1
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Atienza CM, Sánchez L. Increasing Dimensionality in Self-Assembly: Toward Two-Dimensional Supramolecular Polymers. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400379. [PMID: 38525912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Different approaches to achieve 2D supramolecular polymers, as an alternative to the covalent bottom-up approaches reported for the preparation of 2D materials, are reviewed. The significance of the operation of weak non-covalent forces to induce a lateral growth of a number of self-assembling units is collected. The examples of both thermodynamically and kinetically controlled formation of 2D supramolecular polymers showed in this review demonstrate the utility of this strategy to achieve new 2D materials with biased morphologies (nanosheets, scrolls, porous surfaces) and showing elegant applications like chiral recognition, enantioselective uptake or asymmetric organic transformations. Furthermore, elaborated techniques like seeded or living supramolecular polymerizations have been demonstrated to give rise to complex 2D nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Atienza
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, -Madrid, Spain
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2
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Ren Y, Xu Y. Recent advances in two-dimensional polymers: synthesis, assembly and energy-related applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1823-1869. [PMID: 38192222 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) are a class of 2D crystalline polymer materials with definite structures, which have outstanding physical-chemical and electronic properties. They cleverly link organic building units through strong covalent bonds and can construct functional 2DPs through reasonable design and selection of different monomer units to meet various application requirements. As promising energy materials, 2DPs have developed rapidly in recent years. This review first introduces the basic overview of 2DPs, such as their historical development, inherent 2D characteristics and diversified topological advantages, followed by the summary of the typical 2DP synthesis methods recently (including "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods). The latest research progress in assembly and processing of 2DPs and the energy-related applications in energy storage and conversion are also discussed. Finally, we summarize and prospect the current research status, existing challenges, and future research directions of 2DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ren
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China.
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3
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Puneet P, Shao SW, Ho RM. Induced Circular Dichroism and Circularly Polarized Luminescence for Block Copolymers with Chiral Communications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200369. [PMID: 35836097 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many sophisticated chiral materials are found in living organisms, giving specific functions and required complexity. Owing to the remarkable optical properties of chiral materials, they have drawn significant attention for the development of synthetic materials to give optical activities for appealing applications. In contrast to a top-down approach, the bottom-up approach from self-assembled systems with chiral host-achiral guest and achiral guest-chiral host for induced circular dichroism and induced circularly polarized luminescence has greatly emerged because of its cost-effective advantage with easy fabrication for mesoscale assembly. Self-assembled hierarchical textures with chiral sense indeed give significant amplification of the dissymmetry factors of absorption and luminescence (gabs and glum ), resulting from the formation of well-ordered superstructures and phases with the building of chromophores and luminophores. By taking advantage of the microphase separation of block copolymers via self-assembly, a variety of well-defined chiral nanostructures can be formed as tertiary superstructures that can be further extended to quaternary phases in bulk or thin film. In this article, a conceptual perspective is presented to utilize the self-assembly of chiral block copolymers with chiral communications, giving quaternary phases with well-ordered textures at the nanoscale for significant enhancement of dissymmetry factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puhup Puneet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wei Shao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
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4
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Majood M, Shakeel A, Agarwal A, Jeevanandham S, Bhattacharya R, Kochhar D, Singh A, Kalyanasundaram D, Mohanty S, Mukherjee M. Hydrogel Nanosheets Confined 2D Rhombic Ice: A New Platform Enhancing Chondrogenesis. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 36044885 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoconfinement within flexible interfaces is a key step towards exploiting confinement effects in several biological and technological systems wherein flexible 2D materials are frequently utilized but are arduous to prepare. Hitherto unreported, the synthesis of 2D Hydrogel nanosheets (HNS) using a template- and catalyst-free process is developed representing a fertile ground for fundamental structure-property investigations. In due course of time, nucleating folds propagating along the edges trigger co-operative deformations of HNS generating regions of nanoconfinement within trapped water islands. These severely constricting surfaces force water molecules to pack within the nanoscale regime of HNS almost parallel to the surface bringing about phase transition into puckered rhombic ice with AA and AB Bernal stacking pattern, which was mostly restricted to Molecular dynamics (MD) studies so far. Interestingly, under high lateral pressure and spatial inhomogeneity within nanoscale confinement, bilayer rhombic ice structures were formed with an in-plane lattice spacing of 0.31 nm. In this work, a systematic exploration of rhombic ice formation within HNS has been delineated using High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and its ultrathin morphology was examined using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed high porosity while mechanical testing presented young's modulus of 155 kPa with ~84% deformation, whereas contact angle suggested high hydrophilicity. The combinations of nanosheets, porosity, nanoconfinement, hydrophilicity, and mechanical strength, motivated us to explore their application as a scaffold for cartilage regeneration, by inducing chondrogenesis of human Wharton Jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ MSCs). HNS promoted the formation of cell aggregates giving higher number of spheroid formation and a marked expression of chondrogenic markers (ColI, ColII, ColX, ACAN and S-100), thereby providing some cues for guiding chondrogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misba Majood
- AICCRS, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, INDIA
| | - Adeeba Shakeel
- AICCRS, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, INDIA
| | - Aakanksha Agarwal
- AICCRS, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, INDIA
| | | | | | - Dakshi Kochhar
- Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, INDIA
| | - Aarti Singh
- AICCRS, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, INDIA
| | | | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Cardio-Thoracic Sciences Centre, Orbo Building, first floor,, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, 110029, INDIA
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5
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Zeng Y, Gordiichuk P, Ichihara T, Zhang G, Sandoz-Rosado E, Wetzel ED, Tresback J, Yang J, Kozawa D, Yang Z, Kuehne M, Quien M, Yuan Z, Gong X, He G, Lundberg DJ, Liu P, Liu AT, Yang JF, Kulik HJ, Strano MS. Irreversible synthesis of an ultrastrong two-dimensional polymeric material. Nature 2022; 602:91-95. [PMID: 35110762 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymers that extend covalently in two dimensions have attracted recent attention1,2 as a means of combining the mechanical strength and in-plane energy conduction of conventional two-dimensional (2D) materials3,4 with the low densities, synthetic processability and organic composition of their one-dimensional counterparts. Efforts so far have proven successful in forms that do not allow full realization of these properties, such as polymerization at flat interfaces5,6 or fixation of monomers in immobilized lattices7-9. Another frequently employed synthetic approach is to introduce microscopic reversibility, at the cost of bond stability, to achieve 2D crystals after extensive error correction10,11. Here we demonstrate a homogenous 2D irreversible polycondensation that results in a covalently bonded 2D polymeric material that is chemically stable and highly processable. Further processing yields highly oriented, free-standing films that have a 2D elastic modulus and yield strength of 12.7 ± 3.8 gigapascals and 488 ± 57 megapascals, respectively. This synthetic route provides opportunities for 2D materials in applications ranging from composite structures to barrier coating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takeo Ichihara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emil Sandoz-Rosado
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Wetzel
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| | - Jason Tresback
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daichi Kozawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongyue Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Quien
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guangwei He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel James Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pingwei Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Albert Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jing Fan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Crystalline Supramolecular Polymers: Dynamics, Chirality, and Function. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Yadav I, Al Sulaiman D, Soh BW, Doyle PS. Phase Transition of Catenated DNA Networks in Poly(ethylene glycol) Solutions. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1429-1435. [PMID: 35549007 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Conformational phase transitions of macromolecules are an important class of problems in fundamental polymer physics. While the conformational phase transitions of linear DNA have been extensively studied, this feature of topologically complex DNA remains unexplored. We report herein the polymer-and-salt-induced (Ψ) phase transition of 2D catenated DNA networks, called kinetoplasts, using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. We observe that kinetoplasts can undergo a reversible transition from the flat phase to the collapsed phase in the presence of NaCl as a function of the crowding agent poly(ethylene glycol). The nature of this phase transition is tunable through varying ionic strengths. For linear DNA, the coexistence of coil and globule phases was attributed to a first order phase transition associated with a double well potential in the transition regime. Kinetoplasts, however, navigate from the flat to the collapsed phase by passing through an intermediate regime, characterized by the coexistence of a multipopulation with varying shapes and sizes. Conformations of individual molecules in the multipopulation are long-lived, which suggests a rugged energy landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indresh Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dana Al Sulaiman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Beatrice W. Soh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Patrick S. Doyle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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8
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Zhang G, Zeng Y, Gordiichuk P, Strano MS. Chemical kinetic mechanisms and scaling of two-dimensional polymers via irreversible solution-phase reactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:194901. [PMID: 34240902 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) polymers are extended networks of multi-functional repeating units that are covalently linked together but confined to a single plane. The past decade has witnessed a surge in interest and effort toward producing and utilizing 2D polymers. However, facile synthesis schemes suitable for mass production are yet to be realized. In addition, unifying theories to describe the 2D polymerization process, such as those for linear polymers, have not yet been established. Herein, we perform a chemical kinetic simulation to study the recent synthesis of 2D polymers in homogeneous solution with irreversible chemistry. We show that reaction sites for polymerization in 2D always scale unfavorably compared to 3D, growing as molecular weight to the 1/2 power vs 2/3 power for 3D. However, certain mechanisms can effectively suppress out-of-plane defect formation and subsequent 3D growth. We consider two such mechanisms, which we call bond-planarity and templated autocatalysis. In the first, although single bonds can easily rotate out-of-plane to render polymerization in 3D, some double-bond linkages prefer a planar configuration. In the second mechanism, stacked 2D plates may act as van der Waals templates for each other to enhance growth, which leads to an autocatalysis. When linkage reactions possess a 1000:1 selectivity (γ) for staying in plane vs rotating, solution-synthesized 2D polymers can have comparable size and yield with those synthesized from confined polymerization on a surface. Autocatalysis could achieve similar effects when self-templating accelerates 2D growth by a factor β of 106. A combined strategy relaxes the requirement of both mechanisms by over one order of magnitude. We map the dependence of molecular weight and yield for the 2D polymer on the reaction parameters, allowing experimental results to be used to estimate β and γ. Our calculations show for the first time from theory the feasibility of producing two-dimensional polymers from irreversible polymerization in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Gao H, Zhao L, Liu K, Lu ZY. Polymerization-Induced Reassembly of Gemini Molecules toward Generating Porous Two-Dimensional Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2340-2347. [PMID: 33656345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In situ polymerization of preorganized amphiphilic monomers on various substrates provides a flexible synthetic route to construct high-quality two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) with designed functionalities. However, the detailed polymerization kinetics of these monomers in 2D confinement and their impact on the structural features of 2DPs have not been efficiently explored. Here, using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we unveil the similarity of the polymerization kinetics of the amphiphilic Gemini molecules in both a 2D-confined space and solution and emphasize the key role of the initiator concentration in modifying the morphology of 2DPs. More interestingly, introducing a spacer group into the Gemini monomer facilitates the formation of porous 2DPs. The size and periodic arrangement of pores in these 2DPs could be directly controlled by the Gemini molecular geometries and polymerization kinetics. The insights based on our DPD simulations provide valuable guidelines for the rational design and synthesis of 2DPs from a wider range of amphiphilic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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10
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Kasbe PS, Luo X, Xu W. Interface engineering and integration of two-dimensional polymeric and inorganic materials for advanced hybrid structures. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress and future directions in the creation of hybrid structures based on 2D polymers and inorganic 2D materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik S. Kasbe
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Xiongyu Luo
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Weinan Xu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
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11
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Schneemann A, Dong R, Schwotzer F, Zhong H, Senkovska I, Feng X, Kaskel S. 2D framework materials for energy applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1600-1619. [PMID: 34163921 PMCID: PMC8179301 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05889k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years a massive increase in publications on conventional 2D materials (graphene, h-BN, MoS2) is documented, accompanied by the transfer of the 2D concept to porous (crystalline) materials, such as ordered 2D layered polymers, covalent-organic frameworks, and metal-organic frameworks. Over the years, the 3D frameworks have gained a lot of attention for use in applications, ranging from electronic devices to catalysis, and from information to separation technologies, mostly due to the modular construction concept and exceptionally high porosity. A key challenge lies in the implementation of these materials into devices arising from the deliberate manipulation of properties upon delamination of their layered counterparts, including an increase in surface area, higher diffusivity, better access to surface sites and a change in the band structure. Within this minireview, we would like to highlight recent achievements in the synthesis of 2D framework materials and their advantages for certain applications, and give some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schneemann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Friedrich Schwotzer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
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12
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Clemons TD, Stupp SI. Design of materials with supramolecular polymers. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 111:101310. [PMID: 33082608 PMCID: PMC7560124 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One hundred years ago Hermann Staudinger was strongly criticized by his scientific peers for his macromolecular hypothesis, but today it is hard to imagine a world without polymers. His hypothesis described polymers as macromolecules composed of large numbers of structural units connected by covalent bonds. In the 1990s the concept of supramolecular polymers emerged in the scientific literature as discrete entities of large molar mass comparable to that of classical polymers but built through non-covalent bonds among monomers. Supramolecular polymers exist in biological systems, and potentially blend the physical properties of covalent polymers with unique features such as high degrees of internal order within the polymeric structure, defined shapes, and novel dynamics. This trend article provides a summary of seminal contributions in supramolecular polymerization and provides recent examples from the Stupp laboratory to demonstrate the potential applications of an exciting class of materials composed fully or partially of supramolecular polymers. In closing, we provide our perspective on future opportunities provided by this field at the onset of a second century of polymers. It is our objective here to demonstrate that this second century could be as prosperous, if not more so, than the preceding one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan D Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL. 60611 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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13
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Hosono N, Mochizuki S, Hayashi Y, Uemura T. Unimolecularly thick monosheets of vinyl polymers fabricated in metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3573. [PMID: 32681039 PMCID: PMC7367882 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers with two-dimensional (2D) network topologies are currently gaining significant attention due to their unique properties that originate from their regulated conformations. However, in contrast to conventional 1D- and 3D-networked macromolecules, the synthesis of such 2D networks provides challenges for polymer chemists because of the nature of the networking polymerisation reaction, which occurs in a spatially random fashion when conventional solution-phase synthesis is performed. Here we report a versatile synthesis of polymeric monosheets with unimolecularly thick networking architectures by exploiting the 2D nanospaces of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as reaction templates. Crosslinking radical polymerisation in the 2D nanospaces of pillared-layer-type MOFs affords monosheets of typical vinyl polymers and can be carried out on the gram scale. Remarkably, the prepared polymer monosheets are highly soluble in organic solvents and show atypical thermal and rheological properties that result from their 2D-regulated conformations that cannot be adopted by their 1D or 3D analogues. Unlike 1D and 3D-networked macromolecules, the synthesis of 2D molecular networks is challenging because of the nature of the polymerisation reaction. Here the authors report the synthesis of polymeric monosheets with unimolecularly thick networks by exploiting the 2D nanospaces of metal–organic frameworks as reaction templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Hosono
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuto Mochizuki
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Hayashi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan. .,Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan. .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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14
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Stupp SI. On Supramolecular Self-Assembly: Interview with Samuel Stupp. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906741. [PMID: 31944415 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ranging from 2D assemblies to peptide amphiphile-based biomaterials, Prof. Samuel Stupp and his team have enriched the scientific community with many breakthroughs in the field of supramolecular self-assembly. This Interview offers the unique possibility to share some highlights along his journey, providing also a glimpse to his vision of the future of supramolecular chemistry. Interdisciplinarity is an integral part of Prof. Stupp's research philosophy, and, using his own words, "it is the only way to understand the complex universe around us and help society along the way". What a great guideline to us all!
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chemistry, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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15
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Dumele O, Chen J, Passarelli JV, Stupp SI. Supramolecular Energy Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907247. [PMID: 32162428 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is a bioinspired strategy to craft materials for renewable and clean energy technologies. In plants, the alignment and assembly of the light-harvesting protein machinery in the green leaf optimize the ability to efficiently convert light from the sun to form chemical bonds. In artificial systems, strategies based on self-assembly using noncovalent interactions offer the possibility to mimic this functional correlation among molecules to optimize photocatalysis, photovoltaics, and energy storage. One of the long-term objectives of the field described here as supramolecular energy materials is to learn how to design soft materials containing light-harvesting assemblies and catalysts to generate fuels and useful chemicals. Supramolecular energy materials also hold great potential in the design of systems for photovoltaics in which intermolecular interactions in self-assembled structures, for example, in electron donor and acceptor phases, maximize charge transport and avoid exciton recombination. Possible pathways to integrate organic and inorganic structures by templating strategies and electrodeposition to create materials relevant to energy challenges including photoconductors and supercapacitors are also described. The final topic discussed is the synthesis of hybrid perovskites in which organic molecules are used to modify both structure and functions, which may include chemical stability, photovoltaics, and light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dumele
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jiahao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - James V Passarelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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16
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Haase F, Lotsch BV. Solving the COF trilemma: towards crystalline, stable and functional covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8469-8500. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies in covalent organic frameworks and adjacent fields are highlighted for designing stable, ordered and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
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17
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Li Y, Gao H, Yu H, Jiang K, Yu H, Yang Y, Song Y, Zhang W, Shi H, Lu Z, Liu K. Two-dimensional polymers with versatile functionalities via gemini monomers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw9120. [PMID: 31803831 PMCID: PMC6874491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw9120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional synthetic polymers (2DSPs) are sheet-like macromolecules consisting of covalently linked repeat units in two directions. Access to 2DSPs with controlled size and shape and diverse functionality has been limited because of the need for monomers to retain their crystallinity throughout polymerization. Here, we describe a synthetic strategy for 2DSPs that obviates the need for crystallinity, via the free radical copolymerization of amphiphilic gemini monomers and their monomeric derivatives arranged in a bilayer at solid-liquid interfaces. The ease of this strategy allowed the preparation of 2DSPs with well-controlled size and shape and diverse functionality on solid templates composed of various materials with wide-ranging surface curvatures and dimensions. The resulting 2DSPs showed remarkable mechanical strength and have multiple applications, such as nanolithographic resist and antibacterial agent. The broad scope of this approach markedly expands the chemistry, morphology, and functionality of 2DSPs accessible for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Huan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hengchong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
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18
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On-water surface synthesis of crystalline, few-layer two-dimensional polymers assisted by surfactant monolayers. Nat Chem 2019; 11:994-1000. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Duan H, Lyu P, Liu J, Zhao Y, Xu Y. Semiconducting Crystalline Two-Dimensional Polyimide Nanosheets with Superior Sodium Storage Properties. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2473-2480. [PMID: 30747523 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficient synthesis of crystalline two-dimensional polymers (2DPs) with designed structures and properties is highly desired but remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of two-dimensional polyimide (2DPI) nanosheets via hydrogen-bond-induced preorganization and subsequent imidization reaction. The formed intermolecular hydrogen bonds can significantly improve the internal order and in-plane periodicity of 2DPI. The crystalline few-layer 2DPI nanosheets are micrometer-size, solvent dispersible, and thermally stable. Interestingly, the 2DPI with π-conjugation shows a favorable bandgap of 2.2 eV and can function as a p-type semiconducting layer in field-effect transistor devices with an appreciable mobility of 4.3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. Furthermore, when explored as a polymeric anode for sodium-ion batteries, the 2DPI exhibits ultrahigh capacity (312 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1), impressive rate capability (137 mAh g-1 at 10.0 A g-1), and excellent cycling stability (95% capacity retention after 1100 cycles) due to its robust 2D conjugated porous structure, outperforming most organic/polymeric anodes ever reported. This work provides a versatile strategy for synthesizing 2DP nanosheets with promising electronics and energy-related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Pengbo Lyu
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Charles University , Hlavova 2030 , Prague 2 12800 , Czech Republic
| | - Jingjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yuxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
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20
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Wang W, Schlüter AD. Synthetic 2D Polymers: A Critical Perspective and a Look into the Future. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800719. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Polymers; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Institute of Polymers; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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21
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Feng X, Schlüter AD. Towards Macroscopic Crystalline 2D Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13748-13763. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Department of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Fakultät Chemie und LebensmittelchemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Deutschland
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23
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Dong R, Zhang T, Feng X. Interface-Assisted Synthesis of 2D Materials: Trend and Challenges. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6189-6235. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry & Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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24
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Li Z, Tang M, Jiang C, Bai R, Bai W. Photoinduced Reversible Morphological Transformation of Azobenzene-Containing Pseudo-2D Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700880. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Miao Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Ruke Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- Institute of Material Science and Information Technology; Anhui University; Hefei 230601 P. R. China
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25
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26
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Feng X, Kawabata K, Whang DM, Osuji CO. Polymer Nanosheets from Supramolecular Assemblies of Conjugated Linoleic Acid-High Surface Area Adsorbents from Renewable Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:10690-10697. [PMID: 28885029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a strategy for robustly cross-linking self-assembled lamellar mesophases made from plant-derived materials to generate polymer nanosheets decorated with a high density of functional groups. We formulate a supramoleclar complex by hydrogen-bonding conjugated linoleic acid moieties to a structure-directing tribasic aromatic core. The resulting constructs self-assemble into a thermotropic lamellar mesophase. Photo-cross-linking the mesophase with the aid of an acrylate cross-linker yields a polymeric material with high-fidelity retention of the lamellar mesophase structure. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate the preservation of the large area, highly ordered layered nanostructures in the polymer. Subsequent extraction of the tribasic core and neutralization of the carboxyl groups by NaOH result in exfoliation of polymer nanosheets with a uniform thickness of ∼3 nm. The nanosheets have a large specific area of ∼800 m2/g, are decorated by negatively charged carboxylate groups at a density of 4 nm-2, and exhibit the ability to readily adsorb positively charged colloidal particles. The strategy as presented combines supramolecular self-assembly with the use of renewable or sustainably derived materials in a scalable manner. The resulting nanosheets have potential for use as adsorbents and, with further development, rheology modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunda Feng
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Dylan M Whang
- The Dalton School, 108 E 89th St., New York, New York 10128, United States
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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27
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Li Z, Tang M, Dai J, Wang T, Wang Z, Bai W, Bai R. Preparation of Covalent Pseudo-Two-Dimensional Polymers in Water by Free Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Li
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Miao Tang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Dai
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Taisheng Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ruke Bai
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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28
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Takeuchi M, Imai H, Oaki Y. Real-Time Imaging of 2D and 3D Temperature Distribution: Coating of Metal-Ion-Intercalated Organic Layered Composites with Tunable Stimuli-Responsive Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16546-16552. [PMID: 28448112 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Organic layered materials have intercalation and dynamic properties. The dynamic properties are tuned by the intercalation of the guests. In general, however, it is not easy to achieve the homogeneous and thin coating of the layered materials on substrates with complex shapes because of the two-dimensional anisotropic structures. In the present work, the layered organic composites were homogeneously coated on a variety of substrates for application to practical devices. The metal-ion-intercalated layered polydiacetylene (PDA-Mn+) with tunable stimuli-responsive color-change properties was coated on substrates, such as paper and cotton consisting of cellulose fibers. The homogeneous and thin coating of the precursor monomer crystal was achieved on the substrates through the controlled crystal growth. The intercalation and topochemical polymerization generated PDA-Mn+ on the substrates. The PDA-Mn+-coated devices visualized temperature distribution of two-dimensional surface and three-dimensional space in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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29
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Yu H, Alexander DTL, Aschauer U, Häner R. Synthesis of Responsive Two-Dimensional Polymers via Self-Assembled DNA Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5040-5044. [PMID: 28370933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing interest in two-dimensional polymers, their rational synthesis remains a challenge. The solution-phase synthesis of a two-dimensional polymer is reported. A DNA-based monomer self-assembles into a supramolecular network, which is further converted into the covalently linked two-dimensional polymer by anthracene dimerization. The polymers appear as uniform monolayers, as shown by AFM and TEM imaging. Furthermore, they exhibit a pronounced solvent responsivity. The results demonstrate the value of DNA-controlled self-assembly for the formation of two-dimensional polymers in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Duncan T L Alexander
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy (CIME), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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30
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Yu H, Alexander DTL, Aschauer U, Häner R. Synthesis of Responsive Two-Dimensional Polymers via Self-Assembled DNA Networks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Duncan T. L. Alexander
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy (CIME); Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Bern; Freiestrasse 3 3012 Bern Switzerland
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31
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Lange RZ, Hofer G, Weber T, Schlüter AD. A Two-Dimensional Polymer Synthesized through Topochemical [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition on the Multigram Scale. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2053-2059. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Z. Lange
- Institute
of Polymers and ‡X-ray Platform, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hofer
- Institute
of Polymers and ‡X-ray Platform, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Weber
- Institute
of Polymers and ‡X-ray Platform, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Institute
of Polymers and ‡X-ray Platform, Department of Materials, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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32
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Itoh T, Morita E, Takakura R, Nakajima H, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Miyata M. Formation of Bundle Assemblies of Stereoregular Polymers in Thermal Solid-State Polymerization of 7,7,8,8-Tetrakis(aryloxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Division
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577
Kurima Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Erica Morita
- Division
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577
Kurima Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ryohei Takakura
- Division
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577
Kurima Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakajima
- Division
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577
Kurima Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Division
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577
Kurima Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Division
of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577
Kurima Machiya-cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiji Miyata
- Department of Material
and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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33
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Yu Z, Tantakitti F, Yu T, Palmer LC, Schatz GC, Stupp SI. Simultaneous covalent and noncovalent hybrid polymerizations. Science 2016; 351:497-502. [PMID: 26823427 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Covalent and supramolecular polymers are two distinct forms of soft matter, composed of long chains of covalently and noncovalently linked structural units, respectively. We report a hybrid system formed by simultaneous covalent and supramolecular polymerizations of monomers. The process yields cylindrical fibers of uniform diameter that contain covalent and supramolecular compartments, a morphology not observed when the two polymers are formed independently. The covalent polymer has a rigid aromatic imine backbone with helicoidal conformation, and its alkylated peptide side chains are structurally identical to the monomer molecules of supramolecular polymers. In the hybrid system, covalent chains grow to higher average molar mass relative to chains formed via the same polymerization in the absence of a supramolecular compartment. The supramolecular compartments can be reversibly removed and re-formed to reconstitute the hybrid structure, suggesting soft materials with novel delivery or repair functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Faifan Tantakitti
- Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Liam C Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, 303 East Superior Street, 11th floor, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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34
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Yang Y, Wang D, Wu Y, Tian X, Qin H, Hu L, Zhang T, Ni W, Jin J. 2D Confined-Space Assisted Growth of Molecular-Level-Thick Polypyrrole Sheets with High Conductivity and Transparency. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:590-6. [PMID: 26833631 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the use of a 2D soft template system composed of hundred-nanometer-thick water/ethanol mixed layers sandwiched by lamellar bilayer membranes of a self-assembled amphiphilic molecule to produce ultrathin polyprrole (PPy) with a uniform thickness as thin as 3.8 nm and with large dimensions (>2 μm(2)) is presented. The obtained PPy nanosheets exhibit regioregularity with ordered chain alignment where the polymer chains in the nanosheets produced are well aligned with a clear interchain spacing as confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement. The molecular-level-thick PPy nanosheets exhibit extremely high conductivity up to 1330 S m(-1), thanks to the ordered alignment of polymer chains in the nanosheets, and a high transparency in both the visible region (transmittance >99%) and near-infrared region (transmittance >93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China.,Nano-Bionics Division and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Nano-Bionics Division and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongjin Wu
- Nano-Bionics Division and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.,Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaorui Tian
- Nano-Bionics Division and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haili Qin
- Dr. H. Qin, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- Nano-Bionics Division and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Nano-Bionics Division and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weihai Ni
- Nano-Bionics Division and i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
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35
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Abstract
Elaborately designed synthetic multiblock molecules and copolymers are able to undergo folding like biological macromolecules and form controlled and compartmentalized self-assemblies that exert characteristic functions in solution, the crystalline state, and membranous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Muraoka
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
- PRESTO
| | - Kazushi Kinbara
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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36
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SAKAMOTO J, SHINKAI S. Rational Synthesis of 2D Polymers Towards Designer Nanosheets. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2016. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.2015-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junji SAKAMOTO
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT)
| | - Seiji SHINKAI
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Systems, Information Technologies and Nanotechnologies (ISIT)
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyushu University
- Department of Nanoscience, Faculty of Engineering, Sojo University
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37
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Payamyar P, King BT, Öttinger HC, Schlüter AD. Two-dimensional polymers: concepts and perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:18-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07381b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The emerging class of 2D polymers is explored from physicochemical, synthetic, and analytical viewpoints. Prospects for their properties are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Payamyar
- Department of Materials
- Institute of Polymers
- Polymer Chemistry
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- ETH Zurich
| | | | - Hans Christian Öttinger
- Department of Materials
- Institute of Polymers
- Polymer Physics
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- ETH Zurich
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Department of Materials
- Institute of Polymers
- Polymer Chemistry
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
- ETH Zurich
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38
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Vargas-Lara F, Hassan AM, Garboczi EJ, Douglas JF. Intrinsic conductivity of carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets having a realistic geometry. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:204902. [PMID: 26627970 PMCID: PMC4879685 DOI: 10.1063/1.4935970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets (GSs) into polymeric materials can greatly enhance the conductivity and alter the electromagnetic response of the resulting nanocomposite material. The extent of these property modifications strongly depends on the structural parameters describing the CNTs and GSs, such as their shape and size, as well as their degree of particle dispersion within the polymeric matrix. To model these property modifications in the dilute particle regime, we determine the leading transport virial coefficients describing the conductivity of CNT and GS composites using a combination of molecular dynamics, path-integral, and finite-element calculations. This approach allows for the treatment of the general situation in which the ratio between the conductivity of the nanoparticles and the polymer matrix is arbitrary so that insulating, semi-conductive, and conductive particles can be treated within a unified framework. We first generate ensembles of CNTs and GSs in the form of self-avoiding worm-like cylinders and perfectly flat and random sheet polymeric structures by using molecular dynamics simulation to model the geometrical shapes of these complex-shaped carbonaceous nanoparticles. We then use path-integral and finite element methods to calculate the electric and magnetic polarizability tensors (αE, αM) of the CNT and GS nanoparticles. These properties determine the conductivity virial coefficient σ in the conductive and insulating particle limits, which are required to estimate σ in the general case in which the conductivity contrast Δ between the nanoparticle and the polymer matrix is arbitrary. Finally, we propose approximate relationships for αE and αM that should be useful in materials design and characterization applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vargas-Lara
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Materials and Structural Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Edward J Garboczi
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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39
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Boott CE, Nazemi A, Manners I. Synthetische kovalente und nichtkovalente zweidimensionale Materialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Boott
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS (Großbritannien)
| | - Ali Nazemi
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS (Großbritannien)
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS (Großbritannien)
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40
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Synthetic Covalent and Non-Covalent 2D Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13876-94. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Cai SL, Zhang WG, Zuckermann RN, Li ZT, Zhao X, Liu Y. The Organic Flatland-Recent Advances in Synthetic 2D Organic Layers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5762-5770. [PMID: 25735971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin, 2D organic layers of sub-ten nanometer thicknesses and high aspect ratios have received a great deal of attention for their graphene-like topological features and emerging properties. Rational synthetic strategies have led to the realization of periodic 2D layers with unprecedented structural precision. Herein, recent progress on the synthesis of 2D organic layers, including methods based on both non-covalent and covalent interactions, is summarized, and potential applications are highlighted. Such 2D organic nanostructures have a brilliant future as prospective multifunctional materials, showing great promise as platforms for engineering novel optoelectronic, interfacial, and bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Liang Cai
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ronald N Zuckermann
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
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42
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Wang Z, Randazzo K, Hou X, Simpson J, Struppe J, Ugrinov A, Kastern B, Wysocki E, Chu QR. Stereoregular Two-Dimensional Polymers Constructed by Topochemical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Katelyn Randazzo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Jeffrey Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jochem Struppe
- Bruker Biospin Ltd., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, United States
| | - Brent Kastern
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Erin Wysocki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Qianli R. Chu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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43
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Nguyen KT, Battisti A, Ancora D, Sciortino F, De Michele C. Self-assembly of mesogenic bent-core DNA nanoduplexes. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:2934-2944. [PMID: 25793909 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01571a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Short cylinder-like DNA duplexes, comprising 6 to 20 base pairs, self-assemble into semi-flexible chains, due to coaxial stacking interactions between their blunt ends. The mutual alignment of these chains gives rise to macroscopically orientationally ordered liquid crystal phases. Interestingly, experiments show that the isotropic-nematic phase boundary is sequence-dependent. We perform all-atom simulations of several sequences to gain insights into the structural properties of the duplex and correlate the resulting geometric properties with the observed location of the isotropic-nematic phase boundary. We identify in the duplex bending the key parameter for explaining the sequence dependence, suggesting that DNA duplexes can be assimilated to bent-core mesogens. We also develop a coarse-grained model for the different DNA duplexes to evaluate in detail how bending affects the persistence length and excluded volume of the aggregates. This information is fed into a recently developed formalism to predict the isotropic-nematic phase boundary for bent-core mesogens. The theoretical results agree with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Thuy Nguyen
- Dipartimento di Fisica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
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44
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Zhuang X, Mai Y, Wu D, Zhang F, Feng X. Two-dimensional soft nanomaterials: a fascinating world of materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:403-27. [PMID: 25155302 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of graphene has triggered great interest in two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for scientists in chemistry, physics, materials science, and related areas. In the family of newly developed 2D nanostructured materials, 2D soft nanomaterials, including graphene, Bx Cy Nz nanosheets, 2D polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and 2D supramolecular organic nanostructures, possess great advantages in light-weight, structural control and flexibility, diversity of fabrication approaches, and so on. These merits offer 2D soft nanomaterials a wide range of potential applications, such as in optoelectronics, membranes, energy storage and conversion, catalysis, sensing, biotechnology, etc. This review article provides an overview of the development of 2D soft nanomaterials, with special highlights on the basic concepts, molecular design principles, and primary synthesis approaches in the context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan RD, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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45
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Cramer AD, Gambinossi F, Wischerhoff E, Laschewsky A, Miller R, Ferri JK. Flexible thermoresponsive nanomembranes at the aqueous–air interface. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:877-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07359b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive freestanding nanomembranes were grown by surface-initiated polymerization at the aqueous–air interface of a pendant drop. We demonstrate formation of liquid-like interfaces supporting anisotropic stress and mechanical flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D. Cramer
- Lafayette College
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Easton
- USA
| | - Filippo Gambinossi
- Lafayette College
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Easton
- USA
| | - Erik Wischerhoff
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research
- D-14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
| | - André Laschewsky
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research
- D-14476 Potsdam-Golm
- Germany
- University of Potsdam
- Institute of Chemistry
| | - Reinhard Miller
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- D-14424 Potsdam/Golm
- Germany
| | - James K. Ferri
- Lafayette College
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Easton
- USA
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46
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Palma CA, Ciesielski A, Öner MA, Schaeffer G, Lehn JM, Barth JV, Samorì P. Two-dimensional soft supramolecular networks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17297-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07204b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Soft networks are self-assembled at the solid/liquid interface and characterized by local disorder arising from multivalent flexible intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- ISIS & icFRC
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Murat Anil Öner
- Physik-Department E20
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Gaël Schaeffer
- ISIS & icFRC
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- ISIS & icFRC
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physik-Department E20
- Technische Universität München
- D-85748 Garching
- Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- ISIS & icFRC
- Université de Strasbourg & CNRS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
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47
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Payamyar P, Servalli M, Hungerland T, Schütz AP, Zheng Z, Borgschulte A, Schlüter AD. Approaching Two-Dimensional Copolymers: Photoirradiation of Anthracene- and Diaza-Anthracene-Bearing Monomers in Langmuir Monolayers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 36:151-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Payamyar
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Marco Servalli
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Tim Hungerland
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andri P. Schütz
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Zhikun Zheng
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Andreas Borgschulte
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology; Überlandstrasse 129 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry; Department of Materials; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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48
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Elias HG. Molecular Engineering. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527627219.ch16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Qi H, Wang W, Li CY. Janus Polymer Single Crystal Nanosheet via Evaporative Crystallization. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:675-678. [PMID: 35590767 DOI: 10.1021/mz5002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We show that liquid/liquid interface can guide polymer chain folding during crystallization. Evaporation-induced crystallization of telechelic dicarboxyl end-functionalized poly(ε-caprolactone) (COOH-PCL-COOH) at a water/pentyl acetate interface produced millimeter-scale, uniform polymer single crystal (PSC) films. Due to the asymmetric nature at the interface, the PSC nanosheets exhibited a Janus structure: the two surfaces of the crystal showed distinct water contact angle, which are quantitatively confirmed by in situ nanocondensation using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qi
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wenda Wang
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher Y. Li
- Department of Materials Science
and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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50
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Rizis G, van de Ven TGM, Eisenberg A. “Raft” Formation by Two-Dimensional Self-Assembly of Block Copolymer Rod Micelles in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9000-3. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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