1
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Cai J, Wei L, Liu J, Xue C, Chen Z, Hu Y, Zang Y, Wang M, Shi W, Qin T, Zhang H, Chen L, Liu X, Willinger MG, Hu P, Liu K, Yang B, Liu Z, Liu Z, Wang ZJ. Two-dimensional crystalline platinum oxide. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-02002-y. [PMID: 39300286 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Platinum (Pt) oxides are vital catalysts in numerous reactions, but research indicates that they decompose at high temperatures, limiting their use in high-temperature applications. In this study, we identify a two-dimensional (2D) crystalline Pt oxide with remarkable thermal stability (1,200 K under nitrogen dioxide) using a suite of in situ methods. This 2D Pt oxide, characterized by a honeycomb lattice of Pt atoms encased between dual oxygen layers forming a six-pointed star structure, exhibits minimized in-plane stress and enhanced vertical bonding due to its unique structure, as revealed by theoretical simulations. These features contribute to its high thermal stability. Multiscale in situ observations trace the formation of this 2D Pt oxide from α-PtO2, providing insights into its formation mechanism from the atomic to the millimetre scale. This 2D Pt oxide with outstanding thermal stability and distinct surface electronic structure subverts the previously held notion that Pt oxides do not exist at high temperatures and can also present unique catalytic capabilities. This work expands our understanding of Pt oxidation species and sheds light on the oxidative and catalytic behaviours of Pt oxide in high-temperature settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaowu Xue
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoxi Chen
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiong Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijing Zang
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meixiao Wang
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wujun Shi
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Qin
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Liu
- In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Peijun Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Centre for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhu-Jun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Transformative Science, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Shibuta M, Nakajima A. Imaging of ultrafast photoexcited electron dynamics in pentacene nanocrystals on a graphite substrate. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12397-12405. [PMID: 38832543 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding molecular film growth on substrates and the ultrafast electron dynamics at their interface is crucial for advancing next-generation organic electronics. We have focused on studying the ultrafast photoexcited electron dynamics in nanoscale organic crystals of an aromatic molecule, pentacene, on a two-dimensional material of graphite substrate. Through the use of time-resolved two-photon photoelectron emission microscopy (2P-PEEM), we have visualized the ultrafast lateral evolution of photoexcited electrons. By resonantly tuning the incident photon to excite pentacene molecules, polarization-dependent 2P-PEEM has revealed that pentacene nanocrystals (sub- to several μm) on the substrate exhibit a preferential orientation, in which a molecular π-orbital contacts the substrate in a "lying flat" orientation, facilitating electron transfer to the substrate. The time-resolved 2P-PEEM captures the motion of excited electrons in a femto- to pico-second timescale, clearly imaging the ultrafast charge transfer and lateral expansion two-dimensionally on the graphite substrate. Moreover, we found that the lying-flat molecular orientation of pentacene nanocrystals is transformable into a "standing-up" one through gentle heating up to 50 °C. These experimental insights using time-resolved 2P-PEEM will be highly valuable in enhancing the photofunctionalities of organic electronic devices by controlled molecular deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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3
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Han N, Wang Y, Su BL. Unveiling oscillatory nature for sustainable fuel production. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae068. [PMID: 38577665 PMCID: PMC10989655 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Han
- Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, China
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, China
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4
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Roldán Cuenya B. Operando Electron Microscopy of Catalysts: The Missing Cornerstone in Heterogeneous Catalysis Research? Chem Rev 2023; 123:13374-13418. [PMID: 37967448 PMCID: PMC10722467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis in thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase chemical conversion plays an important role in our modern energy landscape. However, many of the structural features that drive efficient chemical energy conversion are still unknown. These features are, in general, highly distinct on the local scale and lack translational symmetry, and thus, they are difficult to capture without the required spatial and temporal resolution. Correlating these structures to their function will, conversely, allow us to disentangle irrelevant and relevant features, explore the entanglement of different local structures, and provide us with the necessary understanding to tailor novel catalyst systems with improved productivity. This critical review provides a summary of the still immature field of operando electron microscopy for thermal gas-phase and electrochemical liquid-phase reactions. It focuses on the complexity of investigating catalytic reactions and catalysts, progress in the field, and analysis. The forthcoming advances are discussed in view of correlative techniques, artificial intelligence in analysis, and novel reactor designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldán Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Wadenpfuhl K, Adams CS. Emergence of Synchronization in a Driven-Dissipative Hot Rydberg Vapor. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:143002. [PMID: 37862666 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.143002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
We observe synchronization in a thermal (35-60 °C) atomic (Rb) ensemble driven to a highly excited Rydberg state (principle quantum number n ranging from 43 to 79). Synchronization in this system is unexpected due to the atomic motion; however, we show theoretically that sufficiently strong interactions via a global Rydberg density mean field cause frequency and phase entrainment. The emergent oscillations in the vapor's bulk quantities are detected in the transmission of the probe laser for a two-photon excitation scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Wadenpfuhl
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Stuart Adams
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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6
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Kumar P, Gangopadhyay G. Glycolytic Wave Patterns in a Simple Reaction-diffusion System with Inhomogeneous Influx: Dynamic Transitions. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200643. [PMID: 36478341 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An inhomogeneous profile of chemostatted species generates a rich variety of patterns in glycolytic waves depicted in a Selkov reaction-diffusion framework here. A key role played by diffusion amplitude and symmetry in the chemostatted species profile in dictating the fate of local spatial dynamics involving periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic patterns and transitions among them are investigated systematically. More importantly, various dynamic transitions, including wave propagation direction changes, are illustrated in interesting situations. Besides numerical results, our analytical formulation of the amplitude equation connecting complex Ginzburg-Landau and Lambda-omega representation shed light on the phase dynamics of the system. This systematic study of the glycolytic reaction-diffusion wave is in line with previous experimental results in open spatial reactor and will provide a knowledge about the dynamics that shape and control biological information processing and related phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premashis Kumar
- S. N. Bose National Centre For Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 106, India
| | - Gautam Gangopadhyay
- S. N. Bose National Centre For Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700 106, India
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7
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Mao S, Wang Z, Luo Q, Lu B, Wang Y. Geometric and Electronic Effects in Hydrogenation Reactions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Mao
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Lu
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Nguindjel ADC, de Visser PJ, Winkens M, Korevaar PA. Spatial programming of self-organizing chemical systems using sustained physicochemical gradients from reaction, diffusion and hydrodynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23980-24001. [PMID: 36172850 PMCID: PMC9554936 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02542f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms employ chemical self-organization to build structures, and inspire new strategies to design synthetic systems that spontaneously take a particular form, via a combination of integrated chemical reactions, assembly pathways and physicochemical processes. However, spatial programmability that is required to direct such self-organization is a challenge to control. Thermodynamic equilibrium typically brings about a homogeneous solution, or equilibrium structures such as supramolecular complexes and crystals. This perspective addresses out-of-equilibrium gradients that can be driven by coupling chemical reaction, diffusion and hydrodynamics, and provide spatial differentiation in the self-organization of molecular, ionic or colloidal building blocks in solution. These physicochemical gradients are required to (1) direct the organization from the starting conditions (e.g. a homogeneous solution), and (2) sustain the organization, to prevent it from decaying towards thermodynamic equilibrium. We highlight four different concepts that can be used as a design principle to establish such self-organization, using chemical reactions as a driving force to sustain the gradient and, ultimately, program the characteristics of the gradient: (1) reaction-diffusion coupling; (2) reaction-convection; (3) the Marangoni effect and (4) diffusiophoresis. Furthermore, we outline their potential as attractive pathways to translate chemical reactions and molecular/colloidal assembly into organization of patterns in solution, (dynamic) self-assembled architectures and collectively moving swarms at the micro-, meso- and macroscale, exemplified by recent demonstrations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter J de Visser
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mitch Winkens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter A Korevaar
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Bartlett S, Louapre D. Provenance of life: Chemical autonomous agents surviving through associative learning. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:034401. [PMID: 36266823 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.034401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a benchmark study of autonomous, chemical agents exhibiting associative learning of an environmental feature. Associative learning systems have been widely studied in cognitive science and artificial intelligence but are most commonly implemented in highly complex or carefully engineered systems, such as animal brains, artificial neural networks, DNA computing systems, and gene regulatory networks, among others. The ability to encode environmental information and use it to make simple predictions is a benchmark of biological resilience and underpins a plethora of adaptive responses in the living hierarchy, spanning prey animal species anticipating the arrival of predators to epigenetic systems in microorganisms learning environmental correlations. Given the ubiquitous and essential presence of learning behaviors in the biosphere, we aimed to explore whether simple, nonliving dissipative structures could also exhibit associative learning. Inspired by previous modeling of associative learning in chemical networks, we simulated simple systems composed of long- and short-term memory chemical species that could encode the presence or absence of temporal correlations between two external species. The ability to learn this association was implemented in Gray-Scott reaction-diffusion spots, emergent chemical patterns that exhibit self-replication and homeostasis. With the novel ability of associative learning, we demonstrate that simple chemical patterns can exhibit a broad repertoire of lifelike behavior, paving the way for in vitro studies of autonomous chemical learning systems, with potential relevance to artificial life, origins of life, and systems chemistry. The experimental realization of these learning behaviors in protocell or coacervate systems could advance a new research direction in astrobiology, since our system significantly reduces the lower bound on the required complexity for autonomous chemical learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Bartlett
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - David Louapre
- Ubisoft Entertainment, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France and Science Étonnante, 75014 Paris, France†
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10
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Muravev V, Simons JFM, Parastaev A, Verheijen MA, Struijs JJC, Kosinov N, Hensen EJM. Operando Spectroscopy Unveils the Catalytic Role of Different Palladium Oxidation States in CO Oxidation on Pd/CeO
2
Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200434. [PMID: 35303388 PMCID: PMC9325467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aiming at knowledge‐driven design of novel metal–ceria catalysts for automotive exhaust abatement, current efforts mostly pertain to the synthesis and understanding of well‐defined systems. In contrast, technical catalysts are often heterogeneous in their metal speciation. Here, we unveiled rich structural dynamics of a conventional impregnated Pd/CeO2 catalyst during CO oxidation. In situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of metallic and oxidic Pd states during the reaction. Using transient operando infrared spectroscopy, we probed the nature and reactivity of the surface intermediates involved in CO oxidation. We found that while low‐temperature activity is associated with sub‐oxidized and interfacial Pd sites, the reaction at elevated temperatures involves metallic Pd. These results highlight the utility of the multi‐technique operando approach for establishing structure–activity relationships of technical catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Muravev
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme F. M. Simons
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Parastaev
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Verheijen
- Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Eurofins Material Science Netherlands BV 5656AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Job J. C. Struijs
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Nikolay Kosinov
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Emiel J. M. Hensen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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11
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Chen J, Ren Y, Huang WL, Zhang L, Li J. Multilevel Mesoscale Complexities in Mesoregimes: Challenges in Chemical and Biochemical Engineering. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:431-455. [PMID: 35378042 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-115031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the complex behaviors in diverse chemical and biochemical systems to elucidate their commonalities and thus help develop a mesoscience methodology to address the complexities in even broader topics. This could possibly build a new scientific paradigm for different disciplines and could meanwhile provide effective tools to tackle the big challenges in various fields, thus paving a path toward combining the paradigm shift in science with the breakthrough in technique developments. Starting with our relatively fruitful understanding of chemical systems, the discussion focuses on the relatively pristine but very intriguing biochemical systems. It is recognized that diverse complexities are multilevel in nature, with each level being multiscale and the complexity emerging always at mesoscales in mesoregimes. Relevant advances in theoretical understandings and mathematical tools are summarized as well based on case studies, and the convergence between physics and mathematics is highlighted. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Ying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Wen Lai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
| | - Jinghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China;
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12
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Muravev V, Simons JF, Parastaev A, Verheijen MA, Struijs JJ, Kosinov N, Hensen E. Operando Spectroscopy Unveils the Catalytic Role of Different Palladium Oxidation States in CO oxidation on Pd/CeO2 catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery Muravev
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Jérôme F.M. Simons
- TU/e: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Alexander Parastaev
- TU/e: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Job J.C. Struijs
- TU/e: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Nikolay Kosinov
- TU/e: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Chemical Engineering and Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Emiel Hensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Schuit Institute of Catalysis PO Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven NETHERLANDS
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13
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Mirena JI, Constales D, Martens J, Dendooven J, Yablonsky GS, Galvita VV. TAP analysis of single and double peak responses during CO oxidation over Pt. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Catalysis is at the core of chemistry and has been essential to make all the goods surrounding us, including fuels, coatings, plastics and other functional materials. In the near future, catalysis will also be an essential tool in making the shift from a fossil-fuel-based to a more renewable and circular society. To make this reality, we have to better understand the fundamental concept of the active site in catalysis. Here, we discuss the physical meaning - and deduce the validity and, therefore, usefulness - of some common approaches in heterogeneous catalysis, such as linking catalyst activity to a 'turnover frequency' and explaining catalytic performance in terms of 'structure sensitivity' or 'structure insensitivity'. Catalytic concepts from the fields of enzymatic and homogeneous catalysis are compared, ultimately realizing that the struggle that one encounters in defining the active site in most solid catalysts is likely the one we must overcome to reach our end goal: tailoring the precise functioning of the active sites with respect to many different parameters to satisfy our ever-growing needs. This article ends with an outlook of what may become feasible within the not-too-distant future with modern experimental and theoretical tools at hand.
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15
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Flores-Arias MT, Gómez-Varela AI, Munuzuri AP, Carballosa A, Bao-Varela C. Micro-reactors fabricated by Subaquatic indirect Laser-Induced Plasma-Assisted Ablation on soda-lime glass substrates. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202226613012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization control of complex systems is a field that emerged with huge interest and aims to study new possible routes to synchronization in networks of non-locally coupled chemical oscillators. Light can be used to stimulate these systems and to be able to synchronize the different micro-reactors involved in the complex system. To this end, transparent reactors with good optical qualities are needed. Glass is the most appropriated material to be used for fabricating the micro-reactors. Subaquatic indirect Laser-Induced Plasma-Assisted Ablation is presented as a laser technique that combines underwater ablation with shock waves as a potential technique for fabricating these micro-reactors by using a Nd:YVO4 laser.
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16
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Bataille-Gonzalez M, Clerc MG, Omel'chenko OE. Moving spiral wave chimeras. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:L022203. [PMID: 34525661 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.l022203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional array of heterogeneous nonlocally coupled phase oscillators on a flat torus and study the bound states of two counter-rotating spiral chimeras, shortly two-core spiral chimeras, observed in this system. In contrast to other known spiral chimeras with motionless incoherent cores, the two-core spiral chimeras typically show a drift motion. Due to this drift, their incoherent cores become spatially modulated and develop specific fingerprint patterns of varying synchrony levels. In the continuum limit of infinitely many oscillators, the two-core spiral chimeras can be studied using the Ott-Antonsen equation. Numerical analysis of this equation allows us to reveal the stability region of different spiral chimeras, which we group into three main classes-symmetric, asymmetric, and meandering spiral chimeras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bataille-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Física and Millenium Institute for Research in Optics, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcel G Clerc
- Departamento de Física and Millenium Institute for Research in Optics, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 487-3, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oleh E Omel'chenko
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Cuenya BR. In situand operandoelectron microscopy in heterogeneous catalysis-insights into multi-scale chemical dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:153001. [PMID: 33825698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abddfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review features state-of-the-artin situandoperandoelectron microscopy (EM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts in gas and liquid environments during reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts are important materials for the efficient production of chemicals/fuels on an industrial scale and for energy conversion applications. They also play a central role in various emerging technologies that are needed to ensure a sustainable future for our society. Currently, the rational design of catalysts has largely been hampered by our lack of insight into the working structures that exist during reaction and their associated properties. However, elucidating the working state of catalysts is not trivial, because catalysts are metastable functional materials that adapt dynamically to a specific reaction condition. The structural or morphological alterations induced by chemical reactions can also vary locally. A complete description of their morphologies requires that the microscopic studies undertaken span several length scales. EMs, especially transmission electron microscopes, are powerful tools for studying the structure of catalysts at the nanoscale because of their high spatial resolution, relatively high temporal resolution, and complementary capabilities for chemical analysis. Furthermore, recent advances have enabled the direct observation of catalysts under realistic environmental conditions using specialized reaction cells. Here, we will critically discuss the importance of spatially-resolvedoperandomeasurements and the available experimental setups that enable (1) correlated studies where EM observations are complemented by separate measurements of reaction kinetics or spectroscopic analysis of chemical species during reaction or (2) real-time studies where the dynamics of catalysts are followed with EM and the catalytic performance is extracted directly from the reaction cell that is within the EM column or chamber. Examples of current research in this field will be presented. Challenges in the experimental application of these techniques and our perspectives on the field's future directions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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von Boehn B, Imbihl R. Dynamics of Ultrathin Vanadium Oxide Layers on Rh(111) and Rh(110) Surfaces During Catalytic Reactions. Front Chem 2020; 8:707. [PMID: 32974277 PMCID: PMC7472780 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 35 years rate oscillations and chemical wave patterns have been extensively studied on metal surfaces, while little is known about the dynamics of catalytic oxide surfaces under reaction conditions. Here we report on the behavior of ultrathin V oxide layers epitaxially grown on Rh(111) and Rh(110) single crystal surfaces during catalytic methanol oxidation. We use photoemission electron microscopy and low-energy electron microscopy to study the surface dynamics in the 10-6 to 10-2 mbar range. On VO x /Rh(111) we find a ripening mechanism in which VO x islands of macroscopic size move toward each other and coalesce under reaction conditions. A polymerization/depolymerization mechanism of VO x that is sensitive to gradients in the oxygen coverage explains this behavior. The existence of a substructure in VO x islands gives rise to an instability, in which a VO x island shrinks and expands around a critical radius in an oscillatory manner. At 10-2 mbar the VO x islands are no longer stable but they disintegrate, leading to turbulent redistribution dynamics of VO x . On the more open and thermodynamically less stable Rh(110) surface the behavior of VO x is much more complex than on Rh(111), as V can also populate subsurface sites. At low V coverage, one finds traveling interface pulses in the bistable range. A state-dependent anisotropy of the surface is presumably responsible for intriguing chemical wave patterns: wave fragments traveling along certain crystallographic directions, and coexisting different front geometries in the range of dynamic bistability. Annealing to 1000 K causes the formation of macroscopic VO x islands. Under more reducing conditions dendritic growth of a VO x overlayer is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard von Boehn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ronald Imbihl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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Oh S, Ha H, Choi H, Jo C, Cho J, Choi H, Ryoo R, Kim HY, Park JY. Oxygen activation on the interface between Pt nanoparticles and mesoporous defective TiO2 during CO oxidation. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234716. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5131464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Hanseul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Changbum Jo
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jangkeun Cho
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyuk Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyun You Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, South Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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20
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Makeev A, Imbihl R. Simulation of traveling interface pulses in bistable surface reactions. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042206. [PMID: 31770951 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A couple of bistable oxidation reactions on Rh(110), the CH_{3}OH+O_{2} and the NH_{3}+O_{2} reactions, exhibit localized excitations at the interface between oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich phase that propagate in a pulselike manner along the interface. A three-variable reaction-diffusion model is set up based on a mechanism that explains the localized excitations as being caused by temporary structural defects generated in the vicinity of the interface. The structural defects are a consequence of different densities of surface atoms in the oxygen-induced reconstruction phases and in the nonreconstructed (1×1) phase. One- and two-dimensional simulations show that traveling interface pulses (TIPs) exist in a region of so-called double metastability adjacent to the equistability point of the bistable system. As in the experiment, we observe triangular-shaped TIPs that move fast along the interface. Diffusional anisotropy is not required for the occurrence of TIPs. All essential features of the experiment are reproduced by the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Makeev
- Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ronald Imbihl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz-Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3A 30167 Hannover, Germany
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Otani NF, Wheeler K, Krinsky V, Luther S. Termination of Scroll Waves by Surface Impacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:068102. [PMID: 31491191 PMCID: PMC7381943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.068102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional scroll waves direct cell movement and gene expression, and induce chaos in the brain and heart. We found an approach to terminate multiple three-dimensional scrolls. A pulse of a properly configured electric field detaches scroll filaments from the surface. They shrink due to filament tension and disappear. Since wave emission from small heterogeneities is not used, this approach requires a much lower electric field. It is not sensitive to the details of the excitable medium. It may affect future studies of low-energy chaos termination in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels F. Otani
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Kayleigh Wheeler
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - Valentin Krinsky
- CNRS, INPHYNI, 1361, route des Lucioles, 06560 Valbonne France
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Research Group of Biomedical Physics, Am Fassberg, 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Luther
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Research Group of Biomedical Physics, Am Fassberg, 17, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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22
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Huang WL, Li J, Chen X. 110th Anniversary: Mesoscale Complexity—To Dodge or To Confront? Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People’s Republic of China
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Dann EK, Gibson EK, Catlow CRA, Celorrio V, Collier P, Eralp T, Amboage M, Hardacre C, Stere C, Kroner A, Raj A, Rogers S, Goguet A, Wells PP. Combined spatially resolved operando spectroscopy: New insights into kinetic oscillations of CO oxidation on Pd/γ-Al2O3. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Huang WL, Li J, Liu Z, Zhou J, Ma C, Wen LX. Mesoscale distribution of adsorbates in ZSM-5 zeolite. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Suchorski Y, Rupprechter G. Heterogeneous Surfaces as Structure and Particle Size Libraries of Model Catalysts. Catal Letters 2018; 148:2947-2956. [PMID: 30393447 PMCID: PMC6191079 DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2506-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Suchorski
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Smolinsky T, von Boehn B, Imbihl R. Chemical waves in the O 2 + H 2 reaction on a Rh(111) surface alloyed with nickel. I. Photoelectron emission microscopy. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:154704. [PMID: 29679958 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical waves that arise in the H2 + O2 reaction on a bimetallic Rh(111)/Ni surface have been studied in the 10-6 and 10-5 mbar range at T = 773 K with photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Nickel coverages of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0 monolayers were investigated. Coadsorbed with some oxygen, Ni starts to penetrate the Rh bulk region substantially only beyond 900 K. In the 10-5 mbar range, chemical waves are characterized by three distinct gray levels in PEEM. This number reduces to only two levels in the 10-6 mbar range. In situ LEED showed the periodic appearance of a (n × 1) (n = 8, 10) pattern during chemical waves which was assigned to a 2D-Ni oxide. With in situ AES, one observes that the bright phase in PEEM correlates with a high Ni coverage and the dark phase with a low Ni coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Smolinsky
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernhard von Boehn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ronald Imbihl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3A, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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27
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von Boehn B, Mehrwald S, Imbihl R. Hole patterns in ultrathin vanadium oxide layers on a Rh(111) surface during catalytic oxidation reactions with NO. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2018; 28:045117. [PMID: 31906638 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Various oxidation reactions with NO as oxidant have been investigated on a partially VOx covered Rh(111) surface (θV = 0.3 MLE) in the 10-4 mbar range, using photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) as spatially resolving method. The PEEM studies are complemented by rate measurements and by low-energy electron diffraction. In catalytic methanol oxidation with NO and in the NH3 + NO reaction, we observe that starting from a homogeneous surface with increasing temperature first a stripe pattern develops, followed by a pattern in which macroscopic holes of nearly bare metal surface are surrounded by a VOx film. These hole patterns represent just the inverse of the VOx distribution patterns seen if O2 instead of NO is used as oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard von Boehn
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Mehrwald
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ronald Imbihl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstrasse 3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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28
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Li J, Huang W. From Multiscale to Mesoscience: Addressing Mesoscales in Mesoregimes of Different Levels. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2018; 9:41-60. [PMID: 29553825 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review covers three decades of research on mesoscale phenomena in chemical engineering, from the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) model specific for gas-solid fluidization to a general principle of compromise in competition between dominant mechanisms, leading to the proposed concept of mesoscience. First, the concept of mesoscales is reviewed with respect to their commonality, diversity, and misunderstanding in different fields. Then, the evolution from the EMMS model to the EMMS principle common to all mesoscales is described to show the rationale of mesoscience referring to both mesoscales and mesoregimes. Finally, the potential universality of mesoscience and its importance, particularly to enable virtual process engineering (VPE) by realizing the consistency of logic and structure between the problem, the model, the software, and the computer, are discussed. The review concludes by illustrating possible case studies to collect more evidence and a potential framework for mesoscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; ,
| | - Wenlai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China; ,
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29
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Glock P, Broichhagen J, Kretschmer S, Blumhardt P, Mücksch J, Trauner D, Schwille P. Optical Control of a Biological Reaction-Diffusion System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Glock
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemical Biology; Max Planck Institute for Medical Research; Jahnstr. 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simon Kretschmer
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Philipp Blumhardt
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry; Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich; Butenandtstr. 5-13 81377 Munich Germany
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; Silver Center for Arts and Science; New York University; 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry; Am Klopferspitz 18 82152 Martinsried Germany
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30
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Glock P, Broichhagen J, Kretschmer S, Blumhardt P, Mücksch J, Trauner D, Schwille P. Optical Control of a Biological Reaction-Diffusion System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2362-2366. [PMID: 29266672 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patterns formed by reaction and diffusion are the foundation for many phenomena in biology. However, the experimental study of reaction-diffusion (R-D) systems has so far been dominated by chemical oscillators, for which many tools are available. In this work, we developed a photoswitch for the Min system of Escherichia coli, a versatile biological in vitro R-D system consisting of the antagonistic proteins MinD and MinE. A MinE-derived peptide of 19 amino acids was covalently modified with a photoisomerizable crosslinker based on azobenzene to externally control peptide-mediated depletion of MinD from the membrane. In addition to providing an on-off switch for pattern formation, we achieve frequency-locked resonance with a precise 2D spatial memory, thus allowing new insights into Min protein action on the membrane. Taken together, we provide a tool to study phenomena in pattern formation using biological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Glock
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johannes Broichhagen
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Current address: Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstr. 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Kretschmer
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Philipp Blumhardt
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jonas Mücksch
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Current address: Department of Chemistry, Silver Center for Arts and Science, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Petra Schwille
- Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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31
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Du Y, Li L, Wang X, Qiu H. A Newly Designed Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy System for In Situ Characterization from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:122-128. [PMID: 29069912 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817742053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) compatible polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) system that is designed for in situ surface spectroscopic characterization on a transferable single crystalline sample. The innovative design of manipulator rod and high-pressure cell (HPC) ensures free movement of the sample between the preparation chamber and the HPC, and perfect separation of them during high pressure experiments. The pressure in the HPC can be varied from UHV (10-9 mbar) to ambient pressure (1000 mbar) while keeping the preparation chamber under UHV conditions. The design of the transferable sample holder and receiving stage allows precise temperature measurement and allows convenient sample changing. In situ IRRAS measurements under variable pressure and temperature can be conducted either in the conventional mode or with polarization modulation. Other surface characterization methods can also use the preparation chamber; thus, the system is endowed with the capability for systematic investigations of surface catalytic reactions. A case study of CO adsorption and oxidation on Pt(111) demonstrates the performance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Du
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
- 2 74610 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
- 2 74610 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
- 2 74610 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hengshan Qiu
- 1 Laboratory of Environmental Science and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, 74610 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi , China
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Yu Y, Koh YE, Lim H, Jeong B, Isegawa K, Kim D, Ueda K, Kondoh H, Mase K, Crumlin EJ, Ross PN, Gallet JJ, Bournel F, Mun BS. Chemical states of surface oxygen during CO oxidation on Pt(1 1 0) surface revealed by ambient pressure XPS. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:464001. [PMID: 29057751 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of CO oxidation on Pt(1 1 0) surface is revisited using ambient pressure x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. When the surface temperature reaches the activation temperature for CO oxidation under elevated pressure conditions, both the α-phase of PtO2 oxide and chemisorbed oxygen are formed simultaneously on the surface. Due to the exothermic nature of CO oxidation, the temperature of the Pt surface increases as CO oxidation takes place. As the CO/O2 ratio increases, the production of CO2 increases continuously and the surface temperature also increases. Interestingly, within the diffusion limited regions, the amount of surface oxide changes little while the chemisorbed oxygen is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngseok Yu
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Xiao S, Tong C, Yang Y, Wu M. Mitotic Cortical Waves Predict Future Division Sites by Encoding Positional and Size Information. Dev Cell 2017; 43:493-506.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sun F, Huang WL, Li J. Mesoscale Structures in the Adlayer of A-B 2 Heterogeneous Catalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11582-11589. [PMID: 28732446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the adsorbate distributions in the adlayer for a model A-B2 system of heterogeneous catalysis, i.e., A + 1/2B2 → AB, via kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. In comparison with our previous work on the A-B model (Sun, F.; Huang, W.; Li, J. Structural characteristics of the adlayer in heterogeneous catalysis. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2016, 153, 87-92), species B2 here brings about significant new features due to its special site requirement during adsorption and desorption and a different stoichiometric ratio in reactions. The effects of various kinetic processes on the adsorbate distribution are found to be similar to those in the A-B system; that is, both desorption and diffusion (besides adsorption) processes contribute to the adlayer uniformity while reactions account for clustering. However, desorption exhibits a stronger role than diffusion in homogenizing the adlayer, which is opposite to the finding in the previous A-B model. Under a fixed partial pressure, different reaction and desorption rate constants can lead to steady states with different dominant species, which has not been observed in the A-B system. The regime of species B poisoning shrinks as well, leading to the spreading of the coexisting regime, in comparison with the A-B model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Lai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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35
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Bittihn P, Berg S, Parlitz U, Luther S. Emergent dynamics of spatio-temporal chaos in a heterogeneous excitable medium. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:093931. [PMID: 28964139 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-organized activation patterns in excitable media such as spiral waves and spatio-temporal chaos underlie dangerous cardiac arrhythmias. While the interaction of single spiral waves with different types of heterogeneity has been studied extensively, the effect of heterogeneity on fully developed spatio-temporal chaos remains poorly understood. We investigate how the complexity and stability properties of spatio-temporal chaos in the Bär-Eiswirth model of excitable media depend on the heterogeneity of the underlying medium. We employ different measures characterizing the chaoticity of the system and find that the spatial arrangement of multiple discrete lower excitability regions has a strong impact on the complexity of the dynamics. Varying the number, shape, and spatial arrangement of the heterogeneities, we observe strong emergent effects ranging from increases in chaoticity to the complete cessation of chaos, contrasting the expectation from the homogeneous behavior. The implications of our findings for the development and treatment of arrhythmias in the heterogeneous cardiac muscle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bittihn
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Berg
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Parlitz
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Luther
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Abstract
In 1861, Michael Faraday gave one of his last Friday Evening Discourses at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, on platinum, which he described as "this beautiful, magnificent and valuable metal". More than a hundred and twenty years later (in 1989), the author re-enacted, at the Royal Institution, many of the demonstrations that Faraday carried out in his memorable Discourse. This article outlines many of Faraday's views on, and experiments with, platinum. It also describes the continuing importance and utilization of platinum, both as perceived in 1989 and from present perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Meurig Thomas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK. and University Chemical Laboratories, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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37
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Kaichev VV, Saraev AA, Gladky AY, Prosvirin IP, Blume R, Teschner D, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R, Bukhtiyarov VI. Reversible Bulk Oxidation of Ni Foil During Oscillatory Catalytic Oxidation of Propane: A Novel Type of Spatiotemporal Self-Organization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:026001. [PMID: 28753346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.026001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel type of temporal and spatial self-organization in a heterogeneous catalytic reaction is described for the first time. Using in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry, we show that, under certain conditions, self-sustained reaction-rate oscillations arise in the oxidation of propane over Ni foil because of reversible bulk oxidation of Ni to NiO, which can be observed even with the naked eye as chemical waves propagating over the catalyst surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Kaichev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Saraev
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A Yu Gladky
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I P Prosvirin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R Blume
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - D Teschner
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M Hävecker
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - V I Bukhtiyarov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva avenue 5, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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38
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Schreck M, Gsell S, Brescia R, Fischer M. Ion bombardment induced buried lateral growth: the key mechanism for the synthesis of single crystal diamond wafers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44462. [PMID: 28294167 PMCID: PMC5353677 DOI: 10.1038/srep44462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A detailed mechanism for heteroepitaxial diamond nucleation under ion bombardment in a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition setup on the single crystal surface of iridium is presented. The novel mechanism of Ion Bombardment Induced Buried Lateral Growth (IBI-BLG) is based on the ion bombardment induced formation and lateral spread of epitaxial diamond within a ~1 nm thick carbon layer. Starting from one single primary nucleation event the buried epitaxial island can expand laterally over distances of several microns. During this epitaxial lateral growth typically thousands of isolated secondary nuclei are generated continuously. The unique process is so far only observed on iridium surfaces. It is shown that a diamond single crystal with a diameter of ~90 mm and a weight of 155 carat can be grown from such a carbon film which initially consisted of 2 · 1013 individual grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schreck
- Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gsell
- Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martin Fischer
- Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
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39
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Time Resolved Operando X-ray Techniques in Catalysis, a Case Study: CO Oxidation by O2 over Pt Surfaces and Alumina Supported Pt Catalysts. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Dou J, Sun Z, Opalade AA, Wang N, Fu W, Tao F(F. Operando chemistry of catalyst surfaces during catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:2001-2027. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00931j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of a catalyst surface during catalysis is crucial for a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of a catalytic reaction performed on the catalyst in the gas or liquid phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dou
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Zaicheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Technology
- Beijing
- China
| | - Adedamola A. Opalade
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
| | - Wensheng Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and Applications and College of Chemistry
- Chongqing Normal University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Franklin (Feng) Tao
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry
- University of Kansas
- Lawrence
- USA
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41
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Thomas S. Potassium sulfate forms a spiral structure when dissolved in solution. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793117010328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Dougoud M, Vinckenbosch L, Mazza C, Schwaller B, Pecze L. The Effect of Gap Junctional Coupling on the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ca2+ Signals and the Harmonization of Ca2+-Related Cellular Responses. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1005295. [PMID: 28027293 PMCID: PMC5226819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are important mediators of a great variety of cellular activities e.g. in response to an agonist activation of a receptor. The magnitude of a cellular response is often encoded by frequency modulation of Ca2+ oscillations and correlated with the stimulation intensity. The stimulation intensity highly depends on the sensitivity of a cell to a certain agonist. In some cases, it is essential that neighboring cells produce a similar and synchronized response to an agonist despite their different sensitivity. In order to decipher the presumed function of Ca2+ waves spreading among connecting cells, a mathematical model was developed. This model allows to numerically modifying the connectivity probability between neighboring cells, the permeability of gap junctions and the individual sensitivity of cells to an agonist. Here, we show numerically that strong gap junctional coupling between neighbors ensures an equilibrated response to agonist stimulation via formation of Ca2+ phase waves, i.e. a less sensitive neighbor will produce the same or similar Ca2+ signal as its highly sensitive neighbor. The most sensitive cells within an ensemble are the wave initiator cells. The Ca2+ wave in the cytoplasm is driven by a sensitization wave front in the endoplasmic reticulum. The wave velocity is proportional to the cellular sensitivity and to the strength of the coupling. The waves can form different patterns including circular rings and spirals. The observed pattern depends on the strength of noise, gap junctional permeability and the connectivity probability between neighboring cells. Our simulations reveal that one highly sensitive region gradually takes the lead within the entire noisy system by generating directed circular phase waves originating from this region. The calcium ion (Ca2+), a universal signaling molecule, is widely recognized to play a fundamental role in the regulation of various biological processes. Agonist–evoked Ca2+ signals often manifest as rhythmic changes in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration (ccyt) called Ca2+ oscillations. Stimuli intensity was found to be proportional to the oscillation frequency and the evoked down-steam cellular response. Stochastic receptor expression in individual cells in a cell population inevitably leads to individually different oscillation frequencies and individually different Ca2+-related cellular responses. However, in many organs, the neighboring cells have to overcome their individually different sensitivity and produce a synchronized response. Gap junctions are integral membrane structures that enable the direct cytoplasmic exchange of Ca2+ ions and InsP3 molecules between neighboring cells. By simulations, we were able to demonstrate how the strength of intercellular gap junctional coupling in relation to stimulus intensity can modify the spatiotemporal patterns of Ca2+ signals and harmonize the Ca2+-related cellular responses via synchronization of oscillation frequency. We demonstrate that the most sensitive cells are the wave initiator cells and that a highly sensitive region plays an important role in the determination of the Ca2+ phase wave direction. This sensitive region will then also progressively determine the global behavior of the entire system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Dougoud
- Department of Mathematics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laura Vinckenbosch
- Department of Mathematics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland // HES-SO, HEIG-VD, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mazza
- Department of Mathematics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Beat Schwaller
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - László Pecze
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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43
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Oh S, Qadir K, Park JY. Nature of Active Sites and Their Quantitative Measurement in Two-Dimensional Pt Metal Catalysts. Catal Letters 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-016-1909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Periodic protein adsorption at the gold/biotin aqueous solution interface: evidence of kinetics with time delay. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36232. [PMID: 27808155 PMCID: PMC5093736 DOI: 10.1038/srep36232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An oscillatory molecular adsorption pattern of the protein neutravidin from aqueous solution onto gold, in presence of a pre-deposited self assembled mono-molecular biotin film, is reported. Real time surface Plasmon resonance sensing was utilized for evaluation of the adsorption kinetics. Two different fractions were identified: in the initial phase, protein molecules attach irreversibly onto the Biotin ligands beneath towards the jamming limit, forming a neutravidin-biotin fraction. Afterwards, the growth rate exhibits distinct, albeit damped adsorption-desorption oscillations over an extended time span, assigned to a quasi reversibly bound fraction. These findings agree with, and firstly confirm a previously published model, proposing macro-molecular adsorption with time delay. The non-linear dynamic model is applicable to and also resembles non-damped oscillatory binding features of the hetero-catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide molecules on platinum in the gas phase. An associated surface residence time can be linked to the dynamics and time scale required for self-organization.
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45
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46
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Mesoscale model for heterogeneous catalysis based on the principle of compromise in competition. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Krick Calderón S, Grabau M, Óvári L, Kress B, Steinrück HP, Papp C. CO oxidation on Pt(111) at near ambient pressures. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:044706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4940318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Krick Calderón
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M. Grabau
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - L. Óvári
- MTA-SZTE Reaction Kinetics and Surface Chemistry Research Group, Rerrich Béla tér 1, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - B. Kress
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - H.-P. Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - C. Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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48
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Ghoshal G, Muñuzuri AP, Pérez-Mercader J. Emergence of a super-synchronized mobbing state in a large population of coupled chemical oscillators. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19186. [PMID: 26753772 PMCID: PMC4709686 DOI: 10.1038/srep19186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory phenomena are ubiquitous in Nature. The ability of a large population of coupled oscillators to synchronize constitutes an important mechanism to express information and establish communication among members. To understand such phenomena, models and experimental realizations of globally coupled oscillators have proven to be invaluable in settings as varied as chemical, biological and physical systems. A variety of rich dynamical behavior has been uncovered, although usually in the context of a single state of synchronization or lack thereof. Through the experimental and numerical study of a large population of discrete chemical oscillators, here we report on the unexpected discovery of a new phenomenon revealing the existence of dynamically distinct synchronized states reflecting different degrees of communication. Specifically, we discover a novel large-amplitude super-synchronized state separated from the conventionally reported synchronized and quiescent states through an unusual sharp jump transition when sampling the strong coupling limit. Our results assume significance for further elucidating globally coherent phenomena, such as in neuropathologies, bacterial cell colonies, social systems and semiconductor lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourab Ghoshal
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alberto P. Muñuzuri
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Juan Pérez-Mercader
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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Abstract
In the present contribution we present an overview of our recent studies using the "kinetics by imaging" approach for CO oxidation on heterogeneous model systems. The method is based on the correlation of the PEEM image intensity with catalytic activity: scaled down to the μm-sized surface regions, such correlation allows simultaneous local kinetic measurements on differently oriented individual domains of a polycrystalline metal-foil, including the construction of local kinetic phase diagrams. This allows spatially- and component-resolved kinetic studies and, e.g., a direct comparison of inherent catalytic properties of Pt(hkl)- and Pd(hkl)-domains or supported μm-sized Pd-powder agglomerates, studies of the local catalytic ignition and the role of defects and grain boundaries in the local reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Suchorski
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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50
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Dissipative solitons and backfiring in the electrooxidation of CO on Pt. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16312. [PMID: 26553742 PMCID: PMC4639791 DOI: 10.1038/srep16312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Collisions of excitation pulses in dissipative systems lead usually to their annihilation. In this paper, we report electrochemical experiments exhibiting more complex pulse interaction with collision survival and pulse splitting, phenomena that have rarely been observed experimentally and are only poorly understood theoretically. Using spatially resolved in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the attenuated total reflection configuration, we monitored reaction pulses during the electrochemical oxidation of CO on Pt thin film electrodes in a flow cell. The system forms quasi-1d pulses that align parallel to the flow and propagate perpendicular to it. The pulses split once in a while, generating a second solitary wave in the backward moving direction. Upon collision, the waves penetrate each other in a soliton-like manner. These unusual pulse dynamics could be reproduced with a 3-component reaction-diffusion-migration model with two inhibitor species, one of them exhibiting a long-range spatial coupling. The simulations shed light on existence criteria of such dissipative solitons.
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