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Binkowski LJ, Fort J, Churlaud C, Gallien F, Le Guillou G, Bustamante P. Levels of trace elements in the blood of chick gulls from the English Channel: Spatial and trophic implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:175891. [PMID: 39218093 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activity has disturbed the natural distribution and circulation of trace elements in the environment. This has led to increased background levels of numerous elements, causing global pollution. In this context, seabirds are relevant bioindicators of environmental contamination. This study focuses on the ecological factors that influence the concentrations of 14 trace elements in the blood of the chicks of three sympatric gull species from the French coast of the English Channel. Between 2015 and 2017, 174 birds were sampled in the industrialised Seine Estuary (in the city of Le Havre and on Ratier Island) and in the remote Chausey Islands, 200 km to the west. We also considered the Se:Hg molar ratio using Hg concentrations in those birds. Ag and V concentrations were below the quantification limit in all cases, while the fraction of non-quantified samples was higher than 30 % for Cd, Cr and Ni. Among the elements quantified in the samples, the lowest concentrations were noted for Co and the highest for Fe, building the following order: Co < Cd < Ni < Mn ≤ Pb < Cr < Hg < Cu < Se < As < Zn < Fe. No unanimous scheme of concentrations among elements, species and sites existed. Similarly, different models were fitted and different factors were significant for different species and elements. We observed the biomagnification of As and the biodilution of Pb. Pb concentrations were also highest in the industrial site in the city of Le Havre. Despite the high proportion of non-quantified samples for Cd, Cr and Ni, we continued to notice higher concentrations in the marine environment of the Chausey Islands. Concentrations of some elements clearly revealed habitat dependence. In some cases the Se:Hg molar ratio was lower than 4, a threshold for diminishing Hg toxicity by Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz J Binkowski
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Carine Churlaud
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Fabrice Gallien
- Groupe Ornithologique Normand, 181 rue d'Auge, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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2
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Lemesle P, Carravieri A, Poiriez G, Batard R, Blanck A, Deniau A, Faggio G, Fort J, Gallien F, Jouanneau W, le Guillou G, Leray C, McCoy KD, Provost P, Santoni MC, Sebastiano M, Scher O, Ward A, Chastel O, Bustamante P. Mercury contamination and potential health risk to French seabirds: A multi-species and multi-site study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175857. [PMID: 39209169 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a naturally occurring highly toxic element which circulation in ecosystems has been intensified by human activities. Hg is widely distributed, and marine environments act as its main final sink. Seabirds are relevant bioindicators of marine pollution and chicks are particularly suitable for biomonitoring pollutants as they reflect contamination at short spatiotemporal scales. This study aims to quantify blood Hg contamination and identify its drivers (trophic ecology inferred from stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N), geographical location, chick age and species) in chicks of eight seabird species from 32 French sites representing four marine subregions: the English Channel and the North Sea, the Celtic Sea, the Bay of Biscay and the Western Mediterranean. Hg concentrations in blood ranged from 0.04 μg g-1 dry weight (dw) in herring gulls to 6.15 μg g-1 dw in great black-backed gulls. Trophic position (δ15N values) was the main driver of interspecific differences, with species at higher trophic positions showing higher Hg concentrations. Feeding habitat (δ13C values) also contributed to variation in Hg contamination, with higher concentrations in generalist species relying on pelagic habitats. Conversely, colony location was a weak contributor, suggesting a relatively uniform Hg contamination along the French coastline. Most seabirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with 74% of individuals categorized as no risk, and < 0.5% at moderate risk, according to toxicity thresholds. However, recent work has shown physiological and fitness impairments in seabirds bearing Hg burdens considered to be safe, calling for precautional use of toxicity thresholds, and for studies that evaluate the impact of Hg on chick development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescillia Lemesle
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| | - Alice Carravieri
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Gauthier Poiriez
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Romain Batard
- Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | - Aurélie Blanck
- Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), 94300 Vincennes, France
| | - Armel Deniau
- Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | - Gilles Faggio
- Office de l'Environnement de la Corse (OEC), 20250 Corte, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | | | - William Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | | | - Carole Leray
- Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, 13200 Arles, France
| | - Karen D McCoy
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Provost
- Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | | | - Manrico Sebastiano
- Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Olivier Scher
- Conservatoire d'espaces naturels d'Occitanie (CEN Occitanie), 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Alain Ward
- Groupe ornithologique et naturaliste (GON, agrément régional Hauts-de-France), 59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
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3
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Lemesle P, Jouanneau W, Cherel Y, Legroux N, Ward A, Bustamante P, Chastel O. Mercury exposure and trophic ecology of urban nesting black-legged kittiwakes from France. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142813. [PMID: 38986774 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Seabirds are increasingly used as bioindicators for assessing the chemical contamination of marine ecosystems, including by mercury (Hg) worldwide. However, some geographical areas are still poorly documented, as metropolitan France that is home to 28 seabird species including the black-legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla, in the part of the southern limit of the North Atlantic range of the species. Here, we investigated Hg contamination and trophic ecology of black-legged kittiwakes breeding in the harbour of Boulogne-sur-Mer, Northern France. Mean blood Hg concentration was 4.81 ± 1.20 μg g-1 dw (dry weight), 3.66 ± 0.75 μg g-1 dw and 0.43 ± 0.07 μg g-1 dw for adult males, adult females, and chicks, respectively. According to Hg toxicity benchmarks for avian blood, 30% of the sampled adults were considered to be at moderate risk to Hg toxicity. Stable isotope and food analyses showed that highest δ15N values (reflecting a higher trophic position) were related to highest blood Hg concentrations in adult birds, and that Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) were the main prey. Adult kittiwakes from Boulogne-sur-Mer showed Hg levels three times higher than those found in Arctic nesting kittiwakes, where sublethal effects have been documented. This study provides a first description of Hg contamination of black-legged kittiwakes breeding in France and calls for future ecotoxicological research to assess the vulnerability of this species in the southern part of its distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescillia Lemesle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France; Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - William Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Nathan Legroux
- Groupe ornithologique et naturaliste (agréé Hauts-de-France), 5 rue Jules de Vicq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alain Ward
- Groupe ornithologique et naturaliste (agréé Hauts-de-France), 5 rue Jules de Vicq, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
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Evers DC, Ackerman JT, Åkerblom S, Bally D, Basu N, Bishop K, Bodin N, Braaten HFV, Burton MEH, Bustamante P, Chen C, Chételat J, Christian L, Dietz R, Drevnick P, Eagles-Smith C, Fernandez LE, Hammerschlag N, Harmelin-Vivien M, Harte A, Krümmel EM, Brito JL, Medina G, Barrios Rodriguez CA, Stenhouse I, Sunderland E, Takeuchi A, Tear T, Vega C, Wilson S, Wu P. Global mercury concentrations in biota: their use as a basis for a global biomonitoring framework. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:325-396. [PMID: 38683471 PMCID: PMC11213816 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An important provision of the Minamata Convention on Mercury is to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted measures and its implementation. Here, we describe for the first time currently available biotic mercury (Hg) data on a global scale to improve the understanding of global efforts to reduce the impact of Hg pollution on people and the environment. Data from the peer-reviewed literature were compiled in the Global Biotic Mercury Synthesis (GBMS) database (>550,000 data points). These data provide a foundation for establishing a biomonitoring framework needed to track Hg concentrations in biota globally. We describe Hg exposure in the taxa identified by the Minamata Convention: fish, sea turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Based on the GBMS database, Hg concentrations are presented at relevant geographic scales for continents and oceanic basins. We identify some effective regional templates for monitoring methylmercury (MeHg) availability in the environment, but overall illustrate that there is a general lack of regional biomonitoring initiatives around the world, especially in Africa, Australia, Indo-Pacific, Middle East, and South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Temporal trend data for Hg in biota are generally limited. Ecologically sensitive sites (where biota have above average MeHg tissue concentrations) have been identified throughout the world. Efforts to model and quantify ecosystem sensitivity locally, regionally, and globally could help establish effective and efficient biomonitoring programs. We present a framework for a global Hg biomonitoring network that includes a three-step continental and oceanic approach to integrate existing biomonitoring efforts and prioritize filling regional data gaps linked with key Hg sources. We describe a standardized approach that builds on an evidence-based evaluation to assess the Minamata Convention's progress to reduce the impact of global Hg pollution on people and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | | | - Dominique Bally
- African Center for Environmental Health, BP 826 Cidex 03, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nil Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Upsalla, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development Seychelles Fishing Authority, Victoria, Seychelles
| | | | - Mark E H Burton
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Celia Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John Chételat
- Environment and Cliamte Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Linroy Christian
- Department of Analytical Services, Dunbars, Friars Hill, St John, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Ecoscience, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paul Drevnick
- Teck American Incorporated, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Collin Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Luis E Fernandez
- Sabin Center for Environment and Sustainability and Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 29106, USA
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazonica (CINCIA), Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Shark Research Foundation Inc, 29 Wideview Lane, Boutiliers Point, NS, B3Z 0M9, Canada
| | - Mireille Harmelin-Vivien
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU/IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), UM 110, Campus de Luminy, case 901, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Agustin Harte
- Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions Secretariat, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Chem. des Anémones 15, 1219, Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva M Krümmel
- Inuit Circumpolar Council-Canada, Ottawa, Canada and ScienTissiME Inc, Barry's Bay, ON, Canada
| | - José Lailson Brito
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sao Francisco Xavier, 524, Sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracana, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Medina
- Director of Basel Convention Coordinating Centre, Stockholm Convention Regional Centre for Latin America and the Caribbean, Hosted by the Ministry of Environment, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Iain Stenhouse
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Elsie Sunderland
- Harvard University, Pierce Hall 127, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Akinori Takeuchi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Health and Environmental Risk Division, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tim Tear
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Claudia Vega
- Centro de Innovaccion Cientifica Amazonica (CINCIA), Jiron Ucayali 750, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17001, Peru
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pianpian Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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Lee LKF, Hipfner JM, Frankfurter G, Cray C, Pearson SF, Fiorello C, Clyde NMT, Hudson SA, Parker SE, Stallknecht DE, Furst E, Haman KH. Baseline health parameters of rhinoceros auklets ( Cerorhinca monocerata) using serum protein electrophoresis, acute phase proteins, and biochemistry. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1379980. [PMID: 38983768 PMCID: PMC11231077 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1379980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical metrics of baseline health in sentinel seabird species can offer insight into marine ecosystem dynamics, individual and population health, and assist in wildlife rehabilitation and conservation efforts. Protein electrophoresis is useful for detecting changes in acute phase proteins and immunoglobulin levels that may indicate subtle inflammatory responses and/or infectious disease. Serum biochemistry can highlight nutritional status, metabolic derangements, and organ injury and function. However, baseline values for such health parameters are largely unknown for many seabird species. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish baseline clinical health reference intervals for serum protein electrophoresis, acute phase proteins including serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, and biochemistry parameters in the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), a key sentinel species in the North Pacific. From 2013 to 2019, 178 wild, apparently healthy breeding adult rhinoceros auklets were captured across four breeding colonies in British Columbia, Canada (Lucy Island, Pine Island, Triangle Islands, and SGang Gwaay) and from one colony in Washington, United States (Protection Island). Reference intervals were calculated for protein electrophoresis fractions and acute phase proteins (n = 163), and serum biochemistry (n = 35) following established guidelines by the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. Animals were also assessed for the presence of antibodies to the influenza A virus. Approximately 48% (70/147) of sampled birds were seropositive for influenza A virus, with a prevalence of 50% (6/12) in 2013, 75% (47/63) in 2014, and 24% (17/72) in 2019. This work provides clinical baseline health metrics of a key North Pacific sentinel species to help inform marine ecosystem monitoring, recovery, and rehabilitation efforts in the Pacific Northwest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K F Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - J Mark Hipfner
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Greg Frankfurter
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn Cray
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Scott F Pearson
- Wildlife Program, Science Division, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA, United States
| | | | - Nikolas M T Clyde
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah A Hudson
- Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Sarah E Parker
- Centre for Applied Epidemiology, Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - David E Stallknecht
- Department of Population Health, Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | | | - Katherine H Haman
- Wildlife Program, Science Division, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA, United States
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Gerraty FD, Carroll T, Williams S, Isadore M. Recovering predators link aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems: River otters subsidize coyotes with carrion. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11444. [PMID: 38895572 PMCID: PMC11183921 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite global declines in the abundance and distribution of predators, conservation and reintroduction efforts are increasingly leading to predator recoveries. Unexpected species interactions and ecological consequences often arise when these predator recoveries occur. Here, we describe a novel species interaction in which coyotes (Canis latrans) kleptoparasitize North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) in a region of river otter recovery along the north-central California coast, USA. We describe eight observations of coyotes scavenging otter-killed waterbird carrion, including one observation in which river otters aggressively defended their prey from a coyote kleptoparasite. These observations highlight the importance of carrion provisioning as an overlooked pathway through which river otters facilitate nutrient subsidies to terrestrial scavengers. This behavior may have ecological implications including effects on the abundance, behavior, and health of scavengers as well as their interspecific interactions. We propose hypotheses and questions regarding these ecological consequences to guide further investigations into the cross-ecosystem impacts of recovering river otter populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis D. Gerraty
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California—Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Skyler Williams
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California—Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Megan Isadore
- River Otter Ecology ProjectForest KnollsCaliforniaUSA
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7
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Mollier M, Bustamante P, Martinez-Alvarez I, Schull Q, Labadie P, Budzinski H, Cherel Y, Carravieri A. Blood Kinetics of Lipophilic and Proteinophilic Pollutants during Two Types of Long-Term Fast in King Penguins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6138-6148. [PMID: 38533664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In vertebrates, fasting is an intricate physiological process associated with strong metabolic changes, yet its effect on pollutant residue variation is poorly understood. Here, we quantified long-term changes in plasma concentrations of 20 organochlorine and 16 perfluoroalkyl pollutants in king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus during the breeding and molting fasts, which are marked by low and high levels of protein catabolism, respectively, and by strong lipid use. The profile of measured pollutants in plasma was dominated by perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, initial relative contribution of 60%). Initial total pollutant concentrations were similar in molting (3.3-5.7 ng g-1 ww) and breeding penguins (range of 4.2-7.3 ng g-1 wet weight, ww). Long-term fasting (25 days) for molting and breeding led, respectively, to a 1.8- and 2.2-fold increase in total plasma pollutant concentrations, although the rate and direction of change were compound-specific. Hexachlorbenzene (HCB) and PFOS concentrations increased in plasma (net mobilization) during both types of fasting, likely due to lipid use. Plasma perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA) concentrations increased in breeders (net mobilization) but decreased in molting individuals (net excretion), suggesting a significant incorporation of these pollutants into feathers. This study is a key contribution to our understanding of pollutant variation in blood during long-term fasting in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Mollier
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Ignacio Martinez-Alvarez
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Quentin Schull
- MARBEC, Université de Montpellier, IFREMER, IRD, CNRS, Avenue Jean Monnet CS 30171, 34203 Sète, France
| | - Pierre Labadie
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- CNRS, UMR 5805 EPOC (LPTC Research Group), Université de Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Libération, F-33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Alice Carravieri
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 405 Route de Prissé la Charrière, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
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8
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van Oordt F, Cuba A, Choy ES, Elliott JE, Elliott KH. Amino acid-specific isotopes reveal changing five-dimensional niche segregation in Pacific seabirds over 50 years. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7899. [PMID: 38570566 PMCID: PMC10991557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Hutchison's niche theory suggests that coexisting competing species occupy non-overlapping hypervolumes, which are theoretical spaces encompassing more than three dimensions, within an n-dimensional space. The analysis of multiple stable isotopes can be used to test these ideas where each isotope can be considered a dimension of niche space. These hypervolumes may change over time in response to variation in behaviour or habitat, within or among species, consequently changing the niche space itself. Here, we use isotopic values of carbon and nitrogen of ten amino acids, as well as sulphur isotopic values, to produce multi-isotope models to examine niche segregation among an assemblage of five coexisting seabird species (ancient murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus, double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus, Leach's storm-petrel Oceanodrama leucorhoa, rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata, pelagic cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus) that inhabit coastal British Columbia. When only one or two isotope dimensions were considered, the five species overlapped considerably, but segregation increased in more dimensions, but often in complex ways. Thus, each of the five species occupied their own isotopic hypervolume (niche), but that became apparent only when factoring the increased information from sulphur and amino acid specific isotope values, rather than just relying on proxies of δ15N and δ13C alone. For cormorants, there was reduction of niche size for both species consistent with a decline in their dominant prey, Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, from 1970 to 2006. Consistent with niche theory, cormorant species showed segregation across time, with the double-crested demonstrating a marked change in diet in response to prey shifts in a higher dimensional space. In brief, incorporating multiple isotopes (sulfur, PC1 of δ15N [baselines], PC2 of δ15N [trophic position], PC1 and PC2 of δ13C) metrics allowed us to infer changes and differences in food web topology that were not apparent from classic carbon-nitrogen biplots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis van Oordt
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Emily S Choy
- Biology Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, Canada
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resources Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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9
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Lacombe RM, Barst BD, Pelletier D, Guillemette M, Amyot M, Lavoie RA, Elliott KH. Compound-specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids shows that bulk methods provide higher estimates of mercury biomagnification in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122769. [PMID: 37866750 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA) provides a method to estimate baseline δ15N values of food chains, allowing less biased estimates of trophic positions for organisms. Greater accuracy in trophic positions can improve estimates of contaminant biomagnification. We calculated trophic positions with various CSIA-AA equations for four species of fish and northern gannets (Morus bassanus) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. We examined the effect of CSIA-AA-derived trophic positions on mercury biomagnification metrics (trophic magnification factors (TMF) and biomagnification factors) and compared these with trophic position estimates and metrics obtained from traditional bulk stable isotope analysis. The TMFs for the CSIA-AA equations ranged from 10 to 19, and bulk stable isotope analysis produced TMFs of 43, one of the highest TMFs recorded yet in the literature. Biomagnification factors between prey and northern gannets ranged from 20 to 42 using dietary observations and stable isotope mixing models. Our study demonstrates that discrepancies in biomagnification assessed using different approaches may go undetected when using a single approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Lacombe
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Benjamin D Barst
- Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1764 Tanana Loop, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-5910, USA.
| | - David Pelletier
- Département de Biologie, Cégep de Rimouski, 60 rue de l'Évêché O, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 4H6, Canada; Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Magella Guillemette
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada.
| | - Marc Amyot
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec, H2V 0B3, Canada.
| | - Raphaël A Lavoie
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1550 Av. D'Estimauville, Québec, G1J 0C3, Canada.
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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King MD, Su G, Crump D, Farhat A, Marlatt V, Lee SL, Williams TD, Elliott JE. Contaminant biomonitoring augmented with a qPCR array indicates hepatic mRNA gene expression effects in wild-collected seabird embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166784. [PMID: 37666345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Birds can bioaccumulate persistent contaminants, and maternal transfer to eggs may expose embryos to concentrations sufficient to cause adverse effects during sensitive early-life stages. However, using tissue residue concentrations alone to infer whether contaminant effects are occurring suffers from uncertainty, and efficient, sensitive biomarkers remain limited in wildlife. We studied relationships between whole embryo contaminant concentrations (total mercury, organochlorine pesticides, perfluoroalkyl substances, polychlorinated biphenyls, and halogenated flame retardants) together with mRNA expression in embryonic liver tissue from a Pacific Ocean seabird, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata). Fresh eggs were collected, incubated under controlled conditions, and from the pre-hatch embryo, hepatic RNA was extracted for qPCR array analysis to measure gene expression (2-∆Cq), while the remaining embryo was analyzed for contaminant residues. Contaminant and gene expression data were assessed with a combination of multivariate approaches and linear models. Results indicated correlations between embryonic total mercury and several genes such as sepp1, which encodes selenoprotein P. Correlation between the biotransformation gene cyp1a4 and the C7 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid PFHpA was also evident. This study demonstrates that egg collection from free-living populations for contaminant biomonitoring programs can relate chemical residues to in ovo mRNA gene expression effects in embryo hepatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D King
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Geoffrey Su
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Doug Crump
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Amani Farhat
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Vicki Marlatt
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Sandi L Lee
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Division, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Tony D Williams
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Biological Sciences, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology Division, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC V4K 3N2, Canada
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11
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Muñoz J, Forselledo R, Domingo A, Jiménez S. Interspecific variability in plastic ingested by Procellariiformes off the Uruguayan coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115725. [PMID: 37918141 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the interspecific variability in plastic ingested by albatrosses and petrels using bycaught birds from fisheries of the Southwest Atlantic. From 107 stomachs examined, 4.17 % of the albatrosses and 62.86 % of the petrels contained plastics. Macronectes halli and Ardenna gravis had 100 % of occurrence. They were followed by Procellaria conspicillata (75 %), Procellaria aequinoctialis (47.62 %), T. melanophris (4.35 %) and T. chlororhynchos (0 %). The most common groups of plastics by size, type and color, were mesoplastics (5-20 mm), user plastics and white-clear items, respectively. Larger species tend to ingest larger items with greater surfaces. Together with evidence from other studies, our results indicate that interspecific differences in the occurrence and the dimensions of plastics appear to be associated with digestive tract morphology, foraging techniques, body size, interaction with fishing vessels, and with the availability of plastics at the sea surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La República, Iguá, 4225 Montevideo, Uruguay; Laboratorio de Recursos Pelágicos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Rodrigo Forselledo
- Laboratorio de Recursos Pelágicos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Domingo
- Laboratorio de Recursos Pelágicos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Recursos Pelágicos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DINARA), Montevideo, Uruguay
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O'Brien M, Freitas C, Venzo P, Francis P. Fostering ocean literacy through informal marine education programs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115208. [PMID: 37390628 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite general interest in the concept, there is a lack of formal education systems that foster ocean literacy. Informal marine education programs may be filling this gap; where students undertake unique, immersive learning experiences connected to the marine environment. This paper consolidates information about marine education programs within Australia's temperate region - the Great Southern Reef - and evaluates the extent to which ocean literacy is being delivered through these programs under the banner of Australia's national curriculum. Using the mixed methods approach of a survey and semi-structured interviews, we found that participants are familiar with ocean literacy principles (89.4 %), and half of the informal providers (51 %) reported incorporating these principles into their education programs. We discuss the barriers to teaching and learning about ocean concepts reported by respondents, and argue that formal and informal education programs, working in tandem, can improve school curricula and promote greater ocean literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madi O'Brien
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff Marine Science Centre, Queenscliff, Australia
| | - Cátia Freitas
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff Marine Science Centre, Queenscliff, Australia
| | - Paul Venzo
- School of Communication and Creative Arts, Deakin University, Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Prue Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Queenscliff Marine Science Centre, Queenscliff, Australia.
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López-Saucedo F, Buendía-González L, Magaña H, Flores-Rojas GG, Bucio E. Crosslinked Chitosan Films Supplemented with Randia sp. Fruit Extract. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2724. [PMID: 37376371 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work proposes the development of a polymer film made up of affordable components for its use as a healthcare material. Chitosan, itaconic acid, and Randia capitata fruit extract (Mexican variation) are the unique ingredients of this biomaterial prospect. Chitosan (from crustacean chitin) is crosslinked with itaconic acid, and in situ added R. capitata fruit extract in a one-pot reaction carried out in water as the sole solvent. Structurally, the film formed is an ionically crosslinked composite characterized by IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA); cell viability was also performed in vitro using fibroblasts BALB/3T3. Dry and swollen films were analyzed to determine affinity and stability in water. This chitosan-based hydrogel is designed as a wound dressing due to the combined properties of the chitosan with R. capitata fruit extract, which has potential as bioactive material due to its properties in epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe López-Saucedo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Campus El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Leticia Buendía-González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Campus El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Ixtlahuaca Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, Mexico
| | - Héctor Magaña
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Parque Industrial Internacional Tijuana, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Gabriel Flores-Rojas
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Emilio Bucio
- Departamento de Química de Radiaciones y Radioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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14
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Lima GDS, Menegario AA, Suarez CA, Kamazuka SH, Gemeiner H, Sánchez-Sarmiento AM, Ferioli RB, Barreto AS. Pelagic and estuarine birds as sentinels of metal(loid)s in the South Atlantic Ocean: Ecological niches as main factors acting on bioaccumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121452. [PMID: 36958663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Activities related to the offshore exploration and production of oil and natural gas provide economic development and an essential energy source. However, besides the risk of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, these activities can also be sources of metals and metalloids for marine organism contamination. In this research, we evaluated the potential use of two pelagic (black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris and yellow-nosed albatross T. chlororhynchos) and one estuarine bird species (neotropical cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus) as sentinels of contamination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn, Ni, Ba, V, and Hg in an area under influence of oil and gas activities. The analyses were carried out in samples collected from 2015 to 2022 from 97 individuals. A factor alert; an adaptation from the contamination factor is proposed to identify individuals with high concentrations that possibly suffered contamination by anthropogenic origin. Grouping all species, the metal(loid)s with the highest concentrations were in decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Hg > As > Cd > Mo > V > Cr > Ba > Ni > Pb. Similar concentrations were observed for V, Mn, Cr and Pb among the three species. Pelagic birds showed higher levels of concentrations for Hg, As and Cd. Based on the correlations and multivariate analysis performed, the results indicate that the ecological niche factor has greater relevance in the bioaccumulation of these elements compared to the habitat. Although some individuals showed high concentrations in part of the trace elements, suggesting exposure to anthropic sources, the direct influence of oil production and exploration activities was not observed, suggesting that activities on the continent are the primary contamination source. The results of this work highlight the role of seabirds as sentinels for metal(loid)s, contributing to the knowledge of the occurrence of contaminants in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Dos Santos Lima
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Amauri Antonio Menegario
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alfredo Suarez
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Harumi Kamazuka
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Hendryk Gemeiner
- Environmental Studies Center (CEA), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil; Basin Studies Laboratory (LEBAC), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Avenida 24-A, 1515, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Angélica Maria Sánchez-Sarmiento
- Argonauta Institute for Coastal and Marine Conservation, Av. Governador Abreu Sodré, 1067, 11695-240, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Beneton Ferioli
- Argonauta Institute for Coastal and Marine Conservation, Av. Governador Abreu Sodré, 1067, 11695-240, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Silva Barreto
- Biodiversity Informatics and Geomatic Laboratory (LIBGeo), University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Rua Uruguai, 458, 88302-901, Itajaí, SC, Brazil
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Elliott JE, Kesic R, Lee SL, Elliott KH. Temporal trends (1968-2019) of legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in seabird eggs from the northeast Pacific: Is it finally twilight for old POPs? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160084. [PMID: 36368377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorine pesticides (OCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are known to persist in the marine environment; however, whether concentrations of these POPs have decreased or stabilized from Canada's Pacific coast in recent years is unclear. Here, we examined temporal trends of various legacy POPs in the eggs of five seabird species; two cormorants (Nannopterum auritum and Urile pelagicus), an auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), a murrelet (Synthliboramphus antiquus), and a storm-petrel (Hydrobates leucorhous), sampled 1968 to 2019 from 23 colonies along the Pacific coast of British Columbia, Canada. The contaminant profile in the eggs of all species and sampling years was dominated by ΣPCBs, followed by ΣDDT (mostly p,p'-DDE), ΣHCH (β-HCH), ΣCHLOR (oxychlordane), and ΣCBz (HCB). ΣOC and ΣPCB concentrations were generally higher in double-crested cormorant eggs than in the other four species. The majority of legacy POPs are either significantly declining (e.g. p,p'-DDE, HCB, HE, oxychlordane, ΣPCBs) or showing no directional change over time (ΣMirex) in the eggs of our monitoring species. Contaminants such as α-HCH, cis- and trans-chlordane, p,p'-DDT, dieldrin, and octachlorostyrene also showed evidence of downward trends, largely influenced by non-detect values during more recent sampling periods. Increasing trends were observed for β-HCH in the eggs of some species; however, mean concentrations eventually returned to early 2000 levels by the end of the study period. Although bulk δ15N and δ13C egg values varied interannually, compound-specific amino acid analyses suggested no major changes in trophic position or baseline food web signature. Temporal trends observed here were comparable to those found in other seabird species and pelagic food webs. As most legacy POPs in our data set were at very low levels in recent years, we support the general consensus that it is indeed the twilight years for old POPs, and we attribute these declines largely to voluntary regulations and international restrictions on the production and use of these compounds, and thus their release into the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Robert Kesic
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Sandi L Lee
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, 5421 Robertson Rd, Delta, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Lipid Extraction and Sample Preservation Techniques for Stable Isotope Analysis and Ecological Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2625:241-257. [PMID: 36653648 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2966-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid extraction is an important component of many ecological and ecotoxicological measurements. For instance, percent lipid is often used as a measure of body condition, under the assumption that those individuals with higher lipid reserves are healthier. Likewise, lipids are depleted in 13C compared with protein, and it is consequently a routine to remove lipids prior to measuring carbon isotopes in ecological studies so that variation in lipid content does not obscure variation in diet. We provide detailed methods for two different protocols for lipid extraction: Soxhlet apparatus and manual distillation. We also provide methods for polar and non-polar solvents. Neutral (non-polar) solvents remove some lipids but few non-lipid compounds whereas polar solvents remove not only most lipids but also many non-lipid compounds. We discuss each of the methods and provide guidelines for best practices. We recommend that for stable isotope analysis, researchers test for a relationship between the change in the carbon stable isotope ratio and the amount of lipid extracted to see if the degree of extraction has an impact on isotope ratios. Stable isotope analysis is widely used by ecologists, and we provide a detailed methodology that minimizes known biases.
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17
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Frixione MG, D'Amico V, Adami MA, Bertellotti M. Urbanity as a source of genotoxicity in the synanthropic Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:157958. [PMID: 35964745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increases in human population lead to an increase in urban wastes, which could affect wildlife in several ways. Urban pollutants can affect erythrocytes of birds generating morphological membrane and nuclear anomalies. The Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) is an opportunistic species, which take advantage of urban environments, thus being highly exposed to environmental pollution. In northeastern Patagonia, the dynamic of the waste management was transformed in the last decade and consequently, gulls changed their movements in response to changes in waste management systems. The food available to the seagulls went from being a mixture of urban/fishing discards until 2015, when this landfill closures, to being domestic urban offerings. In order of evaluating genotoxicity and changes in pollutants exposition due to these changes, we analyzed the frequencies of erythrocytes nuclear abnormalities and micronuclei (ENAs and MN respectively) in 58 blood smears from adults extracted during the non-breeding season in two periods in landfills with different waste compositions: a mixed landfill (ML) in 2013 before closure (n = 24) versus an urban landfill (UL) (n = 34) in 2021. We found that the Kelp Gull showed high values of abnormalities with an average of 151.5 /10,000 RBC in comparison with other seabird species. The bud and notched types of ENAs were the most prevalent abnormalities in both sites. We did not find significate differences in the overall abnormality frequency between sites, however we found significant higher frequencies in displaced and tailed types of ENAs in ML. We also found poikilocytosis, as seen previously in other animals exposed experimentally to pollutants such as metals and crude oil. Cellular abnormalities found in the Kelp Gull suggest an exposition of individuals to pollutants in foraging areas. The hemispheric distribution and the synanthropic characteristics of the species denote its importance as a suitable global monitor of genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín G Frixione
- CESIMAR, CCT Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Verónica D'Amico
- CESIMAR, CCT Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Miguel A Adami
- CESIMAR, CCT Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Bertellotti
- CESIMAR, CCT Centro Nacional Patagónico - CONICET, Bvd. Brown 2825, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina; Department of Production, Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Chubut, Argentina
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Chastel O, Fort J, Ackerman JT, Albert C, Angelier F, Basu N, Blévin P, Brault-Favrou M, Bustnes JO, Bustamante P, Danielsen J, Descamps S, Dietz R, Erikstad KE, Eulaers I, Ezhov A, Fleishman AB, Gabrielsen GW, Gavrilo M, Gilchrist G, Gilg O, Gíslason S, Golubova E, Goutte A, Grémillet D, Hallgrimsson GT, Hansen ES, Hanssen SA, Hatch S, Huffeldt NP, Jakubas D, Jónsson JE, Kitaysky AS, Kolbeinsson Y, Krasnov Y, Letcher RJ, Linnebjerg JF, Mallory M, Merkel FR, Moe B, Montevecchi WJ, Mosbech A, Olsen B, Orben RA, Provencher JF, Ragnarsdottir SB, Reiertsen TK, Rojek N, Romano M, Søndergaard J, Strøm H, Takahashi A, Tartu S, Thórarinsson TL, Thiebot JB, Will AP, Wilson S, Wojczulanis-Jakubas K, Yannic G. Mercury contamination and potential health risks to Arctic seabirds and shorebirds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156944. [PMID: 35752241 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the last Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) effort to review biological effects of mercury (Hg) on Arctic biota in 2011 and 2018, there has been a considerable number of new Arctic bird studies. This review article provides contemporary Hg exposure and potential health risk for 36 Arctic seabird and shorebird species, representing a larger portion of the Arctic than during previous AMAP assessments now also including parts of the Russian Arctic. To assess risk to birds, we used Hg toxicity benchmarks established for blood and converted to egg, liver, and feather tissues. Several Arctic seabird populations showed Hg concentrations that exceeded toxicity benchmarks, with 50 % of individual birds exceeding the "no adverse health effect" level. In particular, 5 % of all studied birds were considered to be at moderate or higher risk to Hg toxicity. However, most seabirds (95 %) were generally at lower risk to Hg toxicity. The highest Hg contamination was observed in seabirds breeding in the western Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Most Arctic shorebirds exhibited low Hg concentrations, with approximately 45 % of individuals categorized at no risk, 2.5 % at high risk category, and no individual at severe risk. Although the majority Arctic-breeding seabirds and shorebirds appeared at lower risk to Hg toxicity, recent studies have reported deleterious effects of Hg on some pituitary hormones, genotoxicity, and reproductive performance. Adult survival appeared unaffected by Hg exposure, although long-term banding studies incorporating Hg are still limited. Although Hg contamination across the Arctic is considered low for most bird species, Hg in combination with other stressors, including other contaminants, diseases, parasites, and climate change, may still cause adverse effects. Future investigations on the global impact of Hg on Arctic birds should be conducted within a multi-stressor framework. This information helps to address Article 22 (Effectiveness Evaluation) of the Minamata Convention on Mercury as a global pollutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France.
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France.
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA 95620, United States.
| | - Céline Albert
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Frédéric Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Niladri Basu
- McGill University, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Maud Brault-Favrou
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France
| | - Jan Ove Bustnes
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Igor Eulaers
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram center, 9296 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alexey Ezhov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute Russian Academy of Science, 183010 Vladimirskaya str. 17 Murmansk, Russia
| | - Abram B Fleishman
- Conservation Metrics, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Maria Gavrilo
- Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, 199397 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Grant Gilchrist
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Road, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0H3
| | - Olivier Gilg
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, 25000 Besançon, France; Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique, 16 rue de Vernot, F-21440 Francheville, France
| | - Sindri Gíslason
- Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre, Gardvegur 1, 245 Sudurnesjabaer, Iceland
| | - Elena Golubova
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, RU-685000 Magadan, Portovaya Str., 18, Russia
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR 7619 METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Grémillet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), UMR 5175 Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France,; Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Gunnar T Hallgrimsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Erpur S Hansen
- South Iceland Nature Research Centre, Ægisgata 2, 900 Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland
| | | | - Scott Hatch
- Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, Anchorage, 99516-3185, AK, USA
| | - Nicholas P Huffeldt
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Dariusz Jakubas
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jón Einar Jónsson
- University of Iceland's Research Center at Snæfellsnes, 340 Stykkishólmur, Iceland
| | - Alexander S Kitaysky
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, United States of America
| | | | - Yuri Krasnov
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute Russian Academy of Science, 183010 Vladimirskaya str. 17 Murmansk, Russia
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Raven Road, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0H3
| | | | - Mark Mallory
- Biology, Acadia University Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Flemming Ravn Merkel
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Børge Moe
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - William J Montevecchi
- Memorial Univerisity of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's, Newoundland A1C 3X9, Canada
| | - Anders Mosbech
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Bergur Olsen
- Faroe Marine Reseaqrch Institute, Nóatún 1, FO-110 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Rachael A Orben
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer F Provencher
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0H3
| | | | - Tone K Reiertsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nora Rojek
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK, USA
| | - Marc Romano
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK, USA
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Hallvard Strøm
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram center, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Sabrina Tartu
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS- La Rochelle Université, 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Thiebot
- National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Alexis P Will
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology & Wildlife, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, United States of America; National Institute of Polar Research, 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo 190-8518, Japan
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat, The Fram Centre, Box 6606, Stakkevollan, 9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Glenn Yannic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA, 38000 Grenoble, France
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19
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Keilen EK, Borgå K, Thorstensen HS, Hylland K, Helberg M, Warner N, Bæk K, Reiertsen TK, Ruus A. Differences in Trophic Level, Contaminant Load, and DNA Damage in an Urban and a Remote Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) Breeding Colony in Coastal Norway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2466-2478. [PMID: 35860956 PMCID: PMC9826413 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are opportunistic feeders, resulting in contaminant exposure depending on area and habitat. We compared contaminant concentrations and dietary markers between two herring gull breeding colonies with different distances to extensive human activity and presumed contaminant exposure from the local marine diet. Furthermore, we investigated the integrity of DNA in white blood cells and sensitivity to oxidative stress. We analyzed blood from 15 herring gulls from each colony-the urban Oslofjord near the Norwegian capital Oslo in the temperate region and the remote Hornøya island in northern Norway, on the Barents Sea coast. Based on d13 C and d34 S, the dietary sources of urban gulls differed, with some individuals having a marine and others a more terrestrial dietary signal. All remote gulls had a marine dietary signal and higher relative trophic level than the urban marine feeding gulls. Concentrations (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of most persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyl ethers (PCBs) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), were higher in urban marine (PCB153 17 ± 17 ng/g wet weight, PFOS 25 ± 21 ng/g wet wt) than urban terrestrial feeders (PCB153 3.7 ± 2.4 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 6.7 ± 10 ng/g wet wt). Despite feeding at a higher trophic level (d15 N), the remote gulls (PCB153 17 ± 1221 ng/g wet wt, PFOS 19 ± 1421 ng/g wet wt) were similar to the urban marine feeders. Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes were detected in only a few gulls, except for decamethylcyclopentasiloxane in the urban colony, which was found in 12 of 13 gulls. Only hexachlorobenzene was present in higher concentrations in the remote (2.6 ± 0.42 ng/g wet wt) compared with the urban colony (0.34 ± 0.33 ng/g wet wt). Baseline and induced DNA damage (doublestreak breaks) was higher in urban than in remote gulls for both terrestrial and marine feeders. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2466-2478. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | - Ketil Hylland
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | | | | | - Kine Bæk
- The Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchOsloNorway
| | | | - Anders Ruus
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- The Norwegian Institute for Water ResearchOsloNorway
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20
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Choy ES, Blight LK, Elliott JE, Hobson KA, Zanuttig M, Elliott KH. Stable Mercury Trends Support a Long-Term Diet Shift Away from Marine Foraging in Salish Sea Glaucous-Winged Gulls over the Last Century. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12097-12105. [PMID: 35946869 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine predators are monitored as indicators of pollution, but such trends can be complicated by variation in diet. Glaucous-winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) have experienced a dietary shift over the past century, from mainly marine to including more terrestrial/freshwater inputs, with unknown impacts on mercury (Hg) trends. We examined 109-year trends in total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in glaucous-winged gull feathers (1887-1996) from the Salish Sea. Adult flank feathers had higher MeHg concentrations than immature feathers, and males head feathers had higher THg concentrations than females. Overall, we found no evidence of a trend in feather MeHg or THg concentrations over time from 1887 to 1996. In the same individuals, δ15N, δ13C, and δ34S declined over time in gull feathers. In comparison, egg THg concentrations declined from 1970 to 2019 in two species of cormorants, likely reflecting decreases in local Hg sources. We conclude that diet shifts through time may have countered increased Hg deposition from long-range transport in glaucous-winged gulls. The lack of Hg trends over time in glaucous-winged gull feathers provides additional support that these gulls have decreased the amount of marine forage fish in their diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Louise K Blight
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
- Procellaria Research & Consulting, Victoria, British Columbia V9A 5C3, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Delta, British Columbia V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Keith A Hobson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Michelle Zanuttig
- National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
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21
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Choy ES, Elliott KH, Esparza I, Patterson A, Letcher RJ, Fernie KJ. Potential disruption of thyroid hormones by perfluoroalkyl acids in an Arctic seabird during reproduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 305:119181. [PMID: 35378199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arctic marine ecosystems are experiencing rapid change, such as ocean warming and enhanced pollutants. Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) arriving via long-range transport have been detected in Arctic wildlife, including seabirds which are considered sentinels of marine ecosystem health. There is evidence that PFAA exposure leads to the disruption of thyroid hormones (THs), such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which play important roles in metabolism, incubation, and thermoregulation in seabirds. Here, we investigated relationships between PFAAs and THs [total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), total T3 (TT3) and free T3 (FT3)] in blood plasma collected from 63 thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) at a colony located in northern Hudson Bay (2016-2018). We then tested if PFAAs and TH levels were related to fitness-associated reproductive traits, such as body mass and hatch dates. PFUdA, PFOS, and PFTrDA were the dominant PFAAs in murre blood, accounting for approximately 77% of ∑PFAA. Females had higher PFAAs than males, possibly due to higher trophic feeding. While FT3 increased with PFOS, PFNA, PFDA, PFDoA, PFTeDA, ∑PFCA7, and ∑PFAA in murres, TT3 decreased with PFOS, PFDoA, and PFTeDA in males, but not females, suggesting thyroid disruption. TT3 increased with body mass, whereas several long-chain PFAAs were negatively correlated with body mass. Negative relationships between PFNA, PFDoA, PFTrDA, PFTeDA, and ∑PFAA with hatch dates may be the result of a disruption in incubation behaviour, resulting in earlier hatch dates. Consequently, TT3 concentrations were highest in males and females in 2018, a year in which PFAAs were lowest and hatch dates were delayed relative to 2017. As an Arctic seabird experiencing several indirect effects of climate change, the interaction of PFAAs on thyroid activity may cause additional stress to murres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Choy
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Ilse Esparza
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Allison Patterson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada; Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
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22
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A Low-Cost AI Buoy System for Monitoring Water Quality at Offshore Aquaculture Cages. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22114078. [PMID: 35684699 PMCID: PMC9185509 DOI: 10.3390/s22114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The ocean resources have been rapidly depleted in the recent decade, and the complementary role of aquaculture to food security has become more critical than ever before. Water quality is one of the key factors in determining the success of aquaculture and real-time water quality monitoring is an important process for aquaculture. This paper proposes a low-cost and easy-to-build artificial intelligence (AI) buoy system that autonomously measures the related water quality data and instantly forwards them via wireless channels to the shore server. Furthermore, the data provide aquaculture staff with real-time water quality information and also assists server-side AI programs in implementing machine learning techniques to further provide short-term water quality predictions. In particular, we aim to provide a low-cost design by combining simple electronic devices and server-side AI programs for the proposed buoy system to measure water velocity. As a result, the cost for the practical implementation is approximately USD 2015 only to facilitate the proposed AI buoy system to measure the real-time data of dissolved oxygen, salinity, water temperature, and velocity. In addition, the AI buoy system also offers short-term estimations of water temperature and velocity, with mean square errors of 0.021 °C and 0.92 cm/s, respectively. Furthermore, we replaced the use of expensive current meters with a flow sensor tube of only USD 100 to measure water velocity.
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23
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Basili M, Techtmann SM, Zaggia L, Luna GM, Quero GM. Partitioning and sources of microbial pollution in the Venice Lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151755. [PMID: 34848267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pollutants are a serious threat to human and environmental health in coastal areas. Based on the hypothesis that pollution from multiple sources may produce a distinct microbial signature and that microbial pollutants seem to distribute between a free-living and a particle-attached fraction, we investigated the occurrence, partitioning and sources of microbial pollutants in water samples collected in the Venice Lagoon (Italy). The area was taken as a case study of an environment characterized by a long history of industrial pollution and by growing human pressure. We found a variety of pollutants from several sources, with sewage-associated and faecal bacteria accounting for up to 5.98% of microbial communities. Sewage-associated pollutants were most abundant close to the city centre. Faecal pollution was highest in the area of the industrial port and was dominated by human inputs, whereas contamination from animal faeces was mainly detected at the interface with the mainland. Microbial pollutants were almost exclusively associated with the particle-attached fraction. The samples also contained other potential pathogens. Our findings stress the need for monitoring and managing microbial pollution in highly urbanized lagoon and semi-enclosed systems and suggest that management plans to reduce microbial inputs to the waterways should include measures to reduce particulate matter inputs to the lagoon. Finally, High-Throughput Sequencing combined with computational approaches proved critical to assess water quality and appears to be a valuable tool to support the monitoring of waterborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Basili
- CNR IRBIM, National Research Council - Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Stephen M Techtmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States
| | - Luca Zaggia
- CNR IGG, National Research Council - Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Luna
- CNR IRBIM, National Research Council - Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- CNR IRBIM, National Research Council - Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy.
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24
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Metagenomic Characterization of Microbial Pollutants and Antibiotic- and Metal-Resistance Genes in Sediments from the Canals of Venice. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14071161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spread of fecal pollutants and antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment represents a major public health concern and is predicted to increase in light of climate change consequences and the increasing human population pressure on the lagoon and coastal areas. The city of Venice (Italy) is affected by diverse microbial pollution sources, including domestic wastewaters that, due to the lack of modern sewage treatment infrastructure in the historical city center, are released into canals. The outflowing jets of its tidal inlets thus represent a source of contamination for the nearby beaches on the barrier island separating the lagoon from the sea. Metagenomic analyses of DNA extracted from sediment samples from six sites in the canals of the city’s historic center were undertaken to characterize the microbial community composition, the presence of fecal microbes as well as other non-enteric pathogens, and the content of genes related to antibiotic (AB) and heavy metal (HM) resistance, and virulence. The six sites hosted similar prokaryotic communities, although variations in community composition likely related to oxygen availability were observed. All sites displayed relatively high levels of fecal contamination, including the presence of Fecal Indicator Bacteria, sewage- and alternative feces-associated bacteria. Relatively high levels of other potential pathogens were also found. About 1 in 500 genes identified at these sites are related to AB and HM resistance; conversely, genes related to virulence were rare. Our data suggest the existence of widespread sediment microbial pollution in the canals of Venice, coupled with the prevalence of ARGs to antibiotics frequently used in humans as well as of HMRGs to toxic metals that still persists in the lagoon. All of this evidence raises concerns about the consequences on the water quality of the lagoon and adjacent marine areas and the potential risks for humans, deserving further studies.
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25
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Willis KA, Serra-Gonçalves C, Richardson K, Schuyler QA, Pedersen H, Anderson K, Stark JS, Vince J, Hardesty BD, Wilcox C, Nowak BF, Lavers JL, Semmens JM, Greeno D, MacLeod C, Frederiksen NPO, Puskic PS. Cleaner seas: reducing marine pollution. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022. [PMID: 34366578 DOI: 10.22541/au.160382467.73347721/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the age of the Anthropocene, the ocean has typically been viewed as a sink for pollution. Pollution is varied, ranging from human-made plastics and pharmaceutical compounds, to human-altered abiotic factors, such as sediment and nutrient runoff. As global population, wealth and resource consumption continue to grow, so too does the amount of potential pollution produced. This presents us with a grand challenge which requires interdisciplinary knowledge to solve. There is sufficient data on the human health, social, economic, and environmental risks of marine pollution, resulting in increased awareness and motivation to address this global challenge, however a significant lag exists when implementing strategies to address this issue. This review draws upon the expertise of 17 experts from the fields of social sciences, marine science, visual arts, and Traditional and First Nations Knowledge Holders to present two futures; the Business-As-Usual, based on current trends and observations of growing marine pollution, and a More Sustainable Future, which imagines what our ocean could look like if we implemented current knowledge and technologies. We identify priority actions that governments, industry and consumers can implement at pollution sources, vectors and sinks, over the next decade to reduce marine pollution and steer us towards the More Sustainable Future. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09674-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Willis
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Catarina Serra-Gonçalves
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Kelsey Richardson
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | | | - Kelli Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - Jonathan S Stark
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Britta D Hardesty
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Chris Wilcox
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Barbara F Nowak
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Dean Greeno
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Creative Arts and Media, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Catriona MacLeod
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Nunnoq P O Frederiksen
- The PISUNA Project, Qeqertalik Municipality, Attu, Greenland
- Snowchange Cooperative, Selkie, Finland
| | - Peter S Puskic
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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Willis KA, Serra-Gonçalves C, Richardson K, Schuyler QA, Pedersen H, Anderson K, Stark JS, Vince J, Hardesty BD, Wilcox C, Nowak BF, Lavers JL, Semmens JM, Greeno D, MacLeod C, Frederiksen NPO, Puskic PS. Cleaner seas: reducing marine pollution. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:145-160. [PMID: 34366578 PMCID: PMC8326648 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-021-09674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the age of the Anthropocene, the ocean has typically been viewed as a sink for pollution. Pollution is varied, ranging from human-made plastics and pharmaceutical compounds, to human-altered abiotic factors, such as sediment and nutrient runoff. As global population, wealth and resource consumption continue to grow, so too does the amount of potential pollution produced. This presents us with a grand challenge which requires interdisciplinary knowledge to solve. There is sufficient data on the human health, social, economic, and environmental risks of marine pollution, resulting in increased awareness and motivation to address this global challenge, however a significant lag exists when implementing strategies to address this issue. This review draws upon the expertise of 17 experts from the fields of social sciences, marine science, visual arts, and Traditional and First Nations Knowledge Holders to present two futures; the Business-As-Usual, based on current trends and observations of growing marine pollution, and a More Sustainable Future, which imagines what our ocean could look like if we implemented current knowledge and technologies. We identify priority actions that governments, industry and consumers can implement at pollution sources, vectors and sinks, over the next decade to reduce marine pollution and steer us towards the More Sustainable Future. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09674-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A. Willis
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Catarina Serra-Gonçalves
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Kelsey Richardson
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | | | | | - Kelli Anderson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - Jonathan S. Stark
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Social Sciences, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Britta D. Hardesty
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Chris Wilcox
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Barbara F. Nowak
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Tasmania, Newnham, TAS Australia
| | - Jennifer L. Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Jayson M. Semmens
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Dean Greeno
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- School of Creative Arts and Media, College of Arts, Law and Education, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Catriona MacLeod
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | -
Nunnoq P. O. Frederiksen
- The PISUNA Project, Qeqertalik Municipality, Attu, Greenland
- Snowchange Cooperative, Selkie, Finland
| | - Peter S. Puskic
- Centre for Marine Sociology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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27
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Wu D, Wang T, Hu S, Wu W, Lu B, Huang X, Yu W, Wang M, Wang GG, Zhang J. Solvent-free processing of eco-friendly magnetic and superhydrophobic absorbent from all-plant-based materials for efficient oil and organic solvent sorption. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 800:149558. [PMID: 34391146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The unique features of bioresources such as cellulose and bio-wax include renewability, biodegradability, low cost, and abundance on Earth. Therefore, their efficient use is essential for a sustainable economy. Herein, we report a facile method for the surface modification of pretreated cotton with a bio-wax emulsion in water and Fe3O4 nanoparticles to fabricate a green, durable, magnetic, and superhydrophobic/superoleophilic absorbent for the sorption of oil and organic solvents. Magnetic superhydrophobic cotton (MSC) was successfully prepared via a simple two-step dip-coating method without using any toxic organic reagents. The as-prepared MSC was used to selectively absorb various types of oils and organic solvents up to approximately 20-50 times its own weight. Furthermore, it exhibited a stable magnetic responsivity and high reusability in oil/water separation cycles. In addition, the removal and collection of the absorbed oil/organic solvents were easily achieved with distillation and a vacuum air pump. Moreover, the as-prepared MSC was used in a heavy oil/water gravity-separation filter system and in the continuous collection of a light oil from water surfaces using a pump. The proposed concept may provide a green and sustainable strategy for fabricating superhydrophobic/superoleophilic materials for efficient sorption of oils and organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tiansheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shunyou Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wanbao Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Beibei Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiyan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mi Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gui-Gen Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China.
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Research Centre of Printed Flexible Electronics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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28
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Franklin EB, Alves MR, Moore AN, Kilgour DB, Novak GA, Mayer K, Sauer JS, Weber RJ, Dang D, Winter M, Lee C, Cappa CD, Bertram TH, Prather KA, Grassian VH, Goldstein AH. Atmospheric Benzothiazoles in a Coastal Marine Environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:15705-15714. [PMID: 34787411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic emissions from coastal waters play an important but poorly understood role in atmospheric chemistry in coastal regions. A mesocosm experiment focusing on facilitated biological blooms in coastal seawater, SeaSCAPE (Sea Spray Chemistry and Particle Evolution), was performed to study emission of volatile gases, primary sea spray aerosol, and formation of secondary marine aerosol as a function of ocean biological and chemical processes. Here, we report observations of aerosol-phase benzothiazoles in a marine atmospheric context with complementary measurements of dissolved-phase benzothiazoles. Though previously reported dissolved in polluted coastal waters, we report the first direct evidence of the transfer of these molecules from seawater into the atmosphere. We also report the first gas-phase observations of benzothiazole in the environment absent a direct industrial, urban, or rubber-based source. From the identities and temporal dynamics of the dissolved and aerosol species, we conclude that the presence of benzothiazoles in the coastal water (and thereby their emissions into the atmosphere) is primarily attributable to anthropogenic sources. Oxidation experiments to explore the atmospheric fate of gas-phase benzothiazole show that it produces secondary aerosol and gas-phase SO2, making it a potential contributor to secondary marine aerosol formation in coastal regions and a participant in atmospheric sulfur chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Franklin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexia N Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Delaney B Kilgour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Gordon A Novak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kathryn Mayer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jonathan S Sauer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Robert J Weber
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Duyen Dang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Margaux Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christopher Lee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christopher D Cappa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Timothy H Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kimberly A Prather
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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29
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Review of Underwater Sensing Technologies and Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21237849. [PMID: 34883851 PMCID: PMC8659509 DOI: 10.3390/s21237849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As the ocean development process speeds up, the technical means of ocean exploration are being upgraded. Due to the characteristics of seawater and the complex underwater environment, conventional measurement and sensing methods used for land are difficult to apply in the underwater environment directly. Especially for the seabed topography, it is impossible to carry out long-distance and accurate detection via electromagnetic waves. Therefore, various types of acoustic and even optical sensing devices for underwater applications have come into use. Equipped by submersibles, those underwater sensors can sense underwater wide-range and accurately. Moreover, the development of sensor technology will be modified and optimized according to the needs of ocean exploitation. This paper has made a summary of the ocean sensing technologies applied in some critical underwater scenarios, including geological surveys, navigation and communication, marine environmental parameters, and underwater inspections. In order to contain as many submersible-based sensors as possible, we have to make a trade-off on breadth and depth. In the end, the authors predict the development trend of underwater sensor technology based on the future ocean exploration requirements.
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30
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Li S, Gong X, Yu M, Li Z, Chen Y, Wang S, Yu H, Shao H. Preparation of a Water-Soluble Zn X Cd 1-X S Quantum Dot Photocatalyst at Room Temperature Assisted by 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3619-3623. [PMID: 34528410 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An effective path to synthesize Znx Cd1-x S quantum dots (ZCS QDs) in aqueous phase at room temperature has remained relatively unexplored. Here, we developed a room-temperature, aqueous-phase approach to ZCS QDs, using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) to adjust the pH of the reaction precursor solution to regulate the competition between sulfur source and hydroxyl group, and realize the large-scale preparation of water-soluble ZCS QDs photocatalyst at room temperature. Without recombination with other materials, and only by regulating the ratio of pH, excess sulfur sources and Zn/Cd, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) can reach 98% within 1 min, showing high photocatalytic activity. ZCS QDs show high stability and recoverability, and are expected to be able to deal with organic pollutants on a large scale. This study provides a new idea for the preparation of other QDs at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, 230009, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Liu L, Si Y, Zhang S, Yu J, Ding B. Charged membranes based on spider silk-inspired nanofibers for comprehensive and continuous purification of wastewater. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:495704. [PMID: 34461610 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Creating a facile and efficient porous membrane for the comprehensive treatment of both insoluble and soluble pollutants from water is of great significance, yet remains challenging. Here, we present a facile strategy to prepare charged nanofibrous membranes assembled from spider silk-like humped SiO2/polyamide 66 (PA66)/polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers by combing Plateau-Rayleigh instability-induced assembly andin situsynthesis. The obtained nanofibrous membranes possess micro/nanostructured surfaces with promising superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic property, which are attributed to the synergy of hierarchical roughness and hydrophilic matrix. Combined with the superwettability and the integrated property of submicron pore size, high porosity, and good pore interconnectivity, the membranes can separate various oil-in-water emulsions with a remarkable permeation flux of 5403 l m-2h-1and a high separation efficiency (total organic carbon content <5 mg l-1). Moreover, attributed to the Laplace pressure difference and positive potential of the spindle-knotted nanofibers, the biomimetic nanofibrous membranes could remove the filter cake during separation. In addition, the membrane exhibits a remarkable adsorption-reduction capacity of hexavalent chromium. The synthesis of such attractive nanomaterials may provide new insights into the development of multifunctional separation materials for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Liu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Si
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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32
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Gilmour ME, Lewis PJ, Paige T, Lavers JL. Persistent organic pollutant (POPs) concentrations from great-winged petrels nesting in Western Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112396. [PMID: 33894588 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine animals that traverse coastal and offshore environments are potentially exposed to multiple sources of pollution. Baseline data of pollutant concentrations of these fauna are needed in remote areas as human populations grow and economic development increases because changes may affect local wildlife in unforeseen ways. Persistent organic pollutant (POPs) concentrations were quantified in an understudied seabird, the great-winged petrel (Pterodroma macroptera), that breeds in southern Western Australia. Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were measured in adults. Total POPs concentrations ranged 5.6-46.4 ng g-1 ww. The most frequently detected POPs were the dichlorodiethyltrichloroethane (DDT) metabolite 4,4'DDE, the PCB CB-28, and the BFR polybrominated diphenyl ether BDE-99. These results contribute to the limited POPs data in marine fauna in this remote region, and the Southern Hemisphere, adding to the growing body of evidence that remote regions are affected by global trends of POPs distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Gilmour
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia.
| | - Phoebe J Lewis
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Tanya Paige
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Lavers
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia
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33
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Elliott JE, Drever MC, Studholme KR, Silverthorn V, Miller AA, Elliott KH, Lee SL, Drouillard KG, Porter E, Idrissi AM, Crossin GT, Hipfner JM. Exposure to persistent organic pollutants is linked to over-wintering latitude in a Pacific seabird, the rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116928. [PMID: 33774363 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds are wide-ranging organisms often used to track marine pollution, yet the effect of migration on exposure over the annual cycle is often unclear. We used solar geolocation loggers and stable isotope analysis to study the effects of post breeding dispersal and diet on persistent organic pollutant (POP) and mercury (Hg) burdens in rhinoceros auklets, Cerorhinca monocerata, breeding on islands along the Pacific Coast of Canada. Hg and four classes of POPs were measured in auklet eggs: organochlorine insecticides (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs). Stable isotope values of adult breast feathers grown during winter were used in conjunction with geolocation to elucidate adult wintering latitude. Wintering latitude was the most consistent and significant predictor of some POP and of Hg concentrations in eggs. The magnitude and pattern of exposure varied by contaminant, with ∑PCBs, ∑PBDEs and DDE decreasing with wintering latitude, and mirex, perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid, and Hg increasing with latitude. We suggest that concentrations of these contaminants in rhinoceros auklet eggs are influenced by variation in uptake at adult wintering locations related to anthropogenic inputs and oceanic and atmospheric transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Elliott
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada.
| | - Mark C Drever
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | | | - Veronica Silverthorn
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Aroha A Miller
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandi L Lee
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | | | - Emily Porter
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Abde Miftah Idrissi
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - J Mark Hipfner
- Wildlife and Landscape Science, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
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34
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Sarker A. Ecological perspectives on water, food, and health security linkages: the Minamata case in Japan. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10.1007/s11356-021-14207-8. [PMID: 33931814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extant studies address water, food, and health security issues considerably separately and within narrow disciplinary confines. This study investigates the links among these three issues from an ecological viewpoint with a multidisciplinary approach in a modified Millennium Ecosystem Assessment framework developed by the United Nations. The modified framework includes water, food, and health security considerations as the three constituents of human well-being from an ecological (more specifically, ecosystem services) viewpoint. This study examines the links through published data associated with the Minamata incident, which was a historic and horrific methylmercury-induced water, food, and health poisoning crisis in Japan. The results show that when heavy metal pollution changes one component (marine water) of the provisioning ecosystem services, this change subsequently affects another component (seafood) of the services. This then defines the linkages among water, food, and health security as the three constituents of human well-being within the modified framework. The links can have immediate and far-reaching economic, social, legal, ethical, and justice implications within and across generations. This study provides important evidence for emerging economies that ignore the water-food-health security nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sarker
- Department of Economics, School of Business, Monash University (Malaysia Campus), 47500, Sunway City, Selangor, Malaysia.
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35
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Sebastiano M, Jouanneau W, Blévin P, Angelier F, Parenteau C, Gernigon J, Lemesle JC, Robin F, Pardon P, Budzinski H, Labadie P, Chastel O. High levels of fluoroalkyl substances and potential disruption of thyroid hormones in three gull species from South Western France. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:144611. [PMID: 33385816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) raised increasing concerns over the past years due to their persistence and global distribution. Understanding their occurrence in the environment and their disruptive effect on the physiology of humans and wildlife remains a major challenge in ecotoxicological studies. Here, we investigate the occurrence of several carboxylic and sulfonic PFAS in 105 individuals of three seabird species (27 great black-backed gull Larus marinus; 44 lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus graellsii; and 34 European herring gull Larus argentatus) from South western France. We further estimated the relationship between plasma concentrations of PFAS and i) the body condition of the birds and ii) plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (TT3). We found that great and lesser black-backed gulls from South Western France are exposed to PFAS levels comparable to highly contaminated species from other geographical areas, although major emission sources (i.e. related to industrial activities) are absent in the region. We additionally found that PFAS are negatively associated with the body condition of the birds in two of the studied species, and that these results are sex-dependent. Finally, we found positive associations between exposure to PFAS and TT3 in the great black-backed gull, suggesting a potential disrupting mechanism of PFAS exposure. Although only three years of data have been collected, we investigated PFAS trend over the study period, and found that great black-backed gulls document an increasing trend of plasma PFAS concentration from 2016 to 2018. Because PFAS might have detrimental effects on birds, French seabird populations should be monitored since an increase of PFAS exposure may impact on population viability both in the short- and long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sebastiano
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France.
| | - W Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - P Blévin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France; Akvaplan-niva AS, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - F Angelier
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - C Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
| | - J Gernigon
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - J C Lemesle
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France
| | - F Robin
- Réserve Naturelle de Lilleau des Niges, 17880, France; Ligue pour la Protection des Oiseaux (LPO), 17300 Rochefort, France
| | - P Pardon
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - H Budzinski
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - P Labadie
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, EPOC, EPHE, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - O Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS-Univ. La Rochelle, France
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Hu Y, Yue M, Yuan F, Yang L, Chen C, Sun D. Bio-inspired fabrication of highly permeable and anti-fouling ultrafiltration membranes based on bacterial cellulose for efficient removal of soluble dyes and insoluble oils. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Thorstensen H, Ruus A, Helberg M, Baek K, Enge EK, Borgå K. Common Eider and Herring Gull as Contaminant Indicators of Different Ecological Niches of an Urban Fjord System. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:422-433. [PMID: 32926521 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds like gulls are common indicators in contaminant monitoring. The herring gull (Larus argentatus) is a generalist with a broad range of dietary sources, possibly introducing a weakness in its representativeness of aquatic contamination. To investigate the herring gull as an indicator of contamination in an urban-influenced fjord, the Norwegian Oslofjord, we compared concentrations of a range of lipophilic and protein-associated organohalogen contaminants (OHCs), Hg, and dietary markers in blood (n = 15), and eggs (n = 15) between the herring gull and the strict marine-feeding common eider (Somateria mollissima) in the breeding period of May 2017. Dietary markers showed that the herring gull was less representative of the marine food web than the common eider. We found higher concentrations of lipophilic OHCs (wet weight and lipid weight) and Hg (dry weight) in the blood of common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 210 ± 126 ng/g ww, 60 600 ± 28 300 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.94 ± 0.438 ng/g dw) than of the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 19.0 ± 15.6 ng/g ww, 1210 ± 1510 ng/g lw; mean Hg = 4.26 ± 0.438 ng/g dw). Eggs gave opposite results; higher wet weight and lipid weight OHC concentrations in the herring gull (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 257 ± 203 ng/g ww, 3240 ± 2610 ng/g lw) than the common eider (mean ± SE ∑PCB = 18.2 ± 20.8 ng/g ww, 101 ± 121 ng/g lw), resulting in higher OHC maternal transfer ratios in gulls than eiders. We suggest that the matrix differences are due to fasting during incubation in the common eider. We suggest that in urban areas, herring gull might not be representative as an indicator of marine contamination but rather urban contaminant exposure. The common eider is a better indicator of marine pollution in the Oslofjord. The results are influenced by the matrix choice, as breeding strategy affects lipid dynamics regarding the transfer of lipids and contaminants to eggs and remobilization of contaminants from lipids to blood during incubation, when blood is drawn from the mother. Our results illustrate the benefit of a multispecies approach for a thorough picture of contaminant status in urban marine ecosystems. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:422-433. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Ruus
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section for Marine Pollution, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Helberg
- Department of Teacher Education, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Kine Baek
- Section for Marine Pollution, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Katrin Enge
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Elliott KH, Braune BM, Elliott JE. Beyond bulk δ 15N: Combining a suite of stable isotopic measures improves the resolution of the food webs mediating contaminant signals across space, time and communities. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 148:106370. [PMID: 33476789 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Top predators are used as indicators of contaminant trends across space and time. However, signals are integrated over complex food webs, and variation in diet may confound such signals. Trophic position, assessed by bulk δ15N, is widely used to infer the variation in diet relevant to contamination, yet a single variable cannot completely describe complex food webs. Thus, we examined relationships across three aquatic systems varying from a single species to a small food web using bulk values from four isotopes and 21 amino acid-specific values. Because variation in baseline ('source') δ15N can confound estimates of trophic position , we calculated trophic position from the difference between δ15Ntrophic (δ15N for amino acids that change with trophic position) and δ15Nsource (δ15N for amino acids that do not change with trophic position). Across all three systems, variation in δ15Nsource explained over half of the variation in bulk δ15N, and stable isotope values that reflected the base of the food web (δ13C, δ18O, δ34S) predicted contaminants as well or better than δ15N-which was supported by a meta-analysis of other studies. In ospreys feeding in lakes, variation in δ15Nsource across space created a spurious relationship between ΣDDT and apparent trophic position, and masked a relationship between ΣPCB and trophic position. In a seabird guild, changes in diet over time obscured temporal variation in contaminants over five decades. In Arctic fish and invertebrates, more accurate trophic magnification factors were calculated using δ15Ntrophic-source. Thus, (1) using δ15Ntrophic-source, instead of bulk δ15N, avoided incorrect conclusions and improved accuracy of trophic magnification factors necessary to assess risk to top predators; and (2) diet assessed with multiple spatial isotopes, rather than δ15N alone, was essential to understand patterns in contaminants across space, time and biological communities. Trophic position was most important for lipophilic 'legacy' contaminants (ΣDDT, ΣPCB) and habitat was most important for other contaminants (ΣPBDE, ΣPFAS, mercury). We argue that the use of amino acid-specific analysis of δ15N alongside 'non-trophic' isotopes should be a core feature of any study that examines the influence of trophic position on chemical pollution, as required for a chemical to be added to international conventions such as the Stockholm Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Birgit M Braune
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta V4K 3N2, Canada
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Dey D, Mondal A, Nag S, Mondal U, Hirani H, Banerjee P. The designed synthesis of a hydrophobic covalent polymer composite to expel toxic dyes and oil from wastewater: theoretical corroboration. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In pursuit of addressing a global issue linked to the purification of contaminated water bodies, hydrophobic covalent organic framework (CPCMERI-2020) and its post-synthetically modified composites CPWCS and MS@CPWCS are reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Dey
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
- Durgapur 713209
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad 201002
| | - Amita Mondal
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
- Durgapur 713209
- India
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology
| | - Somrita Nag
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
- Durgapur 713209
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad 201002
| | - Udayan Mondal
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
- Durgapur 713209
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad 201002
| | - Harish Hirani
- Mechanical Engineering Department
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Delhi-110016
- India
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute
- Durgapur 713209
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad 201002
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40
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Hong D, Zeng W, Tang B, Zhong M, Liu QJ. Density functional theory study on the electronic and photocatalytic properties of different phases for Ba2BiTaO6. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Multifunctional La(OH)3@cellulose nanofibrous membranes for efficient oil/water separation and selective removal of dyes. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Feng X, Yu Z, Long R, Sun Y, Wang M, Li X, Zeng G. Polydopamine intimate contacted two-dimensional/two-dimensional ultrathin nylon basement membrane supported RGO/PDA/MXene composite material for oil-water separation and dye removal. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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43
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Wu L, Zhang X, Anthony Thorpe J, Li L, Si Y. Mussel-inspired polydopamine functionalized recyclable coconut shell derived carbon nanocomposites for efficient adsorption of methylene blue. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang F, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Ren J, Qu X. A mesoporous encapsulated nanozyme for decontaminating two kinds of wastewater and avoiding secondary pollution. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:14465-14471. [PMID: 32618990 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03217d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water pollution is becoming a major and serious issue all over the world. However, considering conventional methods for wastewater purification is chemically, energetically and technologically intensive, thus finding a reliable and energy-saving method is still a considerable conundrum. Herein, a mesoporous encapsulated dual-function complex nanozyme consisting of gold, platinum, and cobalt tri-metal is reported, and it not only shows high activity for water purification but also has outstanding resistance to the harsh conditions of the wastewater. This complex nanozyme simultaneously exhibits excellent peroxidase mimicking activity and catalase mimicking activity, which could handle two kinds of wastewater effectively in one system, thus avoiding the use of fresh H2O2 resources and greatly saving resources. In comparison with conventional methods, this nanozyme integrated the "oxidation" process and the "deoxidation" process together in one system very well, successfully avoiding the problem of secondary pollution in the current methods. Furthermore, the treated water is compatible with cells and safe for mice. Therefore, this highly-active nanozyme provides a resource-saving and environment-friendly method for wastewater decontamination, which will be a potential way to directly convert polluted water into bio-safe resources in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zhengwei Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resources Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China.
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45
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Photocatalytic Poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane of Ag3PO4/GO/APTES for water treatment. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Cheng Z, Guan H, Meng J, Wang X. Dual-Functional Porous Wood Filter for Simultaneous Oil/Water Separation and Organic Pollutant Removal. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:14096-14103. [PMID: 32566876 PMCID: PMC7301554 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High-performance functional materials capable of simultaneously separating oil from water and removing water-soluble contaminants are critically demanded for wastewater treatment but remain highly challenging. Wood, a naturally occurring porous material composed of numerous open microchannels along the growth direction, may serve as a desirable scaffold for the development of efficient filtration materials for water treatment. Herein, by in situ deposition of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) within the channels of balsa wood, we developed dual-functional Ag/wood filters for simultaneous oil/water separation and organic dye removal from water in a one-step process. Owing to their superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity, the as-prepared Ag/wood filters can selectively separate water from oil with a high efficiency (∼99%). Moreover, benefiting from the catalytic activity of Ag NPs anchored to the surface of the wood channels, the Ag/wood filters effectively removed methylene blue (MB) from water during the oil/water separation process; the MB removal efficiency was highly dependent on the thickness of the wood filters. Specifically, the gravity-driven separation using a 6 mm-thick Ag/wood filter showed a high MB degradation efficiency of 94.03% and a water flux of 2600 L·m-2·h-1. The proposed wood-based filtration material features renewable, inexpensive raw materials, facile processing, and scale-up potential. Such dual-functional Ag/wood filters capable of rapid and efficient removal of insoluble oils and soluble pollutants from water in a one-step process offer a promising solution for wastewater treatment.
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47
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Thompson DL, Ovenden TS, Pennycott T, Nager RG. The prevalence and source of plastic incorporated into nests of five seabird species on a small offshore island. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 154:111076. [PMID: 32319907 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is little evidence documenting the prevalence of plastic nest incorporation for different seabird species and populations, and even less detailing the source of such debris as nesting material. This study presents a baseline dataset on the presence of plastic in the nests of five seabird species on Lady Isle, Scotland using a novel and repeatable methodology for quantifying plastic incorporated into nests. Plastic was found in 24.5% to 80% of nests of all species. We analysed pellets of regurgitated material and the spatial distribution of herring gull nests containing plastic in the context of the tide and nesting habitat. Differences in the types of plastic found in pellets and nests suggests that plastic incorporated into herring gull nests was not derived at foraging sites and likely collected from the local environment. Targeted beach cleans before the breeding season could help minimise the quantity of plastic available to herring gulls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas S Ovenden
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | | | - Ruedi G Nager
- Graham Kerr Building, IBAHCM, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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48
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Grenier P, Elliott JE, Drouillard KG, Guigueno MF, Muir D, Shaw DP, Wayland M, Elliott KH. Long-range transport of legacy organic pollutants affects alpine fish eaten by ospreys in western Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 712:135889. [PMID: 32050398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) contaminate pristine, alpine environments through long-range transport in the atmosphere and glacier trapping. To study variation in POPs levels in western Canada, we measured levels in the prey (fish) of osprey (Pandion haliaetus) during 1999-2004, and compared those to levels in eggs and chicks. Values in fish muscle (representing human consumption) correlated with whole carcasses (wildlife consumption) for all POPs, except toxaphene, allowing us to pool data. Biomagnification factors for osprey eggs were much higher than published values from Oregon, reflecting differences in local diet. We factored baseline-corrected food chain variation by using amino acid-specific analysis of osprey eggs, illustrating how top predators (ospreys) can indicate both ecosystem-wide baselines and contamination. Given that our biomagnification factors were so different from those for the same species from a nearby site, we argue that trophic magnification factors derived from baseline-corrected δ15N are likely a more accurate method for estimating contamination. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ΣDDT) concentrations were greatest in rainbow trout from a small lake at 1800 m, and those levels exceeded wildlife and human health guidelines. Indeed, once sites with known agricultural inputs were eliminated, elevation, percent lipids and baseline-corrected δ15N (from amino acid specific isotope values) best predicted ΣDDT. Baseline-corrected, but not bulk, δ15N was the main predictor of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCB). Total toxaphene was consistently the major contaminant after ΣPCB and ΣDDT in osprey eggs, and was present in many fish samples. We concluded that toxaphene arrived from long range deposition due to high proportions of Parlar 40-50 congeners. The only exception was Paul Lake, where toxaphene was used as a piscicide, with a high concentrations of the Hex-Sed and Hep-Sed congeners at that site. We conclude that long-range transport and trophic position, not melting glaciers, were important determinants of some legacy POPs in fish and wildlife in alpine Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Grenier
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | | | - Ken G Drouillard
- Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Windsor, Canada
| | | | - Derek Muir
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Canada
| | - D Patrick Shaw
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark Wayland
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Kyle H Elliott
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada.
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49
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Miller A, Elliott JE, Wilson LK, Elliott KH, Drouillard KG, Verreault J, Lee S, Idrissi A. Influence of overwinter distribution on exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in seabirds, ancient murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus), breeding on the Pacific coast of Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113842. [PMID: 31926389 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the fate of both legacy and newer persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is an ongoing challenge. Top predators, including seabirds, are effective monitors of POPs because they forage over a range of marine habitats, integrating signals over space and time. However, migration patterns can make unravelling contaminant sources, and potentially assessments of the effectiveness of regulations, challenging if chemicals are acquired at distant sites. In 2014, we fitted geolocators on ancient murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiqueus) at four colonies on the Pacific Coast of Canada to obtain movement data throughout an annual cycle. All birds underwent a post-breeding moult in the Bering Sea. Around one-third then returned to overwinter on the British Columbia (BC) coast while the rest migrated to overwinter in waters along the north Asian coast. Such a stark difference in migration destination provided an opportunity to examine the influence of wintering location on contaminant signals. In summer 2015, we collected blood samples from returned geo-tagged birds and analyzed them for a suite of contaminants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), non-PBDE halogenated flame retardants, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), organochlorines, and mercury. Feathers were also collected and analyzed for stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S). We found no significant differences in blood concentrations of any contaminant between murrelets from the two different overwinter areas, a result that indicates relatively rapid clearance of POPs accumulated during winter. Spatial variation in diet (i.e., δ13C) was associated with both BDE-47 and -99 concentrations. However, individual variation in trophic level had little influence on concentrations of any other examined contaminants. Thus, blood from these murrelets is a good indicator of recent, local contaminants, as most signals appear independent of overwintering location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroha Miller
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - John E Elliott
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada.
| | - Laurie K Wilson
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Jonathan Verreault
- Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sandi Lee
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
| | - Abde Idrissi
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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50
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Iroegbu AOC, Sadiku RE, Ray SS, Hamam Y. Plastics in municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment plant effluents: challenges and opportunities for South Africa-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:12953-12966. [PMID: 32124288 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pervasive plastic wastes, pollution and detrimental environmental ethics are a serious threat in South Africa. Compared with global trends, most studies undertaken on plastic pollutions in water bodies across South Africa have generally been limited to marine and coastal waters. A literature review, for the last 40 years, demonstrated the scanty studies on the economic, social, health and cost implications of plastic entrainment into fresh water (sources of drinking water) and wastewater systems in South Africa. Hence, demonstrating a knowledge gap on this imperative issue, the inadequate and limited frameworks needed in assessing, evaluating and re-evaluating the menace of plastic pollution and entrainments into consumable water and wastewater treatment plants. This has hampered the local capacity, manpower, knowledge and understanding direly needed for mitigating these challenges. This work is necessitated because of the dire need in bridging the knowledge gap locally by adaptively reviewing possible challenges and opportunities for South Africa in meeting up the mandate of addressing this global threat. The emerging agreement amongst global policy-makers, educators and scientists is that environmental challenges, such as this, require, now more than ever, renewed ways of effective knowledge production and decision-making in tackling, holistically the menace of mismanaged plastic wastes and pollutions. These include but not limited to plastic education curriculum, synergised policies in fostering a circular plastic economy, overriding political will, innovative waste management systems, inclusive independent monitoring of plastic wastes, robust laws and effective enforcement strategies that are needed to promote better environmental ethics, mitigation and a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austine O C Iroegbu
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (Polymer Division), Institute of NanoEngineering (INER), Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Rotimi E Sadiku
- Department of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (Polymer Division), Institute of NanoEngineering (INER), Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Suprakas S Ray
- National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yskandar Hamam
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- ESIEE Paris, Noisy le Grand, France
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