSSCs either as standalone sensitizers or as co-sensitizers alongside metal-free organic dyes or organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Consiglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy
| | - Adam Gorcyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Salvatore Petralia
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Forte
- Department of Drug Sciences and Health, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 64, 95125, Italy.
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23
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Shukor NIA, Chan KY, Thien GSH, Yeoh ME, Low PL, Devaraj NK, Ng ZN, Yap BK. A Green Approach to Natural Dyes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8412. [PMID: 37896506 PMCID: PMC10610988 DOI: 10.3390/s23208412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells are pivotal in harnessing renewable energy for a greener and more sustainable energy landscape. Nonetheless, eco-friendly materials for solar cells have not been as extensive as conventional counterparts, highlighting a significant area for further investigation in advancing sustainable energy technologies. This study investigated natural dyes from cost-effective and environmentally friendly blueberries and mulberries. These dyes were utilized as alternative sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Alongside the natural dyes, a green approach was adopted for the DSSC design, encompassing TiO2 photoanodes, eco-friendly electrolytes, and green counter-electrodes created from graphite pencils and candle soot. Consequently, the best-optimized dye sensitizer was mulberry, with an output power of 13.79 µW and 0.122 µW for outdoor and indoor environments, respectively. This study underscored the feasibility of integrating DSSCs with sensitizers derived from readily available food ingredients, potentially expanding their applications in educational kits and technology development initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Izzati Abdul Shukor
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia (N.K.D.)
- Intel Corporation, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Yoong Chan
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia (N.K.D.)
| | - Gregory Soon How Thien
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia (N.K.D.)
| | - Mian-En Yeoh
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia (N.K.D.)
| | - Pei-Ling Low
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia (N.K.D.)
| | - Nisha Kumari Devaraj
- Centre for Advanced Devices and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia (N.K.D.)
| | - Zi-Neng Ng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, Sepang 43900, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Boon Kar Yap
- Electronic and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- International School of Advanced Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510640, China
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24
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Al-Taweel S, Al-Trawneh S, Al-Dmour H, Al-Gzawat O, Alhalasah W, Mousa M. Effect of thiophene rings rigidity on dye-sensitized solar cell performance. Dithienothiophene versus terthiophene as π- donor moiety. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21039. [PMID: 37886744 PMCID: PMC10597862 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Solar cells are fabricated based on two new dyes. Dye acts as an additive to thin layer interface. The effect of the π -conjugated rigidity of the thiophene rings on the photovoltaic characteristics has been investigated. The structures of the dye 1 was based on dithieno [3,2-b:2',3'-d] thiophene-2-cyanoacrylic acid, while dye 2 was based on [2,2':5',2″-terthiophene]-5-cyanoacrylic acid and were confirmed by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral data. The P3HT/dye 1/nc-TiO2 solar cell produced the highest efficiency of 0.3 % with an open circuit voltage of 0.7 V compared to dye 2 solar cell. This has been attributed to the difference in energy levels of the dyes and location of their HOMO relative to conduction and valence bands of nc-TiO2. The dye 1 has rigid fused thiophene rings and its HOMO is located between valence band of TiO2 and HOMO of P3HT which leads to improve the charge carrier separation and increase the current density to reach 1.2 mA/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Al-Taweel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Salah Al-Trawneh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Hmoud Al-Dmour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Osamah Al-Gzawat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
| | - Wasim Alhalasah
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Fund, Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Amman, Jordan
| | - Marwan Mousa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Mu'tah, 61710, Jordan
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25
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Sekaran B, Guragain M, Misra R, D'Souza F. β-Pyrrole Functionalized Push or Pull Porphyrins: Excited Charge Transfer Promoted Singlet Oxygen Generation. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7964-7975. [PMID: 37707534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) producing photosensitizers are highly sought for developing new photodynamic therapy agents and facilitating 1O2-involved chemical reactions. Often singlet oxygen is produced by the reaction of triplet-excited photosensitizers with dioxygen via an energy transfer mechanism. In the present study, we demonstrate a charge transfer mechanism to produce singlet oxygen involving push or pull functionalized porphyrins. For this, 20 β-pyrrole functionalized porphyrins carrying either an electron-rich push or electron-deficient pull group have been newly synthesized. Photoexcitation of these push-pull porphyrins has been shown to produce high-energy MPδ+-Aδ- or MPδ--Dδ+ charge transfer states. Subsequent charge recombination results in populating the triplet excited states of extended lifetimes in the case of the push group containing porphyrins that eventually react with dioxygen to produce the reactive singlet oxygen of relatively higher quantum yields. The effect of the push and pull groups on the porphyrin periphery in governing initial charge transfer, the population of triplet excited states and their lifetimes, and resulting in improved singlet oxygen quantum yields are systematically probed. The improved performance of 1O2 generation by porphyrins carrying push groups is borne out from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijesh Sekaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Manan Guragain
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Rajneesh Misra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore 453552, India
| | - Francis D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
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26
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Vasilopoulou M, Mohd Yusoff ARB, Nazeeruddin MK. Background and Basic Knowledge of Perovskite Solar Cells. PRINTABLE MESOSCOPIC PEROVSKITE SOLAR CELLS 2023:1-18. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527834297.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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27
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Zhou H, Ji JM, Lee HS, Masud, Aftabuzzaman M, Lee DN, Kim CH, Kim HK. D-π-A Structured Porphyrin and Organic Dyes with Easily Synthesizable Donor Units for Low-Cost and Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39426-39434. [PMID: 37578375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop low-cost D-π-A structured porphyrin and organic dyes with easily synthesizable donor units instead of the conventional complex multistep synthetic donor unit of Hexyloxy-BPFA [bis(7-(2,4-bis(hexyloxy)phenyl)-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amine] used in SGT-021 and SGT-149 as well-known record cosensitizers with an extremely high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The design strategy concerned the easier synthesis of low-cost donor units with inversion structures in donor groups via donor structural engineering, particularly by changing the position of the fluorene and phenylene units in the donor moiety while keeping the π-bridge and acceptor unit unchanged, leading to the synthesis of two D-π-A structured porphyrins [SGT-021(D0) and SGT-021(D)] and one D-π-A structured organic sensitizer [SGT-149(D)] for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Specifically, porphyrin SGT-021(D0) incorporated two hexyl chains into the 9-position of each fluorene, while SGT-021(D) and SGT-149(D) substituted two hexyloxy chain units to the terminal position of each fluorene in the donor groups of porphyrin dyes. The effect of the position of the fluorene and phenylene units in the donor moiety on the photochemical and electrochemical properties, as well as the photovoltaic performance, was compared with the reference dyes of SGT-021 and SGT-149, previously reported by the research group. After optimizing the DSSC devices, SGT-021(D) and SGT-021(D0) achieved a high PCE of 11.6 and 10.5%, respectively, while SGT-149(D) exhibited a little lower PCE of 10.3% under the standard AM 1.5G light intensity. The cell performance of DSSC devices based on SGT-021(D) and SGT-149(D) was inferior to the corresponding reference dyes of SGT-021 and SGT-149 due to their lower donating ability of Hexyloxy-BPFA than Hexyloxy-BFPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhou
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory (REML), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ji
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45740 Melheim, Germany
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Masud
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Mohammad Aftabuzzaman
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Dong-Nam Lee
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Antibonding Regulated Crystals, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
| | - Hwan Kyu Kim
- Global GET-Future Lab. and Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 339-700, Korea
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28
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Dorfner AL, Locoteta DP, Messinger CD, Ramsey MR, Kim NY, Sadzaglishvili E, Kranick JC, Kuehner JS, Timony CJ, Langton M, Winklarek JE, Tucker LJ, O'Donnell JL. Non-isothermal cold crystallization of liquid crystalline porphyrins. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6414-6422. [PMID: 37581239 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00760j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of liquid crystalline porphyrins was synthesized, purified, and characterized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and hot-stage polarized optical microscopy (HS-POM) revealed that the porphyrins in the series with shorter alkyl arm lengths exhibit kinetic cold crystallization, wherein the molecules spontaneously organize into large, disc-like structures that remain stable upon cooling. Using DSC, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters related to these materials were determined. Analysis of non-isothermal crystallization revealed the presence of multiple nucleation and growth processes related to cold crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec L Dorfner
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Diana P Locoteta
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Caleb D Messinger
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Michael R Ramsey
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Nathaniel Y Kim
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Elene Sadzaglishvili
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Joshua C Kranick
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Joseph S Kuehner
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Collin J Timony
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Michelle Langton
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Jeffrey E Winklarek
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Lucas J Tucker
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
| | - Jodi L O'Donnell
- Siena College, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY, 12211, USA.
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29
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Xie M, Liu J, Dai L, Peng H, Xie Y. Advances and prospects of porphyrin derivatives in the energy field. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24699-24730. [PMID: 37601600 PMCID: PMC10436694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04345b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, porphyrin is developing rapidly in the fields of medicine, energy, catalysts, etc. More and more reports on its application are being published. This paper mainly takes the ingenious utilization of porphyrin derivatives in perovskite solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and lithium batteries as the background to review the design idea of functional materials based on the porphyrin structural unit in the energy sector. In addition, the modification and improvement strategies of porphyrin are presented by visually showing the molecular structures or the design synthesis routes of its functional materials. Finally, we provide some insights into the development of novel energy storage materials based on porphyrin frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Lianghong Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Hongjian Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Youqing Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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30
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Sánchez Vergara ME, Hernández Méndez JA, González Verdugo D, Giammattei Funes IM, Lozada Flores O. Influence of the Polymeric Matrix on the Optical and Electrical Properties of Copper Porphine-Based Semiconductor Hybrid Films. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3125. [PMID: 37514514 PMCID: PMC10386378 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the electrical and optical behavior of semiconductor hybrid films fabricated from octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine copper (CuP), embedded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and polystyrene (PS). The hybrid films were characterized structurally and morphologically using infrared spectroscopy (IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Subsequently, the PMMA:CuP and PS:CuP hybrid films were evaluated optically by UV-vis spectroscopy, as well as electrically, with the four-point collinear method. Hybrid films present a homogeneous and low roughness morphology. In addition, the PS matrix allows the crystallization of the porphin, while PMMA promotes the amorphous structure in CuP. The polymeric matrix also affects the optical behavior of the films, since the smallest optical gap (2.16 eV) and onset gap (1.89 eV), and the highest transparency are obtained in the film with a PMMA matrix. Finally, the electrical behavior in hybrid films is also affected by the matrix: the largest amount of current carried is approximately 0.01 A for the PS:CuP film, and 0.0015 A for the PMMA:CuP film. Thanks to the above properties, hybrid films are promising candidates for use in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Sánchez Vergara
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Mexico City 52786, Mexico
| | - Joaquín André Hernández Méndez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Mexico City 52786, Mexico
| | - Daniela González Verdugo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Anáhuac México, Avenida Universidad Anáhuac 46, Col. Lomas Anáhuac, Mexico City 52786, Mexico
| | | | - Octavio Lozada Flores
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Augusto Rodin 498, Mexico City 03920, Mexico
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31
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Nowsherwan GA, Iqbal MA, Rehman SU, Zaib A, Sadiq MI, Dogar MA, Azhar M, Maidin SS, Hussain SS, Morsy K, Choi JR. Numerical optimization and performance evaluation of ZnPC:PC70BM based dye-sensitized solar cell. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10431. [PMID: 37369767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37486-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in global energy consumption and the related ecological problems have generated a constant demand for alternative energy sources superior to traditional ones. This is why unlimited photon-energy harnessing is important. A notable focus to address this concern is on advancing and producing cost-effective low-loss solar cells. For efficient light energy capture and conversion, we fabricated a ZnPC:PC70BM-based dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and estimated its performance using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D). We evaluated the output parameters of the ZnPC:PC70BM-based DSSC with different photoactive layer thicknesses, series and shunt resistances, and back-metal work function. Our analyses show that moderate thickness, minimum series resistance, high shunt resistance, and high metal-work function are favorable for better device performance due to low recombination losses, electrical losses, and better transport of charge carriers. In addition, in-depth research for clarifying the impact of factors, such as thickness variation, defect density, and doping density of charge transport layers, has been conducted. The best efficiency value found was 10.30% after tweaking the parameters. It also provides a realistic strategy for efficiently utilizing DSSC cells by altering features that are highly dependent on DSSC performance and output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazi Aman Nowsherwan
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Iqbal
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Sajid Ur Rehman
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Aurang Zaib
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Sadiq
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
- Central South University Changsha, Hunan, 410017, China
| | - Muhammad Ammar Dogar
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Siti Sarah Maidin
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Syed Sajjad Hussain
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Kareem Morsy
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jeong Ryeol Choi
- School of Electronic Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16227, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Duan HB, Pan X, Yu SS, Zhang H. Two Schiff base iodide compounds as iodide ion conductors showing high conductivity. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18775-18778. [PMID: 37346954 PMCID: PMC10281492 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02416d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we reported the crystal structures, dielectric and conducting properties of two Schiff base iodide compounds [m-BrBz-1-APy]I3 (1) and [o-FBz-1-APy]I3 (2). The Schiff base cations build irregular channel frameworks, and the polyiodide anions are located in the channel. The impedance spectra demonstrated that the two compounds show intrinsic iodide ion conductance with higher conductivity of 1.03(4) × 10-4 S cm-1 at 343 K for 1 and 4.94(3) × 10-3 S cm-1 at 353 K for 2. The dielectric modulus analysis further confirmed that the conductance contributed to the migration of iodide ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Duan
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing 211171 P. R. China
| | - X Pan
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing 211171 P. R. China
| | - S S Yu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing 211171 P. R. China
| | - H Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University Nanjing 211171 P. R. China
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33
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Khir H, Pandey A, Saidur R, Ahmad MS, Rahim NA, Dewika M, Samykano M. Improved charge transfer through the minimal addition of Pb as a sintering aid to TiO2-based low-temperature dye sensitised solar cell. CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL 2023; 49:17620-17628. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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34
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Carvalho MA, Merahi K, Haumesser J, Pereira AMVM, Parizel N, Weiss J, Orio M, Maurel V, Ruhlmann L, Choua S, Ruppert R. Syntheses and Electrochemical and EPR Studies of Porphyrins Functionalized with Bulky Aromatic Amine Donors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114405. [PMID: 37298881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of nickel(II) porphyrins bearing one or two bulky nitrogen donors at the meso positions were prepared by using Ullmann methodology or more classical Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions to create the new C-N bonds. For several new compounds, single crystals were obtained, and the X-ray structures were solved. The electrochemical data of these compounds are reported. For a few representative examples, spectroelectrochemical measurements were used to clarify the electron exchange process. In addition, a detailed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study was performed to estimate the extent of delocalization of the generated radical cations. In particular, electron nuclear double resonance spectroscopy (ENDOR) was used to determine the coupling constants. DFT calculations were conducted to corroborate the EPR spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Ambre Carvalho
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Khalissa Merahi
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Haumesser
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Nathalie Parizel
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Weiss
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Campus of St Jérôme, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, CEDEX 20, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Maurel
- SyMMES, UMR 5819 CEA Grenoble/CNRS/Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, CEDEX 9, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Choua
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Romain Ruppert
- Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, Université de Strasbourg, Institut Le Bel, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Nejad ST, Rahimi R, Rabbani M, Rostamnia S. Facile photosynthesis of novel porphyrin-derived nanocomposites containing Ag, Ag/Au, and Ag/Cu for photobactericidal study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8580. [PMID: 37237037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this research, the one-step synthesis of novel porphyrin-based nanocomposites was performed easily using a photochemical under visible light illumination strategy. As a result, the focus of this research is on synthesizing and using decorated ZnTPP (zinc(II)tetrakis(4-phenyl)porphyrin) nanoparticles with Ag, Ag/AgCl/Cu, and Au/Ag/AgCl nanostructures as antibacterial agents. Initially, ZnTPP NPs were synthesized as a result of the self-assembly of ZnTPP. In the next step, in a visible-light irradiation photochemically process, the self-assembled ZnTPP nanoparticles were used to make ZnTPP/Ag NCs, ZnTPP/Ag/AgCl/Cu NCs, and ZnTPP/Au/Ag/AgCl NCs. A study on the antibacterial activity of nanocomposites was carried out for Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus as pathogen microorganisms by the plate count method, well diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values determination. Thereafter, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the flow cytometry method. All the antibacterial tests and the flow cytometry ROS measurements were carried out under LED light and in dark. The (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was applied to investigate the cytotoxicity of the ZnTPP/Ag/AgCl/Cu NCs, against Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) normal cells. Due to the specific properties such as admissible photosensitizing properties of porphyrin, mild reaction conditions, high antibacterial properties in the presence of LED light, crystal structure, and green synthesis, these nanocomposites were recognized as kinds of antibacterial materials that are activated in visible light, got the potential for use in a broad range of medical applications, photodynamic therapy, and water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajedeh Tehrani Nejad
- Inorganic Group, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Rahmatollah Rahimi
- Inorganic Group, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Mahboubeh Rabbani
- Inorganic Group, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rostamnia
- Organic and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), PO Box 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran.
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Deka R, Bora SR, Kalita DJ. Hopping transport in triphenylamine and indoline based semiconductors in the context of dye sensitized solar cells: A DFT Study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108514. [PMID: 37224593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have drawn a significant interest due to their low production cost, light weight, better flexibility in design, and better tunability. Herein, two metal free organic dyes based on donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) type architecture having methoxy substituted triphenyl amine (TPA) and methyl substituted indoline(IND) as the donor units, cyanoacrylic acid (CA) as the acceptor unit, and 8H-thieno [2', 3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b]thieno[2,3-d]pyrrole (TTP) unit as π-bridge are successfully designed for fabrication of DSSCs. To tune the optical properties, structural engineering has been carried out at the TTP unit via substituting different +I groups, viz., -H, -CH3, -OCH3, -CH2CH2, -SH, and -OH and different -I groups viz. -CF3, -COCH3, -COOH and -CN. Various structural, electronic and optical parameters are calculated for the designed dyes. Our study reveals that dyes substituted with electron withdrawing groups possess lower ΔH-L values for both TPA-CA and IND-CA groups of dyes. Moreover, the ESOP and GSOP values of all the dyes confirm the spontaneity of the electron injection and dye regeneration processes with respect to the conduction band of the TiO2 surface and redox potential of the I-/I3- redox couple. The absorption properties also manifest the red shift behavior of the designed dyes. Further, from the study of the structural and electronic properties of the dye-Ti5O10 clusters it is evident that the performance of the dyes get increased upon binding to the TiO2 surface. Hence, our study provides a good recommendation for further designing of dyes to enhance the performance of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India
| | - Smiti Rani Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, India
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Kumar V, Chetti P. The impact of aromatic π-spacers and internal acceptors in triphenylamine dyes for DSSCs: A DFT approach. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108512. [PMID: 37187040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In present work, the influence of internal acceptors and π-spacers on optoelectronic properties for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is investigated. The dyes consist of various internal acceptors (A), a triphenylamine donor and π-spacers combined with cyanoacrylic acid acceptor. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to inspect the dye geometries, charge transport characteristics and electronic excitations. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), highest occupied molecular orbital, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and HOMO-LUMO energy gap are assisted in the determination of suitable energy levels for electron transfer, electron injection and regeneration of dye. The required photovoltaic parameters like JSC, ΔGreg, ΔGinj, LHE and other associated parameters are presented. The results demonstrate that altering the π-bridge and adding an internal acceptor to the D-π-A scaffold changes the photovoltaic properties and absorption energies. Therefore, the key objective of the current effort is to launch a theoretical groundwork for suitable operational alterations and scheme in creating successful DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Prabhakar Chetti
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
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Kharboot LH, Fadil NA, Bakar TAA, Najib ASM, Nordin NH, Ghazali H. A Review of Transition Metal Sulfides as Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized and Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2881. [PMID: 37049175 PMCID: PMC10095893 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Third-generation solar cells, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), have been associated with low-cost material requirements, simple fabrication processes, and mechanical robustness. Hence, counter electrodes (CEs) are a critical component for the functionality of these solar cells. Although platinum (Pt)-based CEs have been dominant in CE fabrication, they are costly and have limited market availability. Therefore, it is important to find alternative materials to overcome these issues. Transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have demonstrated capabilities as a more cost-effective alternative to Pt materials. This advantage has been attributed to their strong electrocatalytic activity, excellent thermal stability, tunability of bandgap energies, and variable crystalline morphologies. In this study, a comprehensive review of the major components and working principles of the DSSC and QDSSC are presented. In developing CEs for DSSCs and QDSSCs, various TMS materials synthesized through several techniques are thoroughly reviewed. The performance efficiencies of DSSCs and QDSSCs resulting from TMS-based CEs are subjected to in-depth comparative analysis with Pt-based CEs. Thus, the power conversion efficiency (PCE), fill factor (FF), short circuit current density (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) are investigated. Based on this review, the PCEs for DSSCs and QDSSCs are found to range from 5.37 to 9.80% (I-/I3- redox couple electrolyte) and 1.62 to 6.70% (S-2/Sx- electrolyte). This review seeks to navigate the future direction of TMS-based CEs towards the performance efficiency improvement of DSSCs and QDSSCs in the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Haythoor Kharboot
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (L.H.K.); (T.A.A.B.); (A.S.M.N.)
| | - Nor Akmal Fadil
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (L.H.K.); (T.A.A.B.); (A.S.M.N.)
- Materials Research and Consultancy Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Tuty Asma Abu Bakar
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (L.H.K.); (T.A.A.B.); (A.S.M.N.)
- Materials Research and Consultancy Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdillah Sani Mohd Najib
- Department of Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (L.H.K.); (T.A.A.B.); (A.S.M.N.)
- Materials Research and Consultancy Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Norhuda Hidayah Nordin
- Department of Manufacturing and Material Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Habibah Ghazali
- College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Footscray Park Campus, Ballarat Road, Footscray, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
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Wang D, Hu Y, Li Y, Jia X, Fang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Self-Seeding Synthesis of Hierarchically Branched Rutile TiO 2 for High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9843-9853. [PMID: 36969442 PMCID: PMC10034777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a unique and straightforward room temperature-based wet-chemical technique for the self-seeding preparation of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically branched rutile TiO2, abbreviated HTs, employing titanate nanotubes as the precursor. In the course of the synthesis, spindle-like rutile TiO2 and the intermediate anatase phase were first obtained through a dissolution/precipitation/recrystallization process, with the former serving as the substrates and the latter as the nucleation precursor to growing the branches, which finally gave birth to the production of 3D HTs nanostructures. When the specifically created hierarchical TiO2 was used as the photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.32% was achieved, outperforming a typical TiO2 (P25) nanoparticle-based reference cell (η = 5.97%) under the same film thickness. The effective combination of robust light scattering, substantial dye loading, and fast electron transport for the HTs nanostructures is responsible for the remarkable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongting Wang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Xiangchen Jia
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Yuzhen Fang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhang
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University
of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xianxi Zhang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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40
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Cytter Y, Nandy A, Duan C, Kulik HJ. Insights into the deviation from piecewise linearity in transition metal complexes from supervised machine learning models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8103-8116. [PMID: 36876903 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Virtual high-throughput screening (VHTS) and machine learning (ML) with density functional theory (DFT) suffer from inaccuracies from the underlying density functional approximation (DFA). Many of these inaccuracies can be traced to the lack of derivative discontinuity that leads to a curvature in the energy with electron addition or removal. Over a dataset of nearly one thousand transition metal complexes typical of VHTS applications, we computed and analyzed the average curvature (i.e., deviation from piecewise linearity) for 23 density functional approximations spanning multiple rungs of "Jacob's ladder". While we observe the expected dependence of the curvatures on Hartree-Fock exchange, we note limited correlation of curvature values between different rungs of "Jacob's ladder". We train ML models (i.e., artificial neural networks or ANNs) to predict the curvature and the associated frontier orbital energies for each of these 23 functionals and then interpret differences in curvature among the different DFAs through analysis of the ML models. Notably, we observe spin to play a much more important role in determining the curvature of range-separated and double hybrids in comparison to semi-local functionals, explaining why curvature values are weakly correlated between these and other families of functionals. Over a space of 187.2k hypothetical compounds, we use our ANNs to pinpoint DFAs for which representative transition metal complexes have near-zero curvature with low uncertainty, demonstrating an approach to accelerate screening of complexes with targeted optical gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Cytter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aditya Nandy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chenru Duan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Gautam C, Srivastava D, Kociok-Köhn G, Gosavi SW, Sharma VK, Chauhan R, Late DJ, Kumar A, Muddassir M. Copper(ii) and cobalt(iii) Schiff base complexes with hydroxy anchors as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). RSC Adv 2023; 13:9046-9054. [PMID: 36950080 PMCID: PMC10025944 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Schiff base complexes of copper(ii) and cobalt(iii) having the formulae [CuL2] (Cu-Sal) and [CoL3] (Co-Sal) (HL = 2-(((2-hydroxyethyl)imino)methyl)phenol) have been synthesized and characterized microanalytically, spectroscopically and in the case of Cu-Sal using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The single crystal X-ray analysis reveals a square planar geometry around Cu(ii) satisfied by phenoxide oxygen and imine nitrogen of the L- ligand to generate a six membered chelate ring. The solid state structure of Cu-Sal is satisfied by varied intermolecular non-covalent interactions. The nature of these interactions has been addressed with the aid of Hirshfeld surface analysis. Both compounds have been used as sensitizers in TiO2 based dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and the DSSC experiments revealed that Co-Sal offers better photovoltaic performance in comparison to Cu-Sal. The Co-Sal exhibited a J sc of 9.75 mA cm-2 with a V oc of -0.648 V, incident photon to current conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 57% and η of 3.84%. The relatively better photovoltaic performance of Co-Sal could be attributed to better light absorption and dye loading than that of Cu-Sal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiteri Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Devyani Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath Bath BA27AY UK
| | - Suresh W Gosavi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India
| | - Vinod K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Ratna Chauhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 India
| | - Dattatray J Late
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Amity University Maharashtra Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Post Somatne, Panvel Mumbai Maharashtra 410206 India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Song K, Chen G, He Z, Shen J, Ping J, Li Y, Zheng L, Miao Y, Zhang D. Protoporphyrin-sensitized degradable bismuth nanoformulations for enhanced sonodynamic oncotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:637-648. [PMID: 36621634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing ROS production are the two principal objectives in the development of novel sonosensitizers for sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Herein, we designed a protoporphyrin-sensitized bismuth-based semiconductor (P-NBOF) as a sonosensitizer to generate ROS and synergistically depleted glutathione for enhanced SDT against tumors. The bismuth-based nanomaterial (NBOF) is a wide-bandgap semiconductor. Sensitization by protoporphyrin made it easier to excite electrons under ultrasonic stimulation, and the energy of the lowest unoccupied electron orbital in protoporphyrin was higher than the conduction-band energy of NBOF. Under ultrasound excitation, the excited electrons in the protoporphyrin were injected into the conduction band of the NBOF, increasing its reducing ability leading to the production of more superoxide anion radicals and also helping to increase the charge separation of protoporphyrin leading to the production of more singlet oxygen. Meanwhile, P-NBOF continuously depleted glutathione, which was not only conducive to breaking the redox balance of the tumor microenvironment to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of SDT, but also promoted its degradation and metabolism. The construction of this P-NBOF sonosensitizer thus provided an effective strategy to enhance SDT for tumors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To enhance the efficacy of sonodynamic tumor therapy, we developed a degradable protoporphyrin-sensitized bismuth-based nano-semiconductor (P-NBOF) by optimizing the band structure and glutathione-depletion ability. Protoporphyrin in P-NBOF under excitation preferentially generates free electrons, which are then injected into the conduction band of NBOF, improving the reducing ability of NBOF and promoting the separation of electron-hole pairs, thereby enhancing the production capacity of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, P-NBOF can deplete glutathione, reduce the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and reactivate and amplify the effect of sonodynamic therapy. The construction of the nanotherapeutic platform provides an option for enhancing sonodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Song
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guobo Chen
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zongyan He
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jing Shen
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jing Ping
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, The Ministry of Education & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry & Institute of Bismuth and Rhenium, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Shanghai Environmental Biosafety Instruments and Equipment Engineering Technology Research Center, The Ministry of Education & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Bashir MBA, Rajpar AH, Salih EY, Ahmed EM. Preparation and Photovoltaic Evaluation of CuO@Zn(Al)O-Mixed Metal Oxides for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:802. [PMID: 36903680 PMCID: PMC10005446 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, a series of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated as a function of post-processing temperature based on mesoporous CuO@Zn(Al)O-mixed metal oxides (MMO) in conjunction with dye N719 as the main light absorber; the proposed CuO@Zn(Al)O geometry was, in turn, attained using Zn/Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) as a precursor via combination of co-precipitation and hydrothermal techniques. In particular, the dye loading amount onto the deposited mesoporous materials was anticipated via regression equation-based UV-Vis technique analysis, which evidently demonstrated a robust correlation along with the fabricated DSSCs power conversion efficiency. In detail, of the DSSCs assembled, CuO@MMO-550 exhibited short-circuit current (JSC) and open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 3.42 (mA/cm2) and 0.67 (V) which result in significant fill factor and power conversion efficiency of 0.55% and 1.24%, respectively. This could mainly be due to the relatively high surface area of 51.27 (m2/g) which in turn validates considerable dye loading amount of 0.246 (mM/cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Hussain Rajpar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ethar Yahya Salih
- College of Medical Science Technologies, The University of Mashreq, Baghdad 10021, Iraq
| | - Emad M. Ahmed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Kim HK. Redox Shuttle-Based Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Comprehensive Guidance, Recent Progress, and Future Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6139-6163. [PMID: 36844550 PMCID: PMC9948191 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A redox electrolyte is a crucial part of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which plays a significant role in the photovoltage and photocurrent of the DSSCs through efficient dye regeneration and minimization of charge recombination. An I-/I3 - redox shuttle has been mostly utilized, but it limits the open-circuit voltage (V oc) to 0.7-0.8 V. To improve the V oc value, an alternative redox shuttle with more positive redox potential is required. Thus, by utilizing cobalt complexes with polypyridyl ligands, a significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) of above 14% with a high V oc of up to 1 V under 1-sun illumination was achieved. Recently, the V oc of a DSSC has exceeded 1 V with a PCE of around 15% by using Cu-complex-based redox shuttles. The PCE of over 34% in DSSCs under ambient light by using these Cu-complex-based redox shuttles also proves the potential for the commercialization of DSSCs in indoor applications. However, most of the developed highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes cannot be used for the Cu-complex-based redox shuttles due to their higher positive redox potentials. Therefore, the replacement of suitable ligands in Cu complexes or an alternative redox shuttle with a redox potential of 0.45-0.65 V has been required to utilize the highly efficient porphyrin and organic dyes. As a consequence, for the first time, the proposed strategy for a PCE enhancement of over 16% in DSSCs with a suitable redox shuttle is made by finding a superior counter electrode to enhance the fill factor and a suitable near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing dye for cosensitization with the existing dyes to further broaden the light absorption and enhance the short-circuit current density (J sc) value. This review comprehensively analyzes the redox shuttles and redox-shuttle-based liquid electrolytes for DSSCs and gives recent progress and perspectives.
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Electronic structures and ligand effect on redox potential of iron and cobalt complexes: a computational insight. Struct Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-02119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Scanning Electrochemical Microscope Studies of Charge Transfer Kinetics at the Interface of the Perovskite/Hole Transport Layer. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1844719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interfacial carrier transfer kinetics is critical to the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we measure the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, reduction rate constant, and conductivity of hole transport layered perovskites using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The SECM feedback revealed that the regeneration rate constant, absorption cross-section, and reduction rate constant of the nickel oxide (NiO) layer perovskite layer are higher than those of the poly (3,4-ethyenedioxythiophene)-poly (styrenesulfonate) layered perovskite. Also, at a specific flux density (
), the value of the regeneration rate constant (keff) in both blue and red illuminations for the NiO/CH3NH3PbI3 film is significantly higher than in both PEDOT: PSS/CH3NH3PbI3 and FTO/CH3NH3PbI3 films. The difference in keff between layered and nonlayered perovskite conforms to the impact of the hole conducting layer on the charge transfer kinetics. According to the findings, SECM is a powerful approach for screening an appropriate hole transport layer for stable perovskite solar cells.
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Grobelny A, Shen Z, Eickemeyer FT, Antariksa NF, Zapotoczny S, Zakeeruddin SM, Grätzel M. A Molecularly Tailored Photosensitizer with an Efficiency of 13.2% for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207785. [PMID: 36369972 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers yielding superior photocurrents are crucial for copper-electrolyte-based highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Herein, two molecularly tailored organic sensitizers are presented, coded ZS4 and ZS5, through judiciously employing dithieno[3,2-b:2″,3″-d]pyrrole (DTP) as the π-linker and hexyloxy-substituted diphenylquinoxaline (HPQ) or naphthalene-fused-quinoxaline (NFQ) as the auxiliary electron-accepting unit, respectively. Endowed with the HPQ acceptor, ZS4 shows more efficient electron injection and charge collection based on substantially reduced interfacial charge recombination as compared to ZS5. As a result, ZS4-based DSCs achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.2% under standard AM1.5G sunlight, with a high short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc ) of 16.3 mA cm-2 , an open-circuit voltage (Voc ) of 1.05 V and a fill factor (FF) of 77.1%. Remarkably, DSCs sensitized with ZS4 exhibit an outstanding stability, retaining 95% of their initial PCE under continuous light soaking for 1000 h. It is believed that this is a new record efficiency reported so far for copper-electrolyte-based DSCs using a single sensitizer. The work highlights the importance of developing molecularly tailored photosensitizers for highly efficient DSCs with copper electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Grobelny
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Zhongjin Shen
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Felix T Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Naura F Antariksa
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, Kraków, 30-387, Poland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces (LPI), Institute of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Himel MH, Sikder B, Ahmed T, Choudhury SM. Biomimicry in nanotechnology: a comprehensive review. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:596-614. [PMID: 36756510 PMCID: PMC9890514 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biomimicry has been utilized in many branches of science and engineering to develop devices for enhanced and better performance. The application of nanotechnology has made life easier in modern times. It has offered a way to manipulate matter and systems at the atomic level. As a result, the miniaturization of numerous devices has been possible. Of late, the integration of biomimicry with nanotechnology has shown promising results in the fields of medicine, robotics, sensors, photonics, etc. Biomimicry in nanotechnology has provided eco-friendly and green solutions to the energy problem and in textiles. This is a new research area that needs to be explored more thoroughly. This review illustrates the progress and innovations made in the field of nanotechnology with the integration of biomimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi Hasan Himel
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Brac University 66 Mohakhali Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Bejoy Sikder
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Brac University 66 Mohakhali Dhaka 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Sajid Muhaimin Choudhury
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology Dhaka 1205 Bangladesh
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Liao JM, Chin YK, Wu YT, Chou HH. Effect of regio-specific arylamine substitution on novel π-extended zinc salophen complexes: density functional and time-dependent density functional study on DSSC applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2501-2513. [PMID: 36741182 PMCID: PMC9844076 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07571g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of π-extended salophen-type Schiff-base zinc(ii) complexes, e.g., zinc-salophen complexes (ZSC), were investigated toward potential applications for dye-sensitized solar cells. The ZSC dyes adopt linear-, X-, or π-shaped geometries either with the functionalization of 1 donor/1 acceptor or 2 donors/2 acceptors to achieve a push-pull type molecular structure. The frontier molecular orbitals, light-harvesting properties as well as charge transfer characters against regio-specific substitution of donor/acceptor groups were studied by using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The results reveal that all ZSC dyes of D-ZnS-π-A geometry (where D, S, and A denote to donor, salophen ligand, and acceptor, respectively) exhibit relatively lower HOMO energy compared to the structurally resembled porphyrin dye YD2-o-C8. Natural transition orbital (NTO) and electron-hole separation (EHS) approaches clearly differentiate the linear type YD-series dyes from CL-, AJ1-, and AJ2-series dyes because of poor charge transfer (CT) properties. In contrast, the π-shaped AJ2-series and X-shaped AJ1-series dyes outperform the others in a manner of stronger CT characteristics, broadened UV-vis absorption as well as tunable bandgap simply via substitution of p-ethynylbenzoic acids (EBAs) and arylamine donors at salophen 7,8- and 2,3,12,13-positions, respectively. Both EHS and calculated exciton binding energies suggest the strength of CT character for ZSC dyes with an amino donor in the trend TPA > AN > DPA. This work has provided clear illustration toward molecular design of efficient dyes featuring a zinc-salophen backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hsin Chou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Providence UniversityTaichung 43301Taiwan
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Li S, Park S, Sherman BD, Yoo CG, Leem G. Photoelectrochemical approaches for the conversion of lignin at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:401-413. [PMID: 36519448 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selective cleavage of C-C/C-O linkages represents a key step toward achieving the chemical conversion of biomass to targeted value-added chemical products under ambient conditions. Using photoelectrosynthetic solar cells is a promising method to address the energy intensive depolymerization of lignin for the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals. This feature article gives an in-depth overview of recent progress using dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthetic solar cells (DSPECs) to initiate the cleavage of C-C/C-O bonds in lignin and related model compounds. This approach takes advantage of N-oxyl mediated catalysis in organic electrolytes and presents a promising direction for the sustainable production of chemicals currently derived from fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
| | - Seongsu Park
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. .,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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