1
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Yang C, Li W, Zhao Y, Shang L. Flexible liquid-diode microtubes from multimodal microfluidics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402331121. [PMID: 38959044 PMCID: PMC11252946 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402331121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Directional transport of liquids is of great importance in energy saving, chemical/biomedical engineering, and microfluidics applications. Despite considerable progress in engineering different open surfaces to achieve liquid manipulation, the realization of diode-like liquid transport in enclosed spaces is still challenging. Here, a flexible diode microtube is presented for directional liquid transport within confined spaces using pulsed microfluidics. The microtubes exhibit sophisticated microstructures on the inner wall, replicated from a precisely controlled flow configuration in the microfluidic channel. Under the effect of asymmetric pinning and unbalanced Laplace pressure, such microtubes enable directional liquid transport in closed channels. More importantly, by integrating in situ flow lithography with the microfluidic system, segmented liquid diodes are fabricated as assembly units for the construction of fluidic-electronic circuits that perform logic operations. These results demonstrate the capacity of the present liquid-diode microtubes for flexible, directional, and programmable liquid transport. We believe that it can open an avenue for designing advanced fluidic circuit-based devices toward versatile practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, China
| | - Wenzhao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou325001, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200032, China
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2
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Wong WSY, Kiseleva MS, Naga A. Polarity-Induced Reactive Wetting: Spreading and Retracting Sessile Water Drops. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13562-13572. [PMID: 38875489 PMCID: PMC11223483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Wetting is typically defined by the relative liquid to solid surface tension/energy, which are composed of polar and nonpolar subcontributions. Current studies often assume that they remain invariant, that is, surfaces are wetting-inert. Complex wetting scenarios, such as adaptive or reactive wetting processes, may involve time-dependent variations in interfacial energies. To maximize differences in energetic states, we employ low-energy perfluoroalkyls integrated with high-energy silica-based polar moieties grown on low-energy polydimethylsiloxane. To this end, we tune the hydrophilic-like wettability on these perfluoroalkyl-silica-polydimethylsiloxane surfaces. Drop contact behaviors range from invariantly hydrophobic at ca. 110° to rapidly spreading at ca. 0° within 5 s. Unintuitively, these vapor-grown surfaces transit toward greater hydrophilicity with increasing perfluoroalkyl deposition. Notably, this occurs as sequential silica-and-perfluoroalkyl deposition also leaves behind embedded polar moieties. We highlight how surfaces having such chemical heterogeneity are inherently wetting-reactive. By creating an abrupt wetting transition composed of reactive and inert domains, we introduce spatial dependency. Drops contacting the transition spread before retracting, occurring over the time scale of a few seconds. This phenomenon contradicts current understanding, exhibiting a uniquely (1) decreasing advancing contact angle and (2) increasing receding contact angle. To explain the behavior, we model such time- and space- dependent reactive wetting using first order kinetics. In doing so, we explore how reactive and recovery mechanisms govern the characteristic time scales of spreading and retracting sessile drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Y. Wong
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mariia S. Kiseleva
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Abhinav Naga
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K.
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3
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Chen KT, Wu YP, Huang YF, Hsu CC, Shieh J. Repulsion, Acceleration, and Coalescence between Water Droplets on Superhydrophobic Glass by Triboelectrification. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:13219-13226. [PMID: 38865155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating the motion of water droplets on surfaces, which is crucial for various applications, such as microfluidics and heat transfer, presents considerable challenges, primarily due to the significant influence of capillary forces. This effect becomes more pronounced when droplets are in close proximity, often resulting in undesired coalescence. Triboelectrification, which involves charging pure water droplets, is a promising approach to enhance the ability to manipulate water droplets. For effective triboelectrification, charges must accumulate within the droplets; this ensures efficient and sustained droplet manipulation while minimizing dissipation. Low-friction, superhydrophobic, insulating surfaces are ideal for this purpose. However, few studies have explored the application of insulating superhydrophobic surfaces to manipulate droplet motion. In this study, we investigated the behavior of water droplets on insulating superhydrophobic quartz surfaces after triboelectrification. The droplets acquired significant charge when dripped onto a superhydrophobic glass surface. Consequently, these charged droplets exhibited behaviors such as repulsion and acceleration from one another, uphill movement, and rapid long-distance transport to specific positions. These advancements in droplet manipulation techniques hold promise for diverse fields such as microfluidics and heat exchangers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Ting Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ping Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Yu Fang Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Chin Chi Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
| | - Jiann Shieh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan
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4
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Macktuf MAA, Rutan SC, Bautista J, Collinson MM. Continuous stationary phase gradient preparation on planar chromatographic media using vapor phase deposition of silane. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465090. [PMID: 38955129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A new, versatile, and straightforward vapor phase deposition (VPD) approach was used to prepare continuous stationary phase gradients (cSPGs) on silica thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates using phenyldimethylchlorosilane (PDCS) as a precursor. A mixture of paraffin oil and PDCS was placed at the bottom of an open-ended rectangular chamber, allowing the reactive silanes to evaporate and freely diffuse under a controlled atmosphere. As the volatile silane diffused across the length of the TLC plate, it reacted with the surface silanol groups thus functionalizing the surface in a gradient fashion. Characterization of the gradient TLC plates was done through UV visualization and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Visualizing the fluorescent gradient plates under UV radiation shows the clear presence of a gradient with the side closest to the vapor source undergoing the most modification. More quantitative characterization of the shape of the gradient was provided by DRS. The DRS showed that the degree of modification and shape of the gradient was dependent on the concentration of silane, VPD time, and relative humidity. To evaluate the chromatographic performance, a mixture of three aromatic compounds (acetaminophen (A), aspirin (As), and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (3H)) was spotted on the high (GHP) and low phenyl (GLP) ends of the gradient TLC plates and the results compared to the separations carried out on unmodified and uniformly modified plates. The GHP TLC plates showed retention factors (Rf) of 0.060 ± 0.006, 0.391 ± 0.006, and 0.544 ± 0.006, whereas the unmodified plate displayed Rf values of 0.059 ± 0.006, 0.092 ± 0.003, and 0.037 ± 0.002 for the analytes A, As, and 3H, respectively. From the Rf values, it was observed that each modified plate exhibited different selectivity for the analytes. The GHP TLC plates exhibited better separation performance, and improved resolution compared to the GLP, unmodified, and uniformly modified plates. Overall, VPD is a new, cost-effective method for creating a gradient on the stationary phase which has the potential to advance chromatographic separation capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah C Rutan
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Judith Bautista
- Dow Chemical, 230 Abner Jackson Pkwy, Lake Jackson, TX 77566, USA
| | - Maryanne M Collinson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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5
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Barrio-Zhang H, Ruiz-Gutiérrez É, Orejon D, Wells GG, Ledesma-Aguilar R. Droplet motion driven by humidity gradients during evaporation and condensation. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2024; 47:32. [PMID: 38735905 PMCID: PMC11089009 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-024-00426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The motion of droplets on solid surfaces in response to an external gradient is a fundamental problem with a broad range of applications, including water harvesting, heat exchange, mixing and printing. Here we study the motion of droplets driven by a humidity gradient, i.e. a variation in concentration of their own vapour in the surrounding gas phase. Using lattice-Boltzmann simulations of a diffuse-interface hydrodynamic model to account for the liquid and gas phases, we demonstrate that the droplet migrates towards the region of higher vapour concentration. This effect holds in situations where the ambient gradient drives either the evaporation or the condensation of the droplet, or both simultaneously. We identify two main mechanisms responsible for the observed motion: a difference in surface wettability, which we measure in terms of the Young stress, and a variation in surface tension, which drives a Marangoni flow. Our results are relevant in advancing our knowledge of the interplay between gas and liquid phases out of thermodynamic equilibrium, as well as for applications involving the control of droplet motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Barrio-Zhang
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK.
| | - Élfego Ruiz-Gutiérrez
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Claremont Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Daniel Orejon
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Gary G Wells
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
| | - Rodrigo Ledesma-Aguilar
- Institute for Multiscale Thermofluids, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FB, UK
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6
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Liu Y, Li J, Xiao Z, Wu T, Zhou C, Zhou J. Microstructure-Driven Self-Transport and Convection of Water on Membrane Surface for Ultra-Fast, Highly Sensitive, Low-Cost Lateral-Flow Assays. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309956. [PMID: 38145329 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Lateral-flow assay (LFA) is one of the most commonly used detection technologies, in which the chromatographic membranes are currently used as the lateral-flow membrane (e.g., nitrocellulose membrane, NC Mem). However, several disadvantages of existing chromatographic membranes limit the performance of LFA, including relatively low flow velocity of sample solution and relatively more residuals of sample on membrane, which increase detection time and detection noise. Herein, a surface structure membrane (SS Mem) is proposed, which enables fast self-transport of water with a convection manner and realizes low residuals of sample on membrane surface after the flow. On SS Mem, the flow velocity of water is 7.1-fold higher, and the residuals of sample are decreased by 60-67%, comparing those in NC Mem. SS Mem is used as lateral-flow membrane to prepare lateral-flow strips of nanogold LFA and fluorescence LFA for rapid detection of SARS CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. These LFAs require 210 s per detection, with limits of detection of 3.98 pg mL-1 and 53.3 fg mL-1, sensitivity of 96.5%, and specificity of 90%. The results suggest that SS Mem enables ultrafast, highly sensitive lateral-flow immunoassays and shows great potential as a new type of lateral-flow membrane to broaden the application of LFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiren Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Juanhua Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zihan Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Cuiping Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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7
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Tang Z, Luan K, Xu B, Liu H. Unidirectional transport of both wettable and nonwettable liquids on an asymmetrically concave structured surface. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:557-562. [PMID: 38933204 PMCID: PMC11197573 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unidirectional liquid transport (UDLT) has been widely used in various fields as an important process for transferring both mass and energy. However, UDLT driven by a structural gradient has been witnessed for a long time only in wettable liquids. For nonwettable liquids, UDLT can hardly proceed merely by a structural gradient. Herein, we propose an asymmetrically concave structured surface (AMC-surface), featuring tip-to-base periodically arranged pyramid-shaped concave structures with a certain degree of overlap, which enables the UDLT of both wettable and nonwettable liquids. For wettable liquids, the capillary force along each corner leads to the UDLT pointing toward the base side of the concave pyramid, while for nonwettable liquids, the UDLT is attributable to the static liquid pressure overwhelming the repulsive Laplace pressure induced by the asymmetric grooves and overlapping part. As a result, both wettable and nonwettable liquids transport spontaneously and unidirectionally on the AMC-surface with no energy input. Moreover, the concave structure endows good mechanical stability and can be easily prepared using a facile nail-punching approach over a large area. We also demonstrated its application in a continuous chemical reaction in a confined area. We envision that the unique UDLT behavior on the as-developed AMC-surface will shed new light on the programmable manipulation of various liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxue Tang
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kang Luan
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bojie Xu
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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8
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Han X, Jin R, Sun Y, Han K, Che P, Wang X, Guo P, Tan S, Sun X, Dai H, Dong Z, Heng L, Jiang L. Infinite Self-Propulsion of Circularly On/Discharged Droplets. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311729. [PMID: 38282097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Self-propulsion of droplets in a controlled and long path at a high-speed is crucial for organic synthesis, pathological diagnosis and programable lab-on-a-chip. To date, extensive efforts have been made to achieve droplet self-propulsion by asymmetric gradient, yet, existing structural, chemical, or charge density gradients can only last for a while (<50 mm). Here, this work designs a symmetrical waved alternating potential (WAP) on a superhydrophobic surface to charge or discharge the droplets during the transport process. By deeply studying the motion mechanisms for neutral droplets and charged droplets, the circularly on/discharged droplets achieve the infinite self-propulsion (>1000 mm) with an ultrahigh velocity of meters per second. In addition, after permutation and combination of two motion styles of the droplets, it can be competent for more interesting work, such as liquid diode and liquid logic gate. Being assembled into a microfluidic chip, the strategy would be applied in chemical synthesis, cell culture, and diagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Rongyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Keyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pengda Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Shengda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haoyu Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liping Heng
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 102206, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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9
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Singh N, Ghatak A. Enhancement of the Rate of Surface Reactions by the Elastocapillary Effect. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8771-8780. [PMID: 38621254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We examined the effect of deformability of a solid substrate on the kinetics of a surface reaction that occurs between chemical species present in it and a liquid dispensed on it. In particular, we have dispensed aqueous solutions of gold and silver salt as sessile drops or as a liquid pool on a cross-linked film of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The PDMS surface contains organosilane (SiH), which reduces the salt, producing metallic nanoparticles at the solid-liquid interface. These experiments reveal that, for a sufficiently soft solid, the reaction proceeds about three times faster in the drop mode than in the pool mode. The reaction conditions in both cases remain exactly identical except that, for the drop, the vertical component of the liquid surface tension deforms the solid substrate at the three-phase contact line. We have estimated the solid-liquid and solid-air interfacial energy, which along with the surface energy of the liquid gives an estimate of excess free energy. This energy is found to be different for the drop and pool modes. By considering that this excess free energy decreases the activation energy barrier for the reaction, we have shown that the reaction rate constant in the drop mode should indeed exceed that in the pool mode by about three times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India
| | - Animangsu Ghatak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India
- Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP 208016, India
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10
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Josyula T, Kumar Malla L, Thomas TM, Kalichetty SS, Sinha Mahapatra P, Pattamatta A. Fundamentals and Applications of Surface Wetting. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:8293-8326. [PMID: 38587490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In an era defined by an insatiable thirst for sustainable energy solutions, responsible water management, and cutting-edge lab-on-a-chip diagnostics, surface wettability plays a pivotal role in these fields. The seamless integration of fundamental research and the following demonstration of applications on these groundbreaking technologies hinges on manipulating fluid through surface wettability, significantly optimizing performance, enhancing efficiency, and advancing overall sustainability. This Review explores the behavior of liquids when they engage with engineered surfaces, delving into the far-reaching implications of these interactions in various applications. Specifically, we explore surface wetting, dissecting it into three distinctive facets. First, we delve into the fundamental principles that underpin surface wetting. Next, we navigate the intricate liquid-surface interactions, unraveling the complex interplay of various fluid dynamics, as well as heat- and mass-transport mechanisms. Finally, we report on the practical realm, where we scrutinize the myriad applications of these principles in everyday processes and real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswi Josyula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Laxman Kumar Malla
- School of Mechanical Sciences, Odisha University of Technology and Research, Bhubaneswar 751029, India
| | - Tibin M Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Arvind Pattamatta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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11
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Liu M, Hua J, Du X. Smart materials for light control of droplets. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38624048 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05593k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation plays a critical role in both fundamental research and practical applications, especially when combined with smart materials and external fields to achieve multifunctional droplet manipulation. Light control of droplets has emerged as a significant and widely used strategy, driven primarily by photochemistry, photomechanics, light-induced Marangoni effects, and light-induced electric effects. This approach allowing for droplet manipulation with high spatial and temporal resolution, all while maintaining a remote and non-contact mode of operation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying light control of droplets, the design of smart materials for this purpose, and the diverse range of applications enabled by this technique. These applications include merging, splitting, releasing, forwarding, backward movement, and rotation of droplets, as well as chemical reactions, droplet robots, and microfluidics. By presenting this information, we aim to establish a unified framework that guides the sustainable development of light control of droplets. Additionally, this review addresses the challenges associated with light control of droplets and suggests potential directions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Liu
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiachuan Hua
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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12
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Bai G, Zhang H, Gao D, Fei H, Guo C, Ren M, Liu Y. Controlled condensation by liquid contact-induced adaptations of molecular conformations in self-assembled monolayers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3132. [PMID: 38605051 PMCID: PMC11009314 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface condensation control strategies are crucial but commonly require relatively tedious, time-consuming, and expensive techniques for surface-chemical and topographical engineering. Here we report a strategy to alter surface condensation behavior without resorting to any molecule-type or topographical transmutations. After ultrafast contact of liquids with and removal from surfaces, the condensation rate and density of water droplets on the surfaces decrease, the extent of which is positively correlated with the polarity of the liquid and the duration of contact. The liquid contact-induced condensation rate/density decrease (LCICD) can be attributed to the decrease of nucleation site density resulted from the liquid contact-induced adaption of surface molecular conformation. Based on this, we find that LCICD is applicable to various surfaces, on condition that there are flexible segments capable of shielding at least part of nucleation sites through changing the conformation under liquid contact induction. Leveraging the LCICD effect, we achieve erasable information storage on diverse substrates. Furthermore, our strategy holds promise for controlling condensation of other substances since LCICD is not specific to the water condensation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China.
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, School of Health Science & Biomedical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Houguo Fei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cunlan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, P. R. China
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13
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Liang X, Karnaukh KM, Zhao L, Seshadri S, DuBose AJ, Bailey SJ, Cao Q, Cooper M, Xu H, Haggmark M, Helgeson ME, Gordon M, Luzzatto-Fegiz P, Read de Alaniz J, Zhu Y. Dynamic Manipulation of Droplets on Liquid-Infused Surfaces Using Photoresponsive Surfactant. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:684-694. [PMID: 38559290 PMCID: PMC10979485 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fast and programmable transport of droplets on a substrate is desirable in microfluidic, thermal, biomedical, and energy devices. Photoresponsive surfactants are promising candidates to manipulate droplet motion due to their ability to modify interfacial tension and generate "photo-Marangoni" flow under light stimuli. Previous works have demonstrated photo-Marangoni droplet migration in liquid media; however, migration on other substrates, including solid and liquid-infused surfaces (LIS), remains an outstanding challenge. Moreover, models of photo-Marangoni migration are still needed to identify optimal photoswitches and assess the feasibility of new applications. In this work, we demonstrate 2D droplet motion on liquid surfaces and on LIS, as well as rectilinear motion in solid capillary tubes. We synthesize photoswitches based on spiropyran and merocyanine, capable of tension changes of up to 5.5 mN/m across time scales as short as 1.7 s. A millimeter-sized droplet migrates at up to 5.5 mm/s on a liquid, and 0.25 mm/s on LIS. We observe an optimal droplet size for fast migration, which we explain by developing a scaling model. The model also predicts that faster migration is enabled by surfactants that maximize the ratio between the tension change and the photoswitching time. To better understand migration on LIS, we visualize the droplet flow using tracer particles, and we develop corresponding numerical simulations, finding reasonable agreement. The methods and insights demonstrated in this study enable advances for manipulation of droplets for microfluidic, thermal and water harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Liang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Kseniia M. Karnaukh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Serena Seshadri
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Austin J. DuBose
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Sophia J. Bailey
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Qixuan Cao
- Department
of Physics, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Marielle Cooper
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Hao Xu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Michael Haggmark
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Matthew E. Helgeson
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Michael Gordon
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of California
at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Paolo Luzzatto-Fegiz
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Javier Read de Alaniz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California at
Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
| | - Yangying Zhu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
California at Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-5070, United States
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14
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Norikane Y, Ohnuma M, Kwaria D, Kikkawa Y, Ohzono T, Mizokuro T, Abe K, Manabe K, Saito K. Photo-controllable azobenzene microdroplets on an open surface and their application as transporters. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1495-1501. [PMID: 38226904 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01774e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The control of droplet motion is a significant challenge, as there has been no simple method for effective manipulation. Utilizing light for the control of droplets offers a promising solution due to its non-contact nature and high degree of controllability. In this study, we present our findings on the translational motion of pre-photomelted droplets composed of azobenzene derivatives on a glass surface when exposed to UV and visible light sources from different directions. These droplets exhibited directional and continuous motion upon light irradiation and this motion was size-dependent. Only droplets with diameters less than 10 μm moved with a maximum velocity of 300 μm min-1. In addition, the direction of the movement was controllable by the direction of the light. The motion is driven by a change in contact angle, where UV or visible light switched the contact angle to approximately 50° or 35°, respectively. In addition, these droplets were also found to be capable carriers for fluorescent quantum dots. As such, droplets composed of photoresponsive molecules offer unique opportunities for designing novel light-driven open-surface microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Norikane
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mio Ohnuma
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Dennis Kwaria
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kikkawa
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takuya Ohzono
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Toshiko Mizokuro
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koji Abe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Kengo Manabe
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565, Japan.
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15
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Song Y, Zeng M, Wang X, Shi P, Fei M, Zhu J. Hierarchical Engineering of Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209134. [PMID: 37246306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting water from air in sorption-based devices is a promising solution to decentralized water production, aiming for providing potable water anywhere, anytime. This technology involves a series of coupled processes occurring at distinct length scales, ranging from nanometer to meter and even larger, including water sorption/desorption at the nanoscale, condensation at the mesoscale, device development at the macroscale and water scarcity assessment at the global scale. Comprehensive understanding and bespoke designs at every scale are thus needed to improve the water-harvesting performance. For this purpose, a brief introduction of the global water crisis and its key characteristics is provided to clarify the impact potential and design criteria of water harvesters. Next the latest molecular-level optimizations of sorbents for efficient moisture capture and release are discussed. Then, novel microstructuring of surfaces to enhance dropwise condensation, which is favorable for atmospheric water generation, is shown. After that, system-level optimizations of sorbent-assisted water harvesters to achieve high-yield, energy-efficient, and low-cost water harvesting are highlighted. Finally, future directions toward practical sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Zeng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Peiru Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Minfei Fei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
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16
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Ji Y, Yang B, Cai F, Song T, Yu H. Steerable mass transport in a photoresponsive system for advanced anticounterfeiting. iScience 2024; 27:108790. [PMID: 38292421 PMCID: PMC10826315 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous anticounterfeiting platforms using photoresponsive materials have been designed to improve information security, enabling applications in anticounterfeiting technology. However, fabricating sophisticated micro/nanostructures using bidirectional mass transport to achieve advanced anticounterfeiting remains challenging. Here, we propose one strategy to achieve steerable mass transport in a photoresponsive system with the assistance of solvent vapor at room temperature. Upon optimizing the host-guest ratio and the width of photoisomerized areas, wettability gradient is acquired just photo-patterning once, then bidirectional mass transport is realized due to the competition of mass transport induced by surface energy gradient of the material itself and flow of the solvent on the film surface with wettability gradient. Taking advantage of the interaction between solvent and film surface with wettability gradient, this bidirectional polymer flow has been successfully applied in multi-mode anticounterfeiting. This work paves a promising avenue toward high-level information storage in soft materials, demonstrating the potential applications in anticounterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianfu Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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17
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Li P, Zhan F, Wang L. Velocity-Switched Droplet Rebound Direction on Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305568. [PMID: 37752749 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Droplet well-controlled directional motion being an essential function has attracted much interest in academic and industrial applications, such as self-cleaning, micro-/nano-electro-mechanical systems, drug delivery, and heat-transferring. Conventional understanding has it that a droplet impacted on an anisotropic surface tends to bounce along the microstructural direction, which is mainly dictated by surface properties rather than initial conditions. In contrast to previous findings, it demonstrates that the direction of a droplet's rebound on an anisotropic surface can be switched by designing the initial impacting velocity. With an increase in impacting height from 2 to 10 cm, the droplet successively shows a backward, vertical, and forward motion on anisotropic surfaces. Theoretical demonstrations establish that the transition of droplet bouncing on the anisotropic surface is related to its dynamic wettability during impacting process. Characterized by the liquid-solid interaction, it is demonstrated that the contact state at small and large impacting heights induces an opposite resultant force in microstructures. Furthermore, energy balance analysis reveals that the energy conversion efficiency of backward motion is almost three times as that of traditional bouncing. This work, including experiments, theoretical models, and energy balance analysis provides insight view in droplet motions on the anisotropic surfaces and opens a new way for the droplet transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiliu Li
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Biomechanics and Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fei Zhan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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18
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Martin A, Pauls AM, Chang B, Boyce E, Thuo M. Photo-Activated Growth and Metastable Phase Transition in Metallic Solid Solutions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309865. [PMID: 38042991 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser processing in metals is versatile yet limited by its reliance on phase transformation through heating rather than electronic excitation due to their low absorptivity, attributing from highly ordered structures. Metastable states (i.e., surfaces, glasses, undercooled liquids), however, present a unique platform, both energetically and structurally to enable energy landscape tuning through selective stimuli. Herein, this ansatz is demonstrated by exploiting thin passivating oxides to stabilize an undercooled state, followed by photo-perturbation of the near surface order to induce convective Marangoni flows, edge-coalescence and phase transition into a larger metastable solid bearing asymmetric composition between the near surface and core of the formed structure. The self-terminating nature of the process creates a perfectly contained system which can maintain a high relaxation energy barrier hence deep metastable states for extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Martin
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Iowa State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Alana M Pauls
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Iowa State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Boyce Chang
- Iowa State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Eva Boyce
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Martin Thuo
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Iowa State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
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19
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Fotachov D, Raab R, Bart HJ, Oesterschulze E. Drainage during Condensation on Microgrooved Biphilic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1195-1202. [PMID: 38157413 PMCID: PMC10795191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate and compare the condensation behavior of hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and biphilic microgrooved silicon samples etched by reactive ion etching. The microgrooves were 25 mm long and 17-19 μm deep with different topologies depending on the etching process. Anisotropically etched samples had 30 μm wide rectangular microgrooves and silicon ridges between them. They were either left hydrophilic or covered with a hydrophobic fluorocarbon or photoresist layer. Anisotropically etched samples consisted of 48 μm wide semicircular shaped microgrooves, 12 μm wide silicon ridges between them, and a 30 μm wide photoresist stripe centered on the ridges. The lateral dimensions were chosen to be much smaller than the capillary length of water to support drainage of droplets by coalescence rather than droplet sliding. Furthermore, to achieve a low thermal resistance of the periodic surface structure consisting of water-filled grooves and silicon ridges, the trench depth was also kept small. The dripped-off total amount of condensate (AoC) was measured for each sample for 12 h under the same boundary conditions (chamber temperature 30 °C, cooling temperature 6 °C, and relative humidity 60%). The maximum increase in AoC of 15.9% (9.6%) against the hydrophilic (hydrophobic) reference sample was obtained for the biphilic samples. In order to elucidate their unique condensation behavior, in situ optical imaging was performed at normal incidence. It shows that the drainage of droplets from the stripe's surface into the microgrooves as well as occasional droplet sliding events are the dominant processes to clear the surface. To rationalize this behavior, the Hough Circle Transform algorithm was implemented for image processing to receive additional information about the transient droplet size and number distribution. Postprocessing of these data allows calculation of the transient water load on the stripe's surface, which shows an oscillatory behavior not previously reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fotachov
- Department
of Physics, Physics and Technology of Nanostructures, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Raphael Raab
- Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Bart
- Fluidverfahrenstechnik, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Egbert Oesterschulze
- Department
of Physics, Physics and Technology of Nanostructures, Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
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20
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Ding L, Dong S, Yu Y, Li X, An L. Bionic Surfaces for Fog Collection: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Organisms and Bioinspired Strategies. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5193-5209. [PMID: 38104272 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity has become a critical global threat, particularly in arid and underdeveloped regions. However, certain insects and plants have evolved the capability to obtain water from fog under these arid conditions. Bionic fog collection, characterized by passive harvesting, minimal energy requirements, and low maintenance costs, has proven to be an efficient method for water harvesting, offering a sustainable water source. This review introduces two superwettable surfaces, namely, superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, detailing their preparation methods and applications in fog collection. The fog collection mechanisms of three typical natural organisms, Namib Desert beetles, spider silk, and cactus, along with their bionic surfaces for fog collection devices, are discussed. Additionally, other biological surfaces exhibiting fog transport properties are presented. The main challenges regarding the fabrication and application of bionic fog collection are summarized. Furthermore, we firmly believe that environmentally friendly, low-cost, and stable fog collection materials or devices hold promising prospects for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Ding
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Shuliang Dong
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Xianzhun Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Libao An
- College of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, No. 21 Bohai Road, Caofeidian Xincheng, Tangshan 063210, China
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21
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Chen W, Liu K, Liao X, Wu J, Chen L, Yang Z, Wang X, Liao Y, Fu G, Yang X, Wang Z, Qu G, Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Yang C, Ni S, Zheng J, Tao TH, Zou D. Harmonizing Thickness and Permeability in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Novel Silk Fibroin Membrane Inspired by Spider Silk Dynamics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310697. [PMID: 38102951 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration gathers significant interest in the realm of bone tissue engineering; however, the interplay between membrane thickness and permeability continues to pose a challenge that can be addressed by the water-collecting mechanism of spider silk, where water droplets efficiently move from smooth filaments to rough conical nodules. Inspired by the natural design of spider silk, an innovative silk fibroin membrane is developed featuring directional fluid transportation via harmoniously integrating a smooth, dense layer with a rough, loose layer; conical microchannels are engineered in the smooth and compact layer. Consequently, double-layered membranes with cone-shaped microporous passageways (CSMP-DSF membrane) are designed for in situ bone repair. Through extensive in vitro testing, it is noted that the CSMP-DSF membrane guides liquid flow from the compact layer's surface to the loose layer, enabling rapid diffusion. Remarkably, the CSMP-DSF membrane demonstrates superior mechanical properties and resistance to bacterial adhesion. When applied in vivo, the CSMP-DSF membrane achieves results on par with the commercial Bio-Gide collagen membranes. This innovative integration of a cross-thickness wetting gradient structure offers a novel solution, harmonizing the often-conflicting requirements of material transport, mechanical strength, and barrier effectiveness, while also addressing issues related to tissue engineering scaffold perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Keyin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liao
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jing Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Lu Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xiping Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yinxiu Liao
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guiqiang Fu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaonian Yang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zishuo Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guanlin Qu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Li Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - ZhiYuan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Chi Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Siyuan Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jisi Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Tiger H Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Duohong Zou
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Department of Oral Surgery Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230032, China
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22
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Sun P, Hao X, Jin Y, Yin Y, Wu C, Zhang J, Gao L, Wang S, Wang Z. Heterogenous Slippery Surfaces: Enabling Spontaneous and Rapid Transport of Viscous Liquids with Viscosities Exceeding 10 000 mPa s. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304218. [PMID: 37649201 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic and slippery lubricant-infused surfaces have garnered significant attention for their potential to passively transport low-viscosity liquids like water (1 mPa s). Despite exciting progress, these designs have proven ineffective for transporting high-viscosity liquids such as polydimethylsiloxane (5500 mPa s) due to their inherent limitations imposed by the homogenous surface design, resulting in high viscous drags and compromised capillary forces. Here, a heterogenous water-infused divergent surface (WIDS) is proposed that achieves spontaneous, rapid, and long-distance transport of viscous liquids. WIDS reduces viscous drag by spatially isolating the viscous liquids and surface roughness through its heterogenous, slippery topological design, and generates capillary forces through its heterogenous wetting distributions. The essential role of surface heterogeneity in viscous liquid transport is theoretically and experimentally verified. Remarkably, such a heterogenous paradigm enables transporting liquids with viscosities exceeding 12 500 mPa s, which is two orders of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art techniques. Furthermore, this heterogenous design is generic for various viscous liquids and can be made flexible, making it promising for various systems that require viscous liquid management, such as micropatterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqing Hao
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Yuankai Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Lujia Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Steven Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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23
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Ou K, Li J, Hou Y, Qi K, Dai Y, Wang M, Wang B. Hierarchical nanofibrous and recyclable membrane with unidirectional water-transport effect for efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 656:474-484. [PMID: 38007939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology has attracted significant attention for water purification. However, design and fabrication of solar-driven evaporator with cost-effective, excellent capability and large-scale production remains challenging. In this study, inspired by plant transpiration, a tri-layered hierarchical nanofibrous photothermal membrane (HNPM) with a unidirectional water transport effect was designed and prepared via electrospinning for efficient solar-driven interfacial evaporation. The synergistic effect of the hierarchical hydrophilic-hydrophobic structure and the self-pumping effect endowed the HNPM with unidirectional water transport properties. The HNPM could unidirectionally drive water from the hydrophobic layer to the hydrophilic layer within 2.5 s and prevent reverse water penetration. With this unique property, the HNPM was coupled with a water supply component and thermal insulator to assemble a self-floating evaporator for water desalination. Under 1 sun illumination, the water evaporation rates of the designed evaporator with HNPM in pure water and dyed wastewater reached 1.44 and 1.78 kg·m-2·h-1, respectively. The evaporator could achieve evaporation of 11.04 kg·m-2 in 10 h under outdoor solar conditions. Moreover, the tri-layered HNPM exhibited outstanding flexibility and recyclability. Our bionic hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic structure endowed the solar-driven evaporator with capillary wicking and transpiration effects, which provides a rational design and optimization for efficient solar-driven applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Ou
- School of Textiles and Fashion, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China; Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, PR China
| | - Jingbo Li
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, PR China
| | - Yijun Hou
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, PR China
| | - Kun Qi
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, PR China.
| | - Yunling Dai
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, PR China
| | - Mengting Wang
- Research Institute of Textile and Clothing Industries, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, PR China
| | - Baoxiu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
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24
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Hou L, Liu X, Ge X, Hu R, Cui Z, Wang N, Zhao Y. Designing of anisotropic gradient surfaces for directional liquid transport: Fundamentals, construction, and applications. Innovation (N Y) 2023; 4:100508. [PMID: 37753526 PMCID: PMC10518492 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2023.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Many biological surfaces are capable of transporting liquids in a directional manner without energy consumption. Inspired by nature, constructing asymmetric gradient surfaces to achieve desired droplet transport, such as a liquid diode, brings an incredibly valuable and promising area of research with a wide range of applications. Enabled by advances in nanotechnology and manufacturing techniques, biomimetics has emerged as a promising avenue for engineering various types of anisotropic material system. Over the past few decades, this approach has yielded significant progress in both fundamental understanding and practical applications. Theoretical studies revealed that the heterogeneous composition and topography mainly govern the wetting mechanisms and dynamics behavior of droplets, including the interdisciplinary aspects of materials, chemistry, and physics. In this review, we provide a concise overview of various biological surfaces that exhibit anisotropic droplet transport. We discussed the theoretical foundations and mechanisms of droplet motion on designed surfaces and reviewed recent research advances in droplet directional transport on designed plane surfaces and Janus membranes. Such liquid-diode materials yield diverse promising applications, involving droplet collection, liquid separation and delivery, functional textiles, and biomedical applications. We also discuss the recent challenges and ongoing approaches to enhance the functionality and application performance of anisotropic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Printing and Packaging Engineer, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinran Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongjun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Zhimin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nü Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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25
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Ji Y, Yang W, Li X, Hou K, Du P, Zhao H, Fan Z, Xu B, Cai Z. Thermodynamically Induced Interfacial Condensation for Efficient Fog Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304037. [PMID: 37469016 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Fog harvesting is a sustainable approach to dealing with the global freshwater crisis. A range of strategies in microstructure design and wettability remodeling for fog management are clearly explained. However, the influence of thermodynamic endothermic and exothermic processes on fog harvesting is rarely explored. Here, a thermodynamically induced interfacial condensation-enhanced fog-harvesting fabric (AWF-6) is developed that also incorporates asymmetric geometry and surface chemistry. By coupling the high thermal conductivity interface supported by boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), the Laplace pressure difference generated by nanoneedles, and the wettability gradient constructed by stearic acid (STA), the fabric achieves a water collection rate (WCR) of 1538.4 mg h cm-2 , which is the maximum value in state-of-the-art cotton-based fog harvesting devices (FHDs). Furthermore, the potential application of AWF-6 in agricultural irrigation is demonstrated. This study shows a thermodynamic proposal for building next-generation fibrous FHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Ji
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Keru Hou
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peibo Du
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhuizhui Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bi Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zaisheng Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
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26
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Zhan D, Guo Z. Overview of the design of bionic fine hierarchical structures for fog collection. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4827-4856. [PMID: 37743773 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01094e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Nature always uses its special wisdom to construct elegant and suitable schemes. Consequently, organisms in the flora and fauna are endowed with fine hierarchical structures (HS) to adapt to the harsh environment due to many years of evolution. Water is one of the most important resources; however, easy access to it is one the biggest challenges faced by human beings. In this case, fog collection (FC) is considered an efficient method to collect water, where bionic HS can be the bridge to efficiently facilitate the process of the FC. In this review, firstly, we discuss the basic principles of FC. Secondly, the role of HS in FC is analyzed in terms of the microstructure of typical examples of plants and animals. Simultaneously, the water-harvesting function of HS in a relatively new organism, fungal filament, is also presented. Thirdly, the HS design in each representative work is analyzed from a biomimetic perspective (single to multiple biomimetic approaches). The role of HS in FC, and then the FC performance of each work are analyzed in order of spatial dimension from a bionic perspective. Finally, the challenges at this stage and the outlook for the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyan Zhan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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27
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Thomas TM, Mahapatra PS. Wicking assisted condenser platform with patterned wettability for space application. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18095. [PMID: 37872326 PMCID: PMC10593764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vapor condensation is extensively used in applications that demand the exchange of a substantial amount of heat energy or the vapor-liquid phase conversion. In conventional condensers, the condensate removal from a subcooled surface is caused by gravity force. This restricts the use of such condensers in space applications or horizontal orientations. The current study demonstrates proof-of-concept of a novel plate-type condenser platform for passively removing condensate from a horizontally oriented surface to the surrounding wicking reservoir without gravity. The condensing surface is engineered with patterned wettabilities, which enables the continuous migration of condensate from the inner region of the condenser surface to the side edges via surface energy gradient. The surrounding wicking reservoir facilitates the continuous absorption of condensate from the side edges. The condensation dynamics on different substrates with patterned wettabilities are investigated, and their condensation heat transfer performance is compared. The continuous migration of condensate drops from a superhydrophobic to a superhydrophilic area can rejuvenate the nucleation sites in the superhydrophobic area, resulting in increased heat transport. The proposed condenser design with engineered wettability can be used for temperature and humidity management applications in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibin M Thomas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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28
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Du Y, Wu T, Zhou W, Li C, Ding C, Chen P, Xie H, Qu J. Cicada Wing-Inspired Transparent Polystyrene Film Integrating Self-Cleaning, Antifogging, and Antibacterial Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46538-46549. [PMID: 37729522 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
A transparent film integrating antifouling, antifogging, and antibacterial properties is crucial for its application as a protective mask, goggles, or lens. Herein, applying dynamic injection molding coupled with a bionic gradient template, a fast and efficient method is proposed for the preparation of the bionic polystyrene surface (BNPPS) with a cicada wing-inspired nanopillar structure. The contact angle of the BNPPS film increases continuously along the wing vein, while the sliding angle decreases continuously, mimicking the gradient wetting state of a cicada wing and providing excellent self-propelled removal properties for tiny water droplets. Notably, the BNPPS film has a transmittance higher than 90% and a reflectivity lower than 5% in the visible light range. Dyeing water, milk, juice, cola, and ink can slide smoothly from the BNPPS film surface without leaving any residue. Importantly, the nanopillars on the BNPPS film surface can penetrate and kill most of the Escherichia coli within 20 min. Therefore, the prepared BNPPS film with sufficient mechanical strength gathers the unique properties of the cicada wing together. The proposed research is expected to offer valuable guidance for fabricating self-cleaning, antifogging, and antibacterial optical devices that could be utilized in medical and vision systems operating in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Weilong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Kingfa Science and Technology Co., LTD., Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Kingfa Science and Technology Co., LTD., Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Pingxu Chen
- Kingfa Science and Technology Co., LTD., Guangzhou 510663, Guangdong, China
| | - Heng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jinping Qu
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure and Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Technique and Equipment for Macromolecular Advanced Manufacturing, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
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29
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Li W, Li D, Zhu X, Ye D, Yang Y, Wang H, Chen R, Liao Q. Light-manipulated binary droplet transport on a high-energy surface. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4287-4301. [PMID: 37682034 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and precise manipulation of droplet transport is of significance for scientific and engineering applications, but real-time and on-demand droplet manipulation remains a challenge. Herein, we report a strategy using light for the outstanding manipulation of binary droplet motion on a high-energy surface and reveal the underlying mechanism. Upon irradiation to a substrate by a focused light beam, the substrate can provide a localized heating source via photothermal conversion, and a binary droplet can be flexibly transported on a high-energy surface with free contact-line pinning, exhibiting light-propelled droplet transport. We theoretically showed that the surface tension gradient across the droplet interface resulting from the localized photothermal effect is responsible for actuating droplet transport. Remarkably, the high reconfigurability and flexibility of light allowed for binary droplet transport with dynamically tunable velocity and direction as well as arbitrary trajectory assisted by 2D channels on a high-energy surface. Complex droplet transportation, controllable droplet coalescence, and anti-gravity motion were realized. The promising applicability of this light-fueled droplet platform was also demonstrated by directional transport of biosample droplets containing DNA molecules and cells, as well as successional microreactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Dingding Ye
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400030, China.
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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30
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Yang JL, Song YY, Zhang X, Zhang ZQ, Cheng GG, Liu Y, Lv GJ, Ding JN. Research progress of bionic fog collection surfaces based on special structures from natural organisms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:27839-27864. [PMID: 37731827 PMCID: PMC10508262 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04253g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing shortage of water resources, people are seeking more innovative ways to collect fog to meet the growing need for production and the demand for livelihood. It has been proven that fog collection is efficient for collecting water in dry but foggy areas. As a hot research topic in recent years, bionic surfaces with fog collection functions have attracted widespread attention in practical applications and basic research. By studying natural organisms and bionic surfaces, more avenues are provided for the development of fog collection devices. Firstly, starting from biological prototypes, this article explored the structural characteristics and fog collection mechanisms of natural organisms such as spider silk, desert beetles, cactus, Nepenthes and other animals and plants (Sarracenia, shorebird and wheat awn), revealing the fog collection mechanism of the natural organisms based on microstructures. Secondly, based on the theory of interfacial tension, we would delve into the fog collection function's theoretical basis and wetting model, expounding the fog collection mechanism from a theoretical perspective. Thirdly, a detailed introduction was given to prepare bionic surfaces and recently explore fog collection devices. For bionic surfaces of a single biological prototype, the fog collection efficiency is about 2000-4000 mg cm-2 h-1. For bionic surfaces of multiple biological prototypes, the fog collection efficiency reaches 7000 mg cm-2 h-1. Finally, a critical analysis was conducted on the current challenges and future developments, aiming to promote the next generation of fog collection devices from a scientific perspective from research to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lei Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yun-Yun Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Qiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Guang-Gui Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun 130022 P. R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Lv
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ning Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225127 Jiangsu P. R. China
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31
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Bei Z, Zhang X, Tian X. The Mechanism by Which Umbrella-Shaped Ratchet Trichomes on the Elaeagnus angustifolia Leaf Surface Collect Water and Reflect Light. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1024. [PMID: 37508453 PMCID: PMC10376016 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Leaves are essential for plants, enabling photosynthesis and transpiration. In arid regions, water availability limits plant growth. Some plants, like Elaeagnus angustifolia, a sandy sub-tree species widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions, have unique leaf structures to reduce water loss and solar radiation. Here, we describe the leaves of Elaeagnus angustifolia L., with special functioning trichomes. Through leaf submicroscopic structure observation, in situ water collection experiments, photosynthesis measurements, and reflection spectrum analysis, we investigated E. angustifolia leaves, focusing on their functioning trichomes. These trichomes capture water vapor, reflect UV and NIR light, and possess a 3D interface structure composed of 1D and 2D structures. The 1D conical structure captures water droplets, which are then gathered by the radial conical structure and guided towards the stomata through wedge-shaped grooves on the 2D umbrella structure. The trichomes also reflect sunlight, with micropapillae reflecting UV light and the umbrella structure reflecting NIR light. These mechanisms reduce leaf temperature, respiration, and water transpiration, protecting against solar radiation damage. This study provides insights into water collection and light-reflection mechanisms, revealing adaptive strategies of plants with large leaves in arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanlin Bei
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Hassan RU, Khalil SM, Khan SA, Moon J, Cho DH, Byun D. Electric field and viscous fluid polarity effects on capillary-driven flow dynamics between parallel plates. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16395. [PMID: 37251468 PMCID: PMC10220362 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
-Micropumps have attracted considerable interest in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), microfluidic devices, and biomedical engineering to transfer fluids through capillaries. However, improving the sluggish capillary-driven flow of highly viscous fluids is critical for commercializing MEMS devices, particularly in underfill applications. This study investigated the behavior of different viscous fluid flows under the influence of capillary and electric potential effects. We observed that upon increasing the electric potential to 500 V, the underfill flow length of viscous fluids increased by 45% compared to their capillary flow length. To explore the dynamics of underfill flow under the influence of an electric potential, the polarity of highly viscous fluids was altered by adding NaCl. The results indicated an increase of 20-41% in the underfill flow length of highly viscous conductive fluids (0.5-4% NaCl additives in glycerol) at 500 V compared to that at 0 V. The underfill viscous fluid flow length improved under the electric potential effect owing to the polarity across the substance and increased permittivity of the fluid. A time-dependent simulation, which included a quasi-electrostatic module, level set module, and laminar two-phase flow, was executed using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to analyze the effect of the external electric field on the capillary-driven flow. The numerical simulation results agreed well with the experimental data, with an average deviation of 4-7% at various time steps for different viscous fluids. Our findings demonstrate the potential of utilizing electric fields to control the capillary-driven flow of highly viscous fluids in underfill applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ul Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Saeed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
| | - Joonkyeong Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 33 Dongjin-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52725, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Byun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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33
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Hou Y, Weng D, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Chen L, Wang J. Near-Infrared Light Responsive Surface with Switchable Wettability in Microstructure and Surface Chemistry. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:6276-6286. [PMID: 37083283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent surfaces with reversibly switchable wettability have recently drawn considerable attention. One typical strategy to obtain such a surface is to change the surface chemistry or the microstructure. Herein, we report a new smart surface for which the wettability was controlled by both the surface chemistry and microstructure. Various wetting states were reversibly and precisely controlled through heating, pressing, NIR irradiation, and oxygen plasma treatment. The excellent shape memory characteristics of shape memory polyurethane (SMPU) and the controlled release of hydrophobic/hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups contributed to this ability. Microcapsules were used to design these smart surfaces. They controlled the release of a fluorinated alkyl silane (FAS) through shell melting, changed the surface composition, and played a decisive role in protecting the FAS against hydrolysis and evaporation to ensure that the surface's wettability is recyclable. Controlling of the surface chemistry or microstructure was repeated for at least 19 or 16 cycles, respectively, which indicated excellent repeatability compared to other smart surfaces. Based on the excellent controllability, the surface exhibited multiple functions, such as liquid directional transport and coefficient of friction control. In addition, it maintained this extraordinary ability under harsh environments owing to the great stability of the SMPU and adequate protection of the FAS by the microcapsules. With switchable wettability based on the surface chemistry and microstructure, this work provides a new principle for designing smart surfaces with wettability controlled in two ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ding Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiadao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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34
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Maiti S, Roh S, Cohen I, Abbott NL. Non-equilibrium ordering of liquid crystalline (LC) films driven by external gradients in surfactant concentration. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 637:134-146. [PMID: 36696789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Gradients in the concentration of amphiphiles play an important role in many non-equilibrium processes involving complex fluids. Here we explore if non-equilibrium interfacial behaviors of thermotropic (oily) liquid crystals (LCs) can amplify microscopic gradients in surfactant concentration into macroscopic optical signals. EXPERIMENTS We use a milli-fluidic system to generate gradients in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and optically quantify the dynamic ordering of micrometer-thick nematic LC films that contact the gradients. FINDINGS We find that the reordering of the LCs is dominated by interfacial shearing by Marangoni flows, thus providing simple methods for rapid mapping of interfacial velocities from a single optical image and investigating the effects of confinement of surfactant-driven interfacial flows. Additionally, we establish that surface advection and surfactant desorption are the two key processes that regulate the interfacial flows, revealing that the dynamic response of the LC can provide rapid and potentially high throughput approaches to measurement of non-equilibrium interfacial properties of amphiphiles. We also observe flow-induced assemblies of microparticles to form at the LC interface, hinting at new non-equilibrium approaches to microparticle assembly. We conclude that dynamic states adopted by LCs in the presence of surfactant concentration gradients provide new opportunities for engineering complex fluids beyond equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Maiti
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Sangchul Roh
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Itai Cohen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Nicholas L Abbott
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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35
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Feldmann D, Pinchasik BE. The temperature dependent dynamics and periodicity of dropwise condensation on surfaces with wetting heterogeneities. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 644:146-156. [PMID: 37105038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Biphilic surfaces, namely surfaces comprising hydrophilic areas with a (super)hydrophobic background, are used in nature and engineering for controlled dropwise condensation and liquid transport. These, however, are highly dependent on the surface temperature and subcooling. EXPERIMENTS Here, biphilic surfaces were cooled inside a rotatable environmental chamber under controlled humidity. The condensation dynamics on the surface was quantified, depending on the subcooling, and compared to uniform superhydrophobic (USH) surfaces. Rates of condensation and transport were analyzed in terms of droplet number and size, covered area and fluid volume over several length scales. Specifically, from microscale condensation to macroscale droplet roll-off. FINDINGS Four phases of condensation were identified: a) initial nucleation, b) droplets on single patches, c) droplets covering adjacent patches and d) multi-patch droplets. Only the latter become mobile and roll off the surface. Cooling the surface to temperatures between T = 2-16 °C shows that lowering the temperature shortens some of the condensation parameters linearly, while others follow a power law, as expected from the theory of condensation. The temperature dependent condensation dynamics on (super)biphilic surfaces is faster in comparison to uniform superhydrophobic surfaces. Nevertheless, within time intervals of a few hours, droplets are mostly immobile. This sets guiding lines for using biphilic surfaces in applications such as water collection, heat transfer and separation processes. Generally, biphilic surfaces are suitable for applications in which fluids should be collected, concentrated and immobilized in specific areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feldmann
- Tel Aviv University School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Bat-El Pinchasik
- Tel Aviv University School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ramat Aviv 69978, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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36
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Pragya A, Ghosh TK. Soft Functionally Gradient Materials and Structures - Natural and Manmade: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300912. [PMID: 37031358 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Functionally gradient materials (FGM) have gradual variations in their properties along one or more dimensions due to local compositional or structural distinctions by design. Traditionally, hard materials (e.g., metals, ceramics) are used to design and fabricate FGMs; however, there is increasing interest in polymer-based soft and compliant FGMs mainly because of their potential application in the human environment. Soft FGMs are ideally suitable to manage interfacial problems in dissimilar materials used in many emerging devices and systems for human interaction, such as soft robotics and electronic textiles and beyond. Soft systems are ubiquitous in everyday lives; they are resilient and can easily deform, absorb energy, and adapt to changing environments. Here, the basic design and functional principles of biological FGMs and their manmade counterparts are discussed using representative examples. The remarkable multifunctional properties of natural FGMs resulting from their sophisticated hierarchical structures, built from a relatively limited choice of materials, offer a rich source of new design paradigms and manufacturing strategies for manmade materials and systems for emerging technological needs. Finally, the challenges and potential pathways are highlighted to leverage soft materials' facile processability and unique properties toward functional FGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Pragya
- Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, Fiber, and Polymer Science Program, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Tushar K Ghosh
- Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, Fiber, and Polymer Science Program, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Fang Y, Xu W, Yang L, Qu H, Wang W, Zhang S, Li H. Electricity-Wettability Controlled Fast Transmission of Dopamine in Nanochannels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205488. [PMID: 36617514 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Achieving fast transmembrane transmission of molecules in organisms is a challenging problem. Inspired by the transport of Dopmine (DA) in organisms, the DA transporter (DAT) binds to DA in a way that has a ring recognition (the recognition group is the tryptophan group). Herein, D-Tryptophan-pillar[5]arene (D-Trp-P5) functionalized conical nanochannel is constructed to achieve fast transmission of DA. The D-Trp-P5 functionalized nanochannel enables specific wettability recognition of DA molecules and has great cycle stability. With the controlling of voltage to wettability, the transport flux of DA is up to 499.73 nmol cm-2 h-1 at -6 V, 16.88 times higher than that under positive voltages. In response to these results, a high-throughput DA transport device based on controlled electricity-wettability is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haonan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Siyun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Haibing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
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38
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Autonomous and directional flow of water and transport of particles across a subliming dynamic crystal surface. Nat Chem 2023; 15:677-684. [PMID: 36927787 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical and morphological traits of natural substrates that can propel and transport fluids over their surfaces have long provided inspiration for the engineering of artificial materials that can harvest and collect water from aerial humidity. Here we report that the gradual widening of parallel microchannels on a surface of a slowly subliming hexachlorobenzene crystal can promote the autonomous and bidirectional transduction of condensed aerial water. Driven by topology changes on the surface of the crystal and water exchange with the gas phase, droplets of condensed water migrate over the crystal. These droplets are also able to transport silver particles and other particulate matter, such as dust. The velocity of the particles was shown to be dependent on both the sublimation rate of the crystal and the relative humidity of its environment. This example of a sublimation-powered water flow demonstrates that topological surface changes accompanying crystal phase transitions can be harnessed to transport liquid and solid matter over surfaces.
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39
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Zhang J, Ding W, Hampel U. How droplets pin on solid surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 640:940-948. [PMID: 36907154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS When a droplet starts sliding on a solid surface, the droplet-solid friction force develops in a manner comparable to the solid-solid friction force, showing a static regime and a kinetic regime. Today, the kinetic friction force that acts on a sliding droplet is well-characterized. But the mechanism underlying the static friction force is still less understood. Here we hypothesize that we can further draw an analogy between the detailed droplet-solid and solid-solid friction law, i.e., the static friction force is contact area dependent. METHODS We deconstruct a complex surface defect into three primary surface defects (atomic structure, topographical defect, and chemical heterogeneity). Using large-scale Molecular Dynamics simulations, we study the mechanisms of droplet-solid static friction forces induced by primary surface defects. FINDINGS Three element-wise static friction forces related to primary surface defects are revealed and the corresponding mechanisms for the static friction force are disclosed. We find that the static friction force induced by chemical heterogeneity is contact line length dependent, while the static friction force induced by atomic structure and topographical defect is contact area dependent. Moreover, the latter causes energy dissipation and leads to a wiggle movement of the droplet during the static-kinetic friction transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Zhang
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Dresden 01328, Germany.
| | - Wei Ding
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Dresden 01328, Germany.
| | - Uwe Hampel
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Dresden 01328, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Power Engineering, Dresden 01062, Germany.
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40
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Zhou S, Jiang L, Dong Z. Overflow Control for Sustainable Development by Superwetting Surface with Biomimetic Structure. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2276-2310. [PMID: 35522923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid flowing around a solid edge, i.e., overflow, is a commonly observed flow behavior. Recent research into surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled overflow behavior has attracted much attention. Achieving controllable macroscale liquid dynamics by manipulating the micro-nanoscale liquid overflow has stimulated diverse scientific interest and fostered widespread use in practical applications. In this review, we outline the evolution of overflow and present a critical survey of the mechanism of surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled liquid overflow in multilength scales ranging from centimeter to micro and even nanoscale. We summarize the latest progress in utilizing the mechanisms to manipulate liquid overflow and achieve macroscale liquid dynamics and in emerging applications to manipulate overflow for sustainable development in various fields, along with challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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41
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Shakeri Bonab M, Minetti C, Iorio CS, Zhao D, Liu QS, Ou J, Kempers R, Amirfazli A. Experimental Investigation of Dropwise Condensation Shedding by Shearing Airflow in Microgravity Using Different Surface Coatings. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:64-74. [PMID: 36575153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The shedding kinematics of water droplets in a condensation environment when exposed to aerodynamic forces in microgravity was studied. Understanding the shedding of droplets from a surface is a critical part of the dropwise condensation process for improving heat transfer. Because gravity as a droplet removal technique is not available in space, the use of airflow to shed droplets is considered for condensing heat exchangers in environmental control and life support systems. Surface coatings affect drop adhesion, and here, four different surfaces (PMMA, PS, PTFE, and SHS) and various droplet sizes (80, 60, and 40 μL) were used to understand the above phenomenon. It was found that the critical velocity to shed a droplet in microgravity was up to 8% lower than that in normal gravity. Also, the effect of the droplet size was investigated for both microgravity and normal gravity; the shedding velocity was lower for microgravity, and it decreased as droplet size increased. Increasing the hydrophobicity of the coating decreased the critical velocity for shedding. Finally, the droplet was found to detach from superhydrophobic surfaces in microgravity. The detachment of droplets from the substrate will hamper the condensation process that can produce a larger fresh area; also, detachment of droplets and entrainment in airflow counter the concept of removing moisture from the air in a dehumidification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Shakeri Bonab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, OntarioM3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Christoph Minetti
- Service Chimie-Physique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carlo Saverio Iorio
- Service Chimie-Physique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101400, China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101400, China
| | - Junfei Ou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou213006, China
| | - Roger Kempers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, OntarioM3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alidad Amirfazli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, OntarioM3J 1P3, Canada
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42
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Jiao S, Ma D, Cheng Z, Meng J. Super-Slippery Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Brush Surfaces: From Fabrication to Practical Application. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202200379. [PMID: 36650726 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Superwetting surfaces with special slippery performances have been the focus of practical applications and basic research for decades. Compared to superhydrophobic/superoleophobic and slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS), liquid-like covalently attached poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) brush surfaces have no trouble in constructing the micro/nanostructure and the loss of infused lubricant, meanwhile, it can also provide lots of new advantages, such as smooth, transparent, pressure- and temperature-resistant, and low contact angle hysteresis (CAH) to diverse liquids. This paper focuses on the relationship between the wetting performance and practical functional application of PDMS brush surfaces. Recent progress of the preparation of PDMS brush surfaces and their super-slippery performances, with a special focus on diverse functional applications were summarized. Finally, perspectives on future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzheng Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Deping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Junhui Meng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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43
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Dai Q, Yan J, Sadeghi A, Huang W, Wang X, Khonsari MM. Creating lifting force in liquids via thermal gradients. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:245-253. [PMID: 36155919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we explore a concept and present the first experimental evidence to show that it is possible to form a stable liquid film and create lifting force at the interface via thermal gradient to minimize interfacial rubbing of surfaces and the associated wear. The approach is based on manipulating the flow behavior via thermocapillary, which describes how a liquid can be made to flow from warm to cold regions purely by inducing a thermal gradient. We show that liquid bridges between two parallel plates can be manipulated and stabilized under a combined effect of the thermocapillary flow and the Couette flow, which describes the motion of a viscous fluid between two parallel plates in a relative sliding motion. The equilibrium stage is confirmed under different experimental conditions of a thermal gradient, interfacial gap, liquid viscosity, and liquid bridge volume. A strategy is proposed to control liquid motion and create lifting force between two plates. A theoretical model is also presented to illustrate the principle of the equilibrium stage. Creating lifting forces at the interface offers a new thermo-hydrodynamic tool for manipulating liquids behavior. This approach has the potential for controlling liquid motion in mechanical components and nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; Institute for Nano- and Microfluidics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany.
| | - Jin Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Arman Sadeghi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran
| | - Wei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Helicopter Transmission, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - M M Khonsari
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.
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44
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Surface Tension Gradient Driven Autonomous Fatty Acid-Tetrahydrofuran Liquid Moving Drops: Spreading to Pinning. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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45
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Wang R, Jin F, Li Y, Yu X, Lai H, Liu Y, Cheng Z. Slippery Shape Memory Tube for Smart Droplet Transportation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:57399-57407. [PMID: 36524943 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, research about controllable droplet transportation in tubes has aroused increased interest. However, existing strategies mainly depend on the elastic tube's shape variation that needs constant external stimuli. Meanwhile, these reported tubes are only suitable for wetting liquids. To achieve the transportation of diverse liquids, different coatings are needed to modify the tube's inner surface to realize complete wetting of different liquids. Herein, we advance a design principle by combining a shape memory polymer (SMP) tube and Nepenthes pitcher plant-inspired slippery surface, which can solve the above-mentioned problems. The SMP offers a tunable tube shape owing to its shape memory effect (SME); the slippery surface reduces the adhesion and expands the applicable range of liquids. Transportation of both water and oils in a wide range of surface tension values can be smartly controlled. The results show that not only the transportation speed and direction can be adjusted but also diverse modes including round-trip transportation, segmented transportation, and antigravity transportation can be achieved. Moreover, applications of the tube in batch inspection of different droplets and step-by-step control of multiple microreactions are also displayed. This work reports a strategy for droplet transportation control based on the tube's SME, which initiates some fresh ideas for designing new superwetting materials toward smart liquid transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, P. R. China
| | - Fan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, P. R. China
| | - Yufen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, P. R. China
| | - Hua Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource & Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin150090, P. R. China
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46
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Si W, Guo Z. Enhancing the lifespan and durability of superamphiphobic surfaces for potential industrial applications: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 310:102797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Sinha Mahapatra P, Ganguly R, Ghosh A, Chatterjee S, Lowrey S, Sommers AD, Megaridis CM. Patterning Wettability for Open-Surface Fluidic Manipulation: Fundamentals and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16752-16801. [PMID: 36195098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Effective manipulation of liquids on open surfaces without external energy input is indispensable for the advancement of point-of-care diagnostic devices. Open-surface microfluidics has the potential to benefit health care, especially in the developing world. This review highlights the prospects for harnessing capillary forces on surface-microfluidic platforms, chiefly by inducing smooth gradients or sharp steps of wettability on substrates, to elicit passive liquid transport and higher-order fluidic manipulations without off-the-chip energy sources. A broad spectrum of the recent progress in the emerging field of passive surface microfluidics is highlighted, and its promise for developing facile, low-cost, easy-to-operate microfluidic devices is discussed in light of recent applications, not only in the domain of biomedical microfluidics but also in the general areas of energy and water conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Sinha Mahapatra
- Micro Nano Bio-Fluidics group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai600036, India
| | - Ranjan Ganguly
- Department of Power Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata700098, India
| | - Aritra Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Souvick Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
| | - Sam Lowrey
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin9016, New Zealand
| | - Andrew D Sommers
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio45056, United States
| | - Constantine M Megaridis
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois60607, United States
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Sun Q, Hu X, Xu B, Lin S, Deng X, Zhou S. Janus Charged Droplet Manipulation Mediated by Invisible Charge Walls. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204382. [PMID: 36202749 PMCID: PMC9685436 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the mobility and function of droplets is fundamental to developing open surface microfluidics. Despite notable progress in the manipulation of droplets, the existing strategies are still limited in functionalizing droplets. Herein, the coupling of droplet motion and functionalization elicited by an invisible charge wall is reported. The charged superamphiphobic surface is overlapped with a conductor to induce free charge, creating the invisible charge wall at the overlapping boundary. The charge wall can trap droplets and polarize them into Janus charged state. It is found that the trapping degree and the charge distribution in the Janus charged droplet depend on the original surface charge on the superamphiphobic surface. The invisible charge wall can also be established at diverse boundary curvatures, allowing to design pathways for droplet manipulations. Furthermore, the enrichment of protein and nanomaterial in the manipulated Janus charged droplet is demonstrated. The strategy provides a potential microfluidic platform with orthogonal functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Xuanming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Boran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Shiji Lin
- School of PhysicsUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Xu Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of MaterialsMinistry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
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49
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Radiative cooling layer boosting hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterned surface for efficient water harvesting. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Zhang Q, Bai X, Li Y, Zhang X, Tian D, Jiang L. Ultrastable Super-Hydrophobic Surface with an Ordered Scaly Structure for Decompression and Guiding Liquid Manipulation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16843-16852. [PMID: 36222751 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Directional droplet manipulation is very crucial in microfluidics, intelligent liquid management, etc. However, excessive liquid pressure tends to destroy the solid-gas-liquid (SAL) composite interface, creating a highly adhesive surface, which is not conducive to liquid transport. Herein, we propose a strategy to enhance the surface durability, in which the surface cannot withstand liquid pressure only by "blocking" but must instead guide liquid transport for "decompression". Learning from the water resistance of water strider legs and the drag reduction of shark skin, we present a continuous integrated system to obtain an ultrastable super-hydrophobic surface with a highly ordered scaly structure via a liquid flow-induced alignment method for lossless unidirectional liquid transport. The nonwetting scaly structure can both buffer liquid pressure and drive droplet motion to further reduce the vertical pressure of the liquid. Moreover, droplets can be manipulated unidirectionally using a voice. This work could aid in manufacturing scalable anisotropic micro-nanostructure surfaces, which inspires efforts in realizing lossless continuous liquid control on demand and related microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiuhui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, P. R. China
| | - Dongliang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing100191, P. R. China
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100191, P. R. China
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