1
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Zozaya SM, Teasdale LC, Tedeschi LG, Higgie M, Hoskin CJ, Moritz C. Initiation of speciation across multiple dimensions in a rock-restricted, tropical lizard. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:680-695. [PMID: 36394360 PMCID: PMC10099344 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Population isolation and concomitant genetic divergence, resulting in strong phylogeographical structure, is a core aspect of speciation initiation. If and how speciation then proceeds and ultimately completes depends on multiple factors that mediate reproductive isolation, including divergence in genomes, ecology and mating traits. Here we explored these multiple dimensions in two young (Plio-Pleistocene) species complexes of gekkonid lizards (Heteronotia) from the Kimberley-Victoria River regions of tropical Australia. Using mitochondrial DNA screening and exon capture phylogenomics, we show that the rock-restricted Heteronotia planiceps exhibits exceptional fine-scale phylogeographical structure compared to the codistributed habitat generalist Heteronotia binoei. This indicates pervasive population isolation and persistence in the rock-specialist, and thus a high rate of speciation initiation across this geographically complex region, with levels of genomic divergence spanning the "grey zone" of speciation. Proximal lineages of H. planiceps were often separated by different rock substrates, suggesting a potential role for ecological isolation; however, phylogenetic incongruence and historical introgression were inferred between one such pair. Ecomorphological divergence among lineages within both H. planiceps and H. binoei was limited, except that limestone-restricted lineages of H. planiceps tended to be larger than rock-generalists. By contrast, among-lineage divergence in the chemical composition of epidermal pore secretions (putative mating trait) exceeded ecomorphology in both complexes, but with less trait overlap among lineages in H. planiceps. This system-particularly the rock-specialist H. planiceps-highlights the role of multidimensional divergence during incipient speciation, with divergence in genomes, ecomorphology and chemical signals all at play at very fine spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Zozaya
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
| | - Luisa C Teasdale
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonardo G Tedeschi
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
| | - Megan Higgie
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Townsville, Australia
| | - Conrad J Hoskin
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Queensland, Townsville, Australia
| | - Craig Moritz
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Australia
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2
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Jaya FR, Tanner JC, Whitehead MR, Doughty P, Keogh JS, Moritz CC, Catullo RA. Population genomics and sexual signals support reproductive character displacement in Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in a contact zone. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4527-4543. [PMID: 35780470 PMCID: PMC9542136 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When closely related species come into contact via range expansion, both may experience reduced fitness as a result of the interaction. Selection is expected to favour traits that minimize costly interspecies reproductive interactions (such as mismating) via a phenomenon called reproductive character displacement (RCD). Research on RCD frequently assumes secondary contact between species, but the geographical history of species interactions is often unknown. Population genomic data permit tests of geographical hypotheses about species origins and secondary contact through range expansion. We used population genomic data from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mitochondrial sequence data, advertisement call data and morphological data to investigate a species complex of toadlets (Uperoleia borealis, U. crassa, U. inundata) from northern Australia. Although the three species of frogs were morphologically indistinguishable in our analysis, we determined that U. crassa and U. inundata form a single species (synonymized here) based on an absence of genomic divergence. SNP data identified the phylogeographical origin of U. crassa as the Top End, with subsequent westward invasion into the range of U. borealis in the Kimberley. We identified six F1 hybrids, all of which had the U. borealis mitochondrial haplotype, suggesting unidirectional hybridization. Consistent with the RCD hypothesis, U. borealis and U. crassa sexual signals differ more in sympatry than in allopatry. Hybrid males have intermediate calls, which probably reduces attractiveness to females. Integrating population genomic data, mitochondrial sequencing, morphology and behavioural approaches provides an unusually detailed collection of evidence for reproductive character displacement following range expansion and secondary contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R. Jaya
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jessie C. Tanner
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Paul Doughty
- Western Australian MuseumPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Ecology & Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Craig C. Moritz
- Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Ecology & Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Renee A. Catullo
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Centre for Biodiversity Analysis, Ecology & Evolution, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityActonAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
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3
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Jin B, Barbash DA, Castillo DM. Divergent selection on behavioural and chemical traits between reproductively isolated populations of Drosophila melanogaster. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:693-707. [PMID: 35411988 PMCID: PMC9320809 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Speciation is driven by traits that can act to prevent mating between nascent lineages, including male courtship and female preference for male traits. Mating barriers involving these traits evolve quickly because there is strong selection on males and females to maximize reproductive success, and the tight co-evolution of mating interactions can lead to rapid diversification of sexual behaviour. Populations of Drosophila melanogaster show strong asymmetrical reproductive isolation that is correlated with geographic origin. Using strains that capture natural variation in mating traits, we ask two key questions: which specific male traits are females selecting, and are these traits under divergent sexual selection? These questions have proven extremely challenging to answer, because even in closely related lineages males often differ in multiple traits related to mating behaviour. We address these questions by estimating selection gradients for male courtship and cuticular hydrocarbons for two different female genotypes. We identify specific behaviours and particular cuticular hydrocarbons that are under divergent sexual selection and could potentially contribute to premating reproductive isolation. Additionally, we report that a subset of these traits are plastic; males adjust these traits based on the identity of the female genotype they interact with. These results suggest that even when male courtship is not fixed between lineages, ongoing selection can act on traits that are important for reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhou Jin
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Daniel A. Barbash
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA
| | - Dean M. Castillo
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Nebraska at OmahaOmahaNebraskaUSA
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4
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Simon C, Cooley JR, Karban R, Sota T. Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of 13- and 17-Year Periodical Cicadas. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:457-482. [PMID: 34623904 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Apart from model organisms, 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Magicicada) are among the most studied insects in evolution and ecology. They are attractive subjects because they predictably emerge in large numbers; have a complex biogeography shaped by both spatial and temporal isolation; and include three largely sympatric, parallel species groups that are, in a sense, evolutionary replicates. Magicicada are also relatively easy to capture and manipulate, and their spectacular, synchronized mass emergences facilitate outreach and citizen science opportunities. Since the last major review, studies of Magicicada have revealed insights into reproductive character displacement and the nature of species boundaries, provided additional examples of allochronic speciation, found evidence for repeated and parallel (but noncontemporaneous) evolution of 13- and 17-year life cycles, quantified the amount and direction of gene flow through time, revealed phylogeographic patterning resulting from paleoclimate change, examined the timing of juvenile development, and created hypotheses for the evolution of life-cycle control and the future effects of climate changeon Magicicada life cycles. New ecological studies have supported and questioned the role of prime numbers in Magicicada ecology and evolution, found bidirectional shifts in population size over generations, quantified the contribution of Magicicada to nutrient flow in forest ecosystems, and examined behavioral and biochemical interactions between Magicicada and their fungal parasites and bacterial endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA;
| | - John R Cooley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut 06103, USA;
| | - Richard Karban
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA;
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
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5
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Dutta R, Chechi TS, Yadav A, Prasad NG. Indirect selection on cuticular hydrocarbon divergence in
Drosophila melanogaster
populations evolving under different operational sex ratios. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali India
| | - T. S. Chechi
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali India
| | - A. Yadav
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali India
| | - N. G. Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali India
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6
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Large-scale characterization of sex pheromone communication systems in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4165. [PMID: 34230464 PMCID: PMC8260797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects use sex pheromones as a reproductive isolating mechanism to attract conspecifics and repel heterospecifics. Despite the profound knowledge of sex pheromones, little is known about the coevolutionary mechanisms and constraints on their production and detection. Using whole-genome sequences to infer the kinship among 99 drosophilids, we investigate how phylogenetic and chemical traits have interacted at a wide evolutionary timescale. Through a series of chemical syntheses and electrophysiological recordings, we identify 52 sex-specific compounds, many of which are detected via olfaction. Behavioral analyses reveal that many of the 43 male-specific compounds are transferred to the female during copulation and mediate female receptivity and/or male courtship inhibition. Measurement of phylogenetic signals demonstrates that sex pheromones and their cognate olfactory channels evolve rapidly and independently over evolutionary time to guarantee efficient intra- and inter-specific communication systems. Our results show how sexual isolation barriers between species can be reinforced by species-specific olfactory signals. Despite the profound knowledge of sex pheromones, little is known about the coevolutionary mechanisms and constraints on their production and detection. Whole-genome sequences from 99 drosophilids, with chemical and behavioural data, show that sex pheromones and their cognate olfactory channels evolve rapidly and independently.
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7
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Kenyon HL, Martin PR. Experimental tests of selection against heterospecific aggression as a driver of avian colour pattern divergence. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1110-1124. [PMID: 33949033 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Signal divergence is thought to reduce the costs of co-occurrence for closely related species and may thereby be important in the generation and maintenance of new biodiversity. In birds, closely related, sympatric species are more divergent in their colour patterns than those that live apart, but the selective pressures driving sympatric divergence in colour pattern are not well-understood. Here, we conducted field experiments on naïve birds using spectrometer-matched, painted, 3D-printed models to test whether selection against heterospecific aggression might drive colour pattern divergence in the genus Poecile. We found that territorial male black-capped chickadees (P. atricapillus) are equally likely to attack sympatric and allopatric congeners, and wintering flocks are equally likely to visit feeders occupied by sympatric and allopatric congeners, despite sympatric congeners being more divergent in colour pattern. These results suggest that either the concerted evolution of additional traits (e.g. discrimination), or interactions in sympatry that promote learning, is required if colour pattern divergence among sympatric species is to reduce heterospecific aggression. Alternatively, colour pattern divergence among sympatric species may be caused by other selective pressures, such as selection against hybridization or habitat partitioning and secondary signal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley L Kenyon
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Paul R Martin
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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8
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Serrato-Capuchina A, Schwochert TD, Zhang S, Roy B, Peede D, Koppelman C, Matute DR. Pure species discriminate against hybrids in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. Evolution 2021; 75:1753-1774. [PMID: 34043234 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introgression, the exchange of alleles between species, is a common event in nature. This transfer of alleles between species must happen through fertile hybrids. Characterizing the traits that cause defects in hybrids illuminates how and when gene flow is expected to occur. Inviability and sterility are extreme examples of fitness reductions but are not the only type of defects in hybrids. Some traits specific to hybrids are more subtle but are important to determine their fitness. In this report, we study whether F1 hybrids between two species pairs of Drosophila are as attractive as the parental species. We find that in both species pairs, the sexual attractiveness of the F1 hybrids is reduced and that pure species discriminate strongly against them. We also find that the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile of the female hybrids is intermediate between the parental species. Perfuming experiments show that modifying the CHC profile of the female hybrids to resemble pure species improves their chances of mating. Our results show that behavioral discrimination against hybrids might be an important component of the persistence of species that can hybridize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serrato-Capuchina
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Timothy D Schwochert
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Stephania Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Baylee Roy
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - David Peede
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Caleigh Koppelman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
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9
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Yukilevich R. Reproductive Character Displacement Drives Diversification of Male Courtship Songs in Drosophila. Am Nat 2021; 197:690-707. [PMID: 33989143 DOI: 10.1086/714046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMale secondary sexual traits are one of the most striking and diverse features of the animal kingdom. While these traits are often thought to evolve via sexual selection, many questions remain about their patterns of diversification and their role in speciation. To address these questions, I performed a comparative study of precopulatory male courtship songs of 119 Drosophila species across 10 distinct species groups. I related song divergence to genetic distances, geographic relationships, and sexual isolation between species. On the basis of pairwise Euclidean song distances, species groups typically retained their phylogenetic signal while species within groups diverged five times more in sympatry relative to allopatry, producing a pattern of reproductive character displacement. This occurred despite similar genetic distances in allopatry and sympatry, was exaggerated among younger species pairs, and was driven primarily by the parameter interpulse interval. While sexual isolation in sympatry was high even with low song divergence, these variables were correlated with each other and with increased divergence of female mating preferences in sympatry. The widespread pattern of character displacement implies that allopatric divergence due to processes like sexual selection are very slow relative to sympatric processes such as reinforcement and reproductive interference in driving song diversification across Drosophila.
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10
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Matute DR, Cooper BS. Comparative studies on speciation: 30 years since Coyne and Orr. Evolution 2021; 75:764-778. [PMID: 33491225 PMCID: PMC8247902 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes of population divergence and speciation remains a core question in evolutionary biology. For nearly a hundred years evolutionary geneticists have characterized reproductive isolation (RI) mechanisms and specific barriers to gene flow required for species formation. The seminal work of Coyne and Orr provided the first comprehensive comparative analysis of speciation. By combining phylogenetic hypotheses and species range data with estimates of genetic divergence and multiple mechanisms of RI across Drosophila, Coyne and Orr's influential meta-analyses answered fundamental questions and motivated new analyses that continue to push the field forward today. Now 30 years later, we revisit the five questions addressed by Coyne and Orr, identifying results that remain well supported and others that seem less robust with new data. We then consider the future of speciation research, with emphasis on areas where novel methods and data motivate potential progress. While the literature remains biased towards Drosophila and other model systems, we are enthusiastic about the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Matute
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27510
| | - Brandon S. Cooper
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812
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11
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Comeault AA, Matute DR. Temperature-Dependent Competitive Outcomes between the Fruit Flies Drosophila santomea and Drosophila yakuba. Am Nat 2021; 197:312-323. [DOI: 10.1086/712781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Intersexual Selection: How Females Choose. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82879-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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van Schooten B, Meléndez-Rosa J, Van Belleghem SM, Jiggins CD, Tan JD, McMillan WO, Papa R. Divergence of chemosensing during the early stages of speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16438-16447. [PMID: 32601213 PMCID: PMC7371972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921318117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory communication is essential to insect biology, playing indispensable roles during mate-finding, foraging, and oviposition behaviors. These traits are particularly important during speciation, where chemical perception may serve to establish species barriers. However, identifying genes associated with such complex behavioral traits remains a significant challenge. Through a combination of transcriptomic and genomic approaches, we characterize the genetic architecture of chemoperception and the role of chemosensing during speciation for a young species pair of Heliconius butterflies, Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno We provide a detailed description of chemosensory gene-expression profiles as they relate to sensory tissue (antennae, legs, and mouthparts), sex (male and female), and life stage (unmated and mated female butterflies). Our results untangle the potential role of chemical communication in establishing barriers during speciation and identify strong candidate genes for mate and host plant choice behaviors. Of the 252 chemosensory genes, HmOBP20 (involved in volatile detection) and HmGr56 (a putative synephrine-related receptor) emerge as strong candidates for divergence in pheromone detection and host plant discrimination, respectively. These two genes are not physically linked to wing-color pattern loci or other genomic regions associated with visual mate preference. Altogether, our results provide evidence for chemosensory divergence between H. melpomene and H. cydno, two rarely hybridizing butterflies with distinct mate and host plant preferences, a finding that supports a polygenic architecture of species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Schooten
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jesyka Meléndez-Rosa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 8PQ Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00907
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14
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Coughlan JM, Matute DR. The importance of intrinsic postzygotic barriers throughout the speciation process. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190533. [PMID: 32654642 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic postzygotic barriers can play an important and multifaceted role in speciation, but their contribution is often thought to be reserved to the final stages of the speciation process. Here, we review how intrinsic postzygotic barriers can contribute to speciation, and how this role may change through time. We outline three major contributions of intrinsic postzygotic barriers to speciation. (i) reduction of gene flow: intrinsic postzygotic barriers can effectively reduce gene exchange between sympatric species pairs. We discuss the factors that influence how effective incompatibilities are in limiting gene flow. (ii) early onset of species boundaries via rapid evolution: intrinsic postzygotic barriers can evolve between recently diverged populations or incipient species, thereby influencing speciation relatively early in the process. We discuss why the early origination of incompatibilities is expected under some biological models, and detail how other (and often less obvious) incompatibilities may also serve as important barriers early on in speciation. (iii) reinforcement: intrinsic postzygotic barriers can promote the evolution of subsequent reproductive isolation through processes such as reinforcement, even between relatively recently diverged species pairs. We incorporate classic and recent empirical and theoretical work to explore these three facets of intrinsic postzygotic barriers, and provide our thoughts on recent challenges and areas in the field in which progress can be made. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn M Coughlan
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Coker Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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15
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Fu Q, Lu G, Fu Y, Wang Y. Genetic differentiation between two varieties of Oreocharis benthamii (Gesneriaceae) in sympatric and allopatric regions. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7792-7805. [PMID: 32760565 PMCID: PMC7391312 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of genetic differentiation between diverging species receives much attention as one of the key observable features of speciation. It has often been suggested that introgression between closely related species occurs commonly where their distributions overlap, leading to their becoming more morphologically and genetically similar, but there are a few opposite results. However, most of these studies have been carried out with animals and separate species; few have looked at intraspecific cases, especially in plants. Here, we conduct a comparative study on patterns of genetic differentiation among populations of two varieties of Oreocharis benthamii in allopatry and sympatry based on ISSR data for 754 individuals from 26 populations, in order to understand the processes leading to speciation. Contrary to expectations, the facultative xenogamy (mixed mating) species O. benthamii has a relatively low genetic diversity within populations (H = 0.1014, I = 0.1528) and high genetic differentiation among populations (G ST = 0.5867, ФST = 0.659), as is typically found for selfing species. Genetic variance between the two varieties in sympatric populations (44%, ФST = 0.444) is significantly more than that in allopatric populations (14%, ФST = 0.138). Consistent with the taxonomical delimitation of the two varieties, all sampled individuals of O. benthamii clustered into two genetic groups. Moreover, the genetic structures of populations of both varieties are correlated with their different geographical origins. Our studies show that significant divergence between sympatric populations of the two varieties could be attributed primarily to reinforcement by genetic divergent selection in sympatry where secondary contact had occurred. The major proportion of the genetic variation in outcrossing and mixed mating plants may exist among populations when the populations are distributed in fragmented habitats, due to the paucity of suitable habitat combined with inefficient seed dispersal mechanism and limited pollinator foraging area that may limit the gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guo‐Hui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Hui Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ying‐Qiang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant DevelopmentSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and BiomonitoringSchool of Life SciencesSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
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16
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17
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Moran PA, Hunt J, Mitchell C, Ritchie MG, Bailey NW. Sexual selection and population divergence III: Interspecific and intraspecific variation in mating signals. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:990-1005. [PMID: 32281707 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for studying the role of sexual selection in divergence and speciation is understanding the relative influence of different sexually selected signals on those processes in both intra- and interspecific contexts. Different signals may be more or less susceptible to co-option for species identification depending on the balance of sexual and ecological selection acting upon them. To examine this, we tested three predictions to explain geographic variation in long- versus short-range sexual signals across a 3,500 + km transect of two related Australian field cricket species (Teleogryllus spp.): (a) selection for species recognition, (b) environmental adaptation and (c) stochastic divergence. We measured male calling song and male and female cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) in offspring derived from wild populations, reared under common garden conditions. Song clearly differentiated the species, and no hybrids were observed suggesting that hybridization is rare or absent. Spatial variation in song was not predicted by geography, genetics or climatic factors in either species. In contrast, CHC divergence was strongly associated with an environmental gradient supporting the idea that the climatic environment selects more directly upon these chemical signals. In light of recently advocated models of diversification via ecological selection on secondary sexual traits, the different environmental associations we found for song and CHCs suggest that the impact of ecological selection on population divergence, and how that influences speciation, might be different for acoustic versus chemical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Moran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - John Hunt
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Mitchell
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael G Ritchie
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Nathan W Bailey
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Fife, UK
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18
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Winters S, Allen WL, Higham JP. The structure of species discrimination signals across a primate radiation. eLife 2020; 9:47428. [PMID: 31928629 PMCID: PMC6957270 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discriminating conspecifics from heterospecifics can help avoid costly interactions between closely related sympatric species. The guenons, a recent primate radiation, exhibit high degrees of sympatry and form multi-species groups. Guenons have species-specific colorful face patterns hypothesized to function in species discrimination. Here, we use a machine learning approach to identify face regions most essential for species classification across fifteen guenon species. We validate these computational results using experiments with live guenons, showing that facial traits critical for accurate classification influence selective attention toward con- and heterospecific faces. Our results suggest variability among guenon species in reliance on single-trait-based versus holistic facial characteristics for species discrimination, with behavioral responses and computational results indicating variation from single-trait to whole-face patterns. Our study supports a role for guenon face patterns in species discrimination, and shows how complex signals can be informative about differences between species across a speciose and highly sympatric radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Winters
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, United States
| | - William L Allen
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, United States.,Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States.,New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, United States
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19
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Distinct Roles of Cuticular Aldehydes as Pheromonal Cues in Two Cotesia Parasitoids. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:128-137. [PMID: 31907752 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-019-01142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cuticular compounds (CCs) that cover the surface of insects primarily serve as protection against entomopathogens, harmful substances, and desiccation. However, CCs may also have secondary signaling functions. By studying the role of CCs in intraspecific interactions, we may advance our understanding of the evolution of pheromonal communication in insects. We previously found that the gregarious parasitoid, Cotesia glomerata (L.), uses heptanal as a repellent pheromone to help avoid mate competition among sibling males, whereas another cuticular aldehyde, nonanal, is part of the female-produced attractive sex pheromone. Here, we show that the same aldehydes have different pheromonal functions in a related solitary parasitoid, Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson). Heptanal enhances the attractiveness of the female's sex pheromone, whereas nonanal does not affect a female's attractiveness. Hence, these common aldehydes are differentially used by the two Cotesia species to mediate, synergistically, the attractiveness of the main constituents of their respective sex pheromones. The specificity of the complete sex pheromone blend is apparently regulated by two specific, less volatile compounds, which evoke strong electroantennographic (EAG) responses. This is the first demonstration that volatile CCs have evolved distinct pheromonal functions to aid divergent mating strategies in closely related species. We discuss the possibility that additional compounds are involved in attraction and that, like the aldehydes, they are likely oxidative products of unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons.
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20
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Duchen P, Hautphenne S, Lehmann L, Salamin N. Linking micro and macroevolution in the presence of migration. J Theor Biol 2019; 486:110087. [PMID: 31758967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding macroevolutionary patterns is central to evolutionary biology. This involves the process of divergence within a species, which starts at the microevolutionary level, for instance, when two subpopulations evolve towards different phenotypic optima. The speed at which these optima are reached is controlled by the degree of stabilising selection, which pushes the mean trait towards different optima in the different subpopulations, and ongoing migration that pulls the mean phenotype away from that optimum. Traditionally, macro phenotypic evolution is modelled by directional selection processes, but these models usually ignore the role of migration within species. Here, our goal is to reconcile the processes of micro and macroevolution by modelling migration as part of the speciation process. More precisely, we introduce an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model where migration happens between two subpopulations within a branch of a phylogeny and this migration decreases over time as it happens during speciation. We then use this model to study the evolution of trait means along a phylogeny, as well as the way phenotypic disparity between species changes with successive epochs. We show that ignoring the effect of migration in sampled time-series data biases significantly the estimation of the selective forces acting upon it. We also show that migration decreases the expected phenotypic disparity between species and we analyse the effect of migration in the particular case of niche filling. We further introduce a method to jointly estimate selection and migration from time-series data. Our model extends traditional quantitative genetics results of selection and migration from a microevolutionary time frame to multiple speciation events at a macroevolutionary scale. Our results further support that not accounting for gene flow has important consequences in inferences at both the micro and macroevolutionary scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Duchen
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sophie Hautphenne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Institute of Mathematics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Lehmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Salamin
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Yukilevich R, Peterson EK. The evolution of male and female mating preferences in Drosophila speciation. Evolution 2019; 73:1759-1773. [PMID: 31077339 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relative importance of male and female mating preferences in causing sexual isolation between species remains a major unresolved question in speciation. Despite previous work showing that male courtship bias and/or female copulation bias for conspecifics occur in many taxa, the present study is one of the first large-scale works to study their relative divergence. To achieve this, we used data from the literature and present experiments across 66 Drosophila species pairs. Our results revealed that male and female mate preferences are both ubiquitous in Drosophila but evolved largely independently, suggesting different underlying evolutionary and genetic mechanisms. Moreover, their relative divergence strongly depends on the geographical relationship of species. Between allopatric species, male courtship and female copulation preferences diverged at very similar rates, evolving approximately linearly with time of divergence. In sharp contrast, between sympatric species pairs, female preferences diverged much more rapidly than male preferences and were the only drivers of enhanced sexual isolation in sympatry and Reproductive Character Displacement (RCD). Not only does this result suggest that females are primarily responsible for such processes as reinforcement, but it also implies that evolved female preferences may reduce selection for further divergence of male courtship preferences in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Yukilevich
- Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, New York, 12308
| | - Elizabeth K Peterson
- Department of Biology, Union College, Schenectady, New York, 12308.,Current Address: Department of Biology and Communities to Build Active STEM Engagement, Colorado State University-Pueblo, Pueblo, Colorado
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22
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Iglesias PP, Soto IM, Soto EM, Calderón L, Hurtado J, Hasson E. Rapid divergence of courtship song in the face of neutral genetic homogeneity in the cactophilic fly Drosophila buzzatii. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Iglesias
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Soto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo M Soto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Calderón
- CONICET-Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Juan Hurtado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Hasson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Dyer KA, Bewick ER, White BE, Bray MJ, Humphreys DP. Fine-scale geographic patterns of gene flow and reproductive character displacement in Drosophila subquinaria and Drosophila recens. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:10.1111/mec.14825. [PMID: 30074656 PMCID: PMC6360132 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
When two species are incompletely isolated, strengthening premating isolation barriers in response to the production of low fitness hybrids may complete the speciation process. Here, we use the sister species Drosophila subquinaria and Drosophila recens to study the conditions under which this reinforcement of species boundaries occurs in natural populations. We first extend the region of known sympatry between these species, and then we conduct a fine-scale geographic survey of mate discrimination coupled with estimates of gene flow within and admixture between species. Within D. subquinaria, reinforcement is extremely effective: we find variation in mate discrimination both against D. recens males and against conspecific allopatric males on the scale of a few kilometres and in the face of gene flow both from conspecific populations and introgression from D. recens. In D. recens, we do not find evidence for increased mate discrimination in sympatry, even where D. recens is rare, consistent with substantial gene flow throughout the species' range. Finally, we find that introgression between species is asymmetric, with more from D. recens into D. subquinaria than vice versa. Within each species, admixture is highest in the geographic region where it is rare relative to the other species, suggesting that when hybrids are produced they are of low fitness. In sum, reinforcement within D. subquinaria is effective at maintaining species boundaries, but even when reinforcing selection is strong it may not always result in a pattern of strong reproductive character displacement due to variation in the frequency of hybridization and gene flow from neighbouring populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Dyer
- Department of Genetics; University of Georgia; Athens, GA 30602; USA
| | | | - Brooke E. White
- Department of Genetics; University of Georgia; Athens, GA 30602; USA
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24
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Siepielski AM, McPeek SJ, McPeek MA. Female mate preferences on high-dimensional shape variation for male species recognition traits. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1239-1250. [PMID: 29876989 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Females in many animal species must discriminate between conspecific and heterospecific males when choosing mates. Such mating preferences that discriminate against heterospecifics may inadvertently also affect the mating success of conspecific males, particularly those with more extreme phenotypes. From this expectation, we hypothesized that female mate choice should cause Enallagma females (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) to discriminate against conspecific males with more extreme phenotypes of the claspers males use to grasp females while mating - the main feature of species mate recognition in these species. To test this, we compared cerci sizes and shapes between males that were captured while mating with females to males that were captured at the same time but not mating in three Enallagma species. In contrast to our hypothesis, we found only one of forty comparisons of shape variation that was consistent with females discriminating against males with more extreme cerci shapes. Instead, differences in cerci shape between mating and single males suggested that females displayed directional preferences on 1-4 aspects of cerci shape in two of the species in our samples. These results suggest that whereas some directional biases in mating based on cerci shape occur, the intraspecific phenotypic variation in male cerci size and shape is likely not large enough for females to express any significant incidental discrimination among conspecifics with more extreme shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sarah J McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mark A McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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25
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Pardy JA, Rundle HD, Bernards MA, Moehring AJ. The genetic basis of female pheromone differences between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:93-109. [PMID: 29777168 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical signals are one means by which many insect species communicate. Differences in the combination of surface chemicals called cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) can influence mating behavior and affect reproductive isolation between species. Genes influencing three CHC compounds have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the genetic basis of other CHC compounds, whether these genes affect species differences in CHCs, and the genes' resulting effect on interspecies mating, remains unknown. We used fine-scale deficiency mapping of the third chromosome to identify 43 genomic regions that influence production of CHCs in both D. melanogaster and Drosophila simulans females. We identified an additional 23 small genomic regions that affect interspecies divergence in CHCs between females of these two species, one of which spans two genes known to influence the production of multiple CHCs within D. melanogaster. By testing these genes individually, we determined that desat1 also affects interspecific divergence in one CHC compound, while desat2 has no effect on interspecific divergence. Thus, some but not all genes affecting intraspecific amounts of CHCs also affect interspecific divergence, but not all genes or all CHCs. Lastly, we find no evidence of a relationship between the CHC profile and female attractiveness or receptivity towards D. melanogaster males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Pardy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Howard D Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Amanda J Moehring
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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26
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McLay LK, Nagarajan-Radha V, Green MP, Jones TM. Dim artificial light at night affects mating, reproductive output, and reactive oxygen species inDrosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 329:419-428. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Katherine McLay
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | - Mark Philip Green
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Therésa Melanie Jones
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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27
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McQueen EW, Morehouse NI. Rapid Divergence of Wing Volatile Profiles Between Subspecies of the Butterfly Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2018; 18:4953129. [PMID: 29718495 PMCID: PMC5865527 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iey026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Complex signaling traits such as pheromone profiles can play an important role in the early stages of reproductive isolation between populations. These signals can diverge along multiple trait axes, and signal receivers are often sensitive to subtle differences in signal properties. In the Lepidoptera, prior research has highlighted that natural selection can drive rapid chemical signal divergence, for instance via mate recognition to maintain species boundaries. Much less is known about the occurrence of such changes for predominantly sexually selected chemical signals, such as those released by many male lepidopterans. We evaluated the divergence in male and female wing volatile profiles between two recently isolated subspecies of the pierid butterfly Pieris rapae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): P. rapae rapae and P. rapae crucivora. In laboratory settings, these subspecies exhibit strong premating isolation, with females rejecting males of the opposite subspecies despite the fact that males direct equivalent courtship effort toward females of either subspecies. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, we analyzed the volatile chemical profiles of individual males and females of each subspecies. We find that males of each subspecies differ in their wing volatile profiles, including quantitative differences in a male sex pheromone, ferrulactone. In contrast, female wing volatiles profiles have diverged significantly less. These sex-specific patterns suggest that male chemical profiles may play a role in the observed premating isolation between these two subspecies, providing support for future investigations of sexually selected chemical traits in population divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden W McQueen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nathan I Morehouse
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
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28
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Abstract
Stabilizing selection is important in evolutionary theories of the maintenance of genetic variance and has been invoked as the key process determining macroevolutionary patterns of trait evolution. However, manipulative evidence for the extent of stabilizing selection, particularly on multivariate traits, is lacking. We used artificial disruptive selection in Drosophila serrata as a tool to determine the relative strength of stabilizing selection experienced by multivariate trait combinations with contrasting levels of genetic and mutational variance. Contrary to expectation, when disruptive selection was applied to the major axis of standing genetic variance, gmax, we observed a significant and repeatable decrease in its phenotypic variance. In contrast, the multivariate trait combination predicted to be under strong stabilizing selection showed a significant and repeatable increase in its phenotypic variance. Correlated responses were observed in all selection treatments, and viability selection operating on extreme phenotypes of traits genetically correlated with those directly selected on limited our ability to increase their phenotypic range. Our manipulation revealed that multivariate trait combinations were subject to stabilizing selection; however, we did not observe a direct relationship between the strength of stabilizing selection and the levels of standing genetic variance in multivariate trait combinations. Contrasting patterns of allele frequencies underlying traits with high versus low levels of standing genetic variance may be implicated in determining the response to artificial selection in multivariate trait combinations.
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29
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Wehi PM, Monks A, Morgan-Richards M. Male tree weta are attracted to cuticular scent cues but do not discriminate according to sex or among two closely related species. Ethology 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla M. Wehi
- Institute of Agriculture & Environment; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
- Landcare Research; Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Institute of Agriculture & Environment; Massey University; Palmerston North New Zealand
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30
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Wurdack M, Polidori C, Keller A, Feldhaar H, Schmitt T. Release from prey preservation behavior via prey switch allowed diversification of cuticular hydrocarbon profiles in digger wasps. Evolution 2017; 71:2562-2571. [PMID: 28791674 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cuticle of insects is covered by a layer of hydrocarbons (CHC), whose original function is the protection from desiccation and pathogens. However, in most insects CHC profiles are species specific. While this variability among species was largely linked to communication and recognition functions, additional selective forces may shape insect CHC profiles. Here, we show that in Philanthinae digger wasps (Crabronidae) the CHC profile coevolved with a peculiar brood-care strategy. In particular, we found that the behavior to embalm prey stored in the nest with hydrocarbons is adaptive to protect larval food from fungi in those species hunting for Hymenoptera. The prey embalming secretion is identical in composition to the alkene-dominated CHC profile in these species, suggesting that their profile is adaptively conserved for this purpose. In contrast, prey embalming is not required in those species that switched to Coleoptera as prey. Released from this chemical brood-care strategy, Coleoptera-hunting species considerably diversified their CHC profiles. Differential needs to successfully protect prey types used as larval food have thus driven the diversification of CHCs profiles of female Philanthinae wasps. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of a direct link between selection pressure for food preservation and CHC diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Wurdack
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Animal Ecology, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 1, D-79114 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carlo Polidori
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, s/n; E-45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Alexander Keller
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, Campus Nord, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Feldhaar
- Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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31
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Mitko L, Weber MG, Ramirez SR, Hedenström E, Wcislo WT, Eltz T. Olfactory specialization for perfume collection in male orchid bees. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 219:1467-75. [PMID: 27207952 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.136754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Insects rely on the olfactory system to detect a vast diversity of airborne molecules in their environment. Highly sensitive olfactory tuning is expected to evolve when detection of a particular chemical with great precision is required in the context of foraging and/or finding mates. Male neotropical orchid bees (Euglossini) collect odoriferous substances from multiple sources, store them in specialized tibial pouches and later expose them at display sites, presumably as mating signals to females. Previous analysis of tibial compounds among sympatric species revealed substantial chemical disparity in chemical composition among lineages with outstanding divergence between closely related species. Here, we tested whether specific perfume phenotypes coevolve with matching olfactory adaptations in male orchid bees to facilitate the location and harvest of species-specific perfume compounds. We conducted electroantennographic (EAG) measurements on males of 15 sympatric species in the genus Euglossa that were stimulated with 18 compounds present in variable proportions in male hind tibiae. Antennal response profiles were species-specific across all 15 species, but there was no conspicuous differentiation between closely related species. Instead, we found that the observed variation in EAG activity follows a Brownian motion model of trait evolution, where the probability of differentiation increases proportionally with lineage divergence time. However, we identified strong antennal responses for some chemicals that are present as major compounds in the perfume of the same species, thus suggesting that sensory specialization has occurred within multiple lineages. This sensory specialization was particularly apparent for semi-volatile molecules ('base note' compounds), thus supporting the idea that such compounds play an important role in chemical signaling of euglossine bees. Overall, our study found no close correspondence between antennal responses and behavioral preferences/tibial contents, but confirms the utility of EAG profiling for discovering certain behaviorally active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Mitko
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Marjorie G Weber
- The Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Santiago R Ramirez
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erik Hedenström
- Chemistry, Department of Natural Sciences, Engineering and Mathematics, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall SE-851 70, Sweden
| | - William T Wcislo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Thomas Eltz
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 44780, Germany
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32
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Gordon NM, Ralph MZ, Stratman KD. Rapid character displacement of different call parameters in closely related treefrogs (Hyla cinerea and H. gratiosa). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Call variability, stereotypy and relationships in syntopy of tetraploid common lesser escuerzo (Anura: Genus Odontophrynus). ZOOL ANZ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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34
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Abstract
Long-read sequencing technology promises to greatly enhance de novo assembly of genomes for nonmodel species. Although the error rates of long reads have been a stumbling block, sequencing at high coverage permits the self-correction of many errors. Here, we sequence and de novo assemble the genome of Drosophila serrata, a species from the montium subgroup that has been well-studied for latitudinal clines, sexual selection, and gene expression, but which lacks a reference genome. Using 11 PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT cells), we generated 12 Gbp of raw sequence data comprising ∼65 × whole-genome coverage. Read lengths averaged 8940 bp (NRead50 12,200) with the longest read at 53 kbp. We self-corrected reads using the PBDagCon algorithm and assembled the genome using the MHAP algorithm within the PBcR assembler. Total genome length was 198 Mbp with an N50 just under 1 Mbp. Contigs displayed a high degree of chromosome arm-level conservation with the D. melanogaster genome and many could be sensibly placed on the D. serrata physical map. We also provide an initial annotation for this genome using in silico gene predictions that were supported by RNA-seq data.
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35
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Tishechkin DY, Vedenina VY. Acoustic signals in insects: A reproductive barrier and a taxonomic character. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0013873816090013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Allen SL, Bonduriansky R, Sgro CM, Chenoweth SF. Sex-biased transcriptome divergence along a latitudinal gradient. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1256-1272. [PMID: 28100025 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sex-dependent gene expression is likely an important genomic mechanism that allows sex-specific adaptation to environmental changes. Among Drosophila species, sex-biased genes display remarkably consistent evolutionary patterns; male-biased genes evolve faster than unbiased genes in both coding sequence and expression level, suggesting sex differences in selection through time. However, comparatively little is known of the evolutionary process shaping sex-biased expression within species. Latitudinal clines offer an opportunity to examine how changes in key ecological parameters also influence sex-specific selection and the evolution of sex-biased gene expression. We assayed male and female gene expression in Drosophila serrata along a latitudinal gradient in eastern Australia spanning most of its endemic distribution. Analysis of 11 631 genes across eight populations revealed strong sex differences in the frequency, mode and strength of divergence. Divergence was far stronger in males than females and while latitudinal clines were evident in both sexes, male divergence was often population specific, suggesting responses to localized selection pressures that do not covary predictably with latitude. While divergence was enriched for male-biased genes, there was no overrepresentation of X-linked genes in males. By contrast, X-linked divergence was elevated in females, especially for female-biased genes. Many genes that diverged in D. serrata have homologs also showing latitudinal divergence in Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster on other continents, likely indicating parallel adaptation in these distantly related species. Our results suggest that sex differences in selection play an important role in shaping the evolution of gene expression over macro- and micro-ecological spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott L Allen
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Russell Bonduriansky
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Carla M Sgro
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., 3800, Australia
| | - Stephen F Chenoweth
- The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
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37
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Vorburger C, Herzog J, Rouchet R. Aphid specialization on different summer hosts is associated with strong genetic differentiation and unequal symbiont communities despite a common mating habitat. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:762-772. [PMID: 28055138 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Specialization on different host plants can promote evolutionary diversification of herbivorous insects. Work on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) has contributed significantly to the understanding of this process, demonstrating that populations associated with different host plants exhibit performance trade-offs across hosts, show adaptive host choice and genetic differentiation and possess different communities of bacterial endosymbionts. Populations specialized on different secondary host plants during the parthenogenetic summer generations are also described for the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae complex) and are usually treated as different (morphologically cryptic) subspecies. In contrast to pea aphids, however, host choice and mate choice are decoupled in black bean aphids, because populations from different summer hosts return to the same primary host plant to mate and lay overwintering eggs. This could counteract evolutionary divergence, and it is currently unknown to what extent black bean aphids using different summer hosts are indeed differentiated. We addressed this question by microsatellite genotyping and endosymbiont screening of black bean aphids collected in summer from the goosefoot Chenopodium album (subspecies A. f. fabae) and from thistles of the genus Cirsium (subspecies A. f. cirsiiacanthoides) across numerous sites in Switzerland and France. Our results show clearly that aphids from Cirsium and Chenopodium exhibit strong and geographically consistent genetic differentiation and that they differ in their frequencies of infection with particular endosymbionts. The dependence on a joint winter host has thus not prevented the evolutionary divergence into summer host-adapted populations that appear to have evolved mechanisms of reproductive isolation within a common mating habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vorburger
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Herzog
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - R Rouchet
- EAWAG, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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38
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Gershman SN, Rundle HD. Crowd control: sex ratio affects sexually selected cuticular hydrocarbons in male Drosophila serrata. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:583-590. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. N. Gershman
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology; The Ohio State University at Marion; Marion OH USA
| | - H. D. Rundle
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
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39
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Davis JS, Castillo DM, Moyle LC. Remating responses are consistent with male postcopulatory manipulation but not reinforcement in D. pseudoobscura. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:507-515. [PMID: 28116047 PMCID: PMC5243186 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement occurs when hybridization between closely related lineages produces low-fitness offspring, prompting selection for elevated reproductive isolation specifically in areas of sympatry. Both premating and postmating prezygotic behaviors have been shown to be the target of reinforcing selection, but it remains unclear whether remating behaviors experience reinforcement, although they can also influence offspring identity and limit formation of hybrids. Here, we evaluated evidence for reinforcing selection on remating behaviors in Drosophila pseudoobscura, by comparing remating traits in females from populations historically allopatric and sympatric with Drosophila persimilis. We found that the propensity to remate was not higher in sympatric females, compared to allopatric females, regardless of whether the first mated male was heterospecific or conspecific. Moreover, remating behavior did not contribute to interspecific reproductive isolation among any population; that is, females showed no higher propensity to remate following a heterospecific first mating than following a conspecific first mating. Instead, we found that females are less likely to remate after initial matings with unfamiliar males, regardless of species identity. This is consistent with one scenario of postmating sexual conflict in which females are poorly defended against postcopulatory manipulation by males with whom they have not coevolved. Our results are generally inconsistent with reinforcement on remating traits and suggest that this behavior might be more strongly shaped by the consequences of local antagonistic male-female interactions than interactions with heterospecifics.
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40
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Wang Q, Goodger JQD, Woodrow IE, Elgar MA. Location-specific cuticular hydrocarbon signals in a social insect. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20160310. [PMID: 27030418 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Social insects use cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) to convey different social signals, including colony or nest identity. Despite extensive investigations, the exact source and identity of CHCs that act as nest-specific identification signals remain largely unknown. Perhaps this is because studies that identify CHC signals typically use organic solvents to extract a single sample from the entire animal, thereby analysing a cocktail of chemicals that may serve several signal functions. We took a novel approach by first identifying CHC profiles from different body parts of ants (Iridomyrmex purpureus), then used behavioural bioassays to reveal the location of specific social signals. The CHC profiles of both workers and alates varied between different body parts, and workers paid more attention to the antennae of non-nest-mate and the legs of nest-mate workers. Workers responded less aggressively to non-nest-mate workers if the CHCs on the antennae of their opponents were removed with a solvent. These data indicate that CHCs located on the antennae reveal nest-mate identity and, remarkably, that antennae both convey and receive social signals. Our approach and findings could be valuably applied to chemical signalling in other behavioural contexts, and provide insights that were otherwise obscured by including chemicals that either have no signal function or may be used in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qike Wang
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jason Q D Goodger
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ian E Woodrow
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mark A Elgar
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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41
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Greenway R, Drexler S, Arias‐Rodriguez L, Tobler M. Adaptive, but not condition‐dependent, body shape differences contribute to assortative mating preferences during ecological speciation. Evolution 2016; 70:2809-2822. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Greenway
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506
| | - Shannon Drexler
- Department of Biology University of Wisconsin‐Platteville 1 University Plaza Platteville Wisconsin 53818
| | - Lenin Arias‐Rodriguez
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Villahermosa Tabasco México
| | - Michael Tobler
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506
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42
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Sawamura K, Sato H, Lee CY, Kamimura Y, Matsuda M. A Natural Population Derived from Species Hybridizationin the Drosophila ananassae Species Complexon Penang Island, Malaysia. Zoolog Sci 2016; 33:467-475. [PMID: 27715417 DOI: 10.2108/zs160038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We surveyed natural population of the Drosophila ananassae species complex on Penang Island, Malaysia. Analyses of phenotypic traits, chromosome arrangements, molecular markers, and reproductive isolation suggest the existence of two species: D. ananassae and D. cf. parapallidosa. Molecular marker analysis indicates that D. cf. parapallidosa carries chromosome Y and 4 introgressions from D. ananassae. Thus, D. cf. parapallidosa seems to be a hybrid descendant that recently originated from a natural D. parapallidosa♀× D. ananassae♂ cross. Furthermore, D. cf. parapallidosa behaves differently from authentic D. parapallidosa with respect to its reproductive isolation from D. ananassae. Premating isolation is usually seen in only the D. ananassae♀× D. parapallidosa♂ cross, but we observed it in crosses of both directions between D. ananassae and D. cf. parapallidosa. In addition, hybrid males from the D. ananassae♀× D. parapallidosa♂ cross are usually sterile, but they were fertile when D. ananassae♀ were mated with D. cf. parapallidosa ♂. We attempted an artificial reconstruction of the hybrid species to simulate the evolutionary process(es) that produced D. cf. parapallidosa. This is a rare case of natural hybrid population in Drosophila and may be a useful system for elucidating speciation with gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoichi Sawamura
- 1 Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hajime Sato
- 2 School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Chow-Yang Lee
- 3 Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yoshitaka Kamimura
- 3 Urban Entomology Laboratory, Vector Control Research Unit, School of Biological Sciences,Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia.,4 Department of Biology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Muneo Matsuda
- 2 School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
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43
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Cole JA. Reinforcement and a cline in mating behaviour evolve in response to secondary contact and hybridization in shield-back katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1652-66. [PMID: 27226144 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In a dispersal-limited species that has evolved reproductive character displacement at a contact zone, a cline in mating behaviour may result if gene flow diffuses alleles out of the contact zone into allopatric populations. Prior work has found such a clinal pattern in the shield-back katydid Aglaothorax morsei, in which the male calling songs in a sympatric population have a displaced, short interpulse interval that increases in length with increasing distance from the contact zone. In this study, molecular phylogenetic and female preference data show that (1) sympatric populations result from secondary contact, (2) hybridization in sympatry has resulted in unidirectional mitochondrial introgression and (3) female preferences are consistent with reproductive character displacement and could generate a cline in mating behaviour. These data together suggest a history of reinforcement, generally considered rare in acoustically communicating insects; thus, Aglaothorax represents an important example of a rarely documented evolutionary process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cole
- Natural Sciences Division, Pasadena City College, Pasadena, CA, USA. .,Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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44
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Castillo DM, Gibson AK, Moyle LC. Assortative mating and self-fertilization differ in their contributions to reinforcement, cascade speciation, and diversification. Curr Zool 2016; 62:169-181. [PMID: 29491904 PMCID: PMC5804227 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cascade speciation and reinforcement can evolve rapidly when traits are pleiotropic and act as both signal/cue in nonrandom mating. Here, we examine the contribution of two key traits-assortative mating and self-fertilization-to reinforcement and (by extension) cascade speciation. First, using a population genetic model of reinforcement we find that both assortative mating and self-fertilization can make independent contributions to increased reproductive isolation, consistent with reinforcement. Self-fertilization primarily evolves due to its 2-fold transmission advantage when inbreeding depression (d) is lower (d < 0.45) but evolves as a function of the cost of hybridization under higher inbreeding depression (0.45 < d < 0.48). When both traits can evolve simultaneously, increased self-fertilization often prohibits the evolution of assortative mating. We infer that, under specific conditions, mating system transitions are more likely to lead to increased reproductive isolation and initiate cascade speciation, than assortative mating. Based on the results of our simulations, we hypothesized that transitions to self-fertilization could contribute to clade-wide diversification if reinforcement or cascade speciation is common. We tested this hypothesis with comparative data from two different groups. Consistent with our hypothesis, there was a trend towards uniparental reproduction being associated with increased diversification rate in the Nematode phylum. For the plant genus Mimulus, however, self-fertilization was associated with reduced diversification. Reinforcement driving speciation via transitions to self-fertilization might be short lived or unsustainable across macroevolutionary scales in some systems (some plants), but not others (such as nematodes), potentially due to differences in susceptibility to inbreeding depression and/or the ability to transition between reproductive modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean M. Castillo
- Department of Biology, 1001 East Third Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Amanda K. Gibson
- Department of Biology, 1001 East Third Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Leonie C. Moyle
- Department of Biology, 1001 East Third Street, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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45
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Comeault AA, Matute DR. Reinforcement's incidental effects on reproductive isolation between conspecifics. Curr Zool 2016; 62:135-143. [PMID: 29491901 PMCID: PMC5804225 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zow002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcement—the process whereby maladaptive hybridization leads to the strengthening of prezygotic isolation between species—has a long history in the study of speciation. Because reinforcement affects traits involved in mate choice and fertility, it can have indirect effects on reproductive isolation between populations within species. Here we review examples of these “cascading effects of reinforcement” (CER) and discuss different mechanisms through which they can arise. We discuss three factors that are predicted to influence the potential occurrence of CER: rates of gene flow among populations, the strength of selection acting on the traits involved in reinforcement, and the genetic basis of those traits. We suggest that CER is likely if (1) the rate of gene flow between conspecific populations is low; (2) divergent selection acts on phenotypes involved in reinforcement between sympatric and allopatric populations; and (3) the genetic response to reinforcement differs among conspecific populations subject to parallel reinforcing selection. Future work continuing to address gene flow, selection, and the genetic basis of the traits involved in the reinforcement will help develop a better understanding of reinforcement as a process driving the production of species diversity, both directly and incidentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron A Comeault
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, 250 Bell Tower Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, 250 Bell Tower Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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46
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Gosden TP, Thomson JR, Blows MW, Schaul A, Chenoweth SF. Testing for a genetic response to sexual selection in a wild
Drosophila
population. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1278-83. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. P. Gosden
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Qld Australia
| | - J. R. Thomson
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Qld Australia
| | - M. W. Blows
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Qld Australia
| | - A. Schaul
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Qld Australia
| | - S. F. Chenoweth
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Qld Australia
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47
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Gershman SN, Rundle HD. Level up: the expression of male sexually selected cuticular hydrocarbons is mediated by sexual experience. Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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48
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Jansen M, Plath M, Brusquetti F, Ryan MJ. Asymmetric frequency shift in advertisement calls of sympatric frogs. AMPHIBIA-REPTILIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15685381-00003038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Character displacement is commonly observed when species occur in secondary contact zones and traits related to resource competition or reproduction diverge in sympatry. However, few studies have considered the factors determining and delimiting the direction of character evolution in this context. We studied displacement in advertisement calls in two species of hylid frogs from allopatric and sympatric populations, both of which call with similar frequencies but differ substantially in temporal parameters. We found asymmetrical character displacement in sympatry, as only Scinax madeirae (but not S. fuscomarginatus) repeatedly showed displacement. Instead of diverging in already existing differences in temporal characters, S. madeirae showed character displacement for frequency-related characters. We explored possible reasons for this specific pattern concerning the displaced characters and tested if socio-functional constraints in specific call parameters are responsible for the shift of only spectral parameters in that species. Finally, we argue that the simultaneous action of ecological and reproductive character displacement, or alternatively, a short-term behavioral response for the same reason (avoidance of hybridization) could explain the pattern. The present study identifies a set of new hypotheses that will stimulate future research on mechanisms of mate recognition and behavioral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jansen
- Section of Herpetology, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Section of Integrative Biology, University Station C0930, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Martin Plath
- Department of Animal Science, Northwest A & F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Francisco Brusquetti
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Cx. Postal 199, 13506-906 Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil
- Instituto de Investigación Biológica del Paraguay, CP 1429, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Michael Joseph Ryan
- Section of Integrative Biology, University Station C0930, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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49
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Bacquet PMB, Brattström O, Wang HL, Allen CE, Löfstedt C, Brakefield PM, Nieberding CM. Selection on male sex pheromone composition contributes to butterfly reproductive isolation. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142734. [PMID: 25740889 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Selection can facilitate diversification by inducing character displacement in mate choice traits that reduce the probability of maladaptive mating between lineages. Although reproductive character displacement (RCD) has been demonstrated in two-taxa case studies, the frequency of this process in nature is still debated. Moreover, studies have focused primarily on visual and acoustic traits, despite the fact that chemical communication is probably the most common means of species recognition. Here, we showed in a large, mostly sympatric, butterfly genus, a strong pattern of recurrent RCD for predicted male sex pheromone composition, but not for visual mate choice traits. Our results suggest that RCD is not anecdotal, and that selection for divergence in male sex pheromone composition contributed to reproductive isolation within the Bicyclus genus. We propose that selection may target olfactory mate choice traits as a more common sensory modality to ensure reproductive isolation among diverging lineages than previously envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M B Bacquet
- Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - O Brattström
- Department of Zoology, University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - H-L Wang
- Department of Biology, Pheromone Group, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - C E Allen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - C Löfstedt
- Department of Biology, Pheromone Group, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - P M Brakefield
- Department of Zoology, University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - C M Nieberding
- Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics Group, Biodiversity Research Centre, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 4-5, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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50
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Rundle HD, Dyer KA. Reproductive character displacement of female mate preferences for male cuticular hydrocarbons inDrosophila subquinaria. Evolution 2015; 69:2625-37. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Howard D. Rundle
- Department of Biology; University of Ottawa; Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Kelly A. Dyer
- Department of Genetics; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602
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