1
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Krasley A, Li E, Galeana JM, Bulumulla C, Beyene AG, Demirer GS. Carbon Nanomaterial Fluorescent Probes and Their Biological Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3085-3185. [PMID: 38478064 PMCID: PMC10979413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon nanomaterials have broadly useful chemical and photophysical attributes that are conducive to applications in biology. In this review, we focus on materials whose photophysics allow for the use of these materials in biomedical and environmental applications, with emphasis on imaging, biosensing, and cargo delivery. The review focuses primarily on graphitic carbon nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, carbon nanotubes, as well as carbon dots and carbon nanohoops. Recent advances in and future prospects of these fields are discussed at depth, and where appropriate, references to reviews pertaining to older literature are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew
T. Krasley
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Eugene Li
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jesus M. Galeana
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chandima Bulumulla
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Abraham G. Beyene
- Janelia
Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Gozde S. Demirer
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Huang Z. Chemical Patterning on Nanocarbons: Functionality Typewriting. Molecules 2023; 28:8104. [PMID: 38138593 PMCID: PMC10745949 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocarbon materials have become extraordinarily compelling for their significant potential in the cutting-edge science and technology. These materials exhibit exceptional physicochemical properties due to their distinctive low-dimensional structures and tailored surface characteristics. An attractive direction at the forefront of this field involves the spatially resolved chemical functionalization of a diverse range of nanocarbons, encompassing carbon nanotubes, graphene, and a myriad of derivative structures. In tandem with the technological leaps in lithography, these endeavors have fostered the creation of a novel class of nanocarbon materials with finely tunable physical and chemical attributes, and programmable multi-functionalities, paving the way for new applications in fields such as nanoelectronics, sensing, photonics, and quantum technologies. Our review examines the swift and dynamic advancements in nanocarbon chemical patterning. Key breakthroughs and future opportunities are highlighted. This review not only provides an in-depth understanding of this fast-paced field but also helps to catalyze the rational design of advanced next-generation nanocarbon-based materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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3
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Biglarbeigi P, Morelli A, Pauly S, Yu Z, Jiang W, Sharma S, Finlay D, Kumar A, Soin N, Payam AF. Unraveling Spatiotemporal Transient Dynamics at the Nanoscale via Wavelet Transform-Based Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21506-21517. [PMID: 37877266 PMCID: PMC10655243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic probing of surface potential changes arising from dynamic charge transport is the key to understanding and engineering increasingly complex nanoscale materials and devices. Spatiotemporal averaging in conventional heterodyne detection-based Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) inherently limits its time resolution, causing an irretrievable loss of transient response and higher-order harmonics. Addressing this, we report a wavelet transform (WT)-based methodology capable of quantifying the sub-ms charge dynamics and probing the elusive transient response. The feedback-free, open-loop wavelet transform KPFM (OL-WT-KPFM) technique harnesses the WT's ability to simultaneously extract spatial and temporal information from the photodetector signal to provide a dynamic mapping of surface potential, capacitance gradient, and dielectric constant at a temporal resolution 3 orders of magnitude higher than the lock-in time constant. We further demonstrate the method's applicability to explore the surface-photovoltage-induced sub-ms hole-diffusion transient in bismuth oxyiodide semiconductor. The OL-WT-KPFM concept is readily applicable to commercial systems and can provide the underlying basis for the real-time analysis of transient electronic and electrochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardis Biglarbeigi
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
- School
of Science and Engineering, University of
Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4NH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alessio Morelli
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Serene Pauly
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Zidong Yu
- Institute
for Materials Research and Innovation (IMRI), University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3
5AB, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjun Jiang
- College
of Transportation Engineering, Dalian Maritime
University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- Centre
for New Energy Transition Research Technologies (CfNETR), Federation University Australia, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria 3810, Australia
| | - Dewar Finlay
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Amit Kumar
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s
University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Navneet Soin
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
- School of
Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology,
P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Amir Farokh Payam
- Nanotechnology
and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), School of Engineering, Ulster University, York Street, Belfast BT15 1AP, Co. Antrim, Northern
Ireland, United Kingdom
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4
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Xu L, Jiao X, Shi C, Wu AP, Hou PX, Liu C, Cheng HM. Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Copper Core-Shell Fibers with a High Specific Electrical Conductivity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9245-9254. [PMID: 37129039 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)/Cu core-shell fibers are a promising material for lightweight conductors due to their higher conductivity than pure CNT fibers and lower density than traditional Cu wires. However, the electrical properties of the hybrid fiber have been unsatisfactory, mainly because of the weak CNT-Cu interfacial interaction. Here we report the fabrication of a single-walled CNT (SWCNT)/Cu core-shell fiber that outperforms commercial Cu wires in terms of specific electrical conductivity and current carrying capacity. A dense and uniform Cu shell was coated on the surface of wet-spun SWCNT fibers using a combination of magnetron sputtering and electrochemical deposition. Our SWCNT/Cu core-shell fibers had an ultrahigh specific electrical conductivity of (1.01 ± 0.04) × 104 S m2 kg-1, 56% higher than Cu. Experimental and simulation results show that oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of a wet-spun SWCNT fiber interact with the sputtered Cu atoms to produce strong bonding. Our hybrid fiber preserved its integrity and conductivity well after more than 5000 bending cycles. Furthermore, the current carrying capacity of the coaxial fiber reached 3.14 × 105 A cm-2, three times that of commercial Cu wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeLe Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - XinYu Jiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - An-Ping Wu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 230026, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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5
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Zhang Y, Li F, Dong J, Jia K, Sun T, Xu L. Recent advances in designing efficient electrocatalysts for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction to formic acid/formate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Nishihara T, Takakura A, Matsui K, Itami K, Miyauchi Y. Statistical Verification of Anomaly in Chiral Angle Distribution of Air-Suspended Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:5818-5824. [PMID: 35802861 PMCID: PMC9335874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have long attracted attention due to their distinct physical properties, depending on their chiral structures (chiralities). Clarifying their growth mechanism is important toward perfect chirality-controlled bulk synthesis. Although a correlation between the chirality distribution and the carbon atom configuration at an open tube edge has been predicted theoretically, lack of sufficient statistical data on metallic and semiconducting SWCNTs prohibited its verification. Here, we report statistical verification of the chirality distribution of 413 as-grown individual air-suspended SWCNTs with a length of over 20 μm using broadband Rayleigh spectroscopy. After excluding the impact of the difference in the number of possible SWCNT structures per chiral angle interval, the abundance profile with chiral angle exhibits an increasing trend with a distinct anomaly at a chiral angle of approximately 20°. These results are well explained considering the growth rate depending on armchair-shaped site configurations at the catalyst-nanotube interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nishihara
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Akira Takakura
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Matsui
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuhei Miyauchi
- JST-ERATO,
Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya
University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate
School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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7
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Lo Faro MJ, Leonardi AA, Morganti D, Conoci S, Fazio B, Irrera A. Hybrid Platforms of Silicon Nanowires and Carbon Nanotubes in an Ionic Liquid Bucky Gel. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144412. [PMID: 35889284 PMCID: PMC9320466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires (NWs) are appealing building blocks for low-cost novel concept devices with improved performances. In this research paper, we realized a hybrid platform combining an array of vertically oriented Si NWs with different types of bucky gels, obtained from carbon nanotubes (CNT) dispersed into an ionic liquid (IL) matrix. Three types of CNT bucky gels were obtained from imidazolium-based ionic liquids (BMIM-I, BIMI-BF4, and BMIM-Tf2N) and semiconductive CNTs, whose structural and optical responses to the hybrid platforms were analyzed and compared. We investigated the electrical response of the IL-CNT/NW hybrid junctions in dark and under illumination for each platform and its correlation to the ionic liquid characteristics and charge mobility. The reported results confirm the attractiveness of such IL-CNT/NW hybrid platforms as novel light-responsive materials for photovoltaic applications. In particular, our best performing cell reported a short-circuit current density of 5.6 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage of 0.53 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Lo Faro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (A.A.L.)
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Antonio Alessio Leonardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.J.L.F.); (A.A.L.)
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Dario Morganti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sabrina Conoci
- CNR-IMM UoS Catania, Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy;
- URT LAB SENS, Beyond Nano—CNR, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazio
- URT LAB SENS, Beyond Nano—CNR, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (A.I.)
| | - Alessia Irrera
- URT LAB SENS, Beyond Nano—CNR, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 5, 98166 Messina, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (A.I.)
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8
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Sheng J, Li Y. Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Oxygen Electrocatalytic Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20455-20462. [PMID: 34346228 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen electrocatalytic reactions are essential for fuel cells and metal-air batteries. With their unique structure and properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have found important applications in both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions. Herein, this perspective discusses the advantages and the recent progress of using CNTs as metal-free catalysts, catalyst supports, and free-standing electrodes in electrocatalysts. The future research directions and challenges toward the practical applications of CNT-based catalysts are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Influence of Ionomer and Cyanuric Acid on Antistatic, Mechanical, Thermal, and Rheological Properties of Extruded Carbon Nanotube (CNT)/Polyoxymethylene (POM) Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091849. [PMID: 35567019 PMCID: PMC9102448 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrical properties of carbon-based filler-embedded polymer nanocomposites are essential for various applications such as antistatic and electromagnetic interference (EMI) applications. In this study, the impact of additives (i.e., ethylene-co-acid-co-sodium acid copolymer-based ionomer and cyanuric acid) on the antistatic, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of extruded multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polyoxymethylene (POM) nanocomposites were systematically investigated. The effects of each additive and the combination of additives were examined. Despite a slight reduction in mechanical properties, the incorporation of ionomer (coating on CNTs) and/or cyanuric acid (π-π interaction between CNTs and cyanuric acid) into the POM/CNT nanocomposites improved the CNT dispersity in the POM matrix, thereby enhancing electrical properties such as the electrical conductivity (and surface resistance) and electrical conductivity monodispersity. The optimum composition for the highest electrical properties was determined to be POM/1.5 wt% CNT/3.0 wt% ionomer/0.5 wt% cyanuric acid. The nanocomposites with tunable electrical properties are sought after, especially for antistatic and EMI applications such as electronic device-fixing jigs.
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10
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Mansouri M, Rezagholipour Dizaji H, Saeidi MR, Mirzaheydari A, Vaezzadeh M. Interplay Between Competition Pinch Effect and Repulsion Force in Carbon Nanotubes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x22500053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Song Y, Di J, Jia Y, Yong Z, Xu J. Temperature-dependent resistance of carbon nanotube fibers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:235704. [PMID: 35235915 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac59e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube fibers are highly recommended in the field of temperature sensor application owing to their excellent electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Here, this work demonstrated the rapid thermal response behaviour of CNT fibers fabricated by floating catalyst CVD method, which was measured by anin situtechnique based on the CNT film electric heater with excellent electrothermal response properties. The temperature dependences of resistance and structure were both explored. Experimental investigation indicates that the reduction in the inter-CNT interspace in the fibers caused by thermally driven actuation was dominantly responsible for the decrease of the fibers resistance during the heating process. Especially, the heated fibers showed 7.2% decrease in electrical resistance at the applied square-wave voltage of 8 V, and good temperature sensitivity (-0.15% °C-1). The as-prepared CNT fibers also featured a rapid and reversible electrical resistance response behaviour when exposed to external heating stimulation. Additionally, with the increment of temperature and twist-degree, the generated contraction actuation increased, which endowed the CNT fibers with more decrease in electrical resistance. These observations further suggested that the temperature-dependent conduction behavior of the CNT fibers with a high reversibility and repeatability was strongly correlated with their structure response to heat stimulation. As a consequence, the temperature-conduction behavior described here may be applied in other CNT-structured fibers and facilitated the improvement in their temperature-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Song
- COMAC Beijing Aircraft Technology Research Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Structures and Composite Material, Beijing 102211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Di
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications and Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinlei Jia
- COMAC Beijing Aircraft Technology Research Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Structures and Composite Material, Beijing 102211, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhong Yong
- Key Lab of Nanodevices and Applications and Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Xu
- COMAC Beijing Aircraft Technology Research Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Civil Aircraft Structures and Composite Material, Beijing 102211, People's Republic of China
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12
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Guo Y, Shi E, Zhu J, Shen PC, Wang J, Lin Y, Mao Y, Deng S, Li B, Park JH, Lu AY, Zhang S, Ji Q, Li Z, Qiu C, Qiu S, Li Q, Dou L, Wu Y, Zhang J, Palacios T, Cao A, Kong J. Soft-lock drawing of super-aligned carbon nanotube bundles for nanometre electrical contacts. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:278-284. [PMID: 35058655 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into high-density horizontal arrays is strongly desired for practical applications, but challenges remain despite myriads of research efforts. Herein, we developed a non-destructive soft-lock drawing method to achieve ultraclean single-walled CNT arrays with a very high degree of alignment (angle standard deviation of ~0.03°). These arrays contained a large portion of nanometre-sized CNT bundles, yielding a high packing density (~400 µm-1) and high current carrying capacity (∼1.8 × 108 A cm-2). This alignment strategy can be generally extended to diverse substrates or sources of raw single-walled CNTs. Significantly, the assembled CNT bundles were used as nanometre electrical contacts of high-density monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) transistors, exhibiting high current density (~38 µA µm-1), low contact resistance (~1.6 kΩ µm), excellent device-to-device uniformity and highly reduced device areas (0.06 µm2 per device), demonstrating their potential for future electronic devices and advanced integration technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Institute of Frontier Technology, College of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Jiadi Zhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pin-Chun Shen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jiangtao Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yunwei Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shibin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Baini Li
- Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ang-Yu Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Ji
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Chenguang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Qiu
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Division of Advanced Nano-Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tomás Palacios
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Anyuan Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jing Kong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Zhang Z, Jiang W, Xie X, Liang H, Chen H, Chen K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Chen M. Recent Developments of Nanomaterials in Hydrogels: Characteristics, Influences, and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Xinmin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Haiqing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- School of Qilu Transportation Shandong University Jinan 250002 China
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14
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Self-assembly behavior of ultra-high molecular weight in-situ anionically synthesized polymer matrix composite materials “grafted from” single- or multi-wall CNTs. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Bulmer JS, Kaniyoor A, Elliott JA. A Meta-Analysis of Conductive and Strong Carbon Nanotube Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008432. [PMID: 34278614 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A study of 1304 data points collated over 266 papers statistically evaluates the relationships between carbon nanotube (CNT) material characteristics, including: electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties; ampacity; density; purity; microstructure alignment; molecular dimensions and graphitic perfection; and doping. Compared to conductive polymers and graphitic intercalation compounds, which have exceeded the electrical conductivity of copper, CNT materials are currently one-sixth of copper's conductivity, mechanically on-par with synthetic or carbon fibers, and exceed all the other materials in terms of a multifunctional metric. Doped, aligned few-wall CNTs (FWCNTs) are the most superior CNT category; from this, the acid-spun fiber subset are the most conductive, and the subset of fibers directly spun from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition are strongest on a weight basis. The thermal conductivity of multiwall CNT material rivals that of FWCNT materials. Ampacity follows a diameter-dependent power-law from nanometer to millimeter scales. Undoped, aligned FWCNT material reaches the intrinsic conductivity of CNT bundles and single-crystal graphite, illustrating an intrinsic limit requiring doping for copper-level conductivities. Comparing an assembly of CNTs (forming mesoscopic bundles, then macroscopic material) to an assembly of graphene (forming single-crystal graphite crystallites, then carbon fiber), the ≈1 µm room-temperature, phonon-limited mean-free-path shared between graphene, metallic CNTs, and activated semiconducting CNTs is highlighted, deemphasizing all metallic helicities for CNT power transmission applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Bulmer
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Adarsh Kaniyoor
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - James A Elliott
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
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16
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Zhao Z, Zhan S, Feng L, Liu C, Ahlquist MSG, Wu X, Fan K, Li F, Sun L. Molecular Engineering of Photocathodes based on Polythiophene Organic Semiconductors for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40602-40611. [PMID: 34403243 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors provide significant potentials for the construction of photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells for solar hydrogen production because of their highly tunable properties. Herein, on carbon fiber paper (CFP) surface, pyridyl (Py), and 4,4'-bipyridin-1-ium (Py2+) groups were introduced into polythiophene (pTH) semiconductor by electrochemical copolymerization, respectively. After assembly with the Co(dmgBF2)2 type catalyst (CoB, dmgBF2 = difluoroboryldimethylglyoximate), the CoB@Py2+-pTH/CFP photocathode displayed nearly twice the photocurrent enhancement (550 μA cm-2 at 0.15 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode, RHE) comparing to that generated by the CoB@Py-pTH/CFP photocathode (290 μA cm-2 at 0.15 V vs RHE) for light-driven H2 generation under AM 1.5 solar illumination. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that the introduction of the positively charged pyridinium groups could improve the intrinsic Co(dmgBF2)2 catalyst activity for the H2 generation reaction. Meanwhile, the positively charged pyridinium groups serve as p-type dopants to increase the semiconductor bulk charge transfer rate and act as electron transfer mediators to promote the interfacial charge transfer kinetics between the catalyst and the pTH-based organic semiconductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqi Zhan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Mårten S G Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ke Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024 Hangzhou, P. R. China
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17
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Characterizations of Polypropylene/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites Prepared by the Novel Melt Processing Technique with a Controlled Residence Time. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melt processing is considered one of the favored techniques to produce polymer nanocomposites with various inorganic fillers such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Due to their superior conductivity and tensile properties, among others, CNTs have been applied in broad applications. When a low filler fraction is desired, a high degree of dispersion is required in order to benefit from the intrinsic properties of CNTs. However, due to their high cohesive energy, dispersing CNTs in polymer melts is a difficult task. This study employed the melt mixing technique with a controlled residence time of 20 min to disperse single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into a polypropylene matrix. The composites were prepared by using a corotating twin-screw extruder equipped with a back-conveying element with varying amounts of SWNTs from 0.29 to 6.56 wt.%. Mechanical, electrical, morphological, and rheological properties were evaluated. Due to the filler effect, storage, loss modulus, and complex viscosity increased with the SWNT content. Based on the van Gurp–Palmen plot, 0.29 wt.% SWNTs was the rheological percolation threshold, and the electrical property measurement revealed a 1.4 wt.% SWNT electrical percolation threshold based on the statistical percolation theory. Relatively large agglomerates were found when the SWNT content increased more than 1.28 wt.%.
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18
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Rojas JA, Paula Santos LF, Botelho EC, Ribeiro B, Rezende MC. Morphological, mechanical, and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness characteristics of glass fiber/epoxy resin/
MWCNT
buckypaper composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jefersson Alexander Rojas
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Paula Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Materials and Technology Department School of Engineering Guaratinguetá Brazil
| | - Edson Cocchieri Botelho
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Materials and Technology Department School of Engineering Guaratinguetá Brazil
| | - Bruno Ribeiro
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology São José dos Campos Brazil
| | - Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology São José dos Campos Brazil
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19
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Herrera-Carbajal A, Rodríguez-Lugo V, Hernández-Ávila J, Sánchez-Castillo A. A theoretical study on the electronic, structural and optical properties of armchair, zigzag and chiral silicon-germanium nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13075-13086. [PMID: 34042934 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have studied infinite size silicon-germanium alloy nanotubes of several types, armchair, zigzag and chiral, by theoretical analysis based on density functional theory as implemented in the SIESTA code, which utilizes a linear combination of atomic orbitals and a generalized gradient approximation proposed by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) for the exchange and correlation energy. The structures were relaxed until the atomic forces were less than 0.0001 eV Å-1. The electronic band structure, density of states and cohesive energy were then computed; the optical calculation was run in between 0 and 6 eV, with a broadening of 0.05 eV. The obtained results exhibit the deformation of the structure on the surface, which seems to be related to its stability. The armchair and zigzag tubes are direct band gap semiconductor materials, while chiral nanotubes shift from indirect to direct bandgap semiconductors, depending on their diameter size. Likewise, the bandgap depends on the diameter of the SiGe nanotubes (SiGeNTs). We have associated the absorption curves and the density of states through Van Hove singularities. In summary, our results on the structural and electronic properties of SiGeNTs elucidate their possible applications in thermoelectrics, photovoltaics and nanoelectronics, while the possibility of associating the absorption curves with the density of states provides a method of characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Herrera-Carbajal
- Area Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Ventura Rodríguez-Lugo
- Area Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Juan Hernández-Ávila
- Area Academica de Ciencias de la Tierra y Materiales, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo C.P. 42184, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Sánchez-Castillo
- Escuela Superior de Apan, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Apan-Calpulalpan km 8, Apan, Hidalgo C.P 43920, Mexico.
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20
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Tian Y, Guo N, Wang WY, Geng W, Jing LC, Wang T, Yuan XT, Zhu Z, Ma Y, Geng HZ. Bilayer and three dimensional conductive network composed by SnCl 2 reduced rGO with CNTs and GO applied in transparent conductive films. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9891. [PMID: 33972640 PMCID: PMC8110960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have their own advantages in electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties. An effective combination of these materials is ideal for preparing transparent conductive films to replace the traditional indium tin oxide films. At present, the preparation conditions of rGO are usually harsh and some of them have toxic effects. In this paper, an SnCl2/ethanol solution was selected as the reductant because it requires mild reaction conditions and no harmful products are produced. The whole process of rGO preparation was convenient, fast and environmentally friendly. Then, SEM, XPS, Raman, and XRD were used to verify the high reduction efficiency. CNTs were introduced to improve the film conductive property. The transmittance and sheet resistance were the criteria used to choose the reduction time and the content ratios of GO/CNT. Thanks to the post-treatment of nitric acid, not only the by-product (SnO2) and dispersant in the film are removed, but also the doping effect occurs, which are all conducive to reducing the sheet resistances of films. Ultimately, by combining rGO, GO and CNTs, transparent conductive films with a bilayer and three-dimensional structure were prepared, and they exhibited high transmittance and low sheet resistance (58.8 Ω/sq. at 83.45 T%, 47.5 Ω/sq. at 79.07 T%), with corresponding [Formula: see text] values of 33.8 and 31.8, respectively. In addition, GO and rGO can modify the surface and reduce the film surface roughness. The transparent conductive films are expected to be used in photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Ning Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Wen-Yi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Wenming Geng
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300382, China
| | - Li-Chao Jing
- Carbon Star Technology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300382, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zeru Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yicheng Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hong-Zhang Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Material Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
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21
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Carbon Nanotubes and Their Composites: From Synthesis to Applications. ENGINEERING MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62761-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Hansson J, Nylander A, Flygare M, Svensson K, Ye L, Nilsson T, Fu Y, Liu J. Effects of high temperature treatment of carbon nanotube arrays on graphite: increased crystallinity, anchoring and inter-tube bonding. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:455708. [PMID: 32454479 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab9677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can significantly improve their mechanical, electrical and thermal properties due to reduced defects and increased crystallinity. In this work we investigate the effect of annealing at 3000 °C of vertically aligned CNT arrays synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on graphite. Raman measurements show a drastically reduced amount of defects and, together with transmission electron microscope (TEM) diffraction measurements, an increased average crystallite size of around 50%, which corresponds to a 124% increase in Young's modulus. We also find a tendency for CNTs to bond to each other with van der Waals (vdW) forces, which causes individual CNTs to closely align with each other. This bonding causes a densification effect on the entire CNT array, which appears at temperatures >1000 °C. The densification onset temperature corresponds to the thermal decomposition of oxygen containing functional groups, which otherwise prevents close enough contact for vdW bonding. Finally, the remaining CVD catalyst on the bottom of the CNT array is evaporated during annealing, enabling direct anchoring of the CNTs to the underlying graphite substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Hansson
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 58 Göteborg, Sweden
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23
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Relationship between Viscosity, Microstructure and Electrical Conductivity in Copolyamide Hot Melt Adhesives Containing Carbon Nanotubes. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204469. [PMID: 33050247 PMCID: PMC7599605 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The polymeric adhesive used for the bonding of thermoplastic and thermoset composites forms an insulating layer which causes a real problem for lightning strike protection. In order to make that interlayer electrically conductive, we studied a new group of electrically conductive adhesives based on hot melt copolyamides and multi-walled carbon nanotubes fabricated by the extrusion method. The purpose of this work was to test four types of hot melts to determine the effect of their viscosity on the dispersion of 7 wt % multi-walled carbon nanotubes and electrical conductivity. It was found that the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, understood as the amount of the agglomerates in the copolyamide matrix, is not dependent on the level of the viscosity of the polymer. However, the electrical conductivity, analyzed by four-probe method and dielectric spectroscopy, increases when the number of carbon nanotube agglomerates decreases, with the highest value achieved being 0.67 S/m. The inclusion of 7 wt % multi-walled carbon nanotubes into each copolyamide improved their thermal stability and changed their melting points by only a few degrees. The addition of carbon nanotubes makes the adhesive's surface more hydrophilic or hydrophobic depending on the type of copolyamide used.
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24
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Mei J, Lei X, Liang M, Wu H, Zhou S, Zou H, Chen Y. Comparative study on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubes filled polypropylene and polyamide 6 micromoldings. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Mei
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xue Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hang Wu
- Beijing Special Vehicle Institute Beijing China
| | - Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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25
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Zhou S, Lei X, Mei J, Hrymak AN, Kamal MR, Zou H. Microinjection molding of polyoxymethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites with different matrix viscosities. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengtai Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xue Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Junqi Mei
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Andrew N. Hrymak
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering The University of Western Ontario London Canada
| | - Musa R. Kamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montréal Canada
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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26
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Jha R, Singh A, Sharma P, Fuloria NK. Smart carbon nanotubes for drug delivery system: A comprehensive study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Torrinha Á, Oliveira TMBF, Ribeiro FW, Correia AN, Lima-Neto P, Morais S. Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1268. [PMID: 32610509 PMCID: PMC7408367 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, as a contaminant of emergent concern, are being released uncontrollably into the environment potentially causing hazardous effects to aquatic ecosystems and consequently to human health. In the absence of well-established monitoring programs, one can only imagine the full extent of this problem and so there is an urgent need for the development of extremely sensitive, portable, and low-cost devices to perform analysis. Carbon-based nanomaterials are the most used nanostructures in (bio)sensors construction attributed to their facile and well-characterized production methods, commercial availability, reduced cost, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. However, most importantly, their relatively good conductivity enabling appropriate electron transfer rates-as well as their high surface area yielding attachment and extraordinary loading capacity for biomolecules-have been relevant and desirable features, justifying the key role that they have been playing, and will continue to play, in electrochemical (bio)sensor development. The present review outlines the contribution of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, carbon nanopowder, biochar nanoparticles, and graphite oxide), used alone or combined with other (nano)materials, to the field of environmental (bio)sensing, and more specifically, to pharmaceutical pollutants analysis in waters and aquatic species. The main trends of this field of research are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Torrinha
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, 1639, Cidade Universitária, 63048-080 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil;
| | - Francisco W.P. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, S/N, Centro, 63260-000 Brejo Santo - CE, Brazil;
| | - Adriana N. Correia
- GELCORR, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Bloco 940, Campus do Pici, 60455-970 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil; (A.N.C.); (P.L.-N.)
| | - Pedro Lima-Neto
- GELCORR, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Bloco 940, Campus do Pici, 60455-970 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil; (A.N.C.); (P.L.-N.)
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal;
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28
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Rabbani MT, Sonker M, Ros A. Carbon nanotube dielectrophoresis: Theory and applications. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1893-1914. [PMID: 32474942 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most extensively studied nanomaterials in the 21st century. Since their discovery in 1991, many studies have been reported advancing our knowledge in terms of their structure, properties, synthesis, and applications. CNTs exhibit unique electrothermal and conductive properties which, combined with their mechanical strength, have led to tremendous attention of CNTs as a nanoscale material in the past two decades. To introduce the various types of CNTs, we first provide basic information on their structure followed by some intriguing properties and a brief overview of synthesis methods. Although impressive advances have been demonstrated with CNTs, critical applications require purification, positioning, and separation to yield desired properties and functional elements. Here, we review a versatile technique to manipulate CNTs based on their dielectric properties, namely dielectrophoresis (DEP). A detailed discussion on the DEP aspects of CNTs including the theory and various technical microfluidic realizations is provided. Various advancements in DEP-based manipulations of single-walled and multiwalled CNTs are also discussed with special emphasis on applications involving separation, purification, sensing, and nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Towshif Rabbani
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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29
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Jia H, Li X, Song J, Zhang X, Luo L, He Y, Li B, Cai Y, Hu S, Xiao X, Wang C, Rosso KM, Yi R, Patel R, Zhang JG. Hierarchical porous silicon structures with extraordinary mechanical strength as high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1474. [PMID: 32193387 PMCID: PMC7081208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15217-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous structured silicon has been regarded as a promising candidate to overcome pulverization of silicon-based anodes. However, poor mechanical strength of these porous particles has limited their volumetric energy density towards practical applications. Here we design and synthesize hierarchical carbon-nanotube@silicon@carbon microspheres with both high porosity and extraordinary mechanical strength (>200 MPa) and a low apparent particle expansion of ~40% upon full lithiation. The composite electrodes of carbon-nanotube@silicon@carbon-graphite with a practical loading (3 mAh cm−2) deliver ~750 mAh g−1 specific capacity, <20% initial swelling at 100% state-of-charge, and ~92% capacity retention over 500 cycles. Calendered electrodes achieve ~980 mAh cm−3 volumetric capacity density and <50% end-of-life swell after 120 cycles. Full cells with LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes demonstrate >92% capacity retention over 500 cycles. This work is a leap in silicon anode development and provides insights into the design of electrode materials for other batteries. The authors here construct hierarchical porous CNT@Si@C microspheres as anodes for Li-ion batteries, enabling both high electrochemical performance and excellent mechanical strength. The work highlights the importance of mechanical properties in developing battery materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Jia
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA.
| | - Junhua Song
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Langli Luo
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Yang He
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Binsong Li
- General Motors Research and Development Center, 30500 Mound Road, Warren, Michigan, 48090, USA
| | - Yun Cai
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Shenyang Hu
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Xingcheng Xiao
- General Motors Research and Development Center, 30500 Mound Road, Warren, Michigan, 48090, USA
| | - Chongmin Wang
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3335 Innovation Boulevard, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Ran Yi
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Rajankumar Patel
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA
| | - Ji-Guang Zhang
- Energy and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA.
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30
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Wu Y, Xia Y, Jing X, Cai P, Igalavithana AD, Tang C, Tsang DCW, Ok YS. Recent advances in mitigating membrane biofouling using carbon-based materials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:120976. [PMID: 31454608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling is the Achilles Heel of membrane processes. The accumulation of organic foulants and growth of microorganisms on the membrane surface reduce the permeability, shorten the membrane life, and increase the energy consumption. Advancements in novel carbon-based materials (CBMs) present significant opportunities in mitigating biofouling of membrane processes. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the application of CBMs in antibiofouling membrane. It starts with a detailed summary of the different antibiofouling mechanisms of CBM-containing membrane systems. Next, developments in membrane modification using CBMs, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene family materials, are critically reviewed. Further, the antibiofouling potential of next-generation carbon-based membranes is surveyed. Finally, the current problems and future opportunities of applying CBMs for antibiofouling membranes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinfeng Xia
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; College of Water Conservancy & Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources & Electric Power, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuyang Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2033, Australia
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Liu Y, Guo N, Yin P, Zhang C. Facile growth of carbon nanotubes using microwave ovens: the emerging application of highly efficient domestic plasma reactors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4546-4559. [PMID: 36133146 PMCID: PMC9416814 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00538b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The facile growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using microwave radiation reveals a new way for the cost-effective synthesis of CNTs for a wide range of applications. In this regard, domestic microwave ovens can be used as convenient plasma reactors to grow CNTs in a very fast, simple, energy-saving and solvent-free manner. The special heating mechanism of microwaves can not only accomplish the fast growth of high-density CNT brushes within tens of seconds, but also eliminate the need for a flammable gaseous carbon source and an expensive furnace. By carefully selecting the substrate and catalyst, low-temperature growth of CNTs can also be achieved on low-melting point organic polymers at atmospheric pressure. Highly localized heating near the catalyst nanoparticles was observed under microwave irradiation, and this phenomenon can be utilized to grow CNTs at desired locations on the substrate to fabricate CNT-based nanoelectronics in situ. Finally, the microwave growth of CNTs is highly adaptive to different carbon sources, substrates and catalysts, showing enormous potential to generate functionalized CNT-based composites for emerging advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Naishun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Pengfei Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China 510006
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China 510006
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32
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Controlled synthesis of SnSxSe2−x nanoplate alloys via synergetic control of reactant activity and surface defect passivation control with surfactant and co-surfactant mixture. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2019.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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33
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Nikbakht Kenarsari Z, Seifi M. Influence of functionalization on the structure and thermal properties of MWCNT/alumina nanocomposites. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2019.1596954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Seifi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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34
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Mokry G, Pozuelo J, Vilatela JJ, Sanz J, Baselga J. High Ampacity Carbon Nanotube Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E383. [PMID: 30845698 PMCID: PMC6474024 DOI: 10.3390/nano9030383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Constant evolution of technology is leading to the improvement of electronical devices. Smaller, lighter, faster, are but a few of the properties that have been constantly improved, but these developments come hand in hand with negative downsides. In the case of miniaturization, this shortcoming is found in the inherent property of conducting materials-the limit of current density they can withstand before failure. This property, known as ampacity, is close to reaching its limits at the current scales of use, and the performances of some conductors such as gold or copper suffer severely from it. The need to find alternative conductors with higher ampacity is, therefore, an urgent need, but at the same time, one which requires simultaneous search for decreased density if it is to succeed in an ever-growing electronical world. The uses of these carbon nanotube-based materials, from airplane lightning strike protection systems to the microchip industry, will be evaluated, failure mechanisms at maximum current densities explained, limitations and difficulties in ampacity measurements with different size ranges evaluated, and future lines of research suggested. This review will therefore provide an in-depth view of the rare properties that make carbon nanotubes and their hybrids unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Mokry
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Pozuelo
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Sanz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Baselga
- Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales e Ingeniería Química (IAAB), Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
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35
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Li M, Yang N, Wood V, Park HG. Characterization of contact resistances in ceramic-coated vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays. RSC Adv 2019; 9:7266-7275. [PMID: 35548480 PMCID: PMC9087477 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the technological significance of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays and metal-oxide coated CNTs for electronic and electrochemical devices such as supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and solar-chemical cells, sub-optimal device performance often results due to large contact resistance between the CNTs and the metallic current collectors or between the CNTs and their ceramic coatings. While contact resistance measurements are regularly carried out on individually contacted CNTs, contact resistance measurements on vertically aligned (VA) CNT arrays are not routine. Here, we demonstrate that two-probe electrical current-voltage measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be used to probe the end contact resistance and side contact resistances of coated and uncoated VACNT arrays in order to optimize material deposition and selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
| | - Hyung Gyu Park
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich Zürich CH-8092 Switzerland
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36
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Rojas J, Ardila-Rodríguez L, Diniz M, Gonçalves M, Ribeiro B, Rezende M. Highly porous multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypaper using electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber as a sacrificial material. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01386. [PMID: 30963122 PMCID: PMC6434183 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was solubilized in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and the electrospinning process has been employed to obtain PAN nanofibers (PF). Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were dispersed with the aid of Triton X-100 surfactant and subsequently centrifugated. Buckypapers (BP/PF) were prepared by vacuum filtration procedure of MWCNT suspension supernatant stacking four PF layers over a nylon membrane. The PF removal was carried out by immersing the BP/PF system in DMF and removal periods of 10 and 30 min were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has not shown any PAN residue in the MWCNT network resulting in highly porous BP. However, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) a PAN band was found around of 2243 cm-1 corresponding to nitrile group (C≡N). Besides, PAN leftover was evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), electrical characterization through four-point probe, nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Rojas
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, 12231280, Brazil
| | - L.A. Ardila-Rodríguez
- Technological Institute of Aeronautics (ITA), Division of Fundamental Science, São José dos Campos, SP, 12228, Brazil
| | - M.F. Diniz
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Aeroespacial (DCTA), Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço (IAE), São José dos Campos, SP, 12228904, Brazil
| | - M. Gonçalves
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, 12231280, Brazil
| | - B. Ribeiro
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, 12231280, Brazil
| | - M.C. Rezende
- Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, SP, 12231280, Brazil
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37
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Batra NM, Syed A, Costa PMFJ. Current-induced restructuring in bent silver nanowires. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3606-3618. [PMID: 30734803 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08551j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A number of metallic one-dimensional nanostructures have been proposed as interconnects for next-generation electronic devices. Generally, reports on charge transport properties consider low current density regimes in nanowires (or nanotubes) with intrinsically straight configurations. In these circumstances, direct observations of the interconnecting nanofilament electrical failure are scarce, particularly for initially crooked structures. Here, the electrical and structural responses of suspended silver nanowires exposed to increasing current densities were analysed using in situ transmission electron microscopy. At low rates of bias application, initially straight nanowires showed trivial behaviour up to their breakdown, with electromigration and gradual necking taking place. By contrast, these nanowires with an initially crooked configuration exhibit a mixed set of responses which included string-like resonance and structural rearrangements. Remarkably, it was observed that restructuring does not necessarily compromise the transport function of these interconnectors. Hence, initially crooked nanowires could import higher resilience to future nanoelectronic devices by delaying catastrophic breakdown of interconnectors subjected to unexpected current surges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin M Batra
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahad Syed
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Core Labs, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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38
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Jiang Z, Shao Y, Zhao P, Wang H. Flexible heteroatom-doped graphitic hollow carbon fibers for ultrasensitive and reusable electric current sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12853-12856. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06341b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Flexible, highly conductive, robust nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) co-doped graphitic hollow carbon fibers (CFs) were directly fabricated by vacuum carbonization of “human hairs”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Yue Shao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Peng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
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39
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Gao S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Wang B, Yang S. Modification of Carbon Nanotubes via Birch Reaction for Enhanced HER Catalyst by Constructing Pearl Necklace-Like NiCo 2 P 2 -CNT Composite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1804388. [PMID: 30450810 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Combining transition metal phosphides (TMPs) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a promising and proven approach to enhance their performance in the electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), due to the excellent conductivity and stability of CNTs. Generally, the deep oxidation of CNTs to form oxygen-containing groups on their surface is indispensable before combining them with TMPs. However, such approaches inevitably introduce a large number of defects to CNTs and apparently decrease their stability and electrical conductivity. Hence, fabricating TMP-CNT composites which does not come at the expense of CNTs' high electrical conductivity is quite desirable. In this work, alkylated CNTs (named as ACNT) functionalized via the Birch reaction are used to prepare the pearl necklace-like NiCo2 P2 -ACNT composites for electrocatalysts toward HER in acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterizations indicate that the ACNTs are well modified with functional groups and keep their structural integrity, thereby maximizing their excellent conductivity. Compared to bare NiCo2 P2 and the NiCo2 P2 -CNT composites prepared with mildly oxidized CNTs and deeply oxidized CNTs, the NiCo2 P2 -ACNTs show far better HER performance and much faster kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Gao
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shengchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Shanxi for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
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40
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Pérez-Rodríguez S, Torres D, Lázaro M. Effect of oxygen and structural properties on the electrical conductivity of powders of nanostructured carbon materials. POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Yu L, Yu XY, Lou XWD. The Design and Synthesis of Hollow Micro-/Nanostructures: Present and Future Trends. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1800939. [PMID: 30009431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Hollow micro-/nanostructures have attracted tremendous interest owing to their intriguing structure-induced physicochemical properties and great potential for widespread applications. With the development of modern synthetic methodology and analytical instruments, a rapid structural/compositional evolution of hollow structures from simple to complex has occurred in recent decades. Here, an updated overview of research progress made in the synthesis of hollow structures is provided. After an introduction of definition and classification, achievements in synthetic approaches for these delicate hollow architectures are presented in detail. According to formation mechanisms, these strategies can be categorized into four different types, including hard-templating, soft-templating, self-templated, and template-free methods. In particular, the rationales and emerging innovations in conventional templating syntheses are in focus. The development of burgeoning self-templating strategies based on controlled etching, outward diffusion, and heterogeneous contraction is also summarized. In addition, a brief overview of template-free methods and recent advances on combined mechanisms is provided. Notably, the strengths and weaknesses of each category are discussed in detail. In conclusion, a perspective on future trends in the research of hollow micro-/nanostructures is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Xin Yao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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42
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Tian Y, Jiang H, Laiho P, Kauppinen EI. Validity of Measuring Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fractions by Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2018; 90:2517-2525. [PMID: 29334731 PMCID: PMC6150638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that the Raman spectroscopic signature of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is highly chirality dependent, using Raman spectroscopy with several laser excitations as a tool for quantifying fraction of either metallic or semiconducting nanotubes in a sample has become a widely used analytical method. In this work, using the electron diffraction technique as a basis, we have examined the validity of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative evaluation of metallic fractions (M%) in single-walled carbon nanotube samples. Our results show that quantitative Raman spectroscopic evaluations of M% by using several discrete laser lines, either by using integrated intensities of chirality-associated radial breathing modes (RBMs) or, as has been more commonly utilized in recent studies, by statistically counting the numbers of RBMs can be misrepresentative. Specifically, we have found that the occurrence numbers of certain types of RBMs in Raman spectral mapping depend critically on the diameter distribution, resonant coupling between transition energies and excitation laser energy, and the chirality-dependent Raman scattering cross sections rather than simply on the metallic and semiconducting SWCNT fractions. These dependencies are similar to those observed in the integrated intensities of RBMs. Our findings substantially advance the understanding of the proper use of Raman spectroscopy for carbon nanotube quantification, which is important for carbon nanotube characterization and crucial to guide research in SWCNT growth and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Department
of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning 116026, China
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Patrik Laiho
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Esko I. Kauppinen
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, Puumiehenkuja
2, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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43
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Li C, Meckler SM, Smith ZP, Bachman JE, Maserati L, Long JR, Helms BA. Engineered Transport in Microporous Materials and Membranes for Clean Energy Technologies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704953. [PMID: 29315857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Many forward-looking clean-energy technologies hinge on the development of scalable and efficient membrane-based separations. Ongoing investment in the basic research of microporous materials is beginning to pay dividends in membrane technology maturation. Specifically, improvements in membrane selectivity, permeability, and durability are being leveraged for more efficient carbon capture, desalination, and energy storage, and the market adoption of membranes in those areas appears to be on the horizon. Herein, an overview of the microporous materials chemistry driving advanced membrane development, the clean-energy separations employing them, and the theoretical underpinnings tying membrane performance to membrane structure across multiple length scales is provided. The interplay of pore architecture and chemistry for a given set of analytes emerges as a critical design consideration dictating mass transport outcomes. Opportunities and outstanding challenges in the field are also discussed, including high-flux 2D molecular-sieving membranes, phase-change adsorbents as performance-enhancing components in composite membranes, and the need for quantitative metrologies for understanding mass transport in heterophasic materials and in micropores with unusual chemical interactions with analytes of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Stephen M Meckler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Zachary P Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bachman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lorenzo Maserati
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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44
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Zeng Z, Seyed Shahabadi SI, Che B, Zhang Y, Zhao C, Lu X. Highly stretchable, sensitive strain sensors with a wide linear sensing region based on compressed anisotropic graphene foam/polymer nanocomposites. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17396-17404. [PMID: 29099142 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite strain sensors composed of compressed honeycomb-like reduced-graphene-oxide (RGO) foam embedded in polydimethylsiloxane are facilely fabricated via unidirectional freeze-drying and simple mechanical compression. The microstructural characteristics of the nanocomposites endow the sensors with excellent flexibility, high stretchability and sensing sensitivity, as well as anisotropic mechanical and sensing performance when stretched along directions vertical and parallel to the aligned RGO cell walls (defined as transverse and longitudinal directions, respectively). In particular, the compression of the aligned RGO foam into a thinner film results in more conductive pathways, greatly increasing the sensing sensitivity of the nanocomposite sensors. The sensors stretched along the transverse direction show an outstanding combination of high stretchability over 120%, wide linear sensing region of 0-110% and high strain sensing sensitivity with a gauge factor of around 7.2, while even higher strain sensitivity and lower sensing strain are exhibited along the longitudinal direction. Sensitive and reliable detection of human motions is also successfully demonstrated using these light-weight thin-film nanocomposite sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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45
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Cho S, Kikuchi K, Lee E, Choi M, Jo I, Lee SB, Lee SK, Kawasaki A. Chromium carbide/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Structure Assisted Copper Composites with Low Temperature Coefficient of Resistance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14943. [PMID: 29097802 PMCID: PMC5668293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14915-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore the possibility of using carbon nanotube (CNT) to introduce and control the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of metal matrix composite, relatively thick and short multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) were introduced in the metal matrix with in-situ formation of chromium carbide (Cr7C3) at the CNT/copper (Cu) interface. We demonstrate that incompatible properties such as electrical conductivity and TCR can be achieved simultaneously by introducing MWCNTs in the Cu matrix, with control of the interfacial resistivity using the MWCNT/Cr7C3–Cu system. High electrical conductivity of 94.66 IACS and low TCR of 1,451 10–6 °C−1 are achieved in the 5 vol.% MWCNT–CuCr composite. In-situ formation of Cr7C3 nanostructures at the MWCNT/Cu interface by reaction of diffused Cr atoms and amorphous carbon of MWCNTs would assist in improving the electrical properties of the MWCNT–CuCr composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan Cho
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea.
| | - Keiko Kikuchi
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Eunkyung Lee
- Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA01609, USA
| | - Moonhee Choi
- Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, 16674, South Korea
| | - Ilguk Jo
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Sang-Bok Lee
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kwan Lee
- Composites Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, South Korea
| | - Akira Kawasaki
- Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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46
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Pseudo-topotactic conversion of carbon nanotubes to T-carbon nanowires under picosecond laser irradiation in methanol. Nat Commun 2017; 8:683. [PMID: 28947750 PMCID: PMC5612968 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudo-topotactic conversion of carbon nanotubes into one-dimensional carbon nanowires is a challenging but feasible path to obtain desired diameters and morphologies. Here, a previously predicted but experimentally unobserved carbon allotrope, T-carbon, has been produced from pseudo-topotactic conversion of a multi-walled carbon nanotube suspension in methanol by picosecond pulsed-laser irradiation. The as-grown T-carbon nanowires have the same diameter distribution as pristine carbon nanotubes, and have been characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fast Fourier transform, electron energy loss, ultraviolet-visible, and photoluminescence spectroscopies to possess a diamond-like lattice, where each carbon is replaced by a carbon tetrahedron, and a lattice constant of 7.80 Å. The change in entropy from carbon nanotubes to T-carbon reveals the phase transformation to be first order in nature. The computed electronic band structures and projected density of states are in good agreement with the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the T-carbon nanowires.T-carbon is a previously predicted but so far unobserved allotrope of carbon, with a crystal structure similar to diamond, but with each atomic lattice position replaced by a carbon tetrahedron. Here, the authors produce T-carbon nanowires via laser-irradiating a suspension of carbon nanotubes in methanol.
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47
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Krittayavathananon A, Ngamchuea K, Li X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Kätelhön E, Chaisiwamongkhol K, Sawangphruk M, Compton RG. Improving Single-Carbon-Nanotube-Electrode Contacts Using Molecular Electronics. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3908-3911. [PMID: 28776997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of an electroactive species, acetaminophen, to modify the electrical connection between a carbon nanotube (CNT) and an electrode. By applying a potential across two electrodes, some of the CNTs in solution occasionally contact the electrified interface and bridge between two electrodes. By observing a single CNT contact between two microbands of an interdigitated Au electrode in the presence and absence of acetaminophen, the role of the molecular species at the electronic junction is revealed. As compared with the pure CNT, the current magnitude of the acetaminophen-modified CNTs significantly increases with the applied potentials, indicating that the molecule species improves the junction properties probably via redox shuttling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiweena Krittayavathananon
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology , Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiuting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Korbua Chaisiwamongkhol
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Montree Sawangphruk
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Technology, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology , Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford , South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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48
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Ortiz MG, Castro EB, Real SG. Electrochemical performance comparison of MWCNTs/Ni (OH)2 composite materials by two preparation routes. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Shen Z, Röding M, Kröger M, Li Y. Carbon Nanotube Length Governs the Viscoelasticity and Permeability of Buckypaper. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E115. [PMID: 30970795 PMCID: PMC6431842 DOI: 10.3390/polym9040115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) length on the viscoelasticity and permeability of buckypaper, composed of (5,5) single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs), are systematically explored through large-scale coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. The SWCNT length is found to have a pronounced impact on the structure of buckypapers. When the SWCNTs are short, they are found to form short bundles and to be tightly packed, exhibit high density and small pores, while long SWCNTs are entangled together at a low density accompanied by large pores. These structure variations contribute to distinct performances in the viscoelasticity of buckypapers. The energy dissipation for buckypapers with long SWCNTs under cyclic shear loading is dominated by the attachment and detachment between SWCNTs through a zipping-unzipping mechanism. Thus, the viscoelastic characteristics of buckypapers, such as storage and loss moduli, demonstrate frequency- and temperature-independent behaviors. In contrast, the sliding-friction mechanism controls the energy dissipation between short SWCNTs when the buckypaper is under loading and unloading processes. Friction between short SWCNTs monotonically increases with rising length of SWCNTs and temperature. Therefore, the tan δ , defined as the ratio of the loss modulus over the storage modulus, of buckypaper with short SWCNTs also increases with the increment of temperature or SWCNT length, before the SWCNTs are entangled together. The permeability of buckypapers is further investigated by studying the diffusion of structureless particles within buckypapers, denoted by the obstruction factor ( β ). It is found to be linearly dependent on the volume fraction of SWCNTs, signifying a mass-dominated permeability, regardless of the structure variations induced by different SWCNT lengths. The present study provides a comprehensive picture of the structure-property relationship for buckypapers composed of SWCNTs. The methodology could be used for designing multifunctional buckypaper-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Magnus Röding
- RISE Bioscience and Materials, Box 5401, 402 29 Göteborg, Sweden.
- School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, University College London, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Martin Kröger
- Polymer Physics, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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50
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Li X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Shao L, Sokolov SV, Young NP, Compton RG. Quantifying Single-Carbon Nanotube-Electrode Contact via the Nanoimpact Method. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:507-511. [PMID: 28071046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A new methodology is developed to enable the measurement of the resistance across individual carbon nanotube-electrode contacts. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are suspended in the solution phase and occasionally contact the electrified interface, some of which bridge a micron-sized gap between two microbands of an interdigitated gold electrode. A potential difference is applied between the contacts and the magnitude of the current increase after the arrival of the CNT gives a measure of the resistance associated with the single CNT-gold contact. These experiments reveal the presence of a high contact resistance (∼50 MΩ), which significantly dominates the charge-transfer process. Further measurements on ensembles of CNTs made using a dilute layer of CNTs affixed to the interdigitated electrode surface and measured in the absence of solvent showed responses consistent with the same high value of contact resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lidong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power , 2103 Pingliang Road, Shanghai 200090, P. R. China
| | - Stanislav V Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil P Young
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University , Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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