1
|
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Latner
- University Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moriyama T, Tamura S, Nakano K, Otsuka K, Shigemura M, Honma N. Laboratory and clinical features of abnormal macroenzymes found in human sera. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:658-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
3
|
Martin JE, Petras ML. Two erythrocytic lactate dehydrogenase variants in the house mouse, Mus musculus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1971.tb01225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
4
|
Navarro D, Zwingmann C, Hazell AS, Butterworth RF. Brain lactate synthesis in thiamine deficiency: A re-evaluation using1H-13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Neurosci Res 2004; 79:33-41. [PMID: 15573405 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Region-selective accumulation of brain lactate occurs in TD; however, the mechanisms responsible have not been elucidated fully. (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were therefore used to investigate de novo lactate synthesis from [1-(13)C]glucose in vulnerable (medial thalamus) and nonvulnerable (frontal cortex) brain regions of rats made thiamine deficient by administration of the central thiamine antagonist pyrithiamine. De novo synthesis of lactate was increased in the medial thalamus to 148% and 226% of pair-fed control values at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of thiamine deficiency, respectively, whereas no such changes were observed in the frontal cortex. Administration of a glucose load selectively worsened the changes in medial thalamus. Pyruvate recycling and peripherally derived lactate did not contribute significantly to the lactate increase within the thiamine-deficient brain. Increases in immunolabeling of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes (LDH1 and LDH5) were observed in the medial thalamus of thiamine-deficient animals. Metabolic impairment due to thiamine deficiency thus results in increased glycolysis, increased LDH immunolabeling of neurons and astrocytes and increased de novo synthesis of lactate in brain regions vulnerable to thiamine deficiency. These results are consistent with the notion that focal lactate accumulation participates in the worsening of neurologic symptoms in thiamine-deficient patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren Navarro
- Neuroscience Research Unit, CHUM (Campus Saint-Luc), University of Montreal, 1058 Saint-Denis Street, Montreal, Province of Quebec H2X 3J4, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
MUNKRES KD, RICHARDS FM. THE PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF NEUROSPORA MALATE DEHYDROGENASE. Arch Biochem Biophys 1996; 109:466-79. [PMID: 14320488 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(65)90391-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
The analytical procedures for LD isoenzymes include electrophoresis, chromatography, immunochemical and kinetic methods. Electrophoretic methods are generally preferred because the resulting patterns are directly observable and all five isoenzymes are resolved in a single procedure. Chromatographic methods, with the introduction of HPLC, have recently been perfected in terms of speed, resolution, precision and accuracy. Immunochemical methods and kinetic methods are attractive because of their speed and simplicity. Therefore, the latter methods are used mainly for assaying acute myocardial infarction, where generally the determination of LD-1 and LD-2 is sufficient. In all other instances, however, electrophoretic separation is currently preferred. Ion-exchange high-performance procedures are useful prospects, particularly in view of their velocity in comparison with electrophoresis. In general, the LD isoenzymes assay contributes considerably to diagnosis, but the results must be used with an adequate knowledge of biochemistry, physiology and the advantages and drawbacks of the different assay methods used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Small but persistent amounts of L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were found in mitochondrial preparations isolated from rat heart, kidney, liver, and lymphocytes. Brain mitochondrial preparations were also isolated, but the results were inconclusive. A variety of cytosolic markers were used and it was found that essentially no cytosolic contamination was present except in brain preparations. A bacterial protease was used along with digitonin fractionation to determine localization of the mitochondrial LDH. Approximately 80% of the LDH activity associated with heart and kidney mitochondrial preparations was on the inside compared to about 40% for liver. Lymphocyte mitochondrial LDH activity was about 70% on the inside. Cytosolic LDH-5 preferentially adheres to outer mitochondrial membrane of liver, kidney, and heart. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed LDH isozymes in mitochondria qualitatively similar to that of the corresponding cytosol except in kidney mitochondrial preparations, where a specific electrophoretic band was found which did not correspond to any of the common LDH isozymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Brandt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tzvetkov D, Martinova J, Usunova J, Dimitrov S. Electron microscopic and enzyme investigations of the testicular tissue in infertile males. Int Urol Nephrol 1986; 18:315-20. [PMID: 3771132 DOI: 10.1007/bf02082720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructural characteristics of the testicular tissue in male infertility and the isoenzyme spectrum of some enzymes in sperm cells have been studied. The testicular material was taken by Vilar's method from three healthy males with normospermia and eleven males with hypogonadism, azoospermia and infertility. The material was treated by the routine methods for electron investigation and the observations were done with an electron microscope Opton EM 109. Horizontal electrophoresis of the testicular homogenate was done according to Nance. Malate dehydrogenetic activity (MDX) was rendered according to the method of Shaw and Prasad, and diaphoresis (DP) was carried out according to Brewer. It was found that spermatogenesis was interrupted at the pachytene stage at an ultrastructural level. Biochemical investigations showed that in the infertile testis two other atypical fractions appeared on diaphoresis, while at the malate dehydrogenase, a second fraction had considerably lower intensity as compared to the controls. It is pointed out that some profound disorders developing in the infertile testis affect mainly the germinal cells, which was proved at the ultrastructural level and also by the analysis of the isoenzymes MDH and DF key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism.
Collapse
|
9
|
Melnick DJ, Jolly CJ, Kidd KK. The genetics of a wild population of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). I. Genetic variability within and between social groups. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330630402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
10
|
Singh SM, Wang CH, Phillips A. Dystrophic mutation (dy2J) affecting regulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and pyruvate kinase (PK) in C57BL/6J mice. EXPERIENTIA 1982; 38:1487-9. [PMID: 7151975 DOI: 10.1007/bf01955786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The genotype difference (dystrophic vs nondystrophic) in the LDH isozymes is observed in kidney. These differences are evident only at birth and at early developmental stages (before the expression of dystrophic symptoms). The tissue specific genotype differences for PK are limited to the thigh muscle (M form) and heart (L form), after the onset of the condition. These differences may reflect the pleiotropic effect of the dy2J locus during the temporal regulation of these and other enzymes implicated in muscular dystrophy (MD).
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The electrophoretic variant of human LDH, Calcutta-1, occurs at phenotypic frequencies of 0-4% throughout India. The variant was examined by various electrophoretic techniques and by heat stability studies. The LD1 (B4) isoenzyme was purified from normal and variant bloods by affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. A minimum of five Calcutta-1 LD1 bands was demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. Electrophoresis of variant LD1 in high-molar urea-acrylamide denaturing gels resulted in two Calcutta-1 B subunit bands, while normal gels yielded only a single band. Homozygote Calcutta-1 LDH from red cells demonstrated a decreased heat stability, while heterozygote variant LDH showed a normal heat stability. This effect was confirmed when purified LD1's were compared. Evidence is presented suggesting a B-subunit variant showing thermolability in the homozygous form.
Collapse
|
12
|
Turner TR. Blood protein variation in a population of Ethiopian vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1981; 55:255-32. [PMID: 7258346 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330550211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Seven small groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops), totaling 124 individuals, from Awash National Park, Ethiopia, were trapped and blood samples were obtained. Twenty-three loci were examined by starch gel electrophoresis and four loci, Tf, E, ADA, and PMG2 were found to be polymorphic. The average heterozygosity (H) of the population was calculated to be 5.6%. No significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportions occurred and a chi-square test for group homogeneity was also not significant. Average Fst for all polymorphic loci was calculated to be 0.062. This suggests that the entire group functions as a single Mendelian population.
Collapse
|
13
|
Edwards YH, Hopkinson DA, Harris H. Dissociation of 'hybrid' isozymes on electrophoresis. Nature 1978; 271:84-7. [PMID: 564457 DOI: 10.1038/271084a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Brahma SK, van der Saag PT. Ontogeny of LDH-isozymes in Mexican Axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum by thin-layer isoelectric focusing. Differentiation 1976; 6:187-90. [PMID: 992242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.1976.tb01485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ontogeny of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes in developing Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum was investigated by thin-layer isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. The isoelectric points (pI values) of the isozymes were determined. The minor components generally remained masked during conventional electrophoresis, but became sharp as isofocusing progressed. We identified in developing eggs and embryos five major LDH isozymes, which could also be traced in the ovarian eggs. All these isozymes, except LDH-1, consisted of one major and one minor component. Heterogeneity in axolotl LDH is reported for the first time. The separated isozymes had pI values from 5.24-6.60. Contrary to observations made by others, it was found that the anodal forms of LDH (PIs 5.24-5.80) were prominent throughout, while the remainder (pIs 6.16-6.60) gradually lost their stainability. It thus appears that isoelectric focusing is a possible method for the analysis of protein mixtures and can be successfully applied to problems of differentiation.
Collapse
|
16
|
Barranger JA. The implications of multiple forms of phenylalanine hydroxylase in phenylketonuria and related diseases of phenylalanine metabolism. BIOCHEMICAL MEDICINE 1976; 15:55-86. [PMID: 782454 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2944(76)90074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
17
|
Rogers PA, Fisher RA, Harris H. An electrophoretic study of the distribution and properties of human hexokinases. Biochem Genet 1975; 13:857-66. [PMID: 1239274 DOI: 10.1007/bf00484416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
An electrophoretic system which gives a clear separation of human hexokinases HK1, HK2 and HK3 is described. The distribution of the hexokinase isozymes in various human tissues, both adult and fetal, is reported. Some properties of the isozymes were investigated. HK2 was found to be more thermolabile than HK1, and there was also a small but significant difference in molecular size. Unlike HK3, HK1 and HK2 are not inhibited by high glucose concentrations. Screening of red cell lysates from 800 unrelated European individuals revealed no genetic variants of HK1 and HK2. However, in view of their difference in properties, it seems probable that the HK1 and HK2 isozymes are determined by separate gene loci.
Collapse
|
18
|
Poznakhirkina NA, Serov OL, Korochkin LI. A study of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes in rat ova. Biochem Genet 1975; 13:65-72. [PMID: 806287 DOI: 10.1007/bf00486007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The presence of subunits A and B has been demonstrated in mature rat ova by several means, including the immunohistochemical method of Coons, use of antisera against LDH-I (B4) and LDH-5 (A4) isozymes, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hopkinson DA, Coppock JS, Mühlemann MF, Edwards YH. The detection and differentiation of the products of the human carbonic anhydrase loci, CAI and CAII using fluorogenic substrates. Ann Hum Genet 1974; 38:155-62. [PMID: 4219722 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1974.tb01946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
20
|
Narang S. Lactate dehydrogenase of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) (Mollusca: Pulmonata) I. Physico-chemical characterization of lactate dehydrogenase of various tissues. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 47:641-55. [PMID: 4375551 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(74)90012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
21
|
Masters CJ, Holmes RS. Isoenzymes, multiple enzyme forms, and phylogeny. ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 5:109-95. [PMID: 4214164 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-011505-1.50009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
22
|
Wright DA, Moyer FH. Immunochemistry of frog lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the subunit homologies of amphibian LDH isozymes. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 44:1011-6. [PMID: 4541390 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(73)90253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Abstract
Two genetic sources of variation influence the percentage of sickle cell hemoglobin found in heterozygotes. One factor is strongly related to the percentage of hemoglobin S in the carrier parent and appears to be determined by sickle hemoglobin isoalleles, whereas the other is related to racial background and may well be polygenic.
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Ruddle FH, Chapman VM, Chen TR, Klebe RJ. Genetic analysis with man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. Linkage between human lactate dehydrogenase A and B and peptidase B. Nature 1970; 227:251-7. [PMID: 5428191 DOI: 10.1038/227251a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
27
|
Hopkinson DA, Corney G, Cook PJ, Robson EB, Harris H. Genetically determined electrophoretic variants of human red cell NADH diaphorase. Ann Hum Genet 1970; 34:1-10. [PMID: 5476661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1970.tb00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
28
|
Biewenga J, Thijs LG. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme(s) linked to IgA immunoglobulin in a patient with a myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta 1970; 27:293-9. [PMID: 4190479 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(70)90347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
29
|
Baustad B, Tollersrud S. Isoenzymes of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Swine Stability During Storage at Different Temperatures and By Heat Treatment. Acta Vet Scand 1969. [DOI: 10.1186/bf03548270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
30
|
Latner AL, Longstaff E. Modification by crude histones of gene activity for lactate dehydrogenase. Nature 1969; 224:71-3. [PMID: 5822909 DOI: 10.1038/224071a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
31
|
Cattanach BM, Perez JN. A genetically determined variant of the A-subunit of lactic dehydrogenase in the deer mouse. Biochem Genet 1969; 3:499-506. [PMID: 5358142 DOI: 10.1007/bf00485610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
32
|
Dong Hwa Park, Gubler CJ. Studies on the physiological functions of thiamine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(69)90316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
33
|
Abstract
Synthesis of lactate dehydrogenase in somatic and gametic tissues of certain avian and mammalian species is controlled by alleles at three loci, A, B, and C. We report breeding experiments with pigeons that conclusively demonstrate linkage between the B and C structural loci in this species. The most probable recombination fraction is zero, and contiguity is not excluded. The upper 95 percent probability limit is 4.5 percent. This tight linkage of two loci that produce closely similar polypeptides suggests that the loci acquired their separate identities through a duplication event. Further-more, the existence of recognizable B- and C-type polypeptides in both the bird and the mammal suggests that the event and the resulting linkage preceded the separation of these fauna. If so, then the linkage has persisted for a very long time.
Collapse
|
34
|
Boone CM, Ruddle FH. Interspecific hybridization between human and mouse somatic cells: enzyme and linkage studies. Biochem Genet 1969; 3:119-36. [PMID: 5364921 DOI: 10.1007/bf00520348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
35
|
Jacobson KB, Murphy JB, Dunaway PB. Phylogenetic relationships of rodents on the basis of isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1969; 28:1135-44. [PMID: 5786819 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(69)90553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
36
|
|
37
|
Stagg BH, Whyley GA. Some characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in tumours of the female genital tract. Clin Chim Acta 1968; 22:521-33. [PMID: 5722337 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(68)90100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
38
|
Cohen L, Djordjevich J. Human serum α-1-lipoprotein patterns revealed by starch gel electrophoresis. Lipids 1968; 3:420-4. [PMID: 17805821 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/1968] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of different serum alpha-1-lipoproteins patterns was made possible by improved lipoprotein staining and separation methods. Three common and some less common patterns were found. The common alpha-1-lipoprotein patterns, here called S, M and F, were found to differ in their relative frequency in men and women, and to be associated with significantly different serum alpha-1-lipoprotein concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zinkham WH. Lactate dehydrogenase isozymes of testis and sperm: biological and biochemical properties and genetic control. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1968; 151:598-610. [PMID: 5251885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
40
|
|
41
|
|
42
|
Grell EH, Jacobson KB, Murphy JB. Alterations of genetics material for analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes of Drosophila melanogaster. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1968; 151:441-55. [PMID: 5251878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
43
|
|
44
|
Spikes JL, Cohen L, Djordjevich J. The identification of a myeloma serum factor which alters serum beta lipoproteins. Clin Chim Acta 1968; 20:413-21. [PMID: 5654649 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(68)90298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
45
|
Massaro EJ, Markert CL. Isozyme patterns of salmoid fishes: evidence for multiple cistrons for lactate dehydrogenase polypeptides. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1968; 168:223-38. [PMID: 5692697 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401680210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
46
|
Goldberg E, Hawtrey C. The effect of experimental cryptorchism on the isozymes of lactate dehydrogenase in mouse testes. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1968; 167:411-7. [PMID: 4386273 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401670403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
47
|
Wright DA, Moyer FH. Inheritance of frog lactate dehydrogenase patterns and the persistence of maternal isozymes during development. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 1968; 167:197-205. [PMID: 5692094 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401670208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
48
|
Watts DC. Variation in enzyme structure and function: the guidelines of evolution. ADVANCES IN COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 1968; 3:1-114. [PMID: 4874872 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-395512-8.50007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
49
|
Spector RG, Watts DC. Evidence for the random aggregation of sub-units to produce multiple forms of lactate dehydrogenase in the brains of rat and man. Nature 1967; 216:154-6. [PMID: 6057223 DOI: 10.1038/216154b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
50
|
Abstract
I have presented a series of observations on macromolecular interactions which occur during the terminal stages of lens cell differentiation. These are summarized in Fig. 2. Other cell types that undergo similar changes are the erythrocyte and skin cells (epidermis) during the process of keratinization. These other cells are also involved in the synthesis of highly specific proteins, and there are indications that molecular alterations similar to those described for the lens may also occur in these cells (26). Thus, elucidation of a specific series of macromolecular initeractions such as those described may provide a basis for the biochemical definition of the terminal stages of cellular differentiation. Differentiation of the reticulocyte, for example, involves inactivation of the nucleus, stabilization of mRNA, and possibly a ribosomal breakdown such as I have described here (26). Furthermore, elucidation of the mechanisms of reactions involving the initiation of tissue-specific protein synthesis and suLbsequent nuclear inactivation, stabilization of mRNA, and breakdown of the ribosomes may provide a basis for defining the mechanisms of terminal cellular differentiation. The lens cell has reached its highest form of cellular differentiation when it has formed the fiber cell. With respect to the mechanism of lens fiber cell formation, we would like to know whether specific biochemical changes such as gamma-crystallin synthesis are intiniately linked to fiber cell formation-that is, whether gamma-crystallins are required to bring about the formation of a fiber cell. The potential for synthesizing gamma-crystallins is inherent in the genome of the cell. This part of the genome is nonfunctional in the epithelial cell. Can these genes be activated without bringing about a simultaneous cellular elongation, nuclear inactivation and loss of cellular replication, stabilization of mRNA, and breakdown of the ribosomes? The degree of coupling or uncoupling of tissue-specific-protein synthesis to morphogenesis is an important part of the mechanism of cellular differentiation. We feel that we have now reached the stage where we can begin to answer these questions.
Collapse
|