1
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Pozhydaiev V, Al-Othman D, Moran J, Lebœuf D. A povarov-type reaction to access tetrahydroquinolines from N-benzylhydroxylamines and alkenes in HFIP. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39234917 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc04014g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines between newly developed N-benzylhydroxylamine reagents and alkenes using HFIP as a solvent. This transformation is notably applicable to highly electronically deactivated styrenes and aliphatic alkenes, expanding the range of tetrahydroquinolines attainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Daniella Al-Othman
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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2
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhao YJ, Zhang GQ, Zheng Y, Yu P, Chen P, Jia ZJ. Iron-Catalyzed Primary Amination of C(sp 3)-H Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39192496 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Primary amines are privileged molecules in drug development. Yet, there is a noticeable scarcity of methods for directly introducing a primary amine group into the ubiquitous C(sp3)-H bonds within organic compounds. Here, we report an iron-based catalytic system that enables direct primary amination of C(sp3)-H bonds under aqueous conditions and air. Various types of C(sp3)-H bonds, including benzylic, allylic, and aliphatic ones, can be readily functionalized with high selectivity and efficiency. The broad utility of this method has been further verified by late-stage amination of 11 complex bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies unveil a protonated iron-nitrene complex as the key intermediate for the C-H bond activation. This work extends the toolbox for direct C(sp3)-H functionalizations, opening up new opportunities for late-stage modifications of organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Jia
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy/Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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3
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Mukherjee U, Shah JA, Musaev DG, Ngai MY. Harnessing Bromo/Acyloxy Transposition (BrAcT) and Excited-State Copper Catalysis for Styrene Difunctionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21271-21279. [PMID: 39042434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
1,2-Difunctionalization of styrenes, adding two distinct functional groups across the C═C double bond, has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing molecular complexity. Herein, we report the development of a regioconvergent β-acyloxylation-α-ketonylation of styrenes through bromo/acyloxy transposition (BrAcT) and excited-state copper catalysis. This approach is amenable to gram-scale synthesis and tolerates a wide range of functional groups and complex molecular frameworks, including derivatives of natural products and marketed drugs. Our experimental and computational studies suggest a unique mechanism featuring a dynamic, ionic BrAcT process and excited-state copper-catalyzed redox reactions. We anticipate that this BrAcT process could serve as a broadly applicable and versatile strategy for β-acyloxylation-α-functionalization of styrenes, creating valuable intermediates for preparing new pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Jagrut A Shah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Djamaladdin G Musaev
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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4
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Wang ZL, Cheng JK, Wang F. Iron-catalyzed C-7 Selective NH 2 Amination of Indoles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202412103. [PMID: 38979667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
7-Aminoindoles are important synthetic intermediates to a broad range of bioactive molecules. Transition metal-catalyzed directed C-H amination is among the most straightforward route for their synthesis, whereas methods that could directly incorporate an NH2 group in a highly selective manner remains elusive. Moreover, there is still high demand for the development of earth-abundant metal catalysis for such attractive reactivity. We present here the first C-7 selective NH2 amination of indoles through a directed homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) with iron-aminyl radical. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope, tolerates variety of functional groups, and is readily scalable with catalyst loading down to 0.1 mol % and turnover number (TON) up to 4500.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin-Kai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Weijin Rd. 94, Tianjin, 300071, China
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5
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Botlik BB, Weber M, Ruepp F, Kawanaka K, Finkelstein P, Morandi B. Streamlining the Synthesis of Pyridones through Oxidative Amination of Cyclopentenones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202408230. [PMID: 38934574 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report the development of an oxidative amination process for the streamlined synthesis of pyridones from cyclopentenones. Cyclopentenone building blocks can undergo in situ silyl enol ether formation, followed by the introduction of a nitrogen atom into the carbon skeleton with successive aromatisation to yield pyridones. The reaction sequence is operationally simple, rapid, and carried out in one pot. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, exhibits broad functional group tolerance, complete regioselectivity, and is well scalable. The developed method provides facile access to the synthesis of 15N-labelled targets, industrially relevant pyridone products and their derivatives in a fast and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence B Botlik
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Micha Weber
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Ruepp
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kazuki Kawanaka
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Finkelstein
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Jain S, Ospina F, Hammer SC. A New Age of Biocatalysis Enabled by Generic Activation Modes. JACS AU 2024; 4:2068-2080. [PMID: 38938808 PMCID: PMC11200230 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is currently undergoing a profound transformation. The field moves from relying on nature's chemical logic to a discipline that exploits generic activation modes, allowing for novel biocatalytic reactions and, in many instances, entirely new chemistry. Generic activation modes enable a wide range of reaction types and played a pivotal role in advancing the fields of organo- and photocatalysis. This perspective aims to summarize the principal activation modes harnessed in enzymes to develop new biocatalysts. Although extensively researched in the past, the highlighted activation modes, when applied within enzyme active sites, facilitate chemical transformations that have largely eluded efficient and selective catalysis. This advance is attributed to multiple tunable interactions in the substrate binding pocket that precisely control competing reaction pathways and transition states. We will highlight cases of new synthetic methodologies achieved by engineered enzymes and will provide insights into potential future developments in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan C. Hammer
- Research Group for Organic Chemistry
and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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7
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Piejko M, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Difunctionalization Processes Enabled by Hexafluoroisopropanol. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:287-300. [PMID: 38855339 PMCID: PMC11157514 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In the past 5 years, hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) has been used as a unique solvent or additive to enable challenging transformations through substrate activation and stabilization of reactive intermediates. In this Review, we aim at describing difunctionalization processes which were unlocked when HFIP was involved. Specifically, we focus on cyclizations and additions to alkenes, alkynes, epoxides, and carbonyls that introduce a wide range of functional groups of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Piejko
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université
de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université
de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut
de Science et d’Ingénierie Supramoléculaires
(ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université
de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Georg M, Laping LA, Billo V, Gatto B, Friedhoff P, Göttlich R. Secondary 3-Chloropiperidines: Powerful Alkylating Agents. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300181. [PMID: 38088585 PMCID: PMC11164021 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In previous works, we demonstrated that tertiary 3-chloropiperidines are potent chemotherapeutics, alkylating the DNA through the formation of bicyclic aziridinium ions. Herein, we report the synthesis of novel secondary 3-chloropiperidine analogues. The synthesis incorporates a new procedure to monochlorinate unsaturated primary amines utilizing N-chlorosuccinimide, while carefully monitoring the temperature to prevent dichlorination. Furthermore, we successfully isolated highly strained bicyclic aziridines by treating the secondary 3-chloropiperidines with a sufficient amount of base. We conclude this work with a DNA cleavage assay as a proof of principle, comparing our previously known substrates to the novel compounds. In this, the secondary 3-chloropiperidine as well as the isolated bicyclic aziridine, proved to be more effective than their tertiary counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Georg
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Lina Alexandra Laping
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Veronica Billo
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Barbara Gatto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Peter Friedhoff
- Institute of BiochemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Richard Göttlich
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJustus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 1735392GiessenGermany
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9
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Huang N, Luo J, Liao L, Zhao X. Catalytic Enantioselective Aminative Difunctionalization of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7029-7038. [PMID: 38425285 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective difunctionalization of alkenes offers a straightforward means for the rapid construction of enantioenriched complex molecules. Despite the tremendous efforts devoted to this field, enantioselective aminative difunctionalization remains a challenge, particularly through an electrophilic addition fashion. Herein, we report an unprecedented approach for the enantioselective aminative difunctionalization of alkenes via copper-catalyzed electrophilic addition with external azo compounds as nitrogen sources. A series of valuable cyclic hydrazine derivatives via either [3 + 2] cycloaddition or intramolecular cyclization have been achieved in high chemo-, regio-, enantio-, and diastereoselectivities. In this transformation, a wide range of functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, hydroxy, amide, sulfonamide, and aryl groups, could serve as nucleophiles. Importantly, a new cyano oxazoline chiral ligand was found to play a crucial role in the control of enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Huang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihao Liao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, IGCME, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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10
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Ghosal S, Das A, Roy D, Dasgupta J. Tuning light-driven oxidation of styrene inside water-soluble nanocages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1810. [PMID: 38418497 PMCID: PMC10902312 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective functionalization of innate sp2 C-H bonds under ambient conditions is a grand synthetic challenge in organic chemistry. Here we combine host-guest charge transfer-based photoredox chemistry with supramolecular nano-confinement to achieve selective carbonylation of styrene by tuning the dioxygen concentration. We observe exclusive photocatalytic formation of benzaldehyde under excess O2 (>1 atm) while Markovnikov addition of water produced acetophenone in deoxygenated condition upon photoexcitation of confined styrene molecules inside a water-soluble cationic nanocage. Further by careful tuning of the nanocage size, electronics, and guest preorganization, we demonstrate rate enhancement of benzaldehyde formation and a complete switchover to the anti-Markovnikov product, 2-phenylethan-1-ol, in the absence of O2. Raman spectroscopy, 2D 1H-1H NMR correlation experiments, and transient absorption spectroscopy establish that the site-selective control on the confined photoredox chemistry originates from an optimal preorganization of styrene molecules inside the cavity. We envision that the demonstrated host-guest charge transfer photoredox paradigm in combination with green atom-transfer reagents will enable a broad range of sp2 carbon-site functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Debojyoti Roy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India.
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11
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Nelli MR, Cantrell RL, Looper RE. Gold Catalyzed 7- endo-dig Hydroaminations Yielding 1,4-Diazepineones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15975-15982. [PMID: 37890169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to access the 1,4-diazepindiones heterocyclic core of the TAN-1057 family of natural products revealed a successful gold-catalyzed hydroamination of yneamide tethered amines. The precursor amino-yneamides are derived from easily accessible 1,2-diamines and alkynoic acids and are efficiently cyclized to the corresponding diazepineones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Nelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rachel L Cantrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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12
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Avigdori I, Singh K, Fridman N, Gandelman M. Nitrenium ions as new versatile reagents for electrophilic amination. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12034-12040. [PMID: 37969608 PMCID: PMC10631241 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the utilization of N-heterocyclic nitrenium ions - easily prepared, bench-stable and non-oxidating nitrogen sources for the efficient electrophilic amination of aliphatic and aromatic organometallic nucleophiles, towards the facile and general preparation of primary amines. To this end, a plethora of abundant organolithium and organomagnesium reagents were combined with nitrenium salts to generate a variety of previously unexplored N-alkyl and N-aryl triazanes. Through the simple hydrogenolysis of these relatively stable triazanes, we have prepared a diverse scope of primary amines, including linear and branched aliphatic as well as (hetero)aromatic amines possessing various stereo-electronic substituents. Furthermore, we present the facile synthesis of valuable 15N-labelled primary amines from easily prepared 15N-labelled nitrenium salts, as well as a one-pot approach to biologically relevant primary amines. Finally, a recyclable variant of the nitrenium precursor was prepared and a simple recovery protocol was developed to improve the atom-economy of this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Avigdori
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Mark Gandelman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Technion City Haifa 32000 Israel
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13
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Pozhydaiev V, Muller C, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Catalytic Synthesis of β-(Hetero)arylethylamines: Modern Strategies and Advances. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309289. [PMID: 37599269 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
β-(Hetero)arylethylamines appear in a myriad of pharmaceuticals due to their broad spectrum of biological properties, making them prime candidates for drug discovery. Conventional methods for their preparation often require engineered substrates that limit the flexibility of the synthetic routes and the diversity of compounds that can be accessed. Consequently, methods that provide rapid and versatile access to those scaffolds remain limited. To overcome these challenges, synthetic chemists have designed innovative and modular strategies to access the β-(hetero)arylethylamine motif, paving the way for their more extensive use in future pharmaceuticals. This review outlines recent progresses in the synthesis of (hetero)arylethylamines and emphasizes how these innovations have enabled new levels of molecular complexity, selectivity, and practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyprien Muller
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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14
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Gillespie JE, Lam NYS, Phipps RJ. Ortho-Selective amination of arene carboxylic acids via rearrangement of acyl O-hydroxylamines. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10103-10111. [PMID: 37772106 PMCID: PMC10530477 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03293k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct amination of arene C-H bonds is an attractive disconnection to form aniline-derived building blocks. This transformation presents significant practical challenges; classical methods for ortho-selective amination require strongly acidic or forcing conditions, while contemporary catalytic processes often require bespoke directing groups and/or precious metal catalysis. We report a mild and procedurally straightforward ortho-selective amination of arene carboxylic acids, arising from a facile rearrangement of acyl O-hydroxylamines without requiring precious metal catalysts. A broad scope of benzoic acid substrates are compatible and the reaction can be applied to longer chain arene carboxylic acids. Mechanistic studies probe the specific requirement for trifluoroacetic acid in generating the active aminating agent, and suggest that two separate mechanisms may be operating in parallel in the presence of an iron catalyst: (i) an iron-nitrenoid intermediate and (ii) a radical chain pathway. Regardless of which mechanism is followed, high ortho selectivity is obtained, proposed to arise from the directivity (first) or attractive interactions (second) arising with the carboxylic acid motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Gillespie
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Nelson Y S Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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15
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Sirvinskaite G, Nardo CS, Müller P, Gasser AC, Morandi B. Direct Synthesis of Unprotected Indolines Through Intramolecular sp 3 C-H Amination Using Nitroarenes as Aryl Nitrene Precursors. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301978. [PMID: 37404217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the prevalence of molecules containing nitro groups in organic synthesis, innovative methods to expand the reactivity of this functional group are of interest in both industrial and academic settings. In this report, a metal-free intramolecular benzylic sp3 C-H amination is disclosed using aryl nitro compounds as aryl nitrene precursors. Organosilicon reagent N,N'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene (Si-DHBP) served as an efficient reductant in the transformation, enabling the in situ generation of aryl nitrene species for the direct, metal-free synthesis of unprotected 2-arylindolines from the corresponding nitroarene compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Sirvinskaite
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Celine S Nardo
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Müller
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aurelio C Gasser
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Urbiña-Alvarez J, Rincón-Carvajal S, Gamba-Sánchez D. Ammonia surrogates in the synthesis of primary amines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7036-7051. [PMID: 37575051 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01202f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Primary amines are derivatives of ammonia in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkyl or aryl group. Ammonia serves as the primary nitrogen source in amination reactions, and its utilization in solution or as a pure gas has witnessed notable advancements. However, the use of gaseous ammonia remains problematic in academic laboratory settings, while employing aqueous ammonia poses challenges in highly water-sensitive transformations. Consequently, the search for alternative sources of ammonia has garnered considerable attention among the organic chemistry community. This comprehensive literature review focuses on the use of ammonia surrogates in amination reactions, irrespective of the resulting intermediate. The review emphasizes the formation of the C-N bond and underscores the importance of generating intermediate products that can be readily transformed into primary amines through well-established reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Urbiña-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - Sergio Rincón-Carvajal
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
| | - Diego Gamba-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Bio and Organocatalysis, Chemistry Department, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 No. 18A-12 Q:305, Bogotá 111711, Colombia.
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17
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Chu D, Ellman JA. Stereospecific Synthesis of Unprotected, α,β-Disubstituted Tryptamines and Phenethylamines from 1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes via a One-Pot Reaction Sequence. Org Lett 2023; 25:3654-3658. [PMID: 37172224 PMCID: PMC10239558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Unprotected, α,β-disubstituted tryptamines and phenethylamines are obtained by a one-pot, metal-free sequence that proceeds by the in situ formation of aziridinium salts followed by Friedel-Crafts reaction with electron-rich (hetero)arenes. Both steps are facilitated by hexafluoroisopropanol as the solvent. The one-pot sequence was effective for diversely substituted indoles and 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, for cyclic and acyclic alkenes, and proceeded in a stereospecific fashion for both (E)- and (Z)-1,2-disubstituted alkenes. Moreover, one-pot morpholine addition to an aziridinium salt provided a diamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 04720, USA
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18
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Zhuang D, Jiang S, Wang Y, Wang X, Shen S, Yan R. I 2-Mediated [6 + 1] Annulation of Alkynes with MsONH 3OTf: Direct Synthesis of Benzo[ b]azepines. Org Lett 2023; 25:3007-3012. [PMID: 37083284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of benzo[b]azepines using protonated aminating reagent (MsONH3OTf) and alkynes through I2-mediated [6 + 1] annulation reaction has been developed. This protocol features excellent functional group tolerance and mild reaction conditions and affords the benzo[b]azepines in moderate to good yields under metal-free reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Shixuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiajun Wang
- Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Siwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 Gansu, China
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19
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Holst DE, Dorval C, Winter CK, Guzei IA, Wickens ZK. Regiospecific Alkene Aminofunctionalization via an Electrogenerated Dielectrophile. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37023348 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Modular strategies to rapidly increase molecular complexity have proven immensely synthetically valuable. In principle, transformation of an alkene into a dielectrophile presents an opportunity to deliver two unique nucleophiles across an alkene. Unfortunately, the selectivity profiles of known dielectrophiles have largely precluded this deceptively simple synthetic approach. Herein, we demonstrate that dicationic adducts generated through electrolysis of alkenes and thianthrene possess a unique selectivity profile relative to more conventional dielectrophiles. Specifically, these species undergo a single and perfectly regioselective substitution reaction with phthalimide salts. This observation unlocks an appealing new platform for aminofunctionalization reactions. As an illustrative example, we implement this new reactivity paradigm to address a longstanding synthetic challenge: alkene diamination with two distinct nitrogen nucleophiles. Studies into the mechanism of this process reveal a key alkenyl thianthrenium salt intermediate that controls the exquisite regioselectivity of the process and highlight the importance of proton sources in controlling the reactivity of alkenyl sulfonium salt electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Holst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Céline Dorval
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Casey K Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary K Wickens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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20
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Han S, Cheng C, He M, Li R, Gao Y, Yu Y, Zhang B, Liu C. Preferential Adsorption of Ethylene Oxide on Fe and Chlorine on Ni Enabled Scalable Electrosynthesis of Ethylene Chlorohydrin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216581. [PMID: 36734467 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Industrial manufacturing of ethylene chlorohydrin (ECH) critically requires excess corrosive hydrochloric acid or hypochlorous acid with dealing with massive by-products and wastes. Here we report a green and efficient electrosynthesis of ECH from ethylene oxide (EO) with NaCl over a NiFe2 O4 nanosheet anode. Theoretical results suggest that EO and Cl preferentially adsorb on Fe and Ni sites, respectively, collaboratively promoting the ECH synthesis. A Cl radical-mediated ring-opening process is proposed and confirmed, and the key Cl and carbon radical species are identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry. This strategy can enable scalable electrosynthesis of 185.1 mmol of ECH in 1 h with 92.5 % yield at a 55 mA cm-2 current density. Furthermore, a series of other chloro- and bromoethanols with good to high yields and paired synthesis of ECH and 4-amino-3,6-dichloropyridine-2-carboxylicacid via respectively loading and unloading Cl are achieved, showing the promising potential of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Cheng
- Institute of New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Meng He
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yifu Yu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Cuibo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
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21
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Falk E, Franchino A, Horak T, Gürtler L, Morandi B. Azide-Free Synthesis of N-Alkyliminophosphoranes from Phosphines and Hydroxylamine Derivatives. Org Lett 2023; 25:1695-1700. [PMID: 36926926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
A broadly applicable and efficient method for the synthesis of N-alkyliminophosphoranes from phosphines that does not use potentially hazardous alkyl azides is reported. Under iron catalysis, a hydroxylamine-derived triflic acid salt oxidizes phosphines to a wide range of iminophosphorane triflic acid salts. Diphosphines afford phosphine-iminophosphoranes that can serve as ligands in transition metal complexes. The developed method can be employed in the synthesis of mixed diiminophosphoranes and in a traceless Staudinger ligation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Falk
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Allegra Franchino
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Teresa Horak
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gürtler
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Pozhydaiev V, Vayer M, Fave C, Moran J, Lebœuf D. Synthesis of Unprotected β-Arylethylamines by Iron(II)-Catalyzed 1,2-Aminoarylation of Alkenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215257. [PMID: 36541580 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
β-Arylethylamines are prevalent structural motifs in molecules exhibiting biological activity. Here we report a sequential one-pot protocol for the 1,2-aminoarylation of alkenes with hydroxylammonium triflate salts and (hetero)arenes. Unlike existing methods, this reaction provides a direct entry to unprotected β-arylethylamines with remarkable functional group tolerance, allowing key drug-oriented functional groups to be installed in a two-step process. The use of hexafluoroisopropanol as a solvent in combination with an iron(II) catalyst proved essential to reaching high-value nitrogen-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyn Pozhydaiev
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Vayer
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Fave
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, Université Paris Cité, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Moran
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - David Lebœuf
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS UMR 7006, Université de Strasbourg, 8 Allée Gaspard Monge, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Zhou Y, Ni J, Lyu Z, Li Y, Wang T, Cheng GJ. Mechanism and Reaction Channels of Iron-Catalyzed Primary Amination of Alkenes by Hydroxylamine Reagents. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Yang Li
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China
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24
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Boullé A, Doumbia A, Mahy JP, Avenier F. Unprotected amine transfer performed by non-heme iron(II) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 59:79-81. [PMID: 36468296 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04992a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Direct amination of C-H or CC bonds using unprotected amino groups is very challenging, especially with earth abundant metal ions. Here we show that a bioinspired iron(II) complex catalyses the double amination of its dangling benzyl branch in the presence of hydroxylamine derivatives as the unprotected amine donor and that the replacement of the benzyl branch by a methyl group also allows the aziridination of styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizée Boullé
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Aminata Doumbia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Mahy
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
| | - Frédéric Avenier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (UMR CNRS 8182), Université Paris-Saclay, 17, Avenue des Sciences, 91400 Orsay, France.
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25
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Singer RA, Monfette S, Bernhardson D, Tcyrulnikov S, Hubbell AK, Hansen EC. Recent Advances in Nonprecious Metal Catalysis. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Singer
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sebastien Monfette
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David Bernhardson
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sergei Tcyrulnikov
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aran K. Hubbell
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric C. Hansen
- Pfizer Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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26
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Feng G, Ku CK, Zhao J, Wang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Aminofluorination of Alkenes and 1,3-Dienes: Direct Entry to Diverse β-Fluoroalkylamines. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20463-20471. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangshou Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Colton K. Ku
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
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27
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Yang X, Hong K, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhou S, Huang J, Xu X, Hu W. Asymmetric Three-Component Reaction of Two Diazo Compounds and Hyrdroxylamine Derivatives for the Access to Chiral α-Alkoxy-β-amino-carboxylates. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangji Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kemiao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sujie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhijing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Su Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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28
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Gasser VCM, Makai S, Morandi B. The advent of electrophilic hydroxylamine-derived reagents for the direct preparation of unprotected amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9991-10003. [PMID: 35993918 PMCID: PMC9453917 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic aminating reagents have seen a renaissance in recent years as effective nitrogen sources for the synthesis of unprotected amino functionalities. Based on their reactivity, several noble and non-noble transition metal catalysed amination reactions have been developed. These include the aziridination and difunctionalisation of alkenes, the amination of arenes as well as the synthesis of aminated sulfur compounds. In particular, the use of hydroxylamine-derived (N-O) reagents, such as PONT (PivONH3OTf), has enabled the introduction of unprotected amino groups on various different feedstock compounds, such as alkenes, arenes and thiols. This strategy obviates undesired protecting-group manipulations and thus improves step efficiency and atom economy. Overall, this feature article gives a recent update on several reactions that have been unlocked by employing versatile hydroxylamine-derived aminating reagents, which facilitate the generation of unprotected primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina C M Gasser
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Szabolcs Makai
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
| | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, Zürich 8093, Switzerland.
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29
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Jia SM, Huang YH, Wang ZL, Fan FX, Fan BH, Sun HX, Wang H, Wang F. Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes with Aliphatic Azides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16316-16324. [PMID: 36047787 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We report here an efficient and highly diastereoselective intermolecular anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with aliphatic azides in the presence of silane. The system tolerates a wide range of azides and alkenes and operates with alkene as limiting reagent. Mechanistic studies suggest a radical chain pathway that involves aminium radical formation, radical addition to alkenes and HAT from silane to β-aminium alkyl radical. The use of sterically bulky silane is proposed to contribute to the excellent diastereoselectivity for HAT. Computational analysis uncovers the reaction pathway of aliphatic azide activation with silyl radical for aminyl radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi-Hang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhan-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fang-Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Bo-Han Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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30
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Tan H, Samanta S, Maity A, Roychowdhury P, Powers DC. N-Aminopyridinium reagents as traceless activating groups in the synthesis of N-Aryl aziridines. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3341. [PMID: 35689000 PMCID: PMC9187731 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-functionalized aziridines, which are both useful intermediates and important synthetic targets, can be envisioned as arising from the addition of nitrenes (i.e., NR fragments) to olefinic substrates. The exceptional reactivity of most nitrenes, in particular with respect to unimolecular decomposition, prevents general application of nitrene-transfer to the synthesis of N-functionalized aziridines. Here we demonstrate N-aryl aziridine synthesis via 1) olefin aziridination with N-aminopyridinium reagents to afford N-pyridinium aziridines followed by 2) Ni-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling of the N-pyridinium aziridines with aryl boronic acids. The N-pyridinium aziridine intermediates also participate in ring-opening chemistry with a variety of nucleophiles to afford 1,2-aminofunctionalization products. Mechanistic investigations indicate aziridine cross-coupling proceeds via a noncanonical mechanism involving initial aziridine opening promoted by the bromide counterion of the Ni catalyst, C-N cross-coupling, and finally aziridine reclosure. Together, these results provide new opportunities to achieve selective incorporation of generic aryl nitrene equivalents in organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Samya Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Asim Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Pritam Roychowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - David C Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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31
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Yao C, Williams ADN, Gu Y, Norton JR. Isomerization of Aziridines to Allyl Amines via Titanium and Chromium Cooperative Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4991-4997. [PMID: 35303410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A Ti/Cr cooperative catalyst isomerizes aziridines to allyl amines under mild conditions. The reaction tolerates a broad range of aziridines with various nitrogen substituents. The titanium catalyst is most successful in opening 1,2-disubstituted aziridines, forming radical intermediates in a highly regioselective manner. The chromium catalyst appears to abstract an H• from these radical intermediates and then return the H• to the titanium system in the form of an H+ and an electron. The reaction is complementary to previous reports on the isomerization of aziridines to allyl amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Alana D N Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yiting Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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32
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Pratley C, Fenner S, Murphy JA. Nitrogen-Centered Radicals in Functionalization of sp 2 Systems: Generation, Reactivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8181-8260. [PMID: 35285636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of nitrogen-centered radicals (NCRs) has plentiful applications in organic synthesis, and they continue to expand as our understanding of these reactive species increases. The utility of these reactive intermediates is demonstrated in the recent advances in C-H amination and the (di)amination of alkenes. Synthesis of previously challenging structures can be achieved by efficient functionalization of sp2 moieties without prefunctionalization, allowing for faster and more streamlined synthesis. This Review addresses the generation, reactivity, and application of NCRs, including, but not limited to, iminyl, aminyl, amidyl, and aminium species. Contributions from early discovery up to the most recent examples have been highlighted, covering radical initiation, thermolysis, photolysis, and, more recently, photoredox catalysis. Radical-mediated intermolecular amination of (hetero)arenes can occur with a variety of complex amine precursors, generating aniline derivatives, an important class of structures for drug discovery and development. Functionalization of olefins is achievable in high anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and allows access to difunctionalized structures when the intermediate carbon radicals are trapped. Additionally, the reactivity of NCRs can be harnessed for the rapid construction of N-heterocycles such as pyrrolidines, phenanthridines, quinoxalines, and quinazolinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Pratley
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom.,GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Fenner
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - John A Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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33
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Chatterjee S, Harden I, Bistoni G, Castillo RG, Chabbra S, van Gastel M, Schnegg A, Bill E, Birrell JA, Morandi B, Neese F, DeBeer S. A Combined Spectroscopic and Computational Study on the Mechanism of Iron-Catalyzed Aminofunctionalization of Olefins Using Hydroxylamine Derived N-O Reagent as the "Amino" Source and "Oxidant". J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2637-2656. [PMID: 35119853 PMCID: PMC8855425 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we study
the mechanism of iron-catalyzed direct synthesis
of unprotected aminoethers from olefins by a hydroxyl amine derived
reagent using a wide range of analytical and spectroscopic techniques
(Mössbauer, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Ultra-Violet Visible
Spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption, Nuclear Resonance Vibrational Spectroscopy,
and resonance Raman) along with high-level quantum chemical calculations.
The hydroxyl amine derived triflic acid salt acts as the “oxidant”
as well as “amino” group donor. It activates the high-spin
Fe(II) (St = 2) catalyst [Fe(acac)2(H2O)2] (1) to generate
a high-spin (St = 5/2) intermediate (Int I), which decays to a second intermediate (Int II) with St = 2. The analysis of spectroscopic
and computational data leads to the formulation of Int I as [Fe(III)(acac)2-N-acyloxy] (an alkyl-peroxo-Fe(III)
analogue). Furthermore, Int II is formed by N–O
bond homolysis. However, it does not generate a high-valent
Fe(IV)(NH) species (a Fe(IV)(O) analogue), but instead a high-spin
Fe(III) center which is strongly antiferromagnetically coupled (J = −524 cm–1) to an iminyl radical,
[Fe(III)(acac)2-NH·], giving St = 2. Though Fe(NH) complexes as isoelectronic surrogates
to Fe(O) functionalities are known, detection of a high-spin Fe(III)-N-acyloxy intermediate (Int I), which undergoes
N–O bond cleavage to generate the active iron–nitrogen
intermediate (Int II), is unprecedented. Relative to
Fe(IV)(O) centers, Int II features a weak elongated Fe–N
bond which, together with the unpaired electron density along the
Fe–N bond vector, helps to rationalize its propensity for N-transfer reactions onto styrenyl olefins, resulting in
the overall formation of aminoethers. This study thus demonstrates
the potential of utilizing the iron-coordinated nitrogen-centered
radicals as powerful reactive intermediates in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Ingolf Harden
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rebeca G Castillo
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sonia Chabbra
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - James A Birrell
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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34
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Zhuang D, Gatera T, An Z, Yan R. Iron-Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanols for the Synthesis of 1-Pyrrolines by Using MsONH 3OTf. Org Lett 2022; 24:771-775. [PMID: 34985295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-pyrrolines from cyclobutanol derivatives and an aminating reagent (MsONH3OTf) has been developed. This one-pot procedure achieves C-N bond/C═N bond formation via ring expansion. A series of 1-pyrroline derivatives are synthesized in moderate to good yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tharcisse Gatera
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhenyu An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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35
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Kweon J, Kim D, Kang S, Chang S. Access to β-Lactams via Iron-Catalyzed Olefin Oxyamidation Enabled by the π-Accepting Phthalocyanine Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1872-1880. [PMID: 35041409 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the development of an iron-catalyzed olefin oxyamidation by utilizing tethered dioxazolones as the nitrenoid precursor to produce valuable β-lactam scaffolds. Mechanistic studies revealed that a relatively strong π-accepting ability of the phthalocyanine ligand is critical in generating the key triplet iron-imidyl radical intermediate to enable the 4-exo-trig-lactamization with the incorporation of oxygen nucleophiles in high diastereoselectivity. This cyclization approach was readily extended to the highly efficient γ-lactam synthesis (TON > 300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonguk Kweon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seungju Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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36
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Yang J, Delolo FG, Spannenberg A, Jackstell R, Beller M. A Selective and General Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation of Olefins to Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Fábio G. Delolo
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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37
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Zhang H, Wang W, Wang B, Tan H, Jiao N, Song S. Electrophilic amidomethylation of arenes with DMSO/MeCN reagents. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00181k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient electrophilic amidomethylation of aromatics was described with DMSO as the CH2 source and nitrile as the nitrogen source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bingding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Road 38, Beijing 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210023, China
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38
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Pounder A, Tam W. Iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2848-2893. [PMID: 34956407 PMCID: PMC8685557 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of environmentally benign, inexpensive, and earth-abundant metal catalysts is desirable from both an ecological and economic standpoint. Certainly, in the past couple decades, iron has become a key player in the development of sustainable coupling chemistry and has become an indispensable tool in organic synthesis. Over the last ten years, organic chemistry has witnessed substantial improvements in efficient synthesis because of domino reactions. These protocols are more atom-economic, produce less waste, and demand less time compared to a classical stepwise reaction. Although iron-catalyzed domino reactions require a mindset that differs from the more routine noble-metal, homogenous iron catalysis they bear the chance to enable coupling reactions that rival that of noble-metal-catalysis. This review provides an overview of iron-catalyzed domino coupling reactions of π-systems. The classifications and reactivity paradigms examined should assist readers and provide guidance for the design of novel domino reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Pounder
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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39
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Zhou Q, Chin M, Fu Y, Liu P, Yang Y. Stereodivergent atom-transfer radical cyclization by engineered cytochromes P450. Science 2021; 374:1612-1616. [PMID: 34941416 PMCID: PMC9309897 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring enzymes can be a source of unnatural reactivity that can be molded by directed evolution to generate efficient biocatalysts with valuable activities. Owing to the lack of exploitable stereocontrol elements in synthetic systems, steering the absolute and relative stereochemistry of free-radical processes is notoriously difficult in asymmetric catalysis. Inspired by the innate redox properties of first-row transition-metal cofactors, we repurposed cytochromes P450 to catalyze stereoselective atom-transfer radical cyclization. A set of metalloenzymes was engineered to impose substantial stereocontrol over the radical addition step and the halogen rebound step in these unnatural processes, allowing enantio- and diastereodivergent radical catalysis. This evolvable metalloenzyme platform represents a promising solution to tame fleeting radical intermediates for asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Michael Chin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Yue Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.,Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.,Corresponding author.
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40
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Jinan D, Mondal PP, Nair AV, Sahoo B. O-Protected NH-free hydroxylamines: emerging electrophilic aminating reagents for organic synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13495-13505. [PMID: 34842254 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this highlight, O-protected NH-free hydroxylamine derivatives have been evaluated in the construction of nitrogen-enriched compounds, such as primary amines, amides, and N-heterocycles, with high regio-, chemo- and stereoselectivity in the unprotected form, showcasing the late-stage functionalization of natural products, drugs and functional molecules by biocatalysis, organocatalysis, and transition metal catalysis. The reactivity dichotomy among these N-O reagents has been explored based on SET and metal-nitrenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilsha Jinan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Anagha Veluthanath Nair
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Thiruvananthapuram-695551, Kerala, India.
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41
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Abstract
Classical amination methods involve the reaction of a nitrogen nucleophile with an electrophilic carbon center; however, in recent years, umpoled strategies have gained traction where the nitrogen source acts as an electrophile. A wide range of electrophilic aminating agents are now available, and these underpin a range of powerful C-N bond-forming processes. In this Review, we highlight the strategic use of electrophilic aminating agents in total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. O'Neil
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantock's CloseBristolBS8 1TSUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolCrown StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. O'Neil
- School of Chemistry University of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
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43
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Patel M, Desai B, Sheth A, Dholakiya BZ, Naveen T. Recent Advances in Mono‐ and Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monak Patel
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bhargav Desai
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Aakash Sheth
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Bharatkumar Z. Dholakiya
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
| | - Togati Naveen
- Department of Chemistry Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Gujarat–Surat 395 007 India
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44
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Athavale SV, Gao S, Liu Z, Mallojjala SC, Hirschi JS, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic, Intermolecular C-H Bond Functionalization for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24864-24869. [PMID: 34534409 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution of heme proteins has opened access to new-to-nature enzymatic activity that can be harnessed to tackle synthetic challenges. Among these, reactions resulting from active site iron-nitrenoid intermediates present a powerful strategy to forge C-N bonds with high site- and stereoselectivity. Here we report a biocatalytic, intermolecular benzylic C-H amidation reaction operating at mild and scalable conditions. With hydroxamate esters as nitrene precursors, feedstock aromatic compounds can be converted to chiral amides with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee) and high yields (up to 87 %). Kinetic and computational analysis of the enzymatic reaction reveals rate-determining nitrenoid formation followed by stepwise hydrogen atom transfer-mediated C-H functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra V Athavale
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | | | - Jennifer S Hirschi
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902, USA
| | - Frances H Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
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45
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Athavale SV, Gao S, Liu Z, Mallojjala SC, Hirschi JS, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic, Intermolecular C−H Bond Functionalization for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra V. Athavale
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Shilong Gao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Zhen Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | | | | | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 210-41 Pasadena California 91125 USA
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46
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Abstract
The Mizoroki-Heck reaction and its reductive analogue are staples of organic synthesis, but the ensuing products often lack a chemical handle for further transformation. Here we report an atom-economical cross-coupling of halopyridines and unactivated alkenes under photoredox catalysis to afford a series of alkene halopyridylation products. This protocol with mild and redox neutral conditions contributes broad substrate scope. As a complement to conventional Heck-type reaction, this radical process avoids the involvement of β-H elimination and thus useful pyridyl and halide groups could be simultaneously and regioselectively incorporated onto alkenes. The success depends on TFA-promoted domino photocatalytic oxidative quenching activation and radical-polar crossover pathway. Plausible mechanism is proposed based on mechanistic investigations. Moreover, the reserved C - X bonds of these products are beneficial for performing further synthetic elaborations.
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47
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Yang J, Delolo FG, Spannenberg A, Jackstell R, Beller M. A Selective and General Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroaminomethylation of Olefins to Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112597. [PMID: 34738697 PMCID: PMC9299624 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new cobalt catalyst is presented for the domino hydroformylation-reductive amination reaction of olefins. The optimal Co-tert-BuPy-Xantphos catalyst shows good to excellent linear-to-branched (n/iso) regioselectivity for the reactions of aliphatic alkenes with aromatic amines under mild conditions. This system is far more selective than traditional cobalt(I) catalysts and even better than most known rhodium catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fábio G Delolo
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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48
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Coin G, Latour JM. Nitrene transfers mediated by natural and artificial iron enzymes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 225:111613. [PMID: 34634542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amines are ubiquitous in biology and pharmacy. As a consequence, introducing N functionalities in organic molecules is attracting strong continuous interest. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of very efficient and selective catalytic systems achieving this goal thanks to engineered hemoproteins. In this review, we examine how these enzymes have been engineered focusing rather on the rationale behind it than the methodology employed. These studies are put in perspective with respect to in vitro and in vivo nitrene transfer processes performed by cytochromes P450. An emphasis is put on mechanistic aspects which are confronted to current molecular knowledge of these reactions. Forthcoming developments are delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Coin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, DIESE, LCBM, pmb, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5250, DCM, CIRE, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, DIESE, LCBM, pmb, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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49
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Manna S, Kong WJ, Bäckvall JE. Iron(II)-Catalyzed Aerobic Biomimetic Oxidation of N-Heterocycles. Chemistry 2021; 27:13725-13729. [PMID: 34324754 PMCID: PMC8518507 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an iron(II)-catalyzed biomimetic oxidation of N-heterocycles under aerobic conditions is described. The dehydrogenation process, involving several electron-transfer steps, is inspired by oxidations occurring in the respiratory chain. An environmentally friendly and inexpensive iron catalyst together with a hydroquinone/cobalt Schiff base hybrid catalyst as electron-transfer mediator were used for the substrate-selective dehydrogenation reaction of various N-heterocycles. The method shows a broad substrate scope and delivers important heterocycles in good-to-excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Manna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei-Jun Kong
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E Bäckvall
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 85170, Sundsvall, Sweden
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50
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Qiu X, Wang Y, Su L, Jin R, Song S, Qin Q, Li J, Zong B, Jiao N. Selective
Carbon‐Carbon
Bond Amination with
Redox‐Active
Aminating Reagents: A Direct Approach to Anilines
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yachong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lingyu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Rui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC 100083 Beijing China
| | - Song Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Qixue Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Baoning Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, SINOPEC 100083 Beijing China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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