1
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Kobayashi T, Hayano F, Kamiya A, Kawamoto Y, Ito H. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)-Lemnardosinane A. Org Lett 2024; 26:5105-5109. [PMID: 38848442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-lemnardosinane A, a rare rearranged sesquiterpenoid, has been accomplished from (S)-carvone. Key features of the synthesis are the formation of a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane skeleton using the intramolecular aldol reaction, the stereoselective introduction of an alkyne group, and the stereoselective formation of a tricyclic skeleton via intramolecular pinacol coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoharu Kobayashi
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Futaba Hayano
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akinobu Kamiya
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kawamoto
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hisanaka Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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2
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Han Z, Sun T, Liang RR, Guo Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Mao Y, Taylor PR, Shi W, Wang KY, Zhou HC. Chiral Linker Installation in a Metal-Organic Framework for Enantioselective Luminescent Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15446-15452. [PMID: 38776639 PMCID: PMC11157530 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Linker installation is a potent strategy for integrating specific properties and functionalities into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). This method enhances the structural diversity of frameworks and enables the precise construction of robust structures, complementing the conventional postsynthetic modification approaches, by fully leveraging open metal sites and active organic linkers at targeting locations. Herein, we demonstrated an insertion of a d-camphorate linker into a flexible Zr-based MOF, PCN-700, through linker installation. The resultant homochiral MOF not only exhibits remarkable stability but also functions as a highly efficient luminescent material for enantioselective sensing. Competitive absorption and energy/electron transfer processes contribute to the sensing performance, while the difference in binding affinities dominates the enantioselectivity. This work presents a straightforward route to crafting stable homochiral MOFs for enantioselective sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsu Han
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tiankai Sun
- Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rong-Ran Liang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yifan Guo
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yihao Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yue Mao
- Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Peter R. Taylor
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Frontiers
Science Center for New Organic Matter, Key Laboratory of Advanced
Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Advanced
Chemical Power Sources, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kun-Yu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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3
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Sun S, Wei Q, Liu Y, Lu Z. Concise Total Synthesis of (-)-Bipolarolide D. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14427-14432. [PMID: 38717106 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Here we report the first and concise total synthesis of a complex ophiobolin-derived sesterterpene, bipolarolide D, which hinges on two strategic applications of pentafulvene: (1) enantioselective pentafulvene-involved [6+2] cycloaddition; (2) regioselective and diastereoselective pentafulvene-involved Heck cyclization. Late-stage selective allylic addition to the ketone moiety facilitates the successful installation of the side chain. This strategy enabled the accomplishment of its first enantioselective total synthesis through a modular approach. This synthesis will facilitate the investigation of relevant biological activities and provide a synthetic blueprint for utilizing fulvenes as versatile synthons in other complex natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengling Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sun MS, Jia Y, Chen XY, Chen JS, Guo Y, Fu FF, Xue LJ. Regulatory microRNAs and phasiRNAs of paclitaxel biosynthesis in Taxus chinensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1403060. [PMID: 38779066 PMCID: PMC11109412 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1403060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (trade name Taxol) is a rare diterpenoid with anticancer activity isolated from Taxus. At present, paclitaxel is mainly produced by the semi-synthetic method using extract of Taxus tissues as raw materials. The studies of regulatory mechanisms in paclitaxel biosynthesis would promote the production of paclitaxel through tissue/cell culture approaches. Here, we systematically identified 990 transcription factors (TFs), 460 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 160 phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) in Taxus chinensis to explore their interactions and potential roles in regulation of paclitaxel synthesis. The expression levels of enzyme genes in cone and root were higher than those in leaf and bark. Nearly all enzyme genes in the paclitaxel synthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated after jasmonate treatment, except for GGPPS and CoA Ligase. The expression level of enzyme genes located in the latter steps of the synthesis pathway was significantly higher in female barks than in male. Regulatory TFs were inferred through co-expression network analysis, resulting in the identification of TFs from diverse families including MYB and AP2. Genes with ADP binding and copper ion binding functions were overrepresented in targets of miRNA genes. The miRNA targets were mainly enriched with genes in plant hormone signal transduction, mRNA surveillance pathway, cell cycle and DNA replication. Genes in oxidoreductase activity, protein-disulfide reductase activity were enriched in targets of phasiRNAs. Regulatory networks were further constructed including components of enzyme genes, TFs, miRNAs, and phasiRNAs. The hierarchical regulation of paclitaxel production by miRNAs and phasiRNAs indicates a robust regulation at post-transcriptional level. Our study on transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of paclitaxel synthesis provides clues for enhancing paclitaxel production using synthetic biology technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Fang-Fang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Educational Department of China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang-Jiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Biotechnology of Educational Department of China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Yan P, Stegbauer S, Wu Q, Kolodzeiski E, Stein CJ, Lu P, Bach T. Enantioselective Intramolecular ortho Photocycloaddition Reactions of 2-Acetonaphthones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318126. [PMID: 38275271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
2-Acetonaphthones, which bear an alkenyl group tethered to its C1 carbon atom via an oxygen atom, were found to undergo an enantioselective intramolecular ortho photocycloaddition reaction. A chiral oxazaborolidine Lewis acid leads to a bathochromic absorption shift of the substrate and enables an efficient enantioface differentiation. Visible light irradiation (λ=450 nm) triggers the reaction which is tolerant of various groups at almost any position except carbon atom C8 (16 examples, 53-99 % yield, 80-97 % ee). Consecutive reactions were explored including a sensitized rearrangement to tetrahydrobiphenylenes, which occurred with full retention of configuration. Evidence was collected that the catalytic photocycloaddition occurs via triplet intermediates, and the binding mode of the acetonaphthone to the chiral Lewis acid was elucidated by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yan
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Simone Stegbauer
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Qinqin Wu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Elena Kolodzeiski
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Christopher J Stein
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Ping Lu
- Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Lu, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747, Garching, Germany
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6
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Wang Q, He J, Qi Y, Ye Y, Ye J, Zhou M. Ultrasound-enhanced nano catalyst with ferroptosis-apoptosis combined anticancer strategy for metastatic uveal melanoma. Biomaterials 2024; 305:122458. [PMID: 38211370 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary ocular tumor owing to its highly invasive and metastatic characteristics. Currently, standard clinical treatment has an unsatisfied curative effect due to the lack of an effective approach to inhibit the tumor metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new strategy that can both restraint local tumors and suppress the ocular tumor metastasis. Herein, we developed ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles (FeP NPs) that can both hinder the growth of in situ ocular tumor and prevent the tumor metastasis through the ferroptosis-apoptosis combined-anticancer strategy. The FeP NPs were assembling by stimulating gallic acid-Fe (III) and paclitaxel, then could be internalized into tumor cells under the cooperative effect of ultrasound, which further activates the intracellular Fenton reaction and generates high reactive oxygen species levels, ultimately leading to mitochondrial damage, lipid per-oxidation, and apoptosis. The FeP NPs can efficiently inhibit the tumor growth in an orthotopic uveal melanoma model. More importantly, the level of the promoting-metastatic factor nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) secreted by cancer cells is significantly reduced, further limits cancer metastasis to the cervical lymph node and finally inhibits lung metastasis of uveal melanoma. We believe that these designed ultrasound-enhanced nanoparticles possess potential clinical application for preventing the regeneration and metastasis of uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingya Wang
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Jian He
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuchen Qi
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China; University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China; Research Center for Life Science and Human Health Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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7
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Lavernhe R, Domke P, Wang Q, Zhu J. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (-)-Artatrovirenol A. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:24408-24415. [PMID: 37874878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
We report herein an enantioselective total synthesis of (-)-artatrovirenol A, a structurally unprecedented cage-like sesquiterpenoid. The synthesis features the following key steps: (a) cationic chiral oxazaborolidinium-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction between isoprene and ethyl (E)-5-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-4-oxopent-2-enoate for the rapid synthesis of an enantioenriched 10-carbon bicyclic lactone; (b) union of two enantioenriched fragments by a diastereoselective Mukaiyama-Michael addition for the convergent assembly of an intermediate with all 15 carbons of the natural product; (c) intramolecular de Mayo [2 + 2] cycloaddition/retro-aldol sequence transforming a bicyclic compound to a tetracyclic one with concomitant generation of a five- and a seven-membered ring; (d) Lewis acid-triggered intramolecular ring opening of epoxide generating the norbornane substructure; and (e) Chugaev elimination converting the norbornane to the more strained norbornene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Lavernhe
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Domke
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Barber T. Altogether changed, and yet the same. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1495-1496. [PMID: 37907607 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Barber
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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9
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Kim B, Puthukanoori RK, Martha B, Reddy Muthyala N, Thota S, Thummala V, Rao Paraselli B, Chen DYK. Stereo-Controlled Synthesis of Vicinal Tertiary Carbinols: Application in the Synthesis of a Diol Substructure of Zaragozic Acid, Pactamycin and Ryanodol. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301938. [PMID: 37395682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel and flexible approach for the stereo-controlled synthesis of vicinal tertiary carbinols is reported. The developed strategy featured a highly diastereoselective singlet-oxygen (O2 1 ) [4+2] cycloaddition of rationally designed cyclohexadienones (derived from oxidative dearomatization of the corresponding carboxylic-acid appended phenol precursors), followed by programmed "O-O" and "C-C" bond cleavage. In doing so, a highly functionalized and versatile intermediate was identified and prepared in synthetically useful quantity as a plausible precursor to access a variety of designed and naturally occurring vicinal tertiary carbinol containing compounds. Most notably, the developed strategy was successfully applied in the stereo-controlled synthesis of advanced core structures of zaragozic acid, pactamycin and ryanodol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungjoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Thota
- Chemveda Life Sciences, Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, Telangana, 500039, India
| | | | | | - David Y-K Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
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10
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Gómez-Suárez A, Neumann CN. Stereochemistry in All Its Shapes and Forms: The 56 th Bürgenstock Conference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309468. [PMID: 37590448 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Acknowledging the crucial role of stereochemistry in fields as diverse as total synthesis, synthetic methodology, spectroscopy, and the study of the origin of life, the 56th SCS Conference on Stereochemistry, better known as the BÃ1/4rgenstock Conference, brought together a diverse range of chemistry expertise in Brunnen, Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Constanze N Neumann
- Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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11
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Broumidis E, Thomson CG, Gallagher B, Sotorríos L, McKendrick KG, Macgregor SA, Paterson MJ, Lovett JE, Lloyd GO, Rosair GM, Kalogirou AS, Koutentis PA, Vilela F. The Photochemical Mediated Ring Contraction of 4 H-1,2,6-Thiadiazines To Afford 1,2,5-Thiadiazol-3(2 H)-one 1-Oxides. Org Lett 2023; 25:6907-6912. [PMID: 37695021 PMCID: PMC10521009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
1,2,6-Thiadiazines treated with visible light and 3O2 under ambient conditions are converted into difficult-to-access 1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxides (35 examples, yields of 39-100%). Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that 1,2,6-thiadiazines act as triplet photosensitizers that produce 1O2 and then undergo a chemoselective [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give an endoperoxide that ring contracts with selective carbon atom excision and complete atom economy. The reaction was optimized under both batch and continuous-flow conditions and is also efficient in green solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Broumidis
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. Thomson
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Gallagher
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Lia Sotorríos
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G. McKendrick
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J. Paterson
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Janet E. Lovett
- SUPA
School of Physics and Astronomy and BSRC, University of St Andrews, St.
Andrews, KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth O. Lloyd
- Joseph
Banks Laboratories, School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford
Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina M. Rosair
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas S. Kalogirou
- Department
of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European
University Cyprus, 6 Diogenes Str., Engomi, P.O. Box 22006, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia Cyprus
| | | | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute
of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
- Continuum
Flow Lab, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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12
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Reid M, Teskey CJ. Highlights from the 56th Bürgenstock Conference on Stereochemistry 2023. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9244-9247. [PMID: 37712042 PMCID: PMC10498497 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc90151c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we share an overview of the scientific highlights from speakers at the latest edition of the longstanding Bürgenstock Conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Reid
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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13
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Li Z, Zhang L, Xu K, Jiang Y, Du J, Zhang X, Meng LH, Wu Q, Du L, Li X, Hu Y, Xie Z, Jiang X, Tang YJ, Wu R, Guo RT, Li S. Molecular insights into the catalytic promiscuity of a bacterial diterpene synthase. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4001. [PMID: 37414771 PMCID: PMC10325987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diterpene synthase VenA is responsible for assembling venezuelaene A with a unique 5-5-6-7 tetracyclic skeleton from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. VenA also demonstrates substrate promiscuity by accepting geranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate as alternative substrates. Herein, we report the crystal structures of VenA in both apo form and holo form in complex with a trinuclear magnesium cluster and pyrophosphate group. Functional and structural investigations on the atypical 115DSFVSD120 motif of VenA, versus the canonical Asp-rich motif of DDXX(X)D/E, reveal that the absent second Asp of canonical motif is functionally replaced by Ser116 and Gln83, together with bioinformatics analysis identifying a hidden subclass of type I microbial terpene synthases. Further structural analysis, multiscale computational simulations, and structure-directed mutagenesis provide significant mechanistic insights into the substrate selectivity and catalytic promiscuity of VenA. Finally, VenA is semi-rationally engineered into a sesterterpene synthase to recognize the larger substrate geranylfarnesyl pyrophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jieke Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ling-Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanhai Road 7, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Qile Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Lei Du
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiaoju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yuechan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Xukai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ya-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Ruibo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Rey-Ting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China.
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, No. 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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14
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Chen XW, Hou ZC, Chen C, Zhang LH, Chen ME, Zhang FM. Enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids from Psoralea corylifolia. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5699-5704. [PMID: 37265714 PMCID: PMC10231314 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00582h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of six natural and two proposed meroterpenoids isolated from Psoralea corylifolia have been achieved in 7-9 steps from 2-methylcyclohexanone. The current synthetic approaches feature a high level of synthetic flexibility, stereodivergent fashion and short synthetic route, thereby providing a potential platform for the preparation of numerous this-type meroterpenoids and their pseudo-natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zi-Chao Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Chi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Ling-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
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15
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Min L, Han JC, Zhang W, Gu CC, Zou YP, Li CC. Strategies and Lessons Learned from Total Synthesis of Taxol. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4934-4971. [PMID: 36917457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Taxol (paclitaxel), the most well-known taxane diterpenoid, is the best-selling natural-source anticancer drug ever produced and one of the most common prescriptions in the treatment of breast, lung, and ovarian cancers, saving countless lives around the world. Structurally, Taxol possesses a highly oxygenated [6-8-6-4] core bearing 11 stereocenters, seven of which are contiguous chiral centers. Moreover, the extremely strained bicyclo[5.3.1] undecane ring system with a bridgehead double bond is a unique structural feature. All these features make Taxol a highly challenging synthetic target. Tremendous synthetic efforts from more than 60 research groups around the world have already culminated in ten total syntheses and three formal syntheses, as well as more than 60 synthetic model studies of Taxol. This review is intended to provide a long-overdue appraisal of the great achievements in the total syntheses of Taxol reported in the last few decades. In doing so, we summarize the development of synthesis toward Taxol from 1994 to 2022, including the evolution of synthetic strategy for accessing this complex molecular scaffold and key lessons learned from such endeavors. Finally, we briefly discuss the future of the research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing-Chun Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen-Chen Gu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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16
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Szczepanik PM, Mikhaylov AA, Hylse O, Kučera R, Daďová P, Nečas M, Kubala L, Paruch K, Švenda J. Convergent Assembly of the Tricyclic Labdane Core Enables Synthesis of Diverse Forskolin-like Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213183. [PMID: 36321750 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a new synthetic strategy for the flexible preparation of forskolin-like molecules. The approach is different from the previously published works and employs a convergent assembly of the tricyclic labdane-type core from pre-functionalized cyclic building blocks. Stereoselective Michael addition enabled the fragment coupling with excellent control over three newly created contiguous stereocenters, all-carbon quaternary centers included. Silyl enol ether-promoted ring-opening metathesis paired with ring closure were the other key steps enabling concise assembly of the tricyclic core. Late-stage functionalization sequences transformed the tricyclic intermediates into a set of different forskolin-like molecules. The modular nature of the synthetic scheme described herein has the potential to become a general platform for the preparation of analogs of forskolin and other complex tricyclic labdanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł M Szczepanik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Andrey A Mikhaylov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hylse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kučera
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Daďová
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Nečas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Kubala
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, Brno, 612 65, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Paruch
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Švenda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic
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17
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Perea MA, Wang B, Wyler BC, Ham JS, O’Connor NR, Nagasawa S, Kimura Y, Manske C, Scherübl M, Nguyen JM, Sarpong R. General Synthetic Approach to Diverse Taxane Cores. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21398-21407. [PMID: 36346461 PMCID: PMC9901290 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis of natural products is typically inspired by the structure and function of a target molecule. When both factors are of interest, such as in the case of taxane diterpenoids, a synthesis can both serve as a platform for synthetic strategy development and enable new biological exploration. Guided by this paradigm, we present here a unified enantiospecific approach to diverse taxane cores from the feedstock monoterpenoid (S)-carvone. Key to the success of our approach was the use of a skeletal remodeling strategy which began with the divergent reorganization and convergent coupling of two carvone-derived fragments, facilitated by Pd-catalyzed C-C bond cleavage tactics. This coupling was followed by additional restructuring using a Sm(II)-mediated rearrangement and a bioinspired, visible-light induced, transannular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition. Overall, this divergent monoterpenoid remodeling/convergent fragment coupling approach to complex diterpenoid synthesis provides access to structurally disparate taxane cores which have set the stage for the preparation of a wide range of taxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin C. Wyler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jin Su Ham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nicholas R. O’Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shota Nagasawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuto Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carolin Manske
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Maximilian Scherübl
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Johny M. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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18
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Hwang T, Tuccinardi JP, Beard AA, Jackson AC, Jung MJ, Wood JL. Total Syntheses of (±)-Dracocephalone A and (±)-Dracocequinones A and B. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210821. [PMID: 36121442 PMCID: PMC9828498 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Described herein are the first total syntheses of (±)-dracocephalone A (1) and (±)-dracocequinones A (4) and B (5). The synthesis was initially envisioned as proceeding through an intramolecular isobenzofuran Diels-Alder reaction, a strategy that eventually evolved into a Lewis acid-promoted spirocyclization. This highly diastereoselective transformation set the stage for trans-decalin formation and a late-stage Suárez oxidation that produced a [3.2.1] oxabicycle suited for conversion to 1. Brønsted acid-mediated aromatization, followed by a series of carefully choreographed oxidations, allowed for rearrangement to a [2.2.2] oxabicycle poised for conversion to 4 and 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Joseph P. Tuccinardi
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Alexandra A. Beard
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Amy C. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - Min J. Jung
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
| | - John L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryBaylor UniversityOne Bear Place97348WacoTexas 76798USA
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19
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Sennari G, Gardner KE, Wiesler S, Haider M, Eggert A, Sarpong R. Unified Total Syntheses of Benzenoid Cephalotane-Type Norditerpenoids: Cephanolides and Ceforalides. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19173-19185. [PMID: 36198090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Detailed herein are our synthetic studies toward the preparation of the C18- and C19-benzenoid cephalotane-type norditerpenoids. Guided by chemical network analysis, the core structure of this natural product family was constructed in a concise manner using an iterative cross-coupling, followed by a formal inverse-electron-demand [4 + 2] cycloaddition. Initial efforts to functionalize an alkene group in the [4 + 2] cycloadduct using a Mukaiyama hydration and a subsequent olefination led to the complete C18-carbon framework. While effective, this approach proved lengthy and prompted the development of a direct alkene difunctionalization that relies on borocupration to advance the cycloadduct to the natural products. Late-stage peripheral C-H functionalization facilitated access to all of the known cephanolides in 6-10 steps as well as five recently isolated ceforalides in 8-13 steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Sennari
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristen E Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Maximilian Haider
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alina Eggert
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208329. [PMID: 35920713 PMCID: PMC9826208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
While 2-alk-ω-enyloxy-sustituted benzaldehydes do not display any photochemical reactivity at the arene core, the respective iminium perchlorates were found to undergo efficient reactions either upon direct irradiation (λ=366 nm) or under sensitizing conditions (λ=420 nm, 2.5 mol% thioxanthen-9-one). Three pathways were found: (a) Most commonly, the reaction led to benzoxacyclic products in which the olefin in the tether underwent a formal, yet unprecedented carboformylation (13 examples, 44-99 % yield). The cascade process occurred with high diastereoselectivity and was found to be stereoconvergent. (b) If a substituent resides in the 3-position of the benzene ring, a meta photocycloaddition was observed which produced tetracyclic skeletons with five stereogenic centers in excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity (2 examples, 58-79 % yield). (c) If the tether was internally substituted at the alkene, an arene photocycloaddition was avoided and an azetidine was formed in an aza Paternò-Büchi reaction (2 examples, 95-98 % yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Department Chemie and Catalysis Research Center (CRC)School of Natural SciencesTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485747GarchingGermany
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21
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Hu R, Yuan Y, Gu M, Zou YQ. Recent advances in chiral aggregation-induced emission fluorogens. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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22
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Lübken D, Siekmeyer B, Kalesse M. Photochemical 1,3‐Acyl Shifts in Natural Product Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lübken
- Leibniz Universität Hannover: Leibniz Universitat Hannover Institut für Organische Chemie GERMANY
| | - Björn Siekmeyer
- Leibniz Universität Hannover: Leibniz Universitat Hannover Institute for Organic Chemistry Schneiderberg 1b 30167 Hannover GERMANY
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Leibniz Universität Hannover: Leibniz Universitat Hannover Organische Chemie Schneiderberg 1B 30167 Hannover GERMANY
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23
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Bach T, Gilbert A. The Awakening of a Sleeping Beauty: The ortho Photocycloaddition in the Total Synthesis of Protoilludane- and Prezizaene-Type Sesquiterpenes. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhotochemical cascade (domino) reactions provide a unique opportunity for the construction of complex molecular architectures. Specifically, an intramolecular ortho photocycloaddition of 7-(alkenyloxy)-indanones triggers a sequence of consecutive reactions that can lead in a single operation to the complete skeleton of two important classes of sesquiterpenes: protoilludanes and prezizaenes. In the former case, two transformations follow the initial photocycloaddition, while in the latter case, there are three consecutive transformations, two of which are initiated by a photon. Remarkably, the reaction cascades proceed with exquisite diastereoselectivity, generating three (protoilludane) or five (prezizaene) stereogenic centers with defined relative configurations.1 Introduction2 First Encounter and Initial Studies3 Protoilludane-Type Sesquiterpenes4 Prezizaene-Type Sesquiterpenes5 Enantioselectivity6 Perspective and Summary
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24
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Proessdorf J, Jandl C, Pickl T, Bach T. Arene Activation through Iminium Ions: Product Diversity from Intramolecular Photocycloaddition Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Proessdorf
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thomas Pickl
- Technische Universität München: Technische Universitat Munchen Department Chemie GERMANY
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching GERMANY
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25
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Wang X, Liu F, Xu T. Catalytic diastereoselective construction of multiple contiguous quaternary carbon stereocenters via [2 + 2] cycloaddition and mechanistic insight. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Facile access to fused 2D/3D rings via intermolecular cascade dearomative [2 + 2] cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions of quinolines with alkenes. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHybrid fused two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) rings are important pharmacophores in drugs owing to their unique structural and physicochemical properties. Preparation of these strained ring systems often requires elaborate synthetic effort and exhibits low efficiency, thus representing a limiting factor in drug discovery. Here, we report two types of energy-transfer-mediated cascade dearomative [2 + 2] cycloaddition/rearrangement reactions of quinoline derivatives with alkenes, which provide a straightforward avenue to 2D/3D pyridine-fused 6−5−4−3- and 6−4−6-membered ring systems. Notably, this energy-transfer-mediated strategy features excellent diastereoselectivity that bypasses the general reactivity and selectivity issues of photochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition of various other aromatics. Tuning the aza-arene substitutions enabled selective diversion of the iridium photocatalysed energy transfer manifold towards either cyclopropanation or cyclobutane-rearrangement products. Density functional theory calculations revealed a cascade energy transfer scenario to be operative.
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27
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Abstract
Terpenoids constitute a broad class of natural compounds with tremendous variability in structure and bioactivity, which resulted in a strong interest of the chemical community to this class of natural products over the last 150 years. The presence of strained small rings renders the terpenoid targets interesting for chemical synthesis, due to limited number of available methods and stability issues. In this feature article, a number of recent examples of total syntheses of terpenoids with complex carbon frameworks featuring small rings are discussed. Specific emphasis is given to the new developments in strategical and tactical approaches to construction of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb A Chesnokov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Mechanistic investigations of hirsutene biosynthesis catalyzed by a chimeric sesquiterpene synthase from Steccherinum ochraceum. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 161:103700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Zhang A, Xu J, Li Y, Hu M, Lin Z, Song Y, Qi J, Chen W, Liu Z, Cheng Y. Three-Dimensional Large-Scale Fused Silica Microfluidic Chips Enabled by Hybrid Laser Microfabrication for Continuous-Flow UV Photochemical Synthesis. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040543. [PMID: 35457848 PMCID: PMC9026117 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a hybrid laser microfabrication approach, which combines the technical merits of ultrafast laser-assisted chemical etching and carbon dioxide laser-induced in situ melting for centimeter-scale and bonding-free fabrication of 3D complex hollow microstructures in fused silica glass. With the developed approach, large-scale fused silica microfluidic chips with integrated 3D cascaded micromixing units can be reliably manufactured. High-performance on-chip mixing and continuous-flow photochemical synthesis under UV irradiation at ~280 nm were demonstrated using the manufactured chip, indicating a powerful capability for versatile fabrication of highly transparent all-glass microfluidic reactors for on-chip photochemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aodong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jian Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yucen Li
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Ming Hu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Zijie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jia Qi
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Chen
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoxiang Liu
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ya Cheng
- Engineering Research Center for Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (A.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (Z.L.); (Y.S.)
- XXL—The Extreme Optoelectromechanics Laboratory, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (J.Q.); (W.C.); (Z.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (Y.C.)
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Cao MY, Ma BJ, Gu QX, Fu B, Lu HH. Concise Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Daphenylline Enabled by an Intramolecular Oxidative Dearomatization. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5750-5755. [PMID: 35289615 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Daphenylline is a structurally unique member of the triterpenoid Daphniphyllum natural alkaloids, which exhibit intriguing biological activities. Six total syntheses have been reported, five of which utilize aromatization approaches. Herein, we report a concise protecting-group-free total synthesis by means of a novel intramolecular oxidative dearomatization reaction, which concurrently generates the critical seven-membered ring and the quaternary-containing vicinal stereocenters. Other notable transformations include a tandem reductive amination/amidation double cyclization reaction, to assemble the cage-like architecture, and installation of the other two chiral stereocenters via a highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed challenging hydrogenation of the diene intermediate (90% e.e.) and an unprecedented remote acid-directed Mukaiyama-Michael reaction of the complex benzofused cyclohexanone (13:1 d.r.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yue Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bin-Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qing-Xiu Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Hai-Hua Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China.,Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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31
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Kumar R, Richter S, Maity S, Sarkar P, Chrysochos N, Pati SK, Ghosh P, Schulzke C, Jana A. Activation of O 2 across a C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3122-3125. [PMID: 35113113 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of atmospheric molecular dioxygen (O2) is reported, which occurred across a C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond of a piperazine derivative without any catalyst at ambient conditions under the formation of 1,2,4,7-dioxadiazoctane, an 8-membered (larger-ring) cyclic organic peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Stefan Richter
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Suvendu Maity
- Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India.
| | - Pallavi Sarkar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
| | - Swapan K Pati
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
| | - Prasanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Residential College, Narendrapur, Kolkata-700103, India.
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-500046, Telangana, India.
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32
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Sara AA, Um-e-Farwa UEF, Saeed A, Kalesse M. Recent Applications of the Diels–Alder Reaction in the Synthesis of Natural Products (2017–2020). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1532-4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Diels–Alder reaction has long been established as an extremely useful procedure in the toolbox of natural product chemists. It tolerates a wide spectrum of building blocks of different complexity and degrees of derivatization, and enables the formation of six-membered rings with well-defined stereochemistry. In recent years, many total syntheses of natural products have been reported that rely, at some point, on the use of a [4+2]-cycloaddition step. Among classic approaches, several modifications of the Diels–Alder reaction, such as hetero-Diels–Alder reactions, dehydro-Diels–Alder reactions and domino-Diels–Alder reactions, have been employed to extend the scope of this process in the synthesis of natural products. Our short review covers applications of the Diels–Alder reaction in natural product syntheses between 2017 and 2020, as well as selected methodologies which are inspired by, or that can be used to access natural products.1 Introduction2 Syntheses from 20173 Syntheses from 20184 Syntheses from 20195 Syntheses from 20206 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Quaid-I-Azam University, Department of Chemistry
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI)
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33
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Teworte S, Malcı K, Walls LE, Halim M, Rios-Solis L. Recent advances in fed-batch microscale bioreactor design. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107888. [PMID: 34923075 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced fed-batch microbioreactors mitigate scale up risks and more closely mimic industrial cultivation practices. Recently, high throughput microscale feeding strategies have been developed which improve the accessibility of microscale fed-batch cultivation irrespective of experimental budget. This review explores such technologies and their role in accelerating bioprocess development. Diffusion- and enzyme-controlled feeding achieve a continuous supply of substrate while being simple and affordable. More complex feed profiles and greater process control require additional hardware. Automated liquid handling robots may be programmed to predefined feed profiles and have the sensitivity to respond to deviations in process parameters. Microfluidic technologies have been shown to facilitate both continuous and precise feeding. Holistic approaches, which integrate automated high-throughput fed-batch cultivation with strategic design of experiments and model-based optimisation, dramatically enhance process understanding whilst minimising experimental burden. The incorporation of real-time data for online optimisation of feed conditions can further refine screening. Although the technologies discussed in this review hold promise for efficient, low-risk bioprocess development, the expense and complexity of automated cultivation platforms limit their widespread application. Future attention should be directed towards the development of open-source software and reducing the exclusivity of hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Teworte
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Koray Malcı
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, United Kingdom; Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Laura E Walls
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, United Kingdom; Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Murni Halim
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, United Kingdom; Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Nassar Y, Piva O. Photoredox-catalyzed hydroxymethylation of β-ketoesters: application to the synthesis of [3.3.3] propellane lactones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9251-9259. [PMID: 34664603 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01712h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-catalysed hydroxymethylation of β-ketoesters substituted by an allyl subunit on the α-position afforded directly the corresponding bicyclic lactones possessing both a hydroxy group and an unsaturation. A subsequent regioselective iodoetherification led to the formation of original [3.3.3] propellane structures. Substitution of the iodine atom by various nucleophiles afforded highly functionnalized structures including triazolomethyl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Nassar
- Université de Lyon; CNRS; UCBL; UMR 5246 - Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Olivier Piva
- Université de Lyon; CNRS; UCBL; UMR 5246 - Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918-69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Rauscher N, Næsborg L, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Total Synthesis of Agarozizanol B via a Strained Photocascade Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rauscher
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität München School of Natural Sciences Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
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Rauscher N, Næsborg L, Jandl C, Bach T. Concise Total Synthesis of Agarozizanol B via a Strained Photocascade Intermediate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24039-24042. [PMID: 34519408 PMCID: PMC8596452 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The prezizane-type sesquiterpene agarozizanol B was synthesized employing a photochemical cascade reaction as the key step. Starting from a readily available 1-indanone with a tethered olefin, a strained tetracyclic skeleton was assembled which contained all carbon atoms of the sesquiterpene with the correct relative configuration. The conversion into the tricyclic prezizane skeleton was accomplished by a strategic cyclopropane bond cleavage. Prior to the cyclopropane ring opening an adaption of the oxidation state was required, which could be combined with a reductive resolution step. After removal of two functional groups, the natural product was obtained both in racemic form or, if resolved, as the (+)-enantiomer which was shown to be identical to the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Rauscher
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technische Universität MünchenSchool of Natural SciencesDepartment of Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterLichtenbergstrasse 485747GarchingGermany
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Abstract
Taxol is one of the most famous natural diterpenoids and an important anticancer medicine. Taxol represents a formidable synthetic challenge and has prompted significant interest from the synthetic community. However, in all the previous syntheses of Taxol, there have been no reports of closing the desired eight-membered ring through C1-C2 bond formation. Furthermore, the existence of Taxol-resistant tumors and side effects of Taxol make the development of new approaches to synthesize Taxol and its derivatives highly desirable. Here, we report the asymmetric total synthesis of Taxol using a concise approach through 19 isolated intermediates. The synthetically challenging eight-membered ring was constructed efficiently by a diastereoselective intramolecular SmI2-mediated pinacol coupling reaction to form the C1-C2 bond. The unique biomimetic oxygen ene reaction and the newly developed facile tandem C2-benzoate formation and C13 side chain installation improved the efficiency of the synthesis. The mild oxygen ene reaction under light conditions would be an alternative reaction involved in Taxol biosynthesis. This new convergent approach will allow the diverse creation of Taxol derivatives to enable further biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jian Hu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen-Chen Gu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin-Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuang-Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Taxus yunnanensis genome offers insights into gymnosperm phylogeny and taxol production. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1203. [PMID: 34671091 PMCID: PMC8528922 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxol, a natural product derived from Taxus, is one of the most effective natural anticancer drugs and the biosynthetic pathway of Taxol is the basis of heterologous bio-production. Here, we report a high-quality genome assembly and annotation of Taxus yunnanensis based on 10.7 Gb sequences assembled into 12 chromosomes with contig N50 and scaffold N50 of 2.89 Mb and 966.80 Mb, respectively. Phylogenomic analyses show that T. yunnanensis is most closely related to Sequoiadendron giganteum among the sampled taxa, with an estimated divergence time of 133.4-213.0 MYA. As with most gymnosperms, and unlike most angiosperms, there is no evidence of a recent whole-genome duplication in T. yunnanensis. Repetitive sequences, especially long terminal repeat retrotransposons, are prevalent in the T. yunnanensis genome, contributing to its large genome size. We further integrated genomic and transcriptomic data to unveil clusters of genes involved in Taxol synthesis, located on the chromosome 12, while gene families encoding hydroxylase in the Taxol pathway exhibited significant expansion. Our study contributes to the further elucidation of gymnosperm relationships and the Taxol biosynthetic pathway.
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Cheng J, Wang X, Liu X, Zhu X, Li Z, Chu H, Wang Q, Lou Q, Cai B, Yang Y, Lu X, Peng K, Liu D, Liu Y, Lu L, Liu H, Yang T, Ge Q, Shi C, Liu G, Dong Z, Xu X, Wang W, Jiang H, Ma Y. Chromosome-level genome of Himalayan yew provides insights into the origin and evolution of the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1199-1209. [PMID: 33951484 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Taxus, commonly known as yew, is a well-known gymnosperm with great ornamental and medicinal value. In this study, by assembling a chromosome-level genome of the Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana) with 10.9 Gb in 12 chromosomes, we revealed that tandem duplication acts as the driving force of gene family evolution in the yew genome, resulting in the main genes for paclitaxel biosynthesis, i.e. those encoding the taxadiene synthase, P450s, and transferases, being clustered on the same chromosome. The tandem duplication may also provide genetic resources for the nature to sculpt the core structure of taxoids at different positions and subsequently establish the complex pathway of paclitaxel by neofunctionalization. Furthermore, we confirmed that there are two genes in the cluster encoding isoenzymes of a known enzyme in the paclitaxel biosynthetic pathway. The reference genome of the Himalayan yew will serve as a platform for decoding the complete biosynthetic pathway of paclitaxel and understanding the chemodiversity of taxoids in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; Jiaxing Synbiolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314006, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihe Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Huanyu Chu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - QianQian Lou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Bijun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yiqun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Kai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dingyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yuwan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengcheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guichun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Huifeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
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Schneider F, Pan L, Ottenbruch M, List T, Gaich T. The Chemistry of Nonclassical Taxane Diterpene. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:2347-2360. [PMID: 33942612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The taxane diterpenes are a pharmaceutically vital family of natural products, consisting of more than 550 congeners. All taxane diterpenes are isolated from slow growing evergreen shrubs (genus Taxus) commonly known as "yews" and have a history of over 50 years as potent anticancer compounds. The most prominent congener, taxol (paclitaxel = PTX), has been used in clinics for more than 25 years and is one of the top-selling anticancer drugs worldwide, with annual sales reaching 1.5 billion USD in 1999. Within the taxane diterpene family 11 different scaffolds originating from rearrangements, fragmentations, or transannular C-C bond formations of the "classical taxane core" are known. Among them, five different scaffolds alone belong to the so-called complex or cyclotaxane subfamily, their signature structural feature bearing different types and numbers of transannular C-C bonds across the classical taxane backbone. For synthetic chemists, these five scaffolds represent by far the most challenging of all and have thus evaded total synthesis as well as detailed pharmaceutical evaluation-the latter due to extremely poor sourcing from natural producers. The cousinship of complex taxanes to taxol renders them potentially interesting compounds for drug research in the fight against cancer.This Account specifically summarizes the work on nonclassical taxanes from a biosynthetic, as well as a synthetic, point and provides a synthetic perspective on complex taxanes. Special attention is given to the biosynthetic relationship of complex taxanes and their biological emergence from classical taxanes. The transannular C-C bond forming events in the biosynthesis leading to the five individual scaffolds within this subfamily are structured on the basis of the exact type and number of these specific C-C bond formations. Since functionalization of the classical taxane core in the "oxidase phase" of the biosynthesis precedes the formation of complex taxanes, and is in part prerequisite for these transannular cyclization events, a detailed discussion of these oxidations of the classical taxane backbone is provided. Synthetic efforts toward nonclassical taxanes are scarce in literature and are thus presented in a comprehensive manner for abeotaxanes and complex taxanes. The last part of this Account deals with a synthetic perspective on the synthesis of complex taxanes (cyclotaxanes) and how these most intricate scaffolds can potentially be obtained via a deconvolution strategy. This discussion involves in part unpublished results by our group and is based upon synthetic studies in the literature. The deconvolution strategy we advocate aims for selective fragmentations of the signature transannular C-C bonds of the most intricate scaffold represented by the natural product canataxpropellane, which has recently been synthesized by our group. This strategy represents the converse process of the biosynthesis of complex taxanes (e.g., transannular cyclizations) and is enabled and feasible due to our approach to the canataxpropellane scaffold. We show that, by following this deconvolution strategy, all five scaffolds of complex taxanes can thereby be accessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Moritz Ottenbruch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tatjana List
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tanja Gaich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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41
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Recent advances in the total synthesis of natural products bearing the contiguous all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhou YJ, Liang XW. Total synthesis of natural products using photocycloaddition reactions of arenes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:5558-5566. [PMID: 32677654 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The photocycloaddition reaction of benzene with alkenes has become a significant approach for organic chemists and thus has been frequently utilized as a key step in the total synthesis of natural products. In this mini-review, the recent developments in [4 + 2] and [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reactions will be emphasized in constructing core scaffolds of complex natural products. By combining them together, we aim to demonstrate the utility and reinstate the importance of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying-Jun Zhou
- Xiang-Ya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Liang
- Xiang-Ya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
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43
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Feng H, Zhao Y, Liu P, Hu L. Sc(OTf) 3-Catalyzed C-C Bond-Forming Reaction of Cyclic Peroxy Ketals for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1,2-Dioxene Endoperoxides. Org Lett 2021; 23:1632-1637. [PMID: 33591195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new and general Sc(OTf)3-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reaction of 3-(2-methoxyethoxy)-endoperoxy ketals with silyl ketene acetals, silyl enol ethers, allyltrimethylsilane, and trimethylsilyl cyanide has been developed via the reactive peroxycarbenium ions, affording a wide range of complicated 3,3,6,6-tetrasubstituted 1,2-dioxenes bearing adjacent quaternary carbons and 3-acetyl/allyl/cyano functional groups in good yields at room temperature. Notably, the resultant 1,2-dioxenes are structurally stable, which can be facially transformed into another important 1,2-dioxane endoperoxide under conventional hydrogenation conditions without deconstructing the weak O-O bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Pengkang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Lin Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
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Jiang Y, McNamee RE, Smith PJ, Sozanschi A, Tong Z, Anderson EA. Advances in polycyclization cascades in natural product synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:58-71. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cascade reactions are among the most powerful means to achieve the construction of multiple ring systems in a single step. This tutorial review describes recent advances in the use of polycyclization cascades in natural product synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Jiang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
- Faculty of Science
- Kunming University of Science and Technology
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45
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Hou A, Dickschat JS. The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Sestermobaraenes-Discovery of a Geranylfarnesyl Diphosphate Synthase and a Multiproduct Sesterterpene Synthase from Streptomyces mobaraensis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:19961-19965. [PMID: 32749032 PMCID: PMC7693059 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces mobaraensis encoding the first cases of a bacterial geranylfarnesyl diphosphate synthase and a type I sesterterpene synthase was identified. The structures of seven sesterterpenes produced by these enzymes were elucidated, including their absolute configurations. The enzyme mechanism of the sesterterpene synthase was investigated by extensive isotope labeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute of Organic Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
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Hou A, Dickschat JS. Biosynthesegencluster für Sestermobaraene – Entdeckung einer Geranylfarnesyldiphosphatsynthase und einer Multiprodukt‐Sesterterpensynthase aus
Streptomyces mobaraensis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwei Hou
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
| | - Jeroen S. Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Universität Bonn Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1 53121 Bonn Deutschland
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47
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Eggert A, Etling C, Lübken D, Saxarra M, Kalesse M. Contiguous Quaternary Carbons: A Selection of Total Syntheses. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173841. [PMID: 32847075 PMCID: PMC7504199 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Contiguous quaternary carbons in terpene natural products remain a major challenge in total synthesis. Synthetic strategies to overcome this challenge will be a pivotal prerequisite to the medicinal application of natural products and their analogs or derivatives. In this review, we cover syntheses of natural products that exhibit a dense assembly of quaternary carbons and whose syntheses were uncompleted until recently. While discussing their syntheses, we not only cover the most recent total syntheses but also provide an update on the status quo of modern syntheses of complex natural products. Herein, we review (±)-canataxpropellane, (+)-waihoensene, (–)-illisimonin A and (±)-11-O-debenzoyltashironin as prominent examples of natural products bearing contiguous quaternary carbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Eggert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (A.E.); (C.E.); (D.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Christoph Etling
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (A.E.); (C.E.); (D.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Dennis Lübken
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (A.E.); (C.E.); (D.L.); (M.S.)
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung(HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Saxarra
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (A.E.); (C.E.); (D.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover und Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 1B, D-30167 Hannover, Germany; (A.E.); (C.E.); (D.L.); (M.S.)
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung(HZI), Inhoffenstraße 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)511-7624688
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Raz K, Levi S, Gupta PK, Major DT. Enzymatic control of product distribution in terpene synthases: insights from multiscale simulations. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2020; 65:248-258. [PMID: 32679412 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this opinion, we review some recent work on terpene biosynthesis using multiscale simulation approaches, with special focus on contributions from our group. Terpene synthases generate terpenes employing rich carbocation chemistry, including highly specific ring formations, proton, hydride, methyl, and methylene migrations, followed by reaction quenching. In these enzymes, the main catalytic challenge is not rate enhancement, but rather control of intrinsically reactive carbocations and the resulting product distribution. Herein, we review multiscale simulations of selected mono-, sesqui-, and diterpene synthases. We point to the many tools adopted by terpene synthases to achieve correct substrate fold, carbocation formation, carbocation reaction environment, and reaction quenching. A better understanding of the toolbox employed by terpene synthases is expected to aid in the search for new enzymatic and biomimetic synthetic routes to natural and unnatural terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Raz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Shani Levi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Prashant Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Dan Thomas Major
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.
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49
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Daletos G, Katsimpouras C, Stephanopoulos G. Novel Strategies and Platforms for Industrial Isoprenoid Engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:811-822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Thomson CG, Lee AL, Vilela F. Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1495-1549. [PMID: 32647551 PMCID: PMC7323633 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between photocatalysis and continuous flow chemical reactors has shifted the paradigms of photochemistry, opening new avenues of research with safer and scalable processes that can be readily implemented in academia and industry. Current state-of-the-art photocatalysts are homogeneous transition metal complexes that have favourable photophysical properties, wide electrochemical redox potentials, and photostability. However, these photocatalysts present serious drawbacks, such as toxicity, limited availability, and the overall cost of rare transition metal elements. This reduces their long-term viability, especially at an industrial scale. Heterogeneous photocatalysts (HPCats) are an attractive alternative, as the requirement for the separation and purification is largely removed, but typically at the cost of efficiency. Flow chemical reactors can, to a large extent, mitigate the loss in efficiency through reactor designs that enhance mass transport and irradiation. Herein, we review some important developments of heterogeneous photocatalytic materials and their application in flow reactors for sustainable organic synthesis. Further, the application of continuous flow heterogeneous photocatalysis in environmental remediation is briefly discussed to present some interesting reactor designs that could be implemented to enhance organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Thomson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
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