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Melendez-Martinez D, Morales-Martinez A, Sierra-Valdez F, Cossío-Ramírez R, Lozano O, Mayolo-Deloisa K, Rito-Palomares M, Benavides J. Insights into the mechanism of crotamine and potential targets involved in obesity-related metabolic pathways. Comput Biol Med 2024; 181:109049. [PMID: 39180854 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Crotamine (Ctm) is a peptide isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. This molecule has been demonstrated to diminish body weight gain and enhance browning in adipose tissue, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; hence, it has been postulated as an anti-obesogenic peptide. However, the mechanism to elicit the anti-obesogenic effects has yet to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated the possible interaction of Ctm with receptors involved in obesity-related metabolic pathways through protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics refinement. To test the anti-obesogenic mechanism of Ctm, we selected and retrieved 18 targets involved in obesity-related drug discovery from Protein Data Bank. Then, we performed protein-protein dockings. The best three Ctm-target models were selected and refined by molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking demonstrated that Ctm was able to interact with 13 of the 18 targets tested. Having a better docking score with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) (-1430.2 kcal/mol), DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV) (-1781.7 kcal/mol) and α-glucosidase (-1232.3 kcal/mol). These three models were refined by molecular dynamics. Ctm demonstrated a higher affinity for GLP-1R (ΔG: -41.886 ± 2.289 kcal/mol). However, Ctm interaction was more stable with DPP-IV (RMSD: 0.360 ± 0.015 nm, Radius of gyration: 2.781 ± 0.009 nm). Moreover, the number of interactions and the molecular mechanics energies of Ctm residues suggest that the interaction of Ctm with these receptors is mainly mediated by basic-hydrophobic dyads Y1-K2, W31-R32, and W33-R34. Together, all these results allow elucidating a possible molecular mechanism behind the previously described anti-obesogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Melendez-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Adriana Morales-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Francisco Sierra-Valdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cossío-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Omar Lozano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Jorge Benavides
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico.
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Bessudo A, Haseeb AM, Reeves JA, Zhu X, Wong L, Giranda V, Suttner L, Liu F, Chatterjee M, Sharma S. Safety and Efficacy of Vicriviroc (MK-7690) in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2024; 23:285-294. [PMID: 38942693 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against PD-1, has shown limited efficacy in patients with microsatellite stable or mismatch repair proficient (MSS/pMMR) metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). We evaluated vicriviroc (small-molecule C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 antagonist) plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced or metastatic MSS/pMMR CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS This open-label, phase 2 trial (NCT03631407) enrolled adults with histologically confirmed, locally advanced, unresectable or metastatic CRC that was MSS per local assessment. All patients had received previous treatment with standard therapies. Patients were randomized 1:1 to vicriviroc 150 mg orally once daily plus pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks or vicriviroc 250 mg orally once daily plus pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles (2 years). Primary endpoints were the objective response rate (ORR) as assessed by the investigator per RECIST v1.1, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), adverse events (AEs), and discontinuations due to AEs. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled and treated. ORR was 5% (95% CI, 0.1%-24.9%) in both treatment groups. There were no complete responses; 1 patient in each treatment group experienced a partial response. No patient in the vicriviroc 150 mg plus pembrolizumab group experienced a DLT. Two patients in the vicriviroc 250 mg plus pembrolizumab group experienced DLTs (1 grade 4 encephalopathy and 1 grade 4 pneumonitis). CONCLUSION The combination of vicriviroc at doses of 150 or 250 mg plus pembrolizumab 200 mg showed limited antitumor activity in patients with advanced or metastatic MSS/pMMR CRC. Toxicity with the combination was manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Bessudo
- California Cancer Associates for Research and Excellence, Encinitas, CA
| | | | - James A Reeves
- Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL
| | - Xiaofu Zhu
- Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lucas Wong
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Baylor Scott and White Health, Vasicek Cancer Treatment Center, Temple, TX
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3
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den Hollander LS, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH. Pharmacological characterization of allosteric modulators: A case for chemokine receptors. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2291-2306. [PMID: 38634664 DOI: 10.1002/med.22043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are relevant targets for a multitude of immunological diseases, but drug attrition for these receptors is remarkably high. While many drug discovery programs have been pursued, most prospective drugs failed in the follow-up studies due to clinical inefficacy, and hence there is a clear need for alternative approaches. Allosteric modulators of receptor function represent an excellent opportunity for novel drugs, as they modulate receptor activation in a controlled manner and display increased selectivity, and their pharmacological profile can be insurmountable. Here, we discuss allosteric ligands and their pharmacological characterization for modulation of chemokine receptors. Ligands are included if (1) they show clear signs of allosteric modulation in vitro and (2) display evidence of binding in a topologically distinct manner compared to endogenous chemokines. We discuss how allosteric ligands affect binding of orthosteric (endogenous) ligands in terms of affinity as well as binding kinetics in radioligand binding assays. Moreover, their effects on signaling events in functional assays and how their binding site can be elucidated are specified. We substantiate this with examples of published allosteric ligands targeting chemokine receptors and hypothetical graphs of pharmacological behavior. This review should serve as an effective starting point for setting up assays for characterizing allosteric ligands to develop safer and more efficacious drugs for chemokine receptors and, ultimately, other G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S den Hollander
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Wu Y, Che J, Dong J, Zhang X, Deng Y, Chen W, Zhang J. CCR5 antagonist maraviroc alleviates doxorubicin-induced neuroinflammation and neurobehavioral deficiency by regulating NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling in a breast cancer mouse model. Neuropharmacology 2024; 254:109981. [PMID: 38704022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent Doxorubicin (DOX) is known to cause chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI). Maraviroc, a potent C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist, shows neuroprotective properties, while its role in CICI remains unclear. This study determined the therapeutic potential of maraviroc on CICI. Adult C57BL/6J mice with implanted breast cancer cells received four weekly intraperitoneal injections of saline (Control group), 5 mg/kg DOX (DOX group), 10 mg/kg maraviroc (MVC group), or 5 mg/kg DOX with 10 mg/kg maraviroc (DOX + MVC group). The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was used for neurobehavioural test. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the expressions of inflammatory markers, apoptosis-related proteins, and synaptic-related proteins. The volume and weight of tumor were also evaluated after treatments. DOX treatment significantly increased chemokines (CCL3, CCL4) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) in tumor-bearing mice hippocampus. While maraviroc administration reduced hippocampal proinflammatory factors compared to the DOX group. Furthermore, it also lowered apoptosis markers, restored synaptic proteins levels, and inhibited the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Accordingly, maraviroc treatment significantly improved DOX-induced neurobehavioural impairments as evidenced by an increased number of platform crossings and percentage of target quadrant time in the MWM test. Additionally, when combined with DOX, maraviroc had additional inhibitory effects on tumor growth. These findings suggest that maraviroc can mitigate DOX-induced CICI by suppressing elevated proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, potentially offering an anti-tumor benefit. This research presents a promising therapeutic approach for DOX-induced CICI, enhancing the safety and efficacy of cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Ji Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Yixu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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Ding T, Guseinov AA, Milligan G, Plouffe B, Tikhonova IG. Exploring an Intracellular Allosteric Site of CC-Chemokine Receptor 4 from 3D Models, Probe Simulations, and Mutagenesis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2516-2526. [PMID: 39144548 PMCID: PMC11320731 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
We applied our previously developed probe confined dynamic mapping protocol, which combines enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and fragment-based approaches, to identify the binding site of GSK2239633A (N-[[3-[[3-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)sulfonylamino]-4-methoxyindazol-1-yl]methyl]phenyl]methyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide), a selective CC-chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) negative allosteric modulator, using CCR4 homology and AlphaFold models. By comparing the performance across five computational models, we identified conserved (K3108.49 and Y3047.53) and non-conserved (M2436.36) residue hotspots for GSK2239633A binding, which were validated by mutagenesis and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assay. Further analysis of 3D models and MD simulations highlighted the pair of residues 6.36 and 7.56 that might account for antagonist selectivity among chemokine receptors. Our in silico protocol provides a promising approach for characterizing ligand binding sites in membrane proteins, considering receptor dynamics and adaptability and guiding protein template selection for ligand design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Ding
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast Bt9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Abdul-Akim Guseinov
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast Bt9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Wellcome-Wolfson
Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry
and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s
University Belfast, Belfast Bt9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
| | - Irina G. Tikhonova
- School
of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast Bt9 7BL, Northern Ireland, U.K.
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Suzuki H, Tanaka T, Li G, Ouchida T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Development of a Sensitive Anti-Mouse CCR5 Monoclonal Antibody for Flow Cytometry. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:96-100. [PMID: 38836505 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2024.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, is the most common coreceptor for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. CCR5 is also involved in the pathogenesis of tumors and inflammatory diseases. The CCR5 antagonists including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed and evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we developed novel mAbs for mouse CCR5 (mCCR5) using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening (CBIS) method. One of the established anti-mCCR5 mAbs, C5Mab-2 (rat IgG2b, kappa), reacted with mCCR5-overexpressed Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/mCCR5) and an endogenously mCCR5-expressing cell line (L1210) by flow cytometry. Using flow cytometry, the dissociation constant (KD) of C5Mab-2 for CHO/mCCR5 was determined as 4.3 × 10-8 M. These results indicated that C5Mab-2 is useful for the detection of mCCR5 in flow cytometry and may be applicable to obtain the proof of concept in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Guanjie Li
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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7
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Ubukata R, Suzuki H, Tanaka T, Li G, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Development of Sensitive Anti-Mouse CCR5 Monoclonal Antibodies Using the N-Terminal Peptide Immunization. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:112-118. [PMID: 38868984 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2024.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the G protein-coupled receptors, C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), is an important regulator for the activation of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Upon binding to its ligands, CCR5 activates downstream signaling, which is an important regulator in the innate and adaptive immune response through the promotion of lymphocyte migration and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Anti-CCR5 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed and evaluated in clinical trials for tumors and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we developed novel mAbs for mouse CCR5 (mCCR5) using the N-terminal peptide immunization. Among the established anti-mCCR5 mAbs, C5Mab-4 (rat IgG2a, kappa) and C5Mab-8 (rat IgG1, kappa), recognized mCCR5-overexpressing Chinese hamster ovary-K1 (CHO/mCCR5) and an endogenously mCCR5-expressing cell line (L1210) by flow cytometry. The dissociation constant (KD) values of C5Mab-4 and C5Mab-8 for CHO/mCCR5 were determined as 3.5 × 10-8 M and 7.3 × 10-9 M, respectively. Furthermore, both C5Mab-4 and C5Mab-8 could detect mCCR5 by western blotting. These results indicated that C5Mab-4 and C5Mab-8 are useful for detecting mCCR5 by flow cytometry and western blotting and provide a possibility to obtain the proof of concept in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Guanjie Li
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Kobayashi H, Suzuki H, Tanaka T, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Epitope Mapping of an Anti-Mouse CCR8 Monoclonal Antibody C 8Mab-2 Using Flow Cytometry. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2024; 43:101-107. [PMID: 38836509 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2024.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is highly and selectively expressed in regulatory T (Treg) cells and is associated with tumor progression. The massive accumulation of Treg cells into tumors suppresses the effector function of CD8+ cells against tumor cells. Therefore, selective depletion of Treg cells using anti-CCR8 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reinvigorates antitumor immune responses and improves responses to cancer immunotherapy. Previously, we developed an anti-mouse CCR8 (mCCR8) mAb, C8Mab-2, using the Cell-Based Immunization and Screening method. In this study, the binding epitope of C8Mab-2 was investigated using flow cytometry. The mCCR8 extracellular domain-substituted mutant analysis showed that C8Mab-2 recognizes the N-terminal region (1-33 amino acids) of mCCR8. Next, 1×alanine (or glycine) scanning and 2×alanine (or glycine) scanning were conducted in the N-terminal region. The results revealed that the 17-DFFTAP-22 sequence is important for the recognition by C8Mab-2, and Thr20 is a central amino acid of the epitope. These results revealed the involvement of the N-terminus of mCCR8 in the recognition by C8Mab-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiyori Kobayashi
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Eid AM, Selim A, Khaled M, Elfiky AA. Hybrid Virtual Screening Approach to Predict Novel Natural Compounds against HIV-1 CCR5. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:7086-7101. [PMID: 39016126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to pose a major global health challenge. HIV entry into host cells via membrane fusion mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein gp120/gp41 is a key step in the HIV life cycle. CCR5, expressed on CD4+ T cells and macrophages, acts as a coreceptor facilitating HIV-1 entry. The CCR5 antagonist maraviroc is used to treat HIV infection. However, it can cause adverse effects and has limitations such as only inhibiting CCR5-tropic viruses. There remains a need to develop alternative CCR5 inhibitors with improved safety profiles. PROBLEM STATEMENT Natural products may offer advantages over synthetic inhibitors including higher bioavailability, binding affinity, effectiveness, lower toxicity, and molecular diversity. However, screening the vast chemical space of natural compounds to identify novel CCR5 inhibitors presents challenges. This study aimed to address this gap through a hybrid ligand-based pharmacophore modeling and molecular docking approach to virtually screen large natural product databases. METHODS A reliable pharmacophore model was developed based on 311 known CCR5 antagonists and validated against an external data set. Five natural product databases containing over 306,000 compounds were filtered based on drug-likeness rules. The validated pharmacophore model screened the databases to identify 611 hits. Key residues of the CCR5 receptor crystal structure were identified for docking. The top hits were docked, and interactions were analyzed. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to examine complex stability. Computational prediction evaluated pharmacokinetic properties. RESULTS Three compounds exhibited similar interactions and binding energies to maraviroc. MD simulations demonstrated complex stability comparable to maraviroc. One compound showed optimal predicted absorption, minimal metabolism, and a lower likelihood of interactions than maraviroc. CONCLUSION This computational screening workflow identified three natural compounds with promising CCR5 inhibition and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles. One compound emerged as a lead based on bioavailability potential and minimal interaction risk. These findings present opportunities for developing alternative CCR5 antagonists and warrant further experimental investigation. Overall, the hybrid virtual screening approach proved effective for mining large natural product spaces to discover novel molecular entities with drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman M Eid
- Biophysics Dept. Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Abdallah Selim
- Biophysics Dept. Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Khaled
- Biophysics Dept. Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Abdo A Elfiky
- Biophysics Dept. Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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Sun Y, Wang L. Development of Anti-HIV Therapeutics: From Conventional Drug Discovery to Cutting-Edge Technology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:887. [PMID: 39065738 PMCID: PMC11280173 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The efforts to discover HIV therapeutics have continued since the first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patient was confirmed in the 1980s. Ten years later, the first HIV drug, zidovudine (AZT), targeting HIV reverse transcriptase, was developed. Meanwhile, scientists were enlightened to discover new drugs that target different HIV genes, like integrase, protease, and host receptors. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the most feasible medical intervention to suppress the virus in people with HIV (PWH) and control the epidemic. ART treatment has made HIV a chronic infection rather than a fatal disease, but ART does not eliminate latent reservoirs of HIV-1 from the host cells; strict and life-long adherence to ART is required for the therapy to be effective in patients. In this review, we first discussed the scientific history of conventional HIV drug discovery since scientists need to develop more and more drugs to solve drug-resistant issues and release the side effects. Then, we summarized the novel research technologies, like gene editing, applied to HIV treatment and their contributions to eliminating HIV as a complementary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
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11
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Gutiérrez Á, Reyes ME, Larronde C, Brebi P, Mora-Lagos B. Targeting CCR3 with antagonist SB 328437 sensitizes 5‑fluorouracil‑resistant gastric cancer cells: Experimental evidence and computational insights. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:296. [PMID: 38737977 PMCID: PMC11082837 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth globally in cancer diagnoses and third for cancer-related deaths. Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a primary treatment, faces challenges due to the development of chemoresistance. Tumor microenvironment factors, including C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), can contribute to chemoresistance. The present study evaluated the effect of CCR3 receptor inhibition using the antagonist SB 328437 and the molecular dynamics of this interaction on resistance to 5-FU in gastric cancer cells. The 5-FU-resistant AGS cell line (AGS R-5FU) demonstrated notable tolerance to higher concentrations of 5-FU, with a 2.6-fold increase compared with the parental AGS cell line. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of thymidylate synthase (TS), a molecular marker for 5-FU resistance, were significantly elevated in AGS R-5FU cells. CCR3 was shown to be expressed at significantly higher levels in these resistant cells. Combining SB 328437 with 5-FU resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, particularly at higher concentrations of 5-FU. Furthermore, when SB 328437 was combined with 5-FU at a high concentration, the relative mRNA expression levels of CCR3 and TS decreased significantly. Computational analysis of CCR3 demonstrated dynamic conformational changes, especially in extracellular loop 2 region, which indicated potential alterations in ligand recognition. Docking simulations demonstrated that SB 328437 bound to the allosteric site of CCR3, inducing a conformational change in ECL2 and hindering ligand recognition. The present study provides comprehensive information on the molecular and structural aspects of 5-FU resistance and CCR3 modulation, highlighting the potential for therapeutic application of SB 328437 in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Gutiérrez
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
| | - María Elena Reyes
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Carolina Larronde
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
| | - Priscilla Brebi
- Laboratory of Integrative Biology, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
- Biomedical Research Consortium - Chile, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4810296 Temuco, Chile
| | - Bárbara Mora-Lagos
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4810101 Temuco, Chile
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12
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Szwabowski GL, Griffing M, Mugabe EJ, O’Malley D, Baker LN, Baker DL, Parrill AL. G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Ligand Pose and Functional Class Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6876. [PMID: 38999982 PMCID: PMC11241240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transmembrane protein family members play essential roles in physiology. Numerous pharmaceuticals target GPCRs, and many drug discovery programs utilize virtual screening (VS) against GPCR targets. Improvements in the accuracy of predicting new molecules that bind to and either activate or inhibit GPCR function would accelerate such drug discovery programs. This work addresses two significant research questions. First, do ligand interaction fingerprints provide a substantial advantage over automated methods of binding site selection for classical docking? Second, can the functional status of prospective screening candidates be predicted from ligand interaction fingerprints using a random forest classifier? Ligand interaction fingerprints were found to offer modest advantages in sampling accurate poses, but no substantial advantage in the final set of top-ranked poses after scoring, and, thus, were not used in the generation of the ligand-receptor complexes used to train and test the random forest classifier. A binary classifier which treated agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists as active and all other ligands as inactive proved highly effective in ligand function prediction in an external test set of GPR31 and TAAR2 candidate ligands with a hit rate of 82.6% actual actives within the set of predicted actives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel L. Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (G.L.S.); (M.G.); (E.J.M.); (D.O.); (L.N.B.)
| | - Abby L. Parrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (G.L.S.); (M.G.); (E.J.M.); (D.O.); (L.N.B.)
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13
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Inan T, Flinko R, Lewis GK, MacKerell AD, Kurkcuoglu O. Identifying and Assessing Putative Allosteric Sites and Modulators for CXCR4 Predicted through Network Modeling and Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:5157-5174. [PMID: 38647430 PMCID: PMC11139592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is a critical target for the treatment of several cancer types and HIV-1 infections. While orthosteric and allosteric modulators have been developed targeting its extracellular or transmembrane regions, the intramembrane region of CXCR4 may also include allosteric binding sites suitable for the development of allosteric drugs. To investigate this, we apply the Gaussian Network Model (GNM) to the monomeric and dimeric forms of CXCR4 to identify residues essential for its local and global motions located in the hinge regions of the protein. Residue interaction network (RIN) analysis suggests hub residues that participate in allosteric communication throughout the receptor. Mutual residues from the network models reside in regions with a high capacity to alter receptor dynamics upon ligand binding. We then investigate the druggability of these potential allosteric regions using the site identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) approach, revealing two putative allosteric sites on the monomer and three on the homodimer. Two screening campaigns with Glide and SILCS-Monte Carlo docking using FDA-approved drugs suggest 20 putative hit compounds including antifungal drugs, anticancer agents, HIV protease inhibitors, and antimalarial drugs. In vitro assays considering mAB 12G5 and CXCL12 demonstrate both positive and negative allosteric activities of these compounds, supporting our computational approach. However, in vivo functional assays based on the recruitment of β-arrestin to CXCR4 do not show significant agonism and antagonism at a single compound concentration. The present computational pipeline brings a new perspective to computer-aided drug design by combining conformational dynamics based on network analysis and cosolvent analysis based on the SILCS technology to identify putative allosteric binding sites using CXCR4 as a showcase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Inan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Robin Flinko
- Institute
of Human Virology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - George K. Lewis
- Institute
of Human Virology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Alexander D. MacKerell
- University
of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University
of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Ozge Kurkcuoglu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
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14
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Xiong Z, Yu SL, Xie ZX, Zhuang RL, Peng SR, Wang Q, Gao Z, Li BH, Xie JJ, Huang H, Li KW. Cancer-associated fibroblasts promote enzalutamide resistance and PD-L1 expression in prostate cancer through CCL5-CCR5 paracrine axis. iScience 2024; 27:109674. [PMID: 38646169 PMCID: PMC11031830 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to play a key role in prostate cancer treatment resistance, but the role of CAFs in the initial course of enzalutamide therapy for prostate cancer remains unclear. Our research revealed that CAFs secrete CCL5, which promotes the upregulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate cancer cells, leading to resistance to enzalutamide therapy. Furthermore, CCL5 also enhances the expression of tumor programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), resulting in immune escape. Mechanistically, CCL5 binds to the receptor CCR5 on prostate cancer cells and activates the AKT signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of AR and PD-L1. The CCR5 antagonist maraviroc to inhibit the CAFs mediated CCL5 signaling pathway can effectively reduce the expression of AR and PD-L1, and improve the efficacy of enzalutamide. This study highlights a promising therapeutic approach targeting the CCL5-CCR5 signaling pathway to improve the effectiveness of enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shun-Li Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Rui-Lin Zhuang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shi-Rong Peng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Urology, Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ze Gao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250063, China
| | - Bing-Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jun-Jia Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Urological Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Wen Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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15
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Amorim Sacramento L, Farias Amorim C, G. Lombana C, Beiting D, Novais F, P. Carvalho L, M. Carvalho E, Scott P. CCR5 promotes the migration of pathological CD8+ T cells to the leishmanial lesions. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012211. [PMID: 38709823 PMCID: PMC11098486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytolytic CD8+ T cells mediate immunopathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis without controlling parasites. Here, we identify factors involved in CD8+ T cell migration to the lesion that could be targeted to ameliorate disease severity. CCR5 was the most highly expressed chemokine receptor in patient lesions, and the high expression of CCL3 and CCL4, CCR5 ligands, was associated with delayed healing of lesions. To test the requirement for CCR5, Leishmania-infected Rag1-/- mice were reconstituted with CCR5-/- CD8+ T cells. We found that these mice developed smaller lesions accompanied by a reduction in CD8+ T cell numbers compared to controls. We confirmed these findings by showing that the inhibition of CCR5 with maraviroc, a selective inhibitor of CCR5, reduced lesion development without affecting the parasite burden. Together, these results reveal that CD8+ T cells migrate to leishmanial lesions in a CCR5-dependent manner and that blocking CCR5 prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Amorim Sacramento
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Camila Farias Amorim
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Claudia G. Lombana
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Novais
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz–Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz–Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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16
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Apetroaei MM, Velescu BȘ, Nedea MI(I, Dinu-Pîrvu CE, Drăgănescu D, Fâcă AI, Udeanu DI, Arsene AL. The Phenomenon of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in the Context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment: Dynamic and Ever Evolving Subject Matter. Biomedicines 2024; 12:915. [PMID: 38672269 PMCID: PMC11048092 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a significant global health issue that affects a substantial number of individuals across the globe, with a total of 39 million individuals living with HIV/AIDS. ART has resulted in a reduction in HIV-related mortality. Nevertheless, the issue of medication resistance is a significant obstacle in the management of HIV/AIDS. The unique genetic composition of HIV enables it to undergo rapid mutations and adapt, leading to the emergence of drug-resistant forms. The development of drug resistance can be attributed to various circumstances, including noncompliance with treatment regimens, insufficient dosage, interactions between drugs, viral mutations, preexposure prophylactics, and transmission from mother to child. It is therefore essential to comprehend the molecular components of HIV and the mechanisms of antiretroviral medications to devise efficacious treatment options for HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Bruno Ștefan Velescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Marina Ionela (Ilie) Nedea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Cristina Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Doina Drăgănescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
| | - Anca Ionela Fâcă
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthisiology, 90 Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ioana Udeanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthisiology, 90 Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Letiția Arsene
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (M.-M.A.); (M.I.N.); (C.E.D.-P.); (D.D.); (A.I.F.); (D.I.U.); (A.L.A.)
- Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumophthisiology, 90 Viilor Street, 050159 Bucharest, Romania
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17
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Zhang M, Chen T, Lu X, Lan X, Chen Z, Lu S. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms, and drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:88. [PMID: 38594257 PMCID: PMC11004190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of human membrane proteins and an important class of drug targets, play a role in maintaining numerous physiological processes. Agonist or antagonist, orthosteric effects or allosteric effects, and biased signaling or balanced signaling, characterize the complexity of GPCR dynamic features. In this study, we first review the structural advancements, activation mechanisms, and functional diversity of GPCRs. We then focus on GPCR drug discovery by revealing the detailed drug-target interactions and the underlying mechanisms of orthosteric drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past five years. Particularly, an up-to-date analysis is performed on available GPCR structures complexed with synthetic small-molecule allosteric modulators to elucidate key receptor-ligand interactions and allosteric mechanisms. Finally, we highlight how the widespread GPCR-druggable allosteric sites can guide structure- or mechanism-based drug design and propose prospects of designing bitopic ligands for the future therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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18
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Lin Y, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen C, Yang S, Pei G, Lin M, Yu J, Liu X, Wang H, Long J, Yan Q, Liang J, Yao J, Yi F, Meng L, Tan Y, Chen N, Yang Y, Ai Q. CCR5 and inflammatory storm. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102286. [PMID: 38561044 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chemokines and their corresponding receptors play crucial roles in orchestrating inflammatory and immune responses, particularly in the context of pathological conditions disrupting the internal environment. Among these receptors, CCR5 has garnered considerable attention due to its significant involvement in the inflammatory cascade, serving as a pivotal mediator of neuroinflammation and other inflammatory pathways associated with various diseases. However, a notable gap persists in comprehending the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between CCR5 and its ligands across diverse and intricate inflammatory pathologies. Further exploration is warranted, especially concerning the inflammatory cascade instigated by immune cell infiltration and the precise binding sites within signaling pathways. This study aims to illuminate the regulatory axes modulating signaling pathways in inflammatory cells by providing a comprehensive overview of the pathogenic processes associated with CCR5 and its ligands across various disorders. The primary focus lies on investigating the pathomechanisms associated with CCR5 in disorders related to neuroinflammation, alongside the potential impact of aging on these processes and therapeutic interventions. The discourse culminates in addressing current challenges and envisaging potential future applications, advocating for innovative research endeavors to advance our comprehension of this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal&Child Health Care Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songwei Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Gang Pei
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Technology Innovation Center/National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Chinese Medicine Powders and Innovative Drugs, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Junpeng Long
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Qian Yan
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jinping Liang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jiao Yao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Nephrology Department, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan 411100, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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19
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Sever B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Ciftci H. A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3659. [PMID: 38612471 PMCID: PMC11012182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an enormous global health threat stemming from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Up to now, the tremendous advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have shifted HIV-1 infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disorder. However, the presence of latent reservoirs, the multifaceted nature of HIV-1, drug resistance, severe off-target effects, poor adherence, and high cost restrict the efficacy of current cART targeting the distinct stages of the virus life cycle. Therefore, there is an unmet need for the discovery of new therapeutics that not only bypass the limitations of the current therapy but also protect the body's health at the same time. The main goal for complete HIV-1 eradication is purging latently infected cells from patients' bodies. A potential strategy called "lock-in and apoptosis" targets the budding phase of the life cycle of the virus and leads to susceptibility to apoptosis of HIV-1 infected cells for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoirs and, ultimately, for complete eradication. The current work intends to present the main advantages and disadvantages of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-HIV-1 drugs as well as plausible strategies for the design and development of more anti-HIV-1 compounds with better potency, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and improved safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Türkiye;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Türkiye
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20
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Marković V, Szczepańska A, Berlicki Ł. Antiviral Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3205-3231. [PMID: 38394369 PMCID: PMC10945500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Continually repeating outbreaks of pathogenic viruses necessitate the construction of effective antiviral strategies. Therefore, the development of new specific antiviral drugs in a well-established and efficient manner is crucial. Taking into account the strong ability of viruses to change, therapies with diversified molecular targets must be sought. In addition to the widely explored viral enzyme inhibitor approach, inhibition of protein-protein interactions is a very valuable strategy. In this Perspective, protein-protein interaction inhibitors targeting HIV, SARS-CoV-2, HCV, Ebola, Dengue, and Chikungunya viruses are reviewed and discussed. Antibodies, peptides/peptidomimetics, and small molecules constitute three classes of compounds that have been explored, and each of them has some advantages and disadvantages for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Marković
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- University
of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anna Szczepańska
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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21
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Miller WE, O'Connor CM. CMV-encoded GPCRs in infection, disease, and pathogenesis. Adv Virus Res 2024; 118:1-75. [PMID: 38461029 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven-transmembrane domain proteins that modulate cellular processes in response to external stimuli. These receptors represent the largest family of membrane proteins, and in mammals, their signaling regulates important physiological functions, such as vision, taste, and olfaction. Many organisms, including yeast, slime molds, and viruses encode GPCRs. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are large, betaherpesviruses, that encode viral GPCRs (vGPCRs). Human CMV (HCMV) encodes four vGPCRs, including UL33, UL78, US27, and US28. Each of these vGPCRs, as well as their rodent and primate orthologues, have been investigated for their contributions to viral infection and disease. Herein, we discuss how the CMV vGPCRs function during lytic and latent infection, as well as our understanding of how they impact viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Bioscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christine M O'Connor
- Infection Biology, Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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22
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Dawson JRD, Wadman GM, Zhang P, Tebben A, Carter PH, Gu S, Shroka T, Borrega-Roman L, Salanga CL, Handel TM, Kufareva I. Molecular determinants of antagonist interactions with chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.15.567150. [PMID: 38014122 PMCID: PMC10680698 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
By driving monocyte chemotaxis, the chemokine receptor CCR2 shapes inflammatory responses and the formation of tumor microenvironments. This makes it a promising target in inflammation and immuno-oncology; however, despite extensive efforts, there are no FDA-approved CCR2-targeting therapeutics. Cited challenges include the redundancy of the chemokine system, suboptimal properties of compound candidates, and species differences that confound the translation of results from animals to humans. Structure-based drug design can rationalize and accelerate the discovery and optimization of CCR2 antagonists to address these challenges. The prerequisites for such efforts include an atomic-level understanding of the molecular determinants of action of existing antagonists. In this study, using molecular docking and artificial-intelligence-powered compound library screening, we uncover the structural principles of small molecule antagonism and selectivity towards CCR2 and its sister receptor CCR5. CCR2 orthosteric inhibitors are shown to universally occupy an inactive-state-specific tunnel between receptor helices 1 and 7; we also discover an unexpected role for an extra-helical groove accessible through this tunnel, suggesting its potential as a new targetable interface for CCR2 and CCR5 modulation. By contrast, only shape complementarity and limited helix 8 hydrogen bonding govern the binding of various chemotypes of allosteric antagonists. CCR2 residues S1012.63 and V2446.36 are implicated as determinants of CCR2/CCR5 and human/mouse orthosteric and allosteric antagonist selectivity, respectively, and the role of S1012.63 is corroborated through experimental gain-of-function mutagenesis. We establish a critical role of induced fit in antagonist recognition, reveal strong chemotype selectivity of existing structures, and demonstrate the high predictive potential of a new deep-learning-based compound scoring function. Finally, this study expands the available CCR2 structural landscape with computationally generated chemotype-specific models well-suited for structure-based antagonist design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R D Dawson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Grant M Wadman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Percy H Carter
- Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ, USA
- (current affiliation) Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siyi Gu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- (current affiliation) Lycia Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Thomas Shroka
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- (current affiliation) Avidity Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA
| | - Leire Borrega-Roman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherina L Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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23
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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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24
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Jiang S, Lin X, Wu L, Wang L, Wu Y, Xu Z, Xu F. Unveiling the structural mechanisms of nonpeptide ligand recognition and activation in human chemokine receptor CCR8. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7500. [PMID: 38306437 PMCID: PMC10836724 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The human CC chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is an emerging therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy and autoimmune diseases. Understanding the molecular recognition of CCR8, particularly with nonpeptide ligands, is valuable for drug development. Here, we report three cryo-electron microscopy structures of human CCR8 complexed with Gi trimers in the ligand-free state or activated by nonpeptide agonists LMD-009 and ZK 756326. A conserved Y1.39Y3.32E7.39 motif in the orthosteric binding pocket is shown to play a crucial role in the chemokine and nonpeptide ligand recognition. Structural and functional analyses indicate that the lack of conservation in Y1143.33 and Y1724.64 among the CC chemokine receptors could potentially contribute to the selectivity of the nonpeptide ligand binding to CCR8. These findings present the characterization of the molecular interaction between a nonpeptide agonist and a chemokine receptor, aiding the development of therapeutics targeting related diseases through a structure-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xi Lin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ling Wang
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ziyi Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Fei Xu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Shanghai 201210, China
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25
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Faivre N, Verollet C, Dumas F. The chemokine receptor CCR5: multi-faceted hook for HIV-1. Retrovirology 2024; 21:2. [PMID: 38263120 PMCID: PMC10807162 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are cytokines whose primary role is cellular activation and stimulation of leukocyte migration. They perform their various functions by interacting with G protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPCRs) and are involved in the regulation of many biological processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis or organogenesis. They contribute to the maintenance of the homeostasis of lymphocytes and coordinate the function of the immune system. However, chemokines and their receptors are sometimes hijacked by some pathogens to infect the host organism. For a given chemokine receptor, there is a wide structural, organizational and conformational diversity. In this review, we describe the evidence for structural variety reported for the chemokine receptor CCR5, how this variability can be exploited by HIV-1 to infect its target cells and what therapeutic solutions are currently being developed to overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Faivre
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Christel Verollet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Toulouse, France
- International Research Laboratory (IRP) CNRS "IM-TB/HIV", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabrice Dumas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France.
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26
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Kant R, Kaushik R, Chopra M, Saluja D. Structure-based drug discovery to identify SARS-CoV2 spike protein-ACE2 interaction inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38174578 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2300060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
After the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has undergone a dynamic evolution driven by the acquisition of genetic modifications, resulting in several variants that are further classified as variants of interest (VOIs), variants under monitoring (VUM) and variants of concern (VOC) by World Health Organization (WHO). Currently, there are five SARS-CoV-2 VOCs (Alpha, Beta, Delta, Gamma and Omicron), two VOIs (Lambda and Mu) and several other VOIs that have been reported globally. In this study, we report a natural compound, Curcumin, as the potential inhibitor to the interactions between receptor binding domain (RBD(S1)) and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) domains and showcased its inhibitory potential for the Delta and Omicron variants through a computational approach by implementing state of the art methods. The study for the first time revealed a higher efficiency of Curcumin, especially for hindering the interaction between RBD(S1) and hACE-2 domains of Delta and Omicron variants as compared to other lead compounds. We investigated that the mutations in the RBD(S1) of VOC especially Delta and Omicron variants affect its structure compared to that of the wild type and other variants and therefore altered its binding to the hACE2 receptor. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analyses substantially supported the findings in terms of the stability of the docked complexes. This study offers compelling evidence, warranting a more in-depth exploration into the impact of these alterations on the binding of identified drug molecules with the Spike protein. Further investigation into their potential therapeutic effects in vivo is highly recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research &Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kaushik
- Biotechology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City, UAE
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research &Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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27
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Sonawani A, Naglekar A, Kharche S, Sengupta D. Assessing Protein-Protein Docking Protocols: Case Studies of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2780:257-280. [PMID: 38987472 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3985-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The interactions of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with other proteins are critical in several cellular processes but resolving their structural dynamics remains challenging. An increasing number of GPCR complexes have been experimentally resolved but others including receptor variants are yet to be characterized, necessitating computational predictions of their interactions. Although integrative approaches with multi-scale simulations would provide rigorous estimates of their conformational dynamics, protein-protein docking remains a first tool of choice of many researchers due to the availability of open-source programs and easy to use web servers with reasonable predictive power. Protein-protein docking algorithms have limited ability to consider protein flexibility, environment effects, and entropy contributions and are usually a first step towards more integrative approaches. The two critical steps of docking: the sampling and scoring algorithms have improved considerably and their performance has been validated against experimental data. In this chapter, we provide an overview and generalized protocol of a few docking protocols using GPCRs as test cases. In particular, we demonstrate the interactions of GPCRs with extracellular protein ligands and an intracellular protein effectors (G-protein) predicted from docking approaches and test their limitations. The current chapter will help researchers critically assess docking protocols and predict experimentally testable structures of GPCR complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sonawani
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Amit Naglekar
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Durba Sengupta
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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28
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Sun D, Sun Y, Janezic E, Zhou T, Johnson M, Azumaya C, Noreng S, Chiu C, Seki A, Arenzana TL, Nicoludis JM, Shi Y, Wang B, Ho H, Joshi P, Tam C, Payandeh J, Comps-Agrar L, Wang J, Rutz S, Koerber JT, Masureel M. Structural basis of antibody inhibition and chemokine activation of the human CC chemokine receptor 8. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7940. [PMID: 38040762 PMCID: PMC10692165 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) is a class A G-protein coupled receptor that has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Targeting CCR8 with an antibody has appeared to be an attractive therapeutic approach, but the molecular basis for chemokine-mediated activation and antibody-mediated inhibition of CCR8 are not fully elucidated. Here, we obtain an antagonist antibody against human CCR8 and determine structures of CCR8 in complex with either the antibody or the endogenous agonist ligand CCL1. Our studies reveal characteristic antibody features allowing recognition of the CCR8 extracellular loops and CCL1-CCR8 interaction modes that are distinct from other chemokine receptor - ligand pairs. Informed by these structural insights, we demonstrate that CCL1 follows a two-step, two-site binding sequence to CCR8 and that antibody-mediated inhibition of CCL1 signaling can occur by preventing the second binding event. Together, our results provide a detailed structural and mechanistic framework of CCR8 activation and inhibition that expands our molecular understanding of chemokine - receptor interactions and offers insight into the development of therapeutic antibodies targeting chemokine GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Sun
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yonglian Sun
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Eric Janezic
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tricia Zhou
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Caleigh Azumaya
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sigrid Noreng
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Septerna Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Cecilia Chiu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Akiko Seki
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Tune Therapeutics, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Teresita L Arenzana
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- HIBio, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - John M Nicoludis
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yongchang Shi
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Baomei Wang
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hoangdung Ho
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Prajakta Joshi
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Christine Tam
- Department of Biomolecular Resources, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jian Payandeh
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Exelixis Inc., Alameda, CA, 94502, USA
| | - Laëtitia Comps-Agrar
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jianyong Wang
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sascha Rutz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - James T Koerber
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Matthieu Masureel
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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29
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Farghaly TA, Masaret GS, Abdulwahab HG. The patent review of the biological activity of tropane containing compounds. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:875-899. [PMID: 38165255 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2299349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tropane-derived medications have historically played a substantial role in pharmacotherapy. Both natural and synthetic derivatives of tropane find application in addressing diverse medical conditions. Prominent examples of tropane-based drugs include hyoscine butylbromide, recognized for its antispasmodic properties, atropine, employed as a mydriatic, maraviroc, known for its antiviral effects. trospium chloride, utilized as a spasmolytic for overactive bladder, and ipratropium, a bronchodilator. AREAS COVERED We compiled patents pertaining to the biological activity of substances containing tropane up to the year 2023 and categorized them according to the specific type of biological activity they exhibit. ScienceFinder, ScienceDirect, and Patent Guru were used to search for scientific articles and patent literature up to 2023. EXPERT OPINION Pharmaceutical researchers in academic and industrial settings have shown considerable interest in tropane derivatives. Despite this, there remains a substantial amount of work to be undertaken. A focused approach is warranted for the exploration and advancement of both natural and synthetic bioactive molecules containing tropane, facilitated through collaborative efforts between academia and industry. Leveraging contemporary techniques and technologies in medicinal and synthetic chemistry, including high throughput screening, drug repurposing,and biotechnological engineering, holds the potential to unveil novel possibilities and accelerate the drug discovery process for innovative tropane-based pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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30
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Peng Y, Zong Y, Wang D, Chen J, Chen ZS, Peng F, Liu Z. Current drugs for HIV-1: from challenges to potential in HIV/AIDS. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1294966. [PMID: 37954841 PMCID: PMC10637376 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1294966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persists in latently infected CD4+T cells and integrates with the host genome until cell death. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with HIV-1. Possibly, treating HIV/AIDS is an essential but challenging clinical goal. This review provides a detailed account of the types and mechanisms of monotherapy and combination therapy against HIV-1 and describes nanoparticle and hydrogel delivery systems. In particular, the recently developed capsid inhibitor (Lenacapavir) and the Ainuovirine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine combination (ACC008) are described. It is interestingly to note that the lack of the multipass transmembrane proteins serine incorporator 3 (SERINC3) and the multipass transmembrane proteins serine incorporator 5 (SERINC5) may be one of the reasons for the enhanced infectivity of HIV-1. This discovery of SERINC3 and SERINC5 provides new ideas for HIV-1 medication development. Therefore, we believe that in treating AIDS, antiviral medications should be rationally selected for pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis to avoid the emergence of drug resistance. Attention should be paid to the research and development of new drugs to predict HIV mutations as accurately as possible and to develop immune antibodies to provide multiple guarantees for the cure of AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanjun Zong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Dongfeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Junbing Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Liver Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fujun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Ma W, Liu A, Wu X, Gao L, Chen J, Wu H, Liu M, Fan Y, Peng L, Yang J, Kong J, Li B, Ji Z, Dong Y, Luo S, Song J, Bao F. The intricate role of CCL5/CCR5 axis in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:894-900. [PMID: 37769321 PMCID: PMC10587995 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality associated with Alzheimer disease (AD), one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, are increasing each year. Although both amyloid β and tau proteins are known to be involved in AD pathology, their detailed functions in the pathogenesis of the disease are not fully understood. There is increasing evidence that neuroinflammation contributes to the development and progression of AD, with astrocytes, microglia, and the cytokines and chemokines they secrete acting coordinately in these processes. Signaling involving chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) and its main receptor C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) plays an important role in normal physiologic processes as well as pathologic conditions such as neurodegeneration. In recent years, many studies have shown that the CCL5/CCR5 axis plays a major effect in the pathogenesis of AD, but there are also a few studies that contradict this. In short, the role of CCL5/CCR5 axis in the pathogenesis of AD is still intricate. This review summarizes the structure, distribution, physiologic functions of the CCL5/CCR5 axis, and the progress in understanding its involvement in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Ma
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinya Wu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Gao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanxin Wu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Meixiao Liu
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuxin Fan
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Peng
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaru Yang
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Kong
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bingxue Li
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenhua Ji
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Suyi Luo
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jieqin Song
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fukai Bao
- Evidence-Based Medicine Team, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, The Institute for Tropical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Children’s Major Diseases Research, The Affiliated Children Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Sacramento LA, Amorim CF, Lombana CG, Beiting D, Novais F, Carvalho LP, Carvalho EM, Scott P. CCR5 promotes the migration of CD8 + T cells to the leishmanial lesions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561700. [PMID: 37873253 PMCID: PMC10592772 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytolytic CD8+ T cells mediate immunopathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis without controlling parasites. Here, we identify factors involved in CD8+ T cell migration to the lesion that could be targeted to ameliorate disease severity. CCR5 was the most highly expressed chemokine receptor in patient lesions, and the high expression of CCL3 and CCL4, CCR5 ligands, was associated with delayed healing of lesions. To test the requirement for CCR5, Leishmania-infected Rag1-/- mice were reconstituted with CCR5-/- CD8+ T cells. We found that these mice developed smaller lesions accompanied by a reduction in CD8+ T cell numbers compared to controls. We confirmed these findings by showing that the inhibition of CCR5 with maraviroc, a selective inhibitor of CCR5, reduced lesion development without affecting the parasite burden. Together, these results reveal that CD8+ T cells migrate to leishmanial lesions in a CCR5-dependent manner and that blocking CCR5 prevents CD8+ T cell-mediated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Amorim Sacramento
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Camila Farias Amorim
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Claudia G. Lombana
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Daniel Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
| | - Fernanda Novais
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lucas P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LAPEC), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz – Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-060, Brazil
| | - Edgar M. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas (LAPEC), Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Clínicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Gonçalo Muniz – Fiocruz, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
- Immunology Service, Professor Edgard Santos University Hospital Complex, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-060, Brazil
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-4539, USA
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Wu QL, Cui LY, Ma WY, Wang SS, Zhang Z, Feng ZP, Sun HS, Chu SF, He WB, Chen NH. A novel small-molecular CCR5 antagonist promotes neural repair after stroke. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1935-1947. [PMID: 37198412 PMCID: PMC10545720 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is one of the main co-receptors of HIV-1, and has been found to be a potential therapeutic target for stroke. Maraviroc is a classic CCR5 antagonist, which is undergoing clinical trials against stroke. As maraviroc shows poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, it is of interest to find novel CCR5 antagonists suitable for neurological medication. In this study we characterized the therapeutic potential of a novel CCR5 antagonist A14 in treating ischemic stroke mice. A14 was discovered in screening millions compounds in the Chemdiv library based on the molecular docking diagram of CCR5 and maraviroc. We found that A14 dose-dependently inhibited the CCR5 activity with an IC50 value of 4.29 μM. Pharmacodynamic studies showed that A14 treatment exerted protective effects against neuronal ischemic injury both in vitro and vivo. In a SH-SY5Y cell line overexpressing CCR5, A14 (0.1, 1 μM) significantly alleviated OGD/R-induced cell injury. We found that the expression of CCR5 and its ligand CKLF1 was significantly upregulated during both acute and recovery period in focal cortical stroke mice; oral administration of A14 (20 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 1 week) produced sustained protective effect against motor impairment. A14 treatment had earlier onset time, lower onset dosage and much better BBB permeability compared to maraviroc. MRI analysis also showed that A14 treatment significantly reduced the infarction volume after 1 week of treatment. We further revealed that A14 treatment blocked the protein-protein interaction between CCR5 and CKLF1, increasing the activity of CREB signaling pathway in neurons, thereby improving axonal sprouting and synaptic density after stroke. In addition, A14 treatment remarkably inhibited the reactive proliferation of glial cells after stroke and reduced the infiltration of peripheral immune cells. These results demonstrate that A14 is a promising novel CCR5 antagonist for promoting neuronal repair after ischemic stroke. A14 blocked the protein-protein interaction between CKLF1 and CCR5 after stroke by binding with CCR5 stably, improved the infarct area and promoted motor recovery through reversing the CREB/pCREB signaling which was inhibited by activated CCR5 Gαi pathway, and benefited to the dendritic spines and axons sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Lin Wu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Li-Yuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wen-Yu Ma
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shi-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Wen-Bin He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
- National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Khan A, Paneerselvam N, Lawson BR. Antiretrovirals to CCR5 CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing - A paradigm shift chasing an HIV cure. Clin Immunol 2023; 255:109741. [PMID: 37611838 PMCID: PMC10631514 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of drug-resistant viral strains and anatomical and cellular reservoirs of HIV pose significant clinical challenges to antiretroviral therapy. CCR5 is a coreceptor critical for HIV host cell fusion, and a homozygous 32-bp gene deletion (∆32) leads to its loss of function. Interestingly, an allogeneic HSCT from an HIV-negative ∆32 donor to an HIV-1-infected recipient demonstrated a curative approach by rendering the recipient's blood cells resistant to viral entry. Ex vivo gene editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9, hold tremendous promise in generating allogeneic HSC grafts that can potentially replace allogeneic ∆32 HSCTs. Here, we review antiretroviral therapeutic challenges, clinical successes, and failures of allogeneic and allogeneic ∆32 HSCTs, and newer exciting developments within CCR5 editing using CRISPR/Cas9 in the search to cure HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Khan
- The Scintillon Research Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | - Brian R Lawson
- The Scintillon Research Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Gill KS, Mehta K, Heredia JD, Krishnamurthy VV, Zhang K, Procko E. Multiple mechanisms of self-association of chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 demonstrated by deep mutagenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105229. [PMID: 37690681 PMCID: PMC10551899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are members of the rhodopsin-like class A GPCRs whose signaling through G proteins drives the directional movement of cells in response to a chemokine gradient. Chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 have been extensively studied due to their roles in leukocyte development and inflammation and their status as coreceptors for HIV-1 infection, among other roles. Both receptors form dimers or oligomers of unclear function. While CXCR4 has been crystallized in a dimeric arrangement, available atomic resolution structures of CCR5 are monomeric. To investigate their dimerization interfaces, we used a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based screen and deep mutational scanning to find mutations that change how the receptors self-associate, either via specific oligomer assembly or alternative mechanisms of clustering in close proximity. Many disruptive mutations promoted self-associations nonspecifically, suggesting they aggregated in the membrane. A mutationally intolerant region was found on CXCR4 that matched the crystallographic dimer interface, supporting this dimeric arrangement in living cells. A mutationally intolerant region was also observed on the surface of CCR5 by transmembrane helices 3 and 4. Mutations predicted from the scan to reduce BiFC were validated and were localized in the transmembrane domains as well as the C-terminal cytoplasmic tails where they reduced lipid microdomain localization. A mutation in the dimer interface of CXCR4 had increased binding to the ligand CXCL12 and yet diminished calcium signaling. There was no change in syncytia formation with cells expressing HIV-1 Env. The data highlight that multiple mechanisms are involved in self-association of chemokine receptor chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Gill
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeremiah D Heredia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Erik Procko
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Cyrus Biotechnology, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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36
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Lees JA, Dias JM, Rajamohan F, Fortin JP, O'Connor R, Kong JX, Hughes EAG, Fisher EL, Tuttle JB, Lovett G, Kormos BL, Unwalla RJ, Zhang L, Dechert Schmitt AM, Zhou D, Moran M, Stevens KA, Fennell KF, Varghese AE, Maxwell A, Cote EE, Zhang Y, Han S. An inverse agonist of orphan receptor GPR61 acts by a G protein-competitive allosteric mechanism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5938. [PMID: 37741852 PMCID: PMC10517971 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR61 is an orphan GPCR related to biogenic amine receptors. Its association with phenotypes relating to appetite makes it of interest as a druggable target to treat disorders of metabolism and body weight, such as obesity and cachexia. To date, the lack of structural information or a known biological ligand or tool compound has hindered comprehensive efforts to study GPR61 structure and function. Here, we report a structural characterization of GPR61, in both its active-like complex with heterotrimeric G protein and in its inactive state. Moreover, we report the discovery of a potent and selective small-molecule inverse agonist against GPR61 and structural elucidation of its allosteric binding site and mode of action. These findings offer mechanistic insights into an orphan GPCR while providing both a structural framework and tool compound to support further studies of GPR61 function and modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Lees
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - João M Dias
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca O'Connor
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jimmy X Kong
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily A G Hughes
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ethan L Fisher
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jamison B Tuttle
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Lovett
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bethany L Kormos
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dahui Zhou
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Michael Moran
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Maxwell
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Emmaline E Cote
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seungil Han
- Discovery Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA.
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37
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Gu S, Huang M, Handel TM. On-bead purification and nanodisc reconstitution of human chemokine receptor complexes for structural and biophysical studies. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102460. [PMID: 37516969 PMCID: PMC10407235 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors, a subfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are responsible for cell migration during physiological processes as well as in diseases like inflammation and cancers. Here, we present a protocol for solubilizing, purifying, and reconstituting complexes of chemokine receptors with their ligands in "nanodiscs," soluble lipid bilayers that mimic the native environment of membrane receptors. The protocol yields chemokine receptor complexes with sufficient purity and yield for structural and biophysical studies and should be applicable to other GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Gu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Mian Huang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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Mahmud Hussen B, Noori M, Sayad B, Ebadi Fard Azar M, Sadri Nahand J, Bayat M, Babaei F, Karampour R, Bokharaei-Salim F, Mirzaei H, Moghoofei M, Bannazadeh Baghi H. New Potential MicroRNA Biomarkers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Elite Controllers, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections, and Coinfections with Hepatitis B Virus or Hepatitis C Virus. Intervirology 2023; 66:122-135. [PMID: 37699384 DOI: 10.1159/000533595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This research aimed to evaluate the specific microRNA (miRNA) including miR-17-5p, miRN-140-3p miR-191-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-N367 and cellular factors (p21, SDF-1, XCL1, CCL-2, and IL-2) in controlling replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in ECs. METHODS The expression of miRNAs was assessed between healthy control groups and patient groups including ART-naïve HIV, HIV ART, ECs, and coinfection (HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV) via real-time PCR technique. Besides, the expression level of the nef gene and cellular factors were assessed by the ELISA method. The differences in the level of cellular factors and selected miRNAs between study groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H or one-way ANOVA test. In addition, the potential of selected miRNAs as biomarkers for discriminating study groups was assessed by the receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Some miRNAs in ECs, HIV ART, and healthy controls have similar expression patterns, whereas a miRNA expression profile of patient groups significantly differed compared to EC and control groups. According to ROC curve analyses, the miR-17-5p, miR-140-3p miR-191-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-N367 can be served as biomarkers for discriminating ECs from ART-naïve HIV-infected groups. There was a significant correlation between some miRNAs and cellular factors/the viral load as well. CONCLUSION This report demonstrated a differentiation in the expression of selected immunological factors and cellular/viral miRNAs in ECs compared to other patient groups. Some miRNAs and cellular factors are involved in the viral replication control, immune response/modulation and can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of ECs and differentiation with other groups. Differential expression of these miRNAs and cellular factors in different stages of HIV infection can help in finding novel ways for infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Majid Noori
- AJA University of Medical Sciences, Golestan Hospital Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Sayad
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mobina Bayat
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Romina Karampour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- HIV Laboratory of National Center, Vice Chancellor for Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Maria-Solano MA, Choi S. Dynamic allosteric networks drive adenosine A 1 receptor activation and G-protein coupling. eLife 2023; 12:RP90773. [PMID: 37656635 PMCID: PMC10473838 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) present specific activation pathways and signaling among receptor subtypes. Hence, an extensive knowledge of the structural dynamics of the receptor is critical for the development of therapeutics. Here, we target the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), for which a negligible number of drugs have been approved. We combine molecular dynamics simulations, enhanced sampling techniques, network theory and pocket detection to decipher the activation pathway of A1R, decode the allosteric networks and identify transient pockets. The A1R activation pathway reveal hidden intermediate and pre-active states together with the inactive and fully-active states observed experimentally. The protein energy networks computed throughout these conformational states successfully unravel the extra and intracellular allosteric centers and the communication pathways that couples them. We observe that the allosteric networks are dynamic, being increased along activation and fine-tuned in presence of the trimeric G-proteins. Overlap of transient pockets and energy networks uncover how the allosteric coupling between pockets and distinct functional regions of the receptor is altered along activation. By an in-depth analysis of the bridge between activation pathway, energy networks and transient pockets, we provide a further understanding of A1R. This information can be useful to ease the design of allosteric modulators for A1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Maria-Solano
- Global AI Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sun Choi
- Global AI Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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40
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Våbenø J, Oliva-Santiago M, Jørgensen AS, Karlshøj S, Rosenkilde MM. Identification of a Salt Bridge That Is Functionally Important for Chemokine Receptor CXCR1 but not CXCR2. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:1120-1128. [PMID: 37588755 PMCID: PMC10425996 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2) have high sequence similarity and overlapping chemokine ligand profiles. Residue positions 3.32 and 7.39 are critical for signal transduction in the related CXCR4, and in these positions CXCR1 and CXCR2 contain oppositely charged residues (Lys3.32 and Glu7.39). Experimental and computed receptor structures reveal the possible formation of a salt bridge between transmembrane (TM) helices 3 and 7 via these two residues. To investigate the functional importance of Lys1173.32 and Glu2917.39 in CXCR1, along with the flanking Glu1183.33, we performed a signaling study on 16 CXCR1 mutants using two different CXCL8 isoforms. While single Ala-mutation (K1173.32A, E2917.39A) and charge reversal (K1173.32E, E2917.39K) resulted in nonfunctional receptors, double (K1173.32E-E2917.39K) and triple (K1173.32E-E1183.33A-E2917.39K) mutants rescued CXCR1 function. In contrast, the corresponding mutations did not affect the CXCR2 function to the same extent. Our findings show that the Lys3.32-Glu7.39 salt bridge between TM3 and -7 is functionally important for CXCR1 but not for CXCR2, meaning that signal transduction for these highly homologous receptors is not conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Våbenø
- Helgeland
Hospital Trust, Prestmarkveien
1, 8800 Sandnessjøen, Norway
| | - Marta Oliva-Santiago
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Astrid S. Jørgensen
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Karlshøj
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Mette M. Rosenkilde
- Laboratory
for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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41
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Grudzien P, Neufeld H, Ebe Eyenga M, Gaponenko V. Development of tolerance to chemokine receptor antagonists: current paradigms and the need for further investigation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1184014. [PMID: 37575219 PMCID: PMC10420067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1184014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine G-protein coupled receptors are validated drug targets for many diseases, including cancer, neurological, and inflammatory disorders. Despite much time and effort spent on therapeutic development, very few chemokine receptor antagonists are approved for clinical use. Among potential reasons for the slow progress in developing chemokine receptor inhibitors, antagonist tolerance, a progressive reduction in drug efficacy after repeated administration, is likely to play a key role. The mechanisms leading to antagonist tolerance remain poorly understood. In many cases, antagonist tolerance is accompanied by increased receptor concentration on the cell surface after prolonged exposure to chemokine receptor antagonists. This points to a possible role of altered receptor internalization and presentation on the cell surface, as has been shown for agonist (primarily opioid) tolerance. In addition, examples of antagonist tolerance in the context of other G-protein coupled receptors suggest the involvement of noncanonical signal transduction in opposing the effects of the antagonists. In this review, we summarize the available progress and challenges in therapeutic development of chemokine receptor antagonists, describe the available knowledge about antagonist tolerance, and propose new avenues for future investigation of this important phenomenon. Furthermore, we highlight the modern methodologies that have the potential to reveal novel mechanisms leading to antagonist tolerance and to propel the field forward by advancing the development of potent "tolerance-free" antagonists of chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vadim Gaponenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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42
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Festa BP, Siddiqi FH, Jimenez-Sanchez M, Won H, Rob M, Djajadikerta A, Stamatakou E, Rubinsztein DC. Microglial-to-neuronal CCR5 signaling regulates autophagy in neurodegeneration. Neuron 2023; 111:2021-2037.e12. [PMID: 37105172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia switch to an activated state, which results in excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Our work aims to investigate how this paracrine signaling affects neuronal function. Here, we show that activated microglia mediate non-cell-autonomous inhibition of neuronal autophagy, a degradative pathway critical for the removal of toxic, aggregate-prone proteins accumulating in neurodegenerative diseases. We found that the microglial-derived CCL-3/-4/-5 bind and activate neuronal CCR5, which in turn promotes mTORC1 activation and disrupts autophagy and aggregate-prone protein clearance. CCR5 and its cognate chemokines are upregulated in the brains of pre-manifesting mouse models for Huntington's disease (HD) and tauopathy, suggesting a pathological role of this microglia-neuronal axis in the early phases of these diseases. CCR5 upregulation is self-sustaining, as CCL5-CCR5 autophagy inhibition impairs CCR5 degradation itself. Finally, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of CCR5 rescues mTORC1 hyperactivation and autophagy dysfunction, which ameliorates HD and tau pathologies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Paola Festa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Farah H Siddiqi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Jimenez-Sanchez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Hyeran Won
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Matea Rob
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Alvin Djajadikerta
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanna Stamatakou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), CB2 0XY Cambridge, UK.
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43
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Dunbar KJ, Karakasheva TA, Tang Q, Efe G, Lin EW, Harris M, Sahu V, Sachdeva UM, Hu J, Klein-Szanto AJ, Henick B, Diehl JA, Nakagawa H, Rustgi AK. Tumor-Derived CCL5 Recruits Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Promotes Tumor Cell Proliferation in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:741-752. [PMID: 37027010 PMCID: PMC10330279 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. Our objective was to identify secreted factor(s) that mediate the communication between CAFs and ESCC tumor cells with the aim of identifying potential druggable targets. Through unbiased cytokine arrays, we have identified CC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) as a secreted factor that is increased upon co-culture of ESCC cells and CAFs, which we replicated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) with CAFs. Loss of tumor-cell-derived CCL5 reduces ESCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and we propose this is mediated, in part, by a reduction in ERK1/2 signaling. Loss of tumor-derived CCL5 reduces the percentage of CAFs recruited to xenograft tumors in vivo. CCL5 is a ligand for the CC motif receptor 5 (CCR5), for which a clinically approved inhibitor exists, namely Maraviroc. Maraviroc treatment reduced tumor volume, CAF recruitment, and ERK1/2 signaling in vivo, thus, mimicking the effects observed with genetic loss of CCL5. High CCL5 or CCR5 expression is associated with worse prognosis in low-grade esophageal carcinomas. IMPLICATIONS These data highlight the role of CCL5 in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of targeting the CCL5-CCR5 axis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Dunbar
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatiana A. Karakasheva
- Gastrointestinal Epithelium Modeling Program, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qiaosi Tang
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gizem Efe
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric W. Lin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Harris
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Varun Sahu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Henick
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anil K. Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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44
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Blanchet X, Weber C, von Hundelshausen P. Chemokine Heteromers and Their Impact on Cellular Function-A Conceptual Framework. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10925. [PMID: 37446102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoattractant cytokines or chemokines are proteins involved in numerous biological activities. Their essential role consists of the formation of gradient and (immune) cell recruitment. Chemokine biology and its related signaling system is more complex than simple ligand-receptor interactions. Beside interactions with their cognate and/or atypical chemokine receptors, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), chemokines form complexes with themselves as homo-oligomers, heteromers and also with other soluble effector proteins, including the atypical chemokine MIF, carbohydrate-binding proteins (galectins), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or with chemokine-binding proteins such as evasins. Likewise, nucleic acids have been described as binding targets for the tetrameric form of CXCL4. The dynamic balance between monomeric and dimeric structures, as well as interactions with GAGs, modulate the concentrations of free chemokines available along with the nature of the gradient. Dimerization of chemokines changes the canonical monomeric fold into two main dimeric structures, namely CC- and CXC-type dimers. Recent studies highlighted that chemokine dimer formation is a frequent event that could occur under pathophysiological conditions. The structural changes dictated by chemokine dimerization confer additional biological activities, e.g., biased signaling. The present review will provide a short overview of the known functionality of chemokines together with the consequences of the interactions engaged by the chemokines with other proteins. Finally, we will present potential therapeutic tools targeting the chemokine multimeric structures that could modulate their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Blanchet
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636 Munich, Germany
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45
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Han S, Lu Y. Fluorine in anti-HIV drugs approved by FDA from 1981 to 2023. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115586. [PMID: 37393791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nowadays, FDA has approved over thirty antiretroviral drugs grouped in six categories. Interestingly, one-third of these drugs contain different number of fluorine atoms. The introduction of fluorine to obtain drug-like compounds is a well-accepted strategy in medicinal chemistry. In this review, we summarized 11 fluorine-containing anti-HIV drugs, focusing on their efficacy, resistance, safety, and specific roles of fluorine in the development of each drug. These examples may be of help for the discovery of new drug candidates bearing fluorine in their structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiming Lu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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46
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Pawnikar S, Akhter S, Miao Y. Structural dynamics of chemokine receptors. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:645-662. [PMID: 37718001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in awide range of physiological and pathological cellular processes. Binding of extracellular signals to GPCRs, including hormones, neurotransmitters, peptides and proteins, can activate intracellular signaling cascades via G protein interaction. Chemokine receptors are key GPCRs implicated in cancers, immune responses, cell migration and inflammation. Specifically, the CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors serve as important therapeutic targets against Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into human cells. Maraviroc and Vicriviroc, two clinically used HIV entry inhibitors, are antagonists of the CCR5 receptor. These drugs block HIV entry, but ultimately resistance develops, due to emergence of viruses that can utilize the CXCR4 co-receptor. Unfortunately, development of chemokine receptor antagonists as selective drugs of HIV infection has been greatly hindered as their target orthosteric site is conserved among different receptor subtypes. Accordingly, it is important to understand the structural dynamics of these receptors to develop more effective therapeutics. In this chapter, we describe the latest advances in studies of these two key chemokine receptors with respect to their structures, dynamics and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Pawnikar
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sana Akhter
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
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47
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Nyiro B, Amanya SB, Bayiyana A, Wasswa F, Nabulime E, Kayongo A, Nankya I, Mboowa G, Kateete DP, Sande OJ. Reduced CCR5 expression among Uganda HIV controllers. Retrovirology 2023; 20:8. [PMID: 37231494 PMCID: PMC10210444 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-023-00626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several mechanisms including reduced CCR5 expression, protective HLA, viral restriction factors, broadly neutralizing antibodies, and more efficient T-cell responses, have been reported to account for HIV control among HIV controllers. However, no one mechanism universally accounts for HIV control among all controllers. In this study we determined whether reduced CCR5 expression accounts for HIV control among Ugandan HIV controllers. We determined CCR5 expression among Ugandan HIV controllers compared with treated HIV non-controllers through ex-vivo characterization of CD4 + T cells isolated from archived PBMCs collected from the two distinct groups. RESULTS The percentage of CCR5 + CD4 + T cells was similar between HIV controllers and treated HIV non-controllers (ECs vs. NCs, P = 0.6010; VCs vs. NCs, P = 0.0702) but T cells from controllers had significantly reduced CCR5 expression on their cell surface (ECs vs. NCs, P = 0.0210; VCs vs. NCs, P = 0.0312). Furthermore, we identified rs1799987 SNP among a subset of HIV controllers, a mutation previously reported to reduce CCR5 expression. In stark contrast, we identified the rs41469351 SNP to be common among HIV non-controllers. This SNP has previously been shown to be associated with increased perinatal HIV transmission, vaginal shedding of HIV-infected cells and increased risk of death. CONCLUSION CCR5 has a non-redundant role in HIV control among Ugandan HIV controllers. HIV controllers maintain high CD4 + T cells despite being ART naïve partly because their CD4 + T cells have significantly reduced CCR5 densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Nyiro
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sharon Bright Amanya
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alice Bayiyana
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Wasswa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eva Nabulime
- Centre for AIDS Research Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Centre, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Alex Kayongo
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Immaculate Nankya
- Centre for AIDS Research Laboratory, Joint Clinical Research Centre, Wakiso, Uganda
| | - Gerald Mboowa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Patrick Kateete
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Obondo James Sande
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
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48
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van Aalst EJ, McDonald CJ, Wylie BJ. Cholesterol Biases the Conformational Landscape of the Chemokine Receptor CCR3: A MAS SSNMR-Filtered Molecular Dynamics Study. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:3068-3085. [PMID: 37127541 PMCID: PMC10208230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol directs the pathway of ligand-induced G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signal transduction. The GPCR C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is the principal chemotactic receptor for eosinophils, with roles in cancer metastasis and autoinflammatory conditions. Recently, we discovered a direct correlation between bilayer cholesterol and increased agonist-triggered CCR3 signal transduction. However, the allosteric molecular mechanism escalating ligand affinity and G protein coupling is unknown. To study cholesterol-guided CCR3 conformational selection, we implement comparative, objective measurement of protein architectures by scoring shifts (COMPASS) to grade model structures from molecular dynamics simulations. In this workflow, we scored predicted chemical shifts against 2-dimensional solid-state NMR 13C-13C correlation spectra of U-15N,13C-CCR3 samples prepared with and without cholesterol. Our analysis of trajectory model structures uncovers that cholesterol induces site-specific conformational restraint of extracellular loop (ECL) 2 and conserved motion in transmembrane helices and ECL3 not observed in simulations of bilayers with only phosphatidylcholine lipids. PyLipID analysis implicates direct cholesterol agency in CCR3 conformational selection and dynamics. Residue-residue contact scoring shows that cholesterol biases the conformational selection of the orthosteric pocket involving Y411.39, Y1133.32, and E2877.39. Lastly, we observe contact remodeling in activation pathway residues centered on the initial transmission switch, Na+ pocket, and R3.50 in the DRY motif. Our observations have unique implications for understanding of CCR3 ligand recognition and specificity and provide mechanistic insight into how cholesterol functions as an allosteric regulator of CCR3 signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J. van Aalst
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
| | - Corey J. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79415, United States
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49
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Mattheisen JM, Limberakis C, Ruggeri RB, Dowling MS, Am Ende CW, Ceraudo E, Huber T, McClendon CL, Sakmar TP. Bioorthogonal Tethering Enhances Drug Fragment Affinity for G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11173-11184. [PMID: 37116188 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate diverse cellular signaling pathways and are important drug targets. Despite the availability of high-resolution structures, the discovery of allosteric modulators remains challenging due to the dynamic nature of GPCRs in native membranes. We developed a strategy to covalently tether drug fragments adjacent to allosteric sites in GPCRs to enhance their potency and enable fragment-based drug screening in cell-based systems. We employed genetic code expansion to site-specifically introduce noncanonical amino acids with reactive groups in C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) near an allosteric binding site for the drug maraviroc. We then used molecular dynamics simulations to design heterobifunctional maraviroc analogues consisting of a drug fragment connected by a flexible linker to a reactive moiety capable of undergoing a bioorthogonal coupling reaction. We synthesized a library of these analogues and employed the bioorthogonal inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction to couple the analogues to the engineered CCR5 in live cells, which were then assayed using cell-based signaling assays. Tetherable low-affinity maraviroc fragments displayed an increase in potency for CCR5 engineered with reactive unnatural amino acids that were adjacent to the maraviroc binding site. The strategy we describe to tether novel drug fragments to GPCRs should prove useful to probe allosteric or cryptic binding site functionality in fragment-based GPCR-targeted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Mattheisen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Chris Limberakis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Roger B Ruggeri
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher W Am Ende
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Christopher L McClendon
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
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50
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Wang C, Li Q, Sun L, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang W, Li J, Liu Y, Lu L, Jiang S. An Artificial Peptide-Based Bifunctional HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor That Interferes with Viral Glycoprotein-41 Six-Helix Bundle Formation and Antagonizes CCR5 on the Host Cell Membrane. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051038. [PMID: 37243126 DOI: 10.3390/v15051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by high variability and drug resistance. This has necessitated the development of antivirals with a new chemotype and therapy. We previously identified an artificial peptide with non-native protein sequence, AP3, with the potential to inhibit HIV-1 fusion through targeting hydrophobic grooves on the N-terminal heptad repeat trimer of viral glycoprotein gp41. Here, a small-molecule HIV-1 inhibitor targeting chemokine coreceptor CCR5 on the host cell was integrated into the AP3 peptide, producing a novel dual-target inhibitor with improved activity against multiple HIV-1 strains including those resistant to the currently used anti-HIV-1 drug enfuvirtide. Its superior antiviral potency in comparison with the respective pharmacophoric moieties is in consonance with the dual binding of viral gp41 and host factor CCR5. Therefore, our work provides a potent artificial peptide-based bifunctional HIV-1 entry inhibitor and highlights the multitarget-directed ligands approach in the development of novel therapeutic anti-HIV-1 agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Lujia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Fudan University, 131 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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