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Bouakaz A, Michel Escoffre J. From concept to early clinical trials: 30 years of microbubble-based ultrasound-mediated drug delivery research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 206:115199. [PMID: 38325561 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasound mediated drug delivery, a promising therapeutic modality, has evolved remarkably over the past three decades. Initially designed to enhance contrast in ultrasound imaging, microbubbles have emerged as a main vector for drug delivery, offering targeted therapy with minimized side effects. This review addresses the historical progression of this technology, emphasizing the pivotal role microbubbles play in augmenting drug extravasation and targeted delivery. We explore the complex mechanisms behind this technology, from stable and inertial cavitation to diverse acoustic phenomena, and their applications in medical fields. While the potential of ultrasound mediated drug delivery is undeniable, there are still challenges to overcome. Balancing therapeutic efficacy and safety and establishing standardized procedures are essential areas requiring attention. A multidisciplinary approach, gathering collaborations between researchers, engineers, and clinicians, is important for exploiting the full potential of this technology. In summary, this review highlights the potential of using ultrasound mediated drug delivery in improving patient care across various medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
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2
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Del Campo Fonseca A, Ahmed D. Ultrasound robotics for precision therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 205:115164. [PMID: 38145721 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of microrobots in precision therapy has gained significant attention. The small size and maneuverability of these micromachines enable them to potentially access regions that are difficult to reach using traditional methods; thus, reducing off-target toxicities and maximizing treatment effectiveness. Specifically, acoustic actuation has emerged as a promising method to exert control. By harnessing the power of acoustic energy, these small machines potentially navigate the body, assemble at the desired sites, and deliver therapies with enhanced precision and effectiveness. Amidst the enthusiasm surrounding these miniature agents, their translation to clinical environments has proven difficult. The primary objectives of this review are threefold: firstly, to offer an overview of the fundamental acoustic principles employed in the field of microrobots; secondly, to assess their current applications in medical therapies, encompassing tissue targeting, drug delivery or even cell infiltration; and lastly, to delve into the continuous efforts aimed at integrating acoustic microrobots into in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Del Campo Fonseca
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Acoustic Robotics Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland.
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Yin J, Huang H, Zheng M, Hu J. An ultrasonic biosample disruptor with two triangular teeth on its radiation face. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300263. [PMID: 38009259 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has been used in biosample disruption such as disruption of algal cell and DNA. New structure of ultrasonic biosample disruptor (UBD) needs to be explored to increase the energy efficiency. In this study, an UBD with two triangular teeth on the bottom radiation face of the water tank has been proposed, to concentrate the acoustic energy into the slot between the two neighboring triangular teeth, in order to raise the acoustic energy utilization and fragmentation performance. The acoustic energy concentration into the slot is verified by the FEM computation, and the improvement of fragmentation performance is experimentally confirmed with spirulina and tribonema, compared to the traditional UBD which has a flat radiation face. The number proportion of fragment in the length range of 10-20 μm generated by the UBD proposed in this work is 17.08% and 10.82% more than that generated by the traditional UBD for the two samples, respectively. Besides, the UBD proposed in this work has a much smaller standard deviation of DNA fragment length (47 bp) than the traditional UBD (249 bp), with a similar mean length of fragments. Moreover, the maximum weight proportion of fragment in the range of 100-300 bp, generated by the UBD proposed in this work, is 71.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yin
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Huang
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Junhui Hu
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
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Fang Q, Guo Z, Zhao L, Liu Y. Microstructure and Properties of Magnesium Alloy Joints Bonded by Using Gallium with the Assistance of Ultrasound at Room Temperature. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6994. [PMID: 37959591 PMCID: PMC10650432 DOI: 10.3390/ma16216994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Although magnesium alloys show potential as structural and functional materials, they are difficult to join using traditional welding methods because of their low melting points and active chemical properties. Their poor weldability impedes their universal application. Ultrasound-assisted transient liquid-phase bonding (U-TLP) is a novel method used for magnesium alloy bonding, but in almost all related studies, a heating device has been required, and the types of solders are limited. In this study, gallium was used as solder to bond AZ31 magnesium alloy with ultrasonic assistance at room temperature (without a heating device) due to the low melting temperature of gallium and its compatibility with other metals when forming intermetallic compounds (IMCs). The variations in the products, microstructure, fracture characteristics, and shear strength of the joints were investigated. A reliable joint composed of IMCs (Mg2Ga5, H-MgGa2, and Mg2Ga) and a eutectic structure was obtained after an ultrasonic duration of 3 s. Significantly, the plasticity of the joint was improved due to ultrasonic effects, which included the accelerated element diffusion process, the refinement of grains to nanometer particles, and the homogenization of organization. Thus, the highest shear strength of 14.65 MPa at 4 s was obtained, with obvious cleavage fracture characteristics in the region of the IMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Nanling Campus, Changchun 130025, China; (Q.F.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zuoxing Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Nanling Campus, Changchun 130025, China; (Q.F.); (Z.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Nanling Campus, Changchun 130025, China; (Q.F.); (Z.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Nanling Campus, Changchun 130025, China; (Q.F.); (Z.G.)
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
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Bany Abdelnabi AA, Al Theeb N, Almomani MA, Ghanem H, Rosiwal SM. Effect of electrode parameters in the electro-production of reactive oxidizing species via boron-doped diamond under batch mode. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10830. [PMID: 36527295 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ozone and hydroxyl radicals (• OH) are powerful reactive oxidizing species (ROS) that are commonly utilized in water disinfection. The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is often used to generate such oxidants, whereas optimizing its experimental setup and electrode parameters plays a crucial role in its performance. This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's active area, type of electrode substrates (mesh or sheet), type of mesh substrate (rolled and unrolled), and number of anodes and cathodes are examined. The results showed that the use of two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode and one long-rolled mesh as a cathode gives the optimal performance of electrolysis process at 15 V potential and 3 min. These results will provide a start for developing a cost accepted, health-safe, household disinfection device that reduces susceptibility to human life-threatening waterborne diseases. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's parameters on the electro-production of ROS is examined. The best performance is achieved using rolled mesh electrodes. Two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode electrodes and one long-rolled mesh cathode electrode give the optimal electrolysis process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Bany Abdelnabi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Nader Al Theeb
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A Almomani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanadi Ghanem
- Chair of Metals Science and Technology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan M Rosiwal
- Chair of Metals Science and Technology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Haque F, Thimmanagari M, Chiang YW. Ultrasound assisted cyanotoxin extraction for nematode inhibition in soil. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 89:106120. [PMID: 35985256 PMCID: PMC9403550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are one of the plant damaging nematodes in agriculture causing a projected annual yield loss of ∼12 % (∼$160 billion) worldwide. Conventional solutions to control these plant-parasitic nematodes involve chemical nematicides. To reduce the use of harmful chemicals, microalgal extracts can be used as greener alternatives for nematode management. Microalgae produce valuable metabolites, including cyanotoxins which can aid in nematode suppression. In this study, two microalgae species, Trichormus variabilis and Nostoc punctiforme, were treated with ultrasound for intensified recovery of secondary metabolites. Ultrasound results in cell wall disruption of the microalgal species, thus resulting in enhanced release of secondary metabolites. Microalgal biomass was treated with an ultrasound probe at 50 % amplitude, 20 kHz frequency, using water as the extraction medium, for 5-30 min. The extraction efficiency was determined in terms of the total chlorophyll (Chl) content of the extract. Microscopic images of the treated cells were also investigated to gain insight into the effect of the ultrasonication time on the cell morphology. Our results suggest that ultrasonication resulted in the intensified release of secondary metabolites, as established through the total chlorophyll content of the ultrasonicated microalgal samples as well as the microscopic images of the ruptured cells. The best extraction for Trichormus variabilis was achieved with 15 min extraction time where the Total Chl content increased by 29 times (compared to the non-ultrasonicated sample), and for the Nostoc punctiforme, 30 min extraction time gave the highest metabolite recovery of 6.4 times higher than the non-ultrasonicated sample. Ultrasonicated algal extracts were then tested for their nematicidal potential against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, in infested field soil samples. Experimental study was conducted using different concentrations of each microalga, Trichormus sp. and Nostoc sp., individually, as well as in combination. The nematode count for the treated soil was compared with that of the control (untreated soil). Ultrasonicated microalgal extracts showed 66% to 100% inhibition on root-knot nematodes in the soil samples tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Haque
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahendra Thimmanagari
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 1 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Wai Chiang
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Liu Y, Hettinga K, Liu D, Zhang L, Zhou P. Current progress of emerging technologies in human and animals' milk processing: Retention of immune-active components and microbial safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4327-4353. [PMID: 36036722 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human milk and commercial dairy products play a vital role in humans, as they can provide almost all essential nutrients and immune-active components for the development of children. However, how to retain more native immune-active components of milk during processing remains a big question for the dairy industry. Nonthermal technologies for milk processing are gaining increasing interest in both academic and industrial fields, as it is known that thermal processing may negatively affect the quality of milk products. Thermosensitive components, such as lactoferrin, immunoglobulins (Igs), growth factors, and hormones, are highly important for the healthy development of newborns. In addition to product quality, thermal processing also causes environmental problems, such as high energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This review summarizes the recent advances of UV-C, ultrasonication (US), high-pressure processing (HPP), and other emerging technologies for milk processing from the perspective of immune-active components retention and microbial safety, focusing on human, bovine, goat, camel, sheep, and donkey milk. Also, the detailed application, including the instrumental design, technical parameters, and obtained results, are discussed. Finally, future prospects and current limitations of nonthermal techniques as applied in milk processing are discussed. This review thereby describes the current state-of-the-art in nonthermal milk processing techniques and will inspire the development of such techniques for in-practice applications in milk processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen, University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dasong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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8
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Sidoruk KV, Levitin EI, Sviridov BV, Piksasova OV, Shustikova TE. A Method of DNA Extraction from a Wide Range of Objects via Treatment with Ammonium Salts. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683821080056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Xu B, Azam SMR, Feng M, Wu B, Yan W, Zhou C, Ma H. Application of multi-frequency power ultrasound in selected food processing using large-scale reactors: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 81:105855. [PMID: 34871910 PMCID: PMC8649895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound as an eco-friendly green technology has been widely studied in food processing. Nevertheless, there is a lack of publications regarding the application of ultrasound in food processing using large-scale reactors. In this paper, the mechanisms and the devices of multi-frequency power ultrasound (MFPU) are described. Moreover, the MFPU applied in enzymolysis of protein, and washing of fruits and vegetables are reviewed. The application of MFPU can improve the enzymolysis of protein through modification on enzyme, modification on substrate materials, and facilitation of the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The ultrasound treatment can enhance the removal of microorganisms, and pesticides on the surface of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the reactors of ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis of protein, and washing of fruits and vegetables on the industrial scale are also detailed. This review paper also considers future trends, limitations, drawbacks, and developments of ultrasound application in enzymolysis and washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - S M Roknul Azam
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Min Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Bengang Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Weiqiang Yan
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Scudino H, Guimarães JT, Cabral L, Centurion VB, Gomes A, Orsi AS, Cunha RL, Sant’Ana AS, Cruz AG. Raw milk processing by high‐intensity ultrasound and conventional heat treatments: Microbial profile by amplicon sequencing and physical stability during storage. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Scudino
- Department of Food Technology Faculty of Veterinary Fluminense Federal University Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology Faculty of Veterinary Fluminense Federal University Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Lucélia Cabral
- Department of General and Applied Biology Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Rio Claro SP Brazil
| | - Victor Borin Centurion
- Microbial Resources Division (DRM), Research Center for Chemistry Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA) University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Andresa Gomes
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Arthur S Orsi
- Department of Food Technology Faculty of Veterinary Fluminense Federal University Niterói RJ Brazil
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Rosiane L Cunha
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant’Ana
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Faculty of Food Engineering University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
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Rajashri K, Rastogi NK, Negi PS. Non- thermal Processing of Tender Coconut Water - A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1847142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kulal Rajashri
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Navin Kumar Rastogi
- Department of Food Engineering, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Negi
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Technology, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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12
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Scudino H, Silva EK, Gomes A, Guimarães JT, Cunha RL, Sant'Ana AS, Meireles MAA, Cruz AG. Ultrasound stabilization of raw milk: Microbial and enzymatic inactivation, physicochemical properties and kinetic stability. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105185. [PMID: 32474185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non-thermal and thermal high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS) treatment on the microbial and enzymatic inactivation, physicochemical properties, and kinetic stability of the raw milk by applying different energy densities (1, 3, 5, and 7 kJ/mL). Two HIUS treatments were evaluated based on different nominal powers, named HIUS-A and HIUS-B, using 100 W and 475 W, respectively. HIUS-A treatment was non-thermal processing while HIUS-B was a thermal treatment only for the energy densities of 5 and 7 kJ/mL since the final temperature was above 70 °C. The HIUS-B treatment showed to be more efficient. Log reductions up to 3.9 cycles of aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria (AMHB) were achieved. Significant reductions of the fat globule size, with diameters lower than 1 µm, better color parameters, and kinetic stability during the storage were observed. Also, HIUS-B treatment inactivated the alkaline phosphatase and lactoperoxidase. The HIUS-B treatment at 3 kJ/mL worked below 57 °C being considered a border temperature since it did not cause unwanted physicochemical effects. Furthermore, a microbial inactivation of 1.8 ± 0.1 log cycles of AMHB was observed. A proper inactivation of only the Alkaline phosphatase and a significant reduction of the fat globules sizes, which kept the milk kinetically stable during storage was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Scudino
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eric Keven Silva
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andresa Gomes
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas T Guimarães
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosiane L Cunha
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M Angela A Meireles
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano G Cruz
- Department of Food, Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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13
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Pförringer D, Braun KF, Mühlhofer H, Schneider J, Stemberger A, Seifried E, Pohlscheidt E, Seidel M, Edenharter G, Duscher D, Burgkart R, Obermeier A. Novel method for reduction of virus load in blood plasma by sonication. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:12. [PMID: 32264953 PMCID: PMC7137245 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the present study is the evaluation of ultrasound as a physical method for virus inactivation in human plasma products prior to transfusion. Our study is focused on achieving a high level of virus inactivation simultaneously leaving blood products unaltered, measured by the level of degradation of coagulation factors, especially in third world countries where virus contamination of blood products poses a major problem. Virus inactivation plays an important role, especially in the light of newly discovered or unknown viruses, which cannot be safely excluded via prior testing. METHODS Taking into account the necessary protection of the relevant coagulation activity for plasma, the basis for a sterile virus inactivation under shielding gas insufflation was developed for future practical use. Influence of frequency and power density in the range of soft and hard cavitation on the inactivation of transfusion-relevant model viruses for Hepatitis-(BVDV = bovine diarrhea virus), for Herpes-(SFV = Semliki Forest virus, PRV = pseudorabies virus) and Parvovirus B19 (PPV = porcine parvovirus) were examined. Coagulation activity was examined via standard time parameters to minimize reduction of functionality of coagulation proteins. A fragmentation of coagulation proteins via ultrasound was ruled out via gel electrophoresis. The resulting virus titer was examined using end point titration. RESULTS Through CO2 shielding gas insufflation-to avoid radical emergence effects-the coagulation activity was less affected and the time window for virus inactivation substantially widened. In case of the non-lipidated model virus (AdV-luc = luciferase expressing adenoviral vector), the complete destruction of the virus capsid through hard cavitation was proven via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This can be traced back to microjets and shockwaves occurring in hard cavitation. The degree of inactivation seems to depend on size and compactness of the type of viruses. Using our pre-tested and subsequently chosen process parameters with the exception of the small PPV, all model viruses were successfully inactivated and reduced by up to log 3 factor. For a broad clinical usage, protection of the coagulation activities may require further optimization. CONCLUSIONS Building upon the information gained, an optimum inactivation can be reached via raising of power density up to 1200 W and simultaneous lowering of frequency down to 27 kHz. In addition, the combination of the two physical methods UV treatment and ultrasound may yield optimum results without the need of substance removal after the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pförringer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - K F Braun
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Unfallchirurgie, Zentrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie, Berlin, Germany
| | - H Mühlhofer
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - J Schneider
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - A Stemberger
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - E Seifried
- DRK-Blutspendedienst, Institut für Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie, Sandhofstrasse 1, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - E Pohlscheidt
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - M Seidel
- Institut für Wasserchemie & Chemische Balneologie, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie und Wasserchemie, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - G Edenharter
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Anästhesie, Munich, Germany
| | - D Duscher
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Plastische Chirurgie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - R Burgkart
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - A Obermeier
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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14
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Ma H, Bian Z, Wang S. Effects of Different Treatments on the Germination, Enzyme Activity, and Nutrient Content of Buckwheat. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Biological and Chemical Engineering Institute, Anhui Polytechnic University
| | - Zixiu Bian
- Biological and Chemical Engineering Institute, Anhui Polytechnic University
| | - Shunmin Wang
- Biological and Chemical Engineering Institute, Anhui Polytechnic University
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15
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Morales-de la Peña M, Welti-Chanes J, Martín-Belloso O. Novel technologies to improve food safety and quality. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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16
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Matafonova G, Batoev V. Review on low- and high-frequency sonolytic, sonophotolytic and sonophotochemical processes for inactivating pathogenic microorganisms in aqueous media. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 166:115085. [PMID: 31539667 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet and ultrasound-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are gaining considerable research attention for water treatment and disinfection. Compared to low-frequency ultrasound (LFUS, <100 kHz), high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS, >100 kHz and MHz range) for water disinfection remains much less investigated. The present review aims at surveying and discussing literature data on microbial inactivation in non-food aqueous media using HFUS alone and with AOPs. More specifically, the review covers sonophotolytic (US/UV) processes under sequential and simultaneous modes as well as sonophotochemical processes, where both low and high frequencies were applied. Addressing a state-of-the-art biomedical research, we have attempted to provide more insight into mechanical and sonochemical mechanisms of inactivation under ultrasonic exposure. Sonoporation, intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), energy stimulation of aquaporins to deliver ROS, and injection of extracellular ROS into sonoporated cells have all been identified as primary ways of inactivation. Application of ultrasound in the 0.2-2 MHz range and mercury-free light sources to support the Minamata Convention on Mercury is an ongoing challenge for effective elimination of microbial pathogens from water and wastewater through sonophotolytic and sonophotochemical AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Matafonova
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Batoev
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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17
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Wang J, Ma H, Wang S. Application of Ultrasound, Microwaves, and Magnetic Fields Techniques in the Germination of Cereals. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Wang
- Biological and Chemical Engineering Institute, Anhui Polytechnic University
| | - Hui Ma
- Biological and Chemical Engineering Institute, Anhui Polytechnic University
| | - Shunmin Wang
- Biological and Chemical Engineering Institute, Anhui Polytechnic University
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18
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Rao G, Ashraf U, Huang S, Cheng S, Abrar M, Mo Z, Pan S, Tang X. Ultrasonic seed treatment improved physiological and yield traits of rice under lead toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33637-33644. [PMID: 30276683 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic metal that damages normal plant metabolism and often results in reduced crop growth and yield. To measure whether or not ultrasonic seed (US) treatment alleviates Pb stress in rice, the seeds of two rice cultivars, i.e., Guangyan1 and Huahang31, were exposed to 30 min of ultrasonic vibration and then the seedlings were transplanted to Pb-contaminated soil. Results revealed that the Pb contents in roots, stems, leaves, panicles (at heading), and brown rice (at maturity) were lower in US treatment than control (CK; without US treatment); the trend for accumulation of Pb in different plant parts was recorded as: root ˃ stems ˃ leaves ˃ panicles ˃ brown rice in both rice cultivars. Overall, the Pb contents in the brown rice of Huahang31 were higher than those in Guangyan1. Moreover, the contents of proline and soluble protein as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were significantly higher while the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly reduced in US treatment compared to CK. The effective panicle number, seed set percentage, grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were increased by 8.9%, 5.3%, 6.8%, 4.4%, and 26.6% in Guangyan1 and 3.2%, 5.7%, 5.7%, 5.0%, and 24.2% in Huahang31, respectively in US treatment compared to CK. Hence, seed treatment with ultrasonic waves could improve rice performance and reduce brown rice Pb accumulation under Pb-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangshun Rao
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- University of Education, Faisalabad-Campus, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Suihua Huang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Siren Cheng
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Abrar
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agroecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhaowen Mo
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenggang Pan
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangru Tang
- Department of Crop Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
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Landry TG, Bance ML, Adamson RB, Brown JA. No effect of prolonged pulsed high frequency ultrasound imaging of the basilar membrane on cochlear function or hair cell survival found in an initial study. Hear Res 2018; 363:28-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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20
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Branch DW, Vreeland EC, McClain JL, Murton JK, James CD, Achyuthan KE. Rapid Nucleic Acid Extraction and Purification Using a Miniature Ultrasonic Technique. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:mi8070228. [PMID: 30400419 PMCID: PMC6190382 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Miniature ultrasonic lysis for biological sample preparation is a promising technique for efficient and rapid extraction of nucleic acids and proteins from a wide variety of biological sources. Acoustic methods achieve rapid, unbiased, and efficacious disruption of cellular membranes while avoiding the use of harsh chemicals and enzymes, which interfere with detection assays. In this work, a miniature acoustic nucleic acid extraction system is presented. Using a miniature bulk acoustic wave (BAW) transducer array based on 36° Y-cut lithium niobate, acoustic waves were coupled into disposable laminate-based microfluidic cartridges. To verify the lysing effectiveness, the amount of liberated ATP and the cell viability were measured and compared to untreated samples. The relationship between input power, energy dose, flow-rate, and lysing efficiency were determined. DNA was purified on-chip using three approaches implemented in the cartridges: a silica-based sol-gel silica-bead filled microchannel, nucleic acid binding magnetic beads, and Nafion-coated electrodes. Using E. coli, the lysing dose defined as ATP released per joule was 2.2× greater, releasing 6.1× more ATP for the miniature BAW array compared to a bench-top acoustic lysis system. An electric field-based nucleic acid purification approach using Nafion films yielded an extraction efficiency of 69.2% in 10 min for 50 µL samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren W Branch
- Nano and Micro Sensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | | | - Jamie L McClain
- MEMS Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Jaclyn K Murton
- Bioenergy and Defense Technologies Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Conrad D James
- Physics Based Microsystems Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
| | - Komandoor E Achyuthan
- Nano and Micro Sensors Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA.
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21
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Leong T, Juliano P, Knoerzer K. Advances in Ultrasonic and Megasonic Processing of Foods. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-017-9167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Cotillas S, Llanos J, Castro-Ríos K, Taborda-Ocampo G, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Synergistic integration of sonochemical and electrochemical disinfection with DSA anodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 163:562-568. [PMID: 27570213 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the disinfection actual urban wastewater by the combination of ultrasound (US) irradiation and electrodisinfection with Dimensionally Stable Anodes (DSA). First, the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) during the sonochemical disinfection was studied at increasing ultrasound power. Results showed that it was not possible to achieve a complete disinfection, even at the highest US power (200 W) dosed by the experimental device used. Next, the electrodisinfection with DSA anodes at different current densities was studied, finding that it was necessary a minimum current density of 11.46 A m(-2) to reach the complete disinfection. Finally, an integrated sonoelectrodisinfection process was studied. Results showed a synergistic effect when coupling US irradiation with DSA electrodisinfection, with a synergy coefficient higher than 200% of the disinfection rate attained for the highest US power applied. In this process, hypochlorite and chloramines were identified as the main reagents for the disinfection process (neither chlorate nor perchlorate were detected), and the presence of trihalomethanes was far below acceptable values. Confirming this synergistic effect with DSA anodes opens the door to novel efficient disinfection processes, limiting the occurrence of hazardous disinfection by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cotillas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Katherin Castro-Ríos
- Chemical Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Caldas, A.A. 265 Manizales, Colombia
| | - Gonzalo Taborda-Ocampo
- Chemical Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Caldas, A.A. 265 Manizales, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Abstract
Nowadays, researchers are interested in minimal food processing techniques because of the increasing fresh or fresh-like food preferences of the consumers. Ultrasound is an acoustic energy but, its effect is a result of physical energy which is generated by the kinetic energy of the molecules in the applied medium. Its powerful effect, drawn the interest of the scientists to investigate on its applications in many areas.
In food science, ultrasound has a wide range of applications. Microbial inactivation, drying, filtration, extraction, homogenization, cutting, emulsifying, cleaning, degassing and inactivation of enzymes are some of the examples of efficient ultrasound applications. The two important well-known benefits of using ultrasound are the reduction of the process duration and process cost. In this review, some ultrasound applications will be discussed in food science and technology.
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24
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Afari GK, Hung YC, King CH, Hu A. Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT 104 on fresh produce using an automated washer with near neutral electrolyzed (NEO) water and ultrasound. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Bouakaz A, Zeghimi A, Doinikov AA. Sonoporation: Concept and Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:175-89. [PMID: 26486338 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Contrast agents for ultrasound are now routinely used for diagnosis and imaging. In recent years, new promising possibilities for targeted drug delivery have been proposed that can be realized by using the microbubble composing ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs). The microbubbles can carry drugs and selectively adhere to specific sites in the human body. This capability, in combination with the effect known as sonoporation, provides great possibilities for localized drug delivery. Sonoporation is a process in which ultrasonically activated UCAs, pulsating nearby biological barriers (cell membrane or endothelial layer), increase their permeability and thereby enhance the extravasation of external substances. In this way drugs and genes can be delivered inside individual cells without serious consequences for the cell viability. Sonoporation has been validated both in-vitro using cell cultures and in-vivo in preclinical studies. However, today, the mechanisms by which molecules cross the biological barriers remain unrevealed despite a number of proposed theories. This chapter will provide a survey of the current studies on various hypotheses regarding the routes by which drugs are incorporated into cells or across the endothelial layer and possible associated microbubble acoustic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayache Bouakaz
- Inserm Imaging and Ultrasound, INSERM U930, Imagerie et Cerveau, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Aya Zeghimi
- Inserm Imaging and Ultrasound, INSERM U930, Imagerie et Cerveau, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Alexander A Doinikov
- Inserm Imaging and Ultrasound, INSERM U930, Imagerie et Cerveau, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
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26
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Greenly JM, Tester JW. Ultrasonic cavitation for disruption of microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 184:276-279. [PMID: 25435064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Challenges with mid-stream fractionation steps in proposed microalgae biofuel pathways arise from the typically dilute cell density in growth media, micron scale cell sizes, and often durable cell walls. For microalgae to be a sustainable source of biofuels and co-products, efficient fractionation by some method will be necessary. This study evaluates ultrasonic cell disruption as a processing step that fractionates microalgae. A range of species types with different sizes and cell wall compositions were treated. The initial seconds of sonication offered the most significant disruption, even for the more durable Nannochloropsis cells. Following this initial period, diminishing effectiveness was attributed, by acoustic measurements, to attenuation of the ultrasound in the ensuing cloud of cavitating bubbles. At longer exposure times, differences between species were more pronounced. Processing higher concentrations of Isochrysis slowed cell disintegration only marginally, making the expenditure of energy more worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Greenly
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell Energy Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
| | - Jefferson W Tester
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell Energy Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
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27
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Ultrasonic disruption of yeast cells: Underlying mechanism and effects of processing parameters. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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Zijlstra A, Fernandez Rivas D, Gardeniers HJGE, Versluis M, Lohse D. Enhancing acoustic cavitation using artificial crevice bubbles. ULTRASONICS 2015; 56:512-523. [PMID: 25455191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the response of pre-defined cavitation nuclei driven continuously in the kHz regime (80, 100 and 200 kHz). The nuclei consist of stabilized gaspockets in cylindrical pits of 30 μm diameter etched in silicon or glass substrates. It is found that above an acoustic pressure threshold the dynamics of the liquid-gas meniscus switches from a stable drum-like vibration to expansion and deformation, frequently resulting in detachment of microbubbles. Just above this threshold small bubbles are continuously and intermittently ejected. At elevated input powers bubble detachment becomes more frequent and cavitation bubble clouds are formed and remain in the vicinity of the pit bubble. Surprisingly, the resulting loss of gas does not lead to deactivation of the pit which can be explained by a rectified gas diffusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaldert Zijlstra
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - David Fernandez Rivas
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Han J G E Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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29
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Llanos J, Cotillas S, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Conductive diamond sono-electrochemical disinfection (CDSED) for municipal wastewater reclamation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 22:493-8. [PMID: 24882590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the disinfection of actual effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by a conductive diamond sono-electrochemical process was assessed. First, efficiency of single electrodisinfection process with diamond anodes (without the contribution of ultrasounds) was studied, finding that the total disinfection can be attained at current charges applied below 0.02kAhm(-3). It was also found that the main disinfection mechanism is the attack of Escherichia coli (E. coli) by the disinfectants produced in the electrochemical cell and that the production of chlorates is avoided when working at current densities not higher than 1.27Am(-2). Next, a marked synergistic effect was found when coupling ultrasound (US) irradiation to the electrochemical system (sono-electrochemical disinfection). This increase in the disinfection rate was found to be related to the suppression of the agglomeration of E. coli cells and the enhancement in the production of disinfectant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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30
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Chandrapala J, Leong T. Ultrasonic Processing for Dairy Applications: Recent Advances. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-014-9105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Chen Y, Lee S. Manipulation of Biological Objects Using Acoustic Bubbles: A Review. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:959-68. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Park SY, Song HH, Ha SD. Synergistic Effects of NaOCl and Ultrasound Combination on the Reduction of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in Raw Laver. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:373-8. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2013.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Kyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ha Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Kyunggido, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- School of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Kyunggido, Republic of Korea
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34
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Gholami M, Mirzaei R, Mohammadi R, Zarghampour Z, Afshari A. Destruction of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis using Low Frequency Ultrasound Technology: A Response Surface Methodology. HEALTH SCOPE 2014. [DOI: 10.17795/jhealthscope-14213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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35
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Chen G, Chen R, Zou C, Yang D, Chen ZS. Fragmented polymer nanotubes from sonication-induced scission with a thermo-responsive gating system for anti-cancer drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:1327-1334. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fragmented polymer nanotubes with a thermo-responsive gating system were prepared by a 2-fold “grafting-from” strategy and sonication-induced scission for efficient drug delivery. In vitro thermo-responsive DOX drug release and chemotoxicity were testified with such nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Chen
- Chemistry Department
- St. John's University
- Queens, USA
| | - Ruoyao Chen
- Biology Department
- St. John's University
- Queens, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zou
- Chemistry Department
- St. John's University
- Queens, USA
| | - Danwen Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
- St. John's University
- Queens, USA
- Laboratory of Dermatology
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
- St. John's University
- Queens, USA
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36
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Bahnemann J, Kayo S, Wahrheit J, Heinzle E, Pörtner R, Zeng AP. In search of an effective cell disruption method to isolate intact mitochondria from Chinese hamster ovary cells. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Bahnemann
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Sabrina Kayo
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
| | - Judith Wahrheit
- Biochemical Engineering Institute; Saarland University; Saarland Germany
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- Biochemical Engineering Institute; Saarland University; Saarland Germany
| | - Ralf Pörtner
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
| | - An-Ping Zeng
- Institute of Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering; Hamburg University of Technology; Hamburg Germany
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Chen YP, Liu Q, Yue XZ, Meng ZW, Liang J. Ultrasonic vibration seeds showed improved resistance to cadmium and lead in wheat seedling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:4807-4816. [PMID: 23296973 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals have long-term adverse impacts on the health of soil ecosystems and even exhibit hazardous influences on human health. Literatures have shown that heavy metals could result in the reduction of crops growth and development and finally result in crops production decline. To determine whether or not ultrasonic vibration alleviate damage induced by cadmium and lead in crops, the wheat seeds, which is one of the most important agriculture crops in China and other countries in the world, were exposed to 10 min ultrasonic vibration and then the toxicological effects were investigated. Wheat seeds were soaked for 3 h with water and then the seeds were placed in clean beaker with some water, the beaker were placed in ultrasonic apparatus to vibrate (model, KQ-200VDV; frequency, 45 KHz; power, 160 W). Pretreatment seeds of 80 were sown in dishes (Ø 15 cm). After seeds emergence, the seedlings were thinned to 60 per dish. The dishes with seedlings were placed in a growth chamber maintained at 25 °C, 70% relative humidity and 380 μmol mol(-1) CO2 under dark condition. A 400 μmol m(-2) s(-1) photosynthetically active radiation was provided for 8 h (dark for 16 h) after the seed germination. When the seedlings were 2 days old, the seedlings were subjected to cadmium and lead for 4 days and then some selective biochemical and physiological parameters were measured. (1) Although each doses of ultrasonic vibration could improve seed germination, enhance biosynthesis of protein and chlorophyll and seedlings growth, the optimum dosage of ultrasonic vibration was 10 min. (2) Compared with the controls, cadmium and lead stress led to significant increase in the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and O(-2) and in the conductivity of electrolyte leakage, but the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), the glutathione concentration, and the shoot weight were decreased by Cd and Pb stress. In the case of the seeds exposed to ultrasonic vibration and the seedlings followed by cadmium lead stress, the concentrations of MDA and O(-2), and the conductivity of electrolyte leakage were significantly lower than those in cadmium and lead stress; the activities of CAT, SOD, and GR and the shoot weight were significantly higher (except for glutathione (GSH) concentration) than those in cadmium and lead stress seedlings. The membrane is responsible for the selective inflow and outflow of molecules, ions, and water, and is a dynamic structure that performs a variety of functions. Cellular membrane systems play an important role in the compartmentalization of cells and maintaining intercellular homeostasis. Abiotic and biotic stress can induce functional impairments to the cellular membrane systems through triggering an increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2 (-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. There are several pathways that can be utilized to eliminate ROS in plants, e.g., CAT, SOD, and GR and GSH, etc. compared with controls, cadmium, and lead enhanced the concentrations of ROS; decreased the SOD, CAT, and GR activities; the GSH concentration, and the seedling growth. In the case of ultrasonic pretreatment followed by cadmium and lead stresses, the activities of CAT, SOD, and GR were significant higher, and the conductivity of electrolyte leakage and the concentrations of MDA and O2 (-) were significant lower than that of those subjected by cadmium and lead stress. This phenomenon demonstrated ultrasonic pretreatment can help plant eliminate the ROS by enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggested that ultrasonic vibration can alleviate the toxicological effect induced by heavy mental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-ping Chen
- SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Science, No. 10, Feng-Hui Road, Xi'an 710075, China.
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Hashmi A, Yu G, Reilly-Collette M, Heiman G, Xu J. Oscillating bubbles: a versatile tool for lab on a chip applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4216-27. [PMID: 22864283 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40424a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With the fast development of acoustic and multiphase microfluidics in recent years, oscillating bubbles have drawn more-and-more attention due to their great potential in various Lab on a Chip (LOC) applications. Many innovative bubble-based devices have been explored in the past decade. In this article, we first briefly summarize current understanding of the physics of oscillating bubbles, and then critically summarize recent advancements, including some of our original work, on the applications of oscillating bubbles in microfluidic devices. We intend to highlight the advantages of using oscillating bubbles along with the challenges that accompany them. We believe that these emerging studies on microfluidic oscillating bubbles will be revolutionary to the development of next-generation LOC technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hashmi
- Mechanical Engineering, Washington State University, Vancouver, USA
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Schössler K, Thomas T, Knorr D. Modification of cell structure and mass transfer in potato tissue by contact ultrasound. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhou B, Feng H, Pearlstein AJ. Continuous-flow ultrasonic washing system for fresh produce surface decontamination. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ávila-Orta C, Espinoza-González C, Martínez-Colunga G, Bueno-Baqués D, Maffezzoli A, Lionetto F. An Overview of Progress and Current Challenges in Ultrasonic Treatment of Polymer Melts. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chandrapala J, Oliver C, Kentish S, Ashokkumar M. Ultrasonics in food processing – Food quality assurance and food safety. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Comparative real-time analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell viability, injury and death induced by ultrasound (20kHz) and heat for the application of hurdle technology. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wiklund M. Acoustofluidics 12: Biocompatibility and cell viability in microfluidic acoustic resonators. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:2018-28. [PMID: 22562376 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of biological cells by acoustic radiation forces is often motivated by its improved biocompatibility relative to alternative available methods. On the other hand, it is well known that acoustic exposure is capable of causing damage to tissue or cells, primarily due to heating or cavitation effects. Therefore, it is important to define safety guidelines for the design and operation of the utilized devices. This tutorial discusses the biocompatibility of devices designed for acoustic manipulation of mammalian cells, and different methods for quantifying the cell viability in such devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Tandiono T, Ow DSW, Driessen L, Chin CSH, Klaseboer E, Choo ABH, Ohl SW, Ohl CD. Sonolysis of Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris in microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:780-6. [PMID: 22183135 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc20861j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on an efficient ultrasound based technique for lysing Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris with oscillating cavitation bubbles in an integrated microfluidic system. The system consists of a meandering microfluidic channel and four piezoelectric transducers mounted on a glass substrate, with the ultrasound exposure and gas pressure regulated by an automatic control system. Controlled lysis of bacterial and yeast cells expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP) is studied with high-speed photography and fluorescence microscopy, and quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and fluorescence intensity. The effectiveness of cell lysis correlates with the duration of ultrasound exposure. Complete lysis can be achieved within one second of ultrasound exposure with a temperature increase of less than 3.3 °C. The rod-shaped E. coli bacteria are disrupted into small fragments in less than 0.4 seconds, while the more robust elliptical P. pastoris yeast cells require around 1.0 second for complete lysis. Fluorescence intensity measurements and qRT-PCR analysis show that functionality of GFP and genomic DNA for downstream analytical assays is maintained.
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Knorr D, Froehling A, Jaeger H, Reineke K, Schlueter O, Schoessler K. Emerging technologies in food processing. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012; 2:203-35. [PMID: 22129381 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.food.102308.124129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP), pulsed electric fields (PEFs), ultrasound (US), and cold plasma (CP) are emerging technologies that have already found application in the food industry or related sectors. This review aims to describe the basic principles of these nonthermal technologies as well as the state of the art concerning their impact on biological cells, enzymes, and food constituents. Current and potential applications will be discussed, focusing on process-structure-function relationships, as well as recent advances in the process development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Knorr
- Berlin University of Technology, Department of Food Biotechnology and Food Process Engineering, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Kwak TY, Kim NH, Rhee MS. Response surface methodology-based optimization of decontamination conditions for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium on fresh-cut celery using thermoultrasound and calcium propionate. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 150:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Marx G, Moody A, Bermúdez-Aguirre D. A comparative study on the structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under nonthermal technologies: high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields and thermo-sonication. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 151:327-37. [PMID: 22015244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonthermal technologies are becoming more popular in food processing; however, little detailed research has been conducted on the study of the lethal effect of these technologies on certain microorganisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast related to spoilage of fruit products such as juices; novel technologies have been explored to inactivate this yeast. Three nonthermal technologies, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), pulsed electric fields (PEF) and thermo-sonication (TS), were used to evaluate and to compare the structural damage of yeast cells after processing. Processing conditions were chosen based on previous experiments to ensure the death of cells; HHP was conducted at 600 MPa for 7 min (room temperature, 21 °C); for PEF, 30.76 kV/cm at 40 °C and 21 pulses (2 μs each), and finally for TS the conditions were 120 μm, 60 °C and 30 min in continuous and pulsed modes; all treatments were applied in apple juice. Cells were prepared for electron microscopy using an innovative and short microwave assisted dehydration technique. Scanning electron microscopy showed the degree of damage to the cells after processing and illustrated the important and particular characteristics of each technology. Cells treated with high hydrostatic pressure showed a total disruption of the cell membrane, perforation, and release of the cell wall; scars were also observed on the surface of the pressurized cells. PEF treated cells showed less superficial damage, with the main changes being the deformation of the cells, apparent fusion of cells, the formation of pores, and the breakdown of the cell wall in some cells. Finally, the thermo-sonicated cells showed a similar degree of cellular damage to their structure regardless of whether the TS was applied continuously or pulsed. The main characteristics of cellular death for this technology were the erosion and disruption of the cellular membrane, formation of orifices on the surface, lysis of cells causing the release of intracellular contents, roughness of the cell membrane, and displacement of cell debris to the surface of other cells. This study confirms some theories about cell inactivation and presents new and detailed results about nonthermal technologies, but also shows that after using the above mentioned conditions, recovery of cells, specifically those that are pressurized and thermo-sonicated, it is not possible to do it following the high extent of damage observed in the entire population. Furthermore, a faster methodology that was used in sample preparation for electron microscopy provided high quality resolution images, allowing closer study of the detail of structural lethal effects on treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Marx
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
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