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Araújo MJ, Quintaneiro C, Soares AMVM, Monteiro MS. Effects of ultraviolet radiation to Solea senegalensis during early development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142899. [PMID: 33127138 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) reaching the Earth surface is increasing and scarce information is available regarding effects of this stressor to early life stages of marine vertebrates. Therefore, this work aims to study the effects of UVR exposure during early development stages of the flatfish Solea senegalensis. Firstly, fish were exposed to UVR (six daily doses between 3.4 ± 0.08 and 8.6 ± 0.14 kJ m-2) at the following moments: gastrula stage (24 h post fertilization, hpf), 1 and 2 days after hatching (dah, 48 and 72 hpf, respectively). In a second bioassay, fish at the beginning of metamorphosis were exposed to UVR (one or two daily doses of 7.2 ± 0.39 or 11.1 ± 0.49 kJ m-2) and then maintained until the end of metamorphosis. Mortality and effects on development, growth and behaviour were evaluated at the end of both bioassays (3 dah and 18 dah, respectively). Biomarkers of neurotransmission (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), oxidative stress (catalase, CAT) and biotransformation (glutathione S-transferase, GST) were also determined at the end of the early larvae bioassay, and metamorphosis progression was evaluated during the second bioassay. UVR exposure caused distinct effects depending on life stage. Altered pigmentation, decreased growth, impaired fish behaviour and AChE and GST inhibition were observed at the earlier larval phase. Whereas, decrease in growth was the main effect observed at the metamorphosis stage. In summary, the exposure of S. senegalensis early stages to environmentally relevant UVR doses led to adverse responses at different levels of biological organization, which might lead to implications in later life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário J Araújo
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CIIMAR (Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carla Quintaneiro
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marta S Monteiro
- CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies) & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Altobelli GG, Van Noorden S, Balato A, Cimini V. Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase in Human Skin: Current Knowledge. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:183. [PMID: 32478084 PMCID: PMC7235401 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase is widespread in the human body, including skin and its appendages. Here, we focus on human skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, the enzyme that protects skin and its appendages against reactive oxygen species. Human skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase resides in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes, where up to 90% of cellular reactive oxygen species is produced. Factors other than cell type, such as gender, age and diseased state influence its location in skin tissues. We review current knowledge of skin copper/zinc superoxide dismutase including recent studies in an attempt to contribute to solving the question of its remaining unexplained functions. The research described here may be applicable to pathologies associated with oxidative stress. However, recent studies on copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in yeast reveal that its predominant function may be in signaling pathways rather than in scavenging superoxide ions. If confirmed in the skin, novel approaches might be developed to unravel the enzyme's remaining mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna G Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Susan Van Noorden
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Balato
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cimini
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Effects of ultraviolet radiation on mole rats kidney: A histopathologic and ultrastructural study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yel M, Güven T, Türker H. Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the stratum corneum of skin in mole rats. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yel
- Gazi University, Gazi Education of Faculty, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
| | - Turan Güven
- Gazi University, Gazi Education of Faculty, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Türker
- Ankara University, Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Besevler, Ankara, Cankaya, 06500, Turkey
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The effect of ultraviolet radiation of pancreatic exocrine cells in mole rats: An ultrastructural study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sheng F, Jingjing L, Yu C, Fu-Ming T, Xuemei D, Jing-yao L. Theoretical study of the oxidation reactions of sulfurous acid/sulfite with ozone to produce sulfuric acid/sulfate with atmospheric implications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7988-7996. [PMID: 35542014 PMCID: PMC9078479 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00411k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, theoretical studies were performed on the atmospheric oxidation of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and sulfite ions (HSO3−) by ozone (O3) to produce sulfuric acid and hydrosulfate ions. The most favorable path for the H2SO3 + O3 reaction has been found to be initiated from concerted H-abstraction and oxygen addition, with an overall energy barrier of 18.3 kcal mol−1. On the other hand, the most favorable path for the HSO3− + O3 reaction is initiated from oxygen addition, with an overall energy barrier of only 0.3 kcal mol−1. Kinetic simulations were performed to estimate the significance of these reactions in the formation of atmospheric sulfate and destruction of the ozone layer. The results provide new insight into the missing source of atmospheric sulfate and particulate matter. Herein, theoretical studies were performed on the atmospheric oxidation of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) and sulfite ions (HSO3−) by ozone (O3) to produce sulfuric acid and hydrosulfate ions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sheng
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Liu Jingjing
- Department of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Chen Yu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Tao Fu-Ming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- California State University
- Fullerton
- USA
| | - Duan Xuemei
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Liu Jing-yao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
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Insights from a Chronology of the Development of Atmospheric Composition Monitoring Networks Since the 1800s. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7120160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Patel M, Kim HS, Park HH, Kim J. Active Adoption of Void Formation in Metal-Oxide for All Transparent Super-Performing Photodetectors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25461. [PMID: 27151288 PMCID: PMC4858702 DOI: 10.1038/srep25461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Could ‘defect-considered’ void formation in metal-oxide be actively used? Is it possible to realize stable void formation in a metal-oxide layer, beyond unexpected observations, for functional utilization? Herein we demonstrate the effective tailoring of void formation of NiO for ultra-sensitive UV photodetection. NiO was formed onto pre-sputtered ZnO for a large size and spontaneously formed abrupt p-NiO/n-ZnO heterojunction device. To form voids at an interface, rapid thermal process was performed, resulting in highly visible light transparency (85–95%). This heterojunction provides extremely low saturation current (<0.1 nA) with an extraordinary rectifying ratio value of over 3000 and works well without any additional metal electrodes. Under UV illumination, we can observe the fast photoresponse time (10 ms) along with the highest possible responsivity (1.8 A W−1) and excellent detectivity (2 × 1013 Jones) due to the existence of an intrinsic-void layer at the interface. We consider this as the first report on metal-oxide-based void formation (Kirkendall effect) for effective photoelectric device applications. We propose that the active adoption of ‘defect-considered’ Kirkendall-voids will open up a new era for metal-oxide based photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkeshkumar Patel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 406772, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sik Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 406772, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Ho Park
- Applied Device and Material Lab., Device Technology Division, Korea Advanced Nanofab Center (KANC), Suwon 443270, Korea
| | - Joondong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy Rd. Yeonsu, Incheon, 406772, Republic of Korea
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Cardini U, Bednarz VN, Foster RA, Wild C. Benthic N2 fixation in coral reefs and the potential effects of human-induced environmental change. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:1706-27. [PMID: 24967086 PMCID: PMC4063469 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical coral reefs are among the most productive and diverse ecosystems, despite being surrounded by ocean waters where nutrients are in short supply. Benthic dinitrogen (N2) fixation is a significant internal source of "new" nitrogen (N) in reef ecosystems, but related information appears to be sparse. Here, we review the current state (and gaps) of knowledge on N2 fixation associated with coral reef organisms and their ecosystems. By summarizing the existing literature, we show that benthic N2 fixation is an omnipresent process in tropical reef environments. Highest N2 fixation rates are detected in reef-associated cyanobacterial mats and sea grass meadows, clearly showing the significance of these functional groups, if present, to the input of new N in reef ecosystems. Nonetheless, key benthic organisms such as hard corals also importantly contribute to benthic N2 fixation in the reef. Given the usually high coral coverage of healthy reef systems, these results indicate that benthic symbiotic associations may be more important than previously thought. In fact, mutualisms between carbon (C) and N2 fixers have likely evolved that may enable reef communities to mitigate N limitation. We then explore the potential effects of the increasing human interferences on the process of benthic reef N2 fixation via changes in diazotrophic populations, enzymatic activities, or availability of benthic substrates favorable to these microorganisms. Current knowledge indicates positive effects of ocean acidification, warming, and deoxygenation and negative effects of increased ultraviolet radiation on the amount of N fixed in coral reefs. Eutrophication may either boost or suppress N2 fixation, depending on the nutrient becoming limiting. As N2 fixation appears to play a fundamental role in nutrient-limited reef ecosystems, these assumptions need to be expanded and confirmed by future research efforts addressing the knowledge gaps identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulisse Cardini
- Coral Reef Ecology Group (CORE), Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT)Fahrenheitstr. 6, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Vanessa N Bednarz
- Coral Reef Ecology Group (CORE), Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT)Fahrenheitstr. 6, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Rachel A Foster
- Max Planck Institute for Marine MicrobiologyCelsiusstr. 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Coral Reef Ecology Group (CORE), Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT)Fahrenheitstr. 6, Bremen, 28359, Germany
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry (FB 2), University of BremenBremen, Germany
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Eklund AG, Hidy GM, Watson JG, Chow JC. Stratospheric ozone, global warming, and the principle of unintended consequences--an ongoing science and policy success story. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:605-606. [PMID: 23858989 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.799984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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12
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Fegley B. Properties and Composition of the Terrestrial Oceans and of the Atmospheres of the Earth and Other Planets. AGU REFERENCE SHELF 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/rf001p0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Effects of ozone and aerosol on surface UV radiation variability. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 119:46-51. [PMID: 23334158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Mostofa KMG, Liu CQ, Sakugawa H, Vione D, Minakata D, Wu F. Photoinduced and Microbial Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Peroxides in Natural Waters. PHOTOBIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC MATTER 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32223-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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15
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Hilsenrath E, Cebula RP, DeLand MT, Laamann K, Taylor S, Wellemeyer C, Bhartia PK. Calibration of the NOAA 11 solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV/2) ozone data set from 1989 to 1993 using in-flight calibration data and SSBUV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stolarski RS, Douglass AR, Remsberg EE, Livesey NJ, Gille JC. Ozone temperature correlations in the upper stratosphere as a measure of chlorine content. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Huang JJH, Cheung PCK. +UVA treatment increases the degree of unsaturation in microalgal fatty acids and total carotenoid content in Nitzschia closterium (Bacillariophyceae) and Isochrysis zhangjiangensis (Chrysophyceae). Food Chem 2011; 129:783-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Antón M, Koukouli ME, Kroon M, McPeters RD, Labow GJ, Balis D, Serrano A. Global validation of empirically corrected EP-Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) total ozone columns using Brewer and Dobson ground-based measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shi K, Wang L, Zhou YH, Yu YL, Yu JQ. Effects of calcium cyanamide on soil microbial communities and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumberinum. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 75:872-877. [PMID: 19230952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Calcium cyanamide (CaCN(2)) has been one of the potential candidates as soil disinfectant since the restriction of methyl bromide in soil fumigation due to its ecological risk. However, little information is available on effects of CaCN(2) on soil microbial community. In this study, the soil microbial communities and the fate of pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Schlechtend, Fr) f. sp. cucumberinum (Owen) Snyder and Hansen (F.O. f. sp. cucumberinum) in response to CaCN(2) treatment was evaluated. F.O. f. sp. cucumberinum population in soil treated with CaCN(2) at rates of 80 and 200 gm(-2) was suppressed by 88.7 and 92.2% after 15 d of CaCN(2) application. Bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete populations were also greatly decreased after 3 d of CaCN(2) application, but they recovered to the control level by 15 d. The variation in functional diversity of soil microbes characterized by principal component analysis, diversity and evenness indices based on Biolog data followed a similar trend. Meanwhile, the band number from the DGGE of soil 16S rDNA fragments increased from 9 for the non-CaCN(2)-treated soil to 10 or 12 after different rates of CaCN(2) application at 15 d, indicating the increase of abundant rDNA types in the community. The results suggest that CaCN(2) application had only a short-term and transitory impact on the indigenous soil microbial community in contrast to the long-term suppression of the F.O. f. sp. cucumberinum population. It is feasible to reduce Fusarium wilt without significant impact on microbial community by application of CaCN(2) at reasonable doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shi
- Department of Horticulture, Huajiachi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China
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In vitro evaluation of UV opacity potential of Aloe vera L. gel from different germplasms. J Nat Med 2008; 63:195-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-008-0299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rai LC, Tyagi B, Mallick N. Alternation in Photosynthetic Characteristics of
Anabaena doliolum
Following Exposure to UVB and Pb. Photochem Photobiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb03120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. C. Rai
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Bipul Tyagi
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Nirupama Mallick
- Laboratory of Algal Biology, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Sayed AEDH, Ibrahim AT, Mekkawy IAA, Mahmoud UM. Acute effects of ultraviolet-A radiation on African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2007; 89:170-4. [PMID: 17981474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 09/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/13/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the destructive effects of Ultraviolet-A radiation on the African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus was revealed in terms of total protein, cholesterol, glucose, hemoglobin and erythrocytic indices, differential blood cell counting, heamatocrite, creatinine level, Aspartic Amino Transferase, Alanine Amino Transferase and Alkaline Phosphatase. These destructive effects were also confirmed by histopathological changes in liver, blood corpuscles and skin.
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Chimphango SBM, Brown CF, Musil CF, Dakora FD. Effects of UV-B radiation on seed yield of Glycine max and an assessment of F1 generation progeny for carryover effects. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2007; 131:378-86. [PMID: 18251877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Glycine max (L.) Merr plants were grown outdoors in potted sand exposed to elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation provided by filtered fluorescent lamps to determine the effects of UV-B on seed yield and UV-B-induced carryover effects in the F1 generation. Increased UV-B radiation had no detectable effects on reproductive parameters except for a reduction on seed number per plant and an increase in the number of unseeded pods per plant and dry weight of unseeded pods per plant in the field supplemental UV-B experiment. Studies on carryover effects in the greenhouse progeny growth trial also showed no effect of parental treatment with UV-B on biomass production, and most symbiotic-N traits and plant metabolite measured. However, the concentrations of N in nodules and starch in roots were significantly increased in the F1 generation progeny from elevated UV-B radiation relative to their F1 counterparts from ambient radiation. Assessing the effects of seed size on plant growth and symbiotic function in the F1 progeny showed that total biomass, dry matter yield of individual organs (leaves, stems, roots and nodules), total plant N and fixed-N rose with increasing seed size. Seed concentration of flavonoids was also enhanced with increasing seed size. These findings suggest that subtle changes did occur in the F1 generation progeny of parental plants exposed to elevated UV-B with potential to accumulate with further exposure to elevated UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson B M Chimphango
- Botany Department, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Vyushin DI, Fioletov VE, Shepherd TG. Impact of long-range correlations on trend detection in total ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jeannet P, Stübi R, Levrat G, Viatte P, Staehelin J. Ozone balloon soundings at Payerne (Switzerland): Reevaluation of the time series 1967–2002 and trend analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Huovinen PS, Oikari AOJ, Soimasuo MR, Cherr GN. Impact of UV Radiation on the Early Development of the Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) Gametophytes §¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720308iourot2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Mitchell DL, Meador J, Paniker L, Gasparutto D, Jeffrey WH, Cadet J. Development and Application of a Novel Immunoassay for Measuring Oxidative DNA Damage in the Environment¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750257daaoan2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Meador J, Jeffrey WH, Kase JP, Pakulski JD, Chiarello S, Mitchell DL. Seasonal Fluctuation of DNA Photodamage in Marine Plankton Assemblages at Palmer Station, Antarctica¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)0750266sfodpi2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kuwahara VS, Ogawa H, Toda T, Kikuchi T, Taguchi S. Variability of Bio-optical Factors Influencing the Seasonal Attenuation of Ultraviolet Radiation in Temperate Coastal Waters of Japan¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2000)0720193vobofi2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Okay OS, Karacik B. Photoinduced toxicity of selected PAHs to the marine microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2007; 42:707-14. [PMID: 17473996 DOI: 10.1080/10934520701304344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different concentrations of pyrene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and chrysene within the solubility limits of the chemicals on marine microalgal species of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were examined under UV-A and UV-B lights by application of batch toxicity tests. The algal species were also exposed to the individual PAHs under cool-white fluorescent bulbs in the same laboratory conditions in order to compare the results with the responses of UV-exposed organisms. EC50 values calculated with the trimmed Spearman Karber method demonstrate that the UV light dramatically enhances the toxicity of the selected model PAHs. In most cases, the magnitude of increase in PAH toxicity was directly related to the concentration of individual PAHs and the duration of UV-lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya S Okay
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sastre MP, Vernet M, Steinert S. Single-cell Gel/Comet Assay Applied to the Analysis of UV Radiation-induced DNA Damage in Rhodomonas sp. (Cryptophyta)¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2001)0740055scgcaa2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Ji YM, Li ZS, Liu JY. On the kinetic mechanism of reactions of hydroxyl radical with CHF2CH3 − n F n (n = 1–3). Theor Chem Acc 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-007-0260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Schröder HC, Di Bella G, Janipour N, Bonaventura R, Russo R, Müller WEG, Matranga V. DNA damage and developmental defects after exposure to UV and heavy metals in sea urchin cells and embryos compared to other invertebrates. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2007; 39:111-37. [PMID: 17152696 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27683-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer and the resulting increase in hazardous ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth are of major concern not only for terrestrial but also for aquatic organisms. UV-B is able to penetrate clear water to ecologically significant depths. This chapter deals with the effects of UV radiation on DNA integrity in marine benthic organisms, in particular sea urchins in comparison to other marine invertebrates (sponges and corals). These animals cannot escape the damaging effects of UV-B radiation and may be additionally exposed to pollution from natural or anthropogenic sources. Besides eggs and larvae that lack a protective epidermal layer and are particularly prone to the damaging effects of UV radiation, coelomocytes from the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus were used as a "cellular sensor" to analyse the effects on DNA caused by UV-B, heavy metals (cadmium), and their combined actions. From our data we conclude that sea urchin coelomocytes as well as cells from other marine invertebrates are useful bioindicators of UV-B and heavy metal stress, responding to these stressors with different extents of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Schröder
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Abteilung Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
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Weyrauch SL, Grubb TC. Effects of the interaction between genetic diversity and UV-B radiation on wood frog fitness. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2006; 20:802-10. [PMID: 16909573 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity may buffer amphibian populations against environmental vicissitudes. We hypothesized that wood frogs (Rana sylvatica)from populations with lower genetic diversity are more susceptible to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation than those from populations with higher diversity. We used RAPD markers to obtain genetic diversity estimates for 12 wood frog populations. We reared larval wood frogs from these populations and exposed experimental groups of eggs and larvae to one of three treatments: unfiltered sunlight, sunlight filtered through a UM-B-blocking filter (Mylar), and sunlight filtered through a UV-B-transmitting filter (acetate). In groups exposed to UVB, larval mortality and deformity rates increased significantly, but egg mortality did not. We found a significant negative relationship between genetic diversity and egg mortality, larval mortality, and deformity rates. Furthermore, the interaction between UV-B treatment and genetic diversity significantly affected larval mortality. Populations with low genetic diversity experienced higher larval mortality rates when exposed to UVB than did populations with high genetic diversity. This is the first time an interaction between genetic diversity and an environmental stressor has been documented in amphibians. Differences in genetic diversity among populations, coupled with environmental stressors, may help explain patterns of amphibian decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shauna L Weyrauch
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, 300 Aronoff Laboratory, 318 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Liang Y, Beardall J, Heraud P. Effects of nitrogen source and UV radiation on the growth, chlorophyll fluorescence and fatty acid composition of Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chaetoceros muelleri (Bacillariophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2006; 82:161-72. [PMID: 16388965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2005] [Revised: 10/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of the marine diatoms Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chaetoceros muelleri were grown in f/2 medium supplied with either nitrate (N-Nt), ammonium (N-Am) or urea (N-Ur) as the nitrogen (N) source at the same final N concentration (0.88 mM). Exponential growth phase cultures of the two diatoms were exposed to four different light regimes for 2 days: (UVAR) PAR (60 micromol quanta m-2 s-1) plus 8.22 W m-2 (unweighted) UVAR; (high UVBR) PAR (60 micromol quanta m-2 s-1) plus 1.04 W m-2 (unweighted) UVBR plus 13.73 W m-2 (unweighted) UVAR; (low UVBR) PAR (60 micromol quanta m-2 s-1) plus 0.19 W m-2 (unweighted) UVBR plus 2.76 W m-2 (unweighted) UVAR and (PAR) PAR (60 micromol quanta m-2 s-1) alone (control). No significant effects of N source on the growth rates of the two diatoms were detected. The maximum effective quantum yield of PSII, PhiPSIIe-max, and the initial slope of the light curve, alpha, of P. tricornutum and C. muelleri were all inhibited, whereas Ik was somewhat increased, as a consequence of 2 days of exposure to all the UVR treatments. Multiple factor ANOVA revealed that all the major fatty acids, both in P. tricornutum and C. muelleri, were influenced more strongly by N source than by UVR. The composition of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in P. tricornutum and C. muelleri exhibited almost the same pattern of variation with N source and UVR. The maximum value of SFA was found in the N-Am treatment, that of MUFA in the N-Nt treatment and for PUFA in the N-Ur treatment irrespective of the UV radiation. On the other hand, the impact of UVR resulted in an increase of PUFA and a reduction of SFA both in P. tricornutum and C. muelleri under all N sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic. 3800, Australia.
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38
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Malanca FE. Trends evolution of ozone between 1980 and 2000 at midlatitudes over the Southern Hemisphere: Decadal differences in trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Reinsel GC. Trend analysis of total ozone data for turnaround and dynamical contributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Coral bleaching refers to the loss of symbiotic algae by host corals, or to the loss of pigmentation by the algae themselves, causing corals to appear white or "bleached." Some corals may regain algae or pigmentation and survive, but when bleaching is severe the host coral dies. Coral bleaching events have increased dramatically in the last two decades, and coral reefs throughout the world have been extensively degraded as a result. This article reviews coral bleaching for investigators working in the field of toxicology and environmental health, a group of scientists not normally exposed to this issue. Several environmental stressors have been correlated with bleaching, including fluctuations in sea surface temperatures and salinity, increased sedimentation, increased solar radiation, and contaminants such as oil and herbicides. Molecular mechanisms of bleaching are only beginning to be investigated and are thus far poorly understood. Toxicologists have the potential to make significant contributions toward understanding anthropogenic aspects of coral bleaching and elucidating molecular mechanisms of this important environmental problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Meehan
- Environmental Toxicology Program, Department of Zoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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42
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Häkkinen J, Oikari A. A field methodology to study effects of UV radiation on fish larvae. WATER RESEARCH 2004; 38:2891-2897. [PMID: 15223283 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2003] [Revised: 11/28/2003] [Accepted: 04/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable lack of in situ specific information about the effects of UV-B radiation on limnic animals studied in the field. We exposed larval pike (Esox lucius L.) in two types of cuvettes (glass and quartz) placed at different depths (5 or 15 cm) to natural solar UV or to artificially enhanced UV-B (lamps on 3 h per day), simulating the scenarios for coming decades. Dose realism and comparability with earlier laboratory experiments was the main purpose, and therefore UV-B irradiances to the surface as well as underwater irradiances were directly measured. Result showed that UV-B dose rates in natural waters are low even though DOC concentration was low (4.8 mg/l) in our study lake. A slight increase in ambient UV-B dose rates was enough to cause neurobehavioral symptoms in pike larvae. However, the dose rates applied were inadequate to affect superoxide dismutase (SOD) or HSP70. While assessing the suggested risks due to increased UV, conclusions emphasize the importance of conducting field UV studies as supplements to laboratory experiments. We also recommend direct measurements of UV-radiation at sites where the target organisms are actually exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Häkkinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9, P.O. Box 35(YAC), Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
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Joiner J. Retrieval of cloud pressure and oceanic chlorophyll content using Raman scattering in GOME ultraviolet spectra. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Svendby TM. Statistical analysis of total ozone measurements in Oslo, Norway, 1978–1998. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kharroubi M, de Sainte Claire P. The Pitzer Free Rotor Model for Nondegenerate Modes: Application to the Long-Range Behavior of Halogen Radical Reactions with Substituted Olefins. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0258614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kharroubi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR6517, CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 521, Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Pascal de Sainte Claire
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR6517, CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 521, Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, France
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46
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Newchurch MJ. Evidence for slowdown in stratospheric ozone loss: First stage of ozone recovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Flentje H. Erosion and mixing of filaments in the arctic lower stratosphere revealed by airborne lidar measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Li J, Cunnold DM, Wang HJ, Yang ES, Newchurch MJ. A discussion of upper stratospheric ozone asymmetries and SAGE trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Derek M. Cunnold
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Hsiang-Jui Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Eun-Su Yang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Michael J. Newchurch
- Atmospheric Sciences Department; University of Alabama in Huntsville; Huntsville Alabama USA
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Palen WJ, Schindler DE, Adams MJ, Pearl CA, Bury RB, Diamond SA. OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL WATERS PROTECT AMPHIBIANS FROM UV-B IN THE U.S. PACIFIC NORTHWEST. Ecology 2002. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[2951:oconwp]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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