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Chen JJ, Xie H, Liu LZ, Guan H, You Z, Zou L, Jin HJ. Strengthening gold with dispersed nanovoids. Science 2024; 385:629-633. [PMID: 39116230 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Materials often fail prematurely or catastrophically under load while containing voids, posing a challenge to materials manufacturing. We found that a metal (gold) containing spherical voids with a fraction of up to 10% does not fracture prematurely in tension when the voids are shrunk to the submicron or nanometer scale. Instead, the dispersed nanovoids increase the strength and ductility of the material while simultaneously reducing its weight. Apart from the suppressed stress or strain concentration, such structure provides enormous surface area and promotes surface-dislocation interactions, which enable strengthening and additional strain hardening and thus toughening. Transforming voids from crack-like detrimental defects into a beneficial "ingredient" provides an inexpensive and environmentally friendly approach for the development of a new class of lightweight, high-performance materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ji Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Huai Guan
- Institute of Materials Plainification, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Zesheng You
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Zou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Jin
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China
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2
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Zhang X, Jia B, Zeng Z, Zeng X, Wan Q, Pogrebnjak A, Zhang J, Pelenovich V, Yang B. Machine Learning-Based Design of Superhard High-Entropy Nitride Coatings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:36911-36922. [PMID: 38965667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Limited by the inefficiency of the conventional trial-and-error method and the boundless compositional design space of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), accelerating the discovery of superior-performing high-entropy nitride (HEN) coatings remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the superhard HEN coatings were designed and prepared using the rapidly developing data-driven model machine learning (ML). A database containing hardness and different features of HEN coatings was established and categorized into four subsets covering the information on composition, composition-physical descriptors, composition-technique parameters, and composition-physical descriptors-technique parameters. Feature engineering was employed to reduce dimensionality and interpret the impact of features on the evolution of hardness. Both root mean squared error (RMSE) and decision coefficient (R2) were applied to assess the predictive accuracy of ML models with different subsets, proportions of test set, and algorithms. The model with best predicted performance was used to explore superhard HEN coatings in a predefined virtual space. Among the generated 5-/6-/7-/8-component (excluding N) systems, the coating possessing highest hardness was individually selected for further preparation. Four newly prepared coatings achieved the superhard level with an average prediction error of 7.83%. The morphology, chemical composition, structure, and hardness of the newly prepared coatings were discussed. The nanocrystal-amorphous nanocomposite structure of the novel AlCrNbSiTiN coating with the highest hardness of 45.77 GPa was revealed. The results demonstrated that ML can effectively guide the design and composition optimization of superb-performance protective HEN coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Binyuan Jia
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaomei Zeng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Alexander Pogrebnjak
- Institute of Materials Science, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Jána Bottu 25, Trnava 917 24, Slovak Republic
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Vasiliy Pelenovich
- Institute of Technological Sciences of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
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3
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Hsu WL, Tsai CW, Yeh AC, Yeh JW. Clarifying the four core effects of high-entropy materials. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:471-485. [PMID: 38698142 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
High-entropy materials emerged as a field of research in 2004, when the first research on high-entropy alloys was published. The scope was soon expanded from high-entropy alloys to medium-entropy alloys, as well as to ceramics, polymers and composite materials. A fundamental understanding on high-entropy materials was proposed in 2006 by the 'four core effects' - high-entropy, severe-lattice-distortion, sluggish-diffusion and cocktail effects - which are often used to describe and explain the mechanisms of various peculiar phenomena associated with high-entropy materials. Throughout the years, the effects have been examined rigorously, and their validity has been affirmed. This Perspective discusses the fundamental understanding of the four core effects in high-entropy materials and gives further insights to strengthen the understanding for these effects. All these clarifications are believed to be helpful in understanding low-to-high-entropy materials as well as to aid the design of materials when studying new compositions or pursuing their use in applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Hsu
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Tsai
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - An-Chou Yeh
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jien-Wei Yeh
- High Entropy Materials Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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4
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Wang F, Song M, Elkot MN, Yao N, Sun B, Song M, Wang Z, Raabe D. Shearing brittle intermetallics enhances cryogenic strength and ductility of steels. Science 2024; 384:1017-1022. [PMID: 38815014 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Precipitates are crucial for crafting mechanically strong metallic materials. In this work, we report the dislocation cutting of B2 (ordered body-centered cubic) nanoprecipitates, typically considered nonshearable intermetallics, in a lightweight compositionally complex steel during cryogenic tensile loading. Shearing is enabled by the high strength level for dislocation glide within the austenitic matrix, attributed to the substantial strengthening from subnanoscale local chemical ordering zones and the pronounced solid solution strengthening from the multiprincipal elements in the matrix. This mechanism not only harnesses the intense strengthening and strain hardening provided by otherwise impenetrable brittle nanoprecipitates but also introduces ductility through their sequential shearing with ongoing deformation. Our steel thus showcases ultrahigh cryogenic tensile strength up to 2 gigapascal at a remarkable tensile elongation of 34%. This study reveals a new strategy for designing high-performance structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Miao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mohamed N Elkot
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Ning Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials, Düsseldorf, Germany
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5
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Tang Y, Wang H, Ouyang X, Wang C, Huang Q, Zhao Q, Liu X, Zhu Q, Hou Z, Wu J, Zhang Z, Li H, Yang Y, Yang W, Gao H, Zhou H. Overcoming strength-ductility tradeoff with high pressure thermal treatment. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3932. [PMID: 38729936 PMCID: PMC11087546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional material processing approaches often achieve strengthening of materials at the cost of reduced ductility. Here, we show that high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) treatment can help overcome the strength-ductility trade-off in structural materials. We report an initially strong-yet-brittle eutectic high entropy alloy simultaneously doubling its strength to 1150 MPa and its tensile ductility to 36% after the HPHT treatment. Such strength-ductility synergy is attributed to the HPHT-induced formation of a hierarchically patterned microstructure with coherent interfaces, which promotes multiple deformation mechanisms, including dislocations, stacking faults, microbands and deformation twins, at multiple length scales. More importantly, the HPHT-induced microstructure helps relieve stress concentration at the interfaces, thereby arresting interfacial cracking commonly observed in traditional eutectic high entropy alloys. These findings suggest a new direction of research in employing HPHT techniques to help develop next generation structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haikuo Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingkun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- Institute of Metals, College of Material Science and Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiakun Wu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yikan Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology, College of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, Singapore, 138632, Singapore.
- Mechano-X Institute, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - Haofei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Liu L, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Wu L, Yang P, Liu Z. Research progress on direct borohydride fuel cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1965-1978. [PMID: 38273804 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06169h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The rapid development of industry has accelerated the utilization and consumption of fossil energy, resulting in an increasing shortage of energy resources and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new energy storage devices using renewable and environment-friendly energy as fuel. Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are expected to be a feasible and efficient energy storage device by virtue of the read availability of raw materials, non-toxicity of products, and excellent operational stability. Moreover, while utilizing H2O2 as an oxidant, a significant theoretical energy density of 17 kW h kg-1 can be achieved, indicating the broad application prospect of DBFCs in long-range operation and oxygen-free environment. This review summarizes the research progress on DBFCs in term of reaction kinetics, electrode materials, membrane materials, architecture, and electrolytes. In addition, we predict the future research challenges and feasible research directions, considering both performance and cost. We hope this review will help guide future studies on DBFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Liu
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Junming Zhang
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Milin Zhang
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Linzhi Wu
- College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
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7
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Knoll P, Ouyang B, Steinbock O. Patterns Lead the Way to Far-from-Equilibrium Materials. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:19-30. [PMID: 38283788 PMCID: PMC10811769 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The universe is a complex fabric of repeating patterns that unfold their beauty in system-specific diversity. The periodic table, crystallography, and the genetic code are classic examples that illustrate how even a small number of rules generate a vast range of shapes and structures. Today, we are on the brink of an AI-driven revolution that will reveal an unprecedented number of novel patterns, many of which will escape human intuition and expertise. We suggest that in the second half of the 21st century, the challenge for Physical Chemistry will be to guide and interpret these advances in the broader context of physical sciences and materials-related engineering. If we succeed in this role, Physical Chemistry will be able to extend to new horizons. In this article, we will discuss examples that strike us as particularly promising, specifically the discovery of high-entropy and far-from-equilibrium materials as well as applications to origins-of-life research and the search for life on other planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Knoll
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Institute for Condensed Matter and Complex
Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, U.K.
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, United States
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8
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Jiang D, Yuan Z, Zhu Z, Yao M. NiCoCrFeY High Entropy Alloy Nanopowders and Their Soft Magnetic Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:534. [PMID: 38276473 PMCID: PMC10821190 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
High entropy alloy nanopowders were successfully prepared by liquid-phase reduction methods and their applications were preliminarily discussed. The prepared high entropy alloy nanopowders consisted of FeNi alloy spherical powders and NiFeCoCrY alloy spherical powders with a particle size of about 100 nm. The powders have soft magnetic properties, the saturation magnetization field strength were up to 5000 Qe and the saturation magnetization strength Ms was about 17.3 emu/g. The powders have the excellent property of low high-frequency loss in the frequency range of 0.3-8.5 GHz. When the thickness of the powders coating was 5 mm, the powders showed excellent absorption performance in the Ku band; and when the thickness of the powders coating was 10 mm; the powders showed good wave-absorbing performance in the X band. The powders have good moulding, and the powders have large specific surface area, so that the magnetic powder core composites could be prepared under low pressure and without coating insulators, and the magnetic powder cores showed excellent frequency-constant magnetization and magnetic field-constant magnetization characteristics. In the frequency range of 1~100 KHz; the μm of the magnetic powder core heat-treated at 800 °C reached 359, the μe was about 4.6 and the change rate of μe with frequency was less than 1%, meanwhile; the magnetic powder core still maintains constant μe value under the action of the external magnetic field from 0 to 12,000 A/m. The high entropy alloy nanopowders have a broad application prospect in soft magnetic composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhifen Yuan
- School of Physics and Material Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; (D.J.); (Z.Z.); (M.Y.)
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Ma Z, Kong K, Yin Y, Guo Z, Ma X, Lin Q, Wang J, Shen Y, Lu X, Xu X, Kong X, Liu Z, Tang R. High Mechanical Strength Alloy-like Minerals Prepared by Inorganic Ionic Co-cross-linking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308017. [PMID: 38009645 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Alloys often combine different metals to generate superior mechanical properties. However, it is challenging to prepare high mechanical strength minerals with similar strategies. Using calcium carbonate (CaC) and calcium phosphate (CaP) as examples, this work synthesizes a group of compounds with the chemical formulas Ca(CO3 )x (PO4 )2(1- x )/3 (0 < x < 1, CaCPs) by cross-linking ionic oligomers. Unlike mixtures, these CaCPs exhibit a single temperature for the phase transition from amorphous to crystallized CaC (calcite) and CaP (hydroxyapatite). By heat-induced synchronous crystallization, dual-phase CaC/CaP with continuous crystallized boundaries are resembled to alloy-like minerals (ALMs). The mechanical properties of the ALMs are adjusted by tailoring their chemical compositions to reach a hardness of 5.6 GPa, which exceed those of control calcite and hydroxyapatite samples by 430% and 260%, respectively. This strategy expands the chemical scope of inorganic materials and holds promise for preparing high-performance minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiqiang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kangren Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhengxi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingyun Lin
- Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yinlin Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province, Instrumentation and Service Centre for Molecular Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xurong Xu
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhaoming Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Peng W, Lu YR, Lin H, Peng M, Chan TS, Pan A, Tan Y. Sulfur-Stabilizing Ultrafine High-Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles on MXene for Highly Efficient Ethanol Electrooxidation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22691-22700. [PMID: 37926947 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are significantly promising candidates for heterogeneous catalysis, yet the controllable synthesis of ultrafine HEA nanoparticles (NPs) remains a formidable challenge due to severe thermal sintering during the high-temperature fabrication process. Herein, we report a sulfur-stabilizing strategy to construct ultrafine HEA NPs with an average diameter of 4.02 nm supported on sulfur-modified Ti3C2Tx (S-Ti3C2Tx) MXene, on which the strong interfacial metal-sulfur interactions between HEA NPs and the S-Ti3C2Tx supports significantly increase the interfacial adhesion strength, thus greatly suppressing nanoparticle sintering by retarding both particle migration and metal atom diffusion. The representative quinary PtPdCuNiCo HEA-S-Ti3C2Tx exhibits excellent catalytic performance toward alkaline ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) with an ultrahigh mass activity of 7.03 A mgPt+Pd-1, which is 4.34 and 5.17 times higher than those of the commercial Pt/C and Pd/C catalysts, respectively. In situ attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy studies reveal that the high intrinsic catalytic activity for the EOR can be ascribed to the synergy of different catalytically active sites of HEA NPs and the well-designed interfacial metal-sulfur interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ying-Rui Lu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Haiping Lin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Ming Peng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Anlian Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yongwen Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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11
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Tan X, Chen L, Lv M, Peng W, Xu H. Tailoring Mechanical and Magnetic Properties in Dual-Phase FeCoNi(CuAl) 0.8 High-Entropy Alloy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:7222. [PMID: 38005151 PMCID: PMC10672741 DOI: 10.3390/ma16227222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
For tailoring the mechanical and magnetic properties of dual-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs), it is crucial to understand the effect of each phase on the overall properties. In this paper, the effects of individual FCC and BCC phases on the mechanical and magnetic properties of the FeCoNi(CuAl)0.8 HEA are investigated by nanoindentation and first-principles calculations. The nano-hardness of the BCC phase is 8.73 GPa, which is nearly double the 4.60 GPa of the FCC phase, which ascribes to spherical nanoprecipitates that are only observed in the BCC phase leading to precipitation hardening. First-principles calculations on the electronic structure show that calculated saturation magnetization (Ms) of the BCC phase is 0.81 T, higher than 0.77 T of the FCC phase. An approximate yield strength and Ms can be estimated by summing the volume-fraction-weighted contributions from each phase, and are in good agreement with experimental values. It indicates that the overall mechanical and magnetic properties of the dual-phase HEAs can be tailored by tuning the volume fraction of the individual phase. Our findings are helpful to design prospective dual-phase HEAs with both good mechanical properties and soft magnetic performance by adjusting the content of each phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Tan
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (W.P.)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (L.C.); (M.L.); (W.P.)
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12
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Chen C, Guo J, Liu J, Li W, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Wei L. Quinary RuRhPdPtAu high-entropy alloy as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12863-12866. [PMID: 37815878 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04162j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Quinary RuRhPdPtAu high-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) were prepared for the first time from a deep eutectic solvent by an electrochemical method. Owing to the benefits of high entropy and abundant surface active sites, the RuRhPdPtAu HEA-NPs exhibit outstanding electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Jiayin Guo
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Jianhong Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Yongsheng Wei
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Honghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Fujian Province University, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou 363105, China.
| | - Xinsheng Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Lu Wei
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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13
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Pan Q, Yang M, Feng R, Chuang AC, An K, Liaw PK, Wu X, Tao N, Lu L. Atomic faulting induced exceptional cryogenic strain hardening in gradient cell-structured alloy. Science 2023; 382:185-190. [PMID: 37708297 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained materials are widely accepted to display the highest strain hardening and the best tensile ductility. We experimentally report an attractive strain hardening rate throughout the deformation stage at 77 kelvin in a stable single-phase alloy with gradient dislocation cells that even surpasses its coarse-grained counterparts. Contrary to conventional understanding, the exceptional strain hardening arises from a distinctive dynamic structural refinement mechanism facilitated by the emission and motion of massive multiorientational tiny stacking faults (planar defects), which are fundamentally distinct from the traditional linear dislocation-mediated deformation. The dominance of atomic-scale planar deformation faulting in plastic deformation introduces a different approach for strengthening and hardening metallic materials, offering promising properties and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Pan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Muxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rui Feng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Ke An
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Peter K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nairong Tao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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14
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Chen L, Song Z, Zhang S, Chang CK, Chuang YC, Peng X, Dun C, Urban JJ, Guo J, Chen JL, Prendergast D, Salmeron M, Somorjai GA, Su J. Ternary NiMo-Bi liquid alloy catalyst for efficient hydrogen production from methane pyrolysis. Science 2023; 381:857-861. [PMID: 37616342 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Methane pyrolysis (MP) is a potential technology for CO2-free hydrogen production that generates only solid carbon by-products. However, developing a highly efficient catalyst for stable methane pyrolysis at a moderate temperature has been challenging. We present a new and highly efficient catalyst created by modifying a Ni-Bi liquid alloy with the addition of Mo to produce a ternary NiMo-Bi liquid alloy catalyst (LAC). This catalyst exhibited a considerably low activation energy of 81.2 kilojoules per mole, which enabled MP at temperatures between 450 and 800 Celsius and a hydrogen generation efficiency of 4.05 ml per gram of nickel per minute. At 800 Celsius, the catalyst exhibited 100% H2 selectivity and 120 hours of stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhigang Song
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chung-Kai Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chuang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - Xinxing Peng
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chaochao Dun
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jeng-Lung Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Science-Based Industrial Park Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Gabor A Somorjai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ji Su
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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15
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Shang Z, Sun T, Ding J, Richter NA, Heckman NM, White BC, Boyce BL, Hattar K, Wang H, Zhang X. Gradient nanostructured steel with superior tensile plasticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd9780. [PMID: 37256952 PMCID: PMC10413645 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add9780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured metallic materials with abundant high-angle grain boundaries exhibit high strength and good radiation resistance. While the nanoscale grains induce high strength, they also degrade tensile ductility. We show that a gradient nanostructured ferritic steel exhibits simultaneous improvement in yield strength by 36% and uniform elongation by 50% compared to the homogenously structured counterpart. In situ tension studies coupled with electron backscattered diffraction analyses reveal intricate coordinated deformation mechanisms in the gradient structures. The outermost nanolaminate grains sustain a substantial plastic strain via a profound deformation mechanism involving prominent grain reorientation. This synergistic plastic co-deformation process alters the rupture mode in the post-necking regime, thus delaying the onset of fracture. The present discovery highlights the intrinsic plasticity of nanolaminate grains and their significance in simultaneous improvement of strength and tensile ductility of structural metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Shang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tianyi Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Richter
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | - Brad L. Boyce
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
| | - Khalid Hattar
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xinghang Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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16
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Yu C, Lin K, Chen X, Jiang S, Cao Y, Li W, Chen L, An K, Chen Y, Yu D, Kato K, Zhang Q, Gu L, You L, Kuang X, Wu H, Li Q, Deng J, Xing X. Superior zero thermal expansion dual-phase alloy via boron-migration mediated solid-state reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3135. [PMID: 37253768 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38929-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress in modern technologies demands zero thermal expansion (ZTE) materials with multi-property profiles to withstand harsh service conditions. Thus far, the majority of documented ZTE materials have shortcomings in different aspects that limit their practical utilization. Here, we report on a superior isotropic ZTE alloy with collective properties regarding wide operating temperature windows, high strength-stiffness, and cyclic thermal stability. A boron-migration-mediated solid-state reaction (BMSR) constructs a salient "plum pudding" structure in a dual-phase Er-Fe-B alloy, where the precursor ErFe10 phase reacts with the migrated boron and transforms into the target Er2Fe14B (pudding) and α-Fe phases (plum). The formation of such microstructure helps to eliminate apparent crystallographic texture, tailor and form isotropic ZTE, and simultaneously enhance the strength and toughness of the alloy. These findings suggest a promising design paradigm for comprehensive performance ZTE alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Suihe Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yili Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ke An
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dunji Yu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kenichi Kato
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-Cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Li You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaojun Kuang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wu
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899-6102, US
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinxia Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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17
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Li T, Liu T, Zhao S, Chen Y, Luan J, Jiao Z, Ritchie RO, Dai L. Ultra-strong tungsten refractory high-entropy alloy via stepwise controllable coherent nanoprecipitations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3006. [PMID: 37230991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-performance refractory alloys with ultrahigh strength and ductility are in demand for a wide range of critical applications, such as plasma-facing components. However, it remains challenging to increase the strength of these alloys without seriously compromising their tensile ductility. Here, we put forward a strategy to "defeat" this trade-off in tungsten refractory high-entropy alloys by stepwise controllable coherent nanoprecipitations (SCCPs). The coherent interfaces of SCCPs facilitate the dislocation transmission and relieve the stress concentrations that can lead to premature crack initiation. As a consequence, our alloy displays an ultrahigh strength of 2.15 GPa with a tensile ductility of 15% at ambient temperature, with a high yield strength of 1.05 GPa at 800 °C. The SCCPs design concept may afford a means to develop a wide range of ultrahigh-strength metallic materials by providing a pathway for alloy design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Shiteng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Junhua Luan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zengbao Jiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Lanhong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
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18
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Zhao S, Yin S, Liang X, Cao F, Yu Q, Zhang R, Dai L, Ruestes CJ, Ritchie RO, Minor AM. Deformation and failure of the CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy subjected to extreme shock loading. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8602. [PMID: 37146144 PMCID: PMC10162673 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The extraordinary work hardening ability and fracture toughness of the face-centered cubic (fcc) high-entropy alloys render them ideal candidates for many structural applications. Here, the deformation and failure mechanisms of an equiatomic CrCoNi medium-entropyalloy (MEA) were investigated by powerful laser-driven shock experiments. Multiscale characterization demonstrates that profuse planar defects including stacking faults, nanotwins, and hexagonal nanolamella were generated during shock compression, forming a three-dimensional network. During shock release, the MEA fractured by strong tensile deformation and numerous voids was observed in the vicinity of the fracture plane. High defect populations, nanorecrystallization, and amorphization were found adjacent to these areas of localized deformation. Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate the experimental results and suggest that deformation-induced defects formed before void nucleation govern the geometry of void growth and delay their coalescence. Our results indicate that the CrCoNi-based alloys are impact resistant, damage tolerant, and potentially suitable in applications under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Xixi Octagon City, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Cao
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Yu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
| | - Ruopeng Zhang
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lanhong Dai
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Carlos J Ruestes
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Calle Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, 28906 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas (ICB), CONICET UNCUYO, Padre J. Contreras 1300, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Minor
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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19
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Cui P, Wang W, Nong Z, Lai Z, Liu Y, Zhu J. Effects of Cr Content on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Co-Free FeCr yNiAl 0.8 High-Entropy Alloys. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093348. [PMID: 37176230 PMCID: PMC10179711 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys have gained widespread concern in response to the increased requirements for future high-temperature structural superalloys. By combining phase-diagram calculations with microhardness, compression behavior measurements at room temperature, and elevated temperature conditions, the very important role of the Cr element on the microstructure and properties is deeply revealed, which provides candidates materials for future high-temperature alloy applications. The increment of Cr favors the regulation of the two-phase fraction and distribution. The thermodynamic calculations illustrate that the density and melting point of the HEAs showed an increasing trend with the increase of the Cr content. The typical worm-like microstructure of the Cr0.6 alloy with a dual BCC structure was detected. Meanwhile, on the one hand, the increment of the Cr elements results in a considerable optimization of the mechanical properties of the alloy in terms of strength and ductility at room temperature. The corresponding compressive strength and plasticity of Cr0.6 alloy at room temperature are 3524 MPa and 43.3%. On the other hand, the high-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy are greatly enhanced. At 1000 °C, the yield strength of the Cr0.6 alloy is about 25 MPa higher than that of the Cr0.4 alloy. The superior mechanical properties are attributed to the pronounced work-hardening response, and the work-hardening behavior of Cr-containing HEAs was systematically analyzed by employing the modified Ludwik model. The higher content of Cr helps the resistance of the local deformation response, improving the nonuniform strain and promoting the balance of strength and ductility of the alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puchang Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhisheng Nong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Zhonghong Lai
- Center for Analysis, Measurement and Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jingchuan Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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20
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Sayyar N, Hansen V, Tucho WM, Minde MW. Directed laser deposition of super duplex stainless steel: Microstructure, texture evolution, and mechanical properties. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15144. [PMID: 37089289 PMCID: PMC10119715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microstructure and texture evolution of directed-laser deposited super-duplex stainless-steel, in the as-received block, were characterized using light and electron microscopies and electron backscattered diffraction. Mechanical properties in different directions were studied. Local FCC-depleted and FCC-rich zones and extensive precipitation of oxides were detected at the matrix wherein the different types of reformed austenite were surrounded by the elongated coarse ferrite. A vertical gradient of austenite content, caused by overall change in cooling rate, generated a waning hardness distribution along the building direction. The texture of austenite across the different deposition layers was not as intense as that of the ferrite. A dominant ⟨ 001 ⟩ ⫽ND fibre, embedding strong Cube { 001 } ⟨ 100 ⟩ , was calculated for ferrite on the layer away from the bottom while the Goss { 011 } ⟨ 100 ⟩ appeared in the layer near the building substrate due to the considerable epitaxially developed grains. The less intensified multi-component texture of austenite at the layer near the substrate changed to ⟨ 011 ⟩ ⫽ND fibre adorned by Rotated-Goss and Goss components at the upper layers where an incomplete fibre { 001 } ⟨ u v w ⟩ with a major Rotated-Cube was also partially inherited from the parent phase. The inter-phase boundaries obeying Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship were predominantly formed at all layers. A slight increase of Σ3 coincidence site lattice interfaces was observed in austenite across the build direction. The possible mechanical anisotropy was depressed due to complex and multi-component transformation texture of the austenite. The material showed brittleness corresponding to significantly high tensile strength and low impact toughness.
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21
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Xie M, Fang W, Qu Z, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Chao J, Shi J, Wang L, Wang L, Tian Y, Fan C, Liu H. High-entropy alloy nanopatterns by prescribed metallization of DNA origami templates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1745. [PMID: 36990981 PMCID: PMC10060391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHigh-entropy multimetallic nanopatterns with controlled morphology, composition and uniformity hold great potential for developing nanoelectronics, nanophotonics and catalysis. Nevertheless, the lack of general methods for patterning multiple metals poses a limit. Here, we develop a DNA origami-based metallization reaction system to prescribe multimetallic nanopatterns with peroxidase-like activities. We find that strong coordination between metal elements and DNA bases enables the accumulation of metal ions on protruding clustered DNA (pcDNA) that are prescribed on DNA origami. As a result of the condensation of pcDNA, these sites can serve as nucleation site for metal plating. We have synthesized multimetallic nanopatterns composed of up to five metal elements (Co, Pd, Pt, Ag and Ni), and obtained insights on elemental uniformity control at the nanoscale. This method provides an alternative pathway to construct a library of multimetallic nanopatterns.
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22
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Dong Y, Li Y, Fan B, Peng W, Qian W, Ji X, Gan D, Liu P. Long-term antibacterial, antioxidative, and bioadhesive hydrogel wound dressing for infected wound healing applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2080-2090. [PMID: 36723067 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infection and oxidative stress hinder clinical wound healing. Therefore, wound dressings with antibacterial and antioxidative properties are urgently needed. In this study, a type of quaternized lignin (QL) functionalized poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB) complex incorporated polyacrylamide (QL-PHMB-PAM) hydrogel was developed as a multifunctional dressing material for the promotion of infected wound repair. Owing to the abundant catechol groups of quaternized lignin, the QL-PHMB-PAM hydrogel exhibited robust repeatable adhesiveness to various substrates with antioxidative properties. Additionally, the antibacterial components of PHMB in the QL-PHMB-PAM composite hydrogel showed high efficiency and long-term antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Escherichia coli (E.coli), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; up to 100%). Furthermore, in vivo experiments indicated that this multifunctional hydrogel accelerated the healing of S. aureus-infected wounds by promoting the reconstruction of blood vessels and hair follicles. These results demonstrate that this antioxidative, antibacterial, and bioadhesive hydrogel is a promising alternative wound dressing material for the prevention of bacterial infections and the acceleration of infected wound regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Dong
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Youxin Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Birong Fan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Wan Peng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Weijian Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoxue Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Donglin Gan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
| | - Pingsheng Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.
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23
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Zheng X, Gao X, Vilá RA, Jiang Y, Wang J, Xu R, Zhang R, Xiao X, Zhang P, Greenburg LC, Yang Y, Xin HL, Zheng X, Cui Y. Hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne-assisted ultrafast sparking synthesis of metastable nanomaterials. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:153-159. [PMID: 36585516 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metastable nanomaterials, such as single-atom and high-entropy systems, with exciting physical and chemical properties are increasingly important for next-generation technologies. Here, we developed a hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne-assisted ultrafast sparking synthesis (GAUSS) platform for the preparation of metastable nanomaterials. The GAUSS platform can reach an ultra-high reaction temperature of 3,286 K within 8 ms, a rate exceeding 105 K s-1. Controlling the composition and chemistry of the hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne aerogel framework, the reaction temperature can be tuned from 1,640 K to 3,286 K. We demonstrate the versatility of the GAUSS platform with the successful synthesis of single atoms, high-entropy alloys and high-entropy oxides. Electrochemical measurements and density functional theory show that single atoms synthesized by GAUSS enhance the lithium-sulfur redox reaction kinetics in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries. Our design of the GAUSS platform offers a powerful way to synthesize a variety of metastable nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rafael A Vilá
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jingyang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louisa C Greenburg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yufei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
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Zhan C, Bu L, Sun H, Huang X, Zhu Z, Yang T, Ma H, Li L, Wang Y, Geng H, Wang W, Zhu H, Pao CW, Shao Q, Yang Z, Liu W, Xie Z, Huang X. Medium/High-Entropy Amalgamated Core/Shell Nanoplate Achieves Efficient Formic Acid Catalysis for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213783. [PMID: 36400747 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have been attracting extensive research interests in designing advanced nanomaterials, while their precise control is still in the infancy stage. Herein, we have reported a well-defined PtBiPbNiCo hexagonal nanoplates (HEA HPs) as high-performance electrocatalysts. Structure analysis decodes that the HEA HP is constructed with PtBiPb medium-entropy core and PtBiNiCo high-entropy shell. Significantly, the HEA HPs can reach the specific and mass activities of 27.2 mA cm-2 and 7.1 A mgPt -1 for formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR), being the record catalyst ever achieved in Pt-based catalysts, and can realize the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) power density (321.2 mW cm-2 ) in fuel cell. Further experimental and theoretical analyses collectively evidence that the hexagonal intermetallic core/atomic layer shell structure and multi-element synergy greatly promote the direct dehydrogenation pathway of formic acid molecule and suppress the formation of CO*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lingzheng Bu
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xingwei Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Haibin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Leigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hongbo Geng
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huaze Zhu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Qi Shao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | | | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Mechanically derived short-range order and its impact on the multi-principal-element alloys. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6766. [PMID: 36351925 PMCID: PMC9646780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34470-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical short-range order in disordered solid solutions often emerges with specific heat treatments. Unlike thermally activated ordering, mechanically derived short-range order (MSRO) in a multi-principal-element Fe40Mn40Cr10Co10 (at%) alloy originates from tensile deformation at 77 K, and its degree/extent can be tailored by adjusting the loading rates under quasistatic conditions. The mechanical response and multi-length-scale characterisation pointed to the minor contribution of MSRO formation to yield strength, mechanical twinning, and deformation-induced displacive transformation. Scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and the anlaysis of electron diffraction patterns revealed the microstructural features responsible for MSRO and the dependence of the ordering degree/extent on the applied strain rates. Here, we show that underpinned by molecular dynamics, MSRO in the alloys with low stacking-fault energies forms when loaded at 77 K, and these systems that offer different perspectives on the process of strain-induced ordering transition are driven by crystalline lattice defects (dislocations and stacking faults). Unlike diffusion-mediated chemical short-range orders (SROs) in multi-principal element alloys, diffusionless SROs and their impact on alloys have been elusive. Here, the authors show the formation of strain-induced SROs by crystalline lattice defects, upon external loading at 77 K.
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26
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Ultrahigh-temperature melt printing of multi-principal element alloys. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6724. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractMulti-principal element alloys (MPEA) demonstrate superior synergetic properties compared to single-element predominated traditional alloys. However, the rapid melting and uniform mixing of multi-elements for the fabrication of MPEA structural materials by metallic 3D printing is challenging as it is difficult to achieve both a high temperature and uniform temperature distribution in a sufficient heating source simultaneously. Herein, we report an ultrahigh-temperature melt printing method that can achieve rapid multi-elemental melting and uniform mixing for MPEA fabrication. In a typical fabrication process, multi-elemental metal powders are loaded into a high-temperature column zone that can be heated up to 3000 K via Joule heating, followed by melting on the order of milliseconds and mixing into homogenous alloys, which we attribute to the sufficiently uniform high-temperature heating zone. As proof-of-concept, we successfully fabricated single-phase bulk NiFeCrCo MPEA with uniform grain size. This ultrahigh-temperature rapid melt printing process provides excellent potential toward MPEA 3D printing.
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27
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Data-driven electron-diffraction approach reveals local short-range ordering in CrCoNi with ordering effects. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6651. [PMID: 36333312 PMCID: PMC9636235 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The exceptional mechanical strength of medium/high-entropy alloys has been attributed to hardening in random solid solutions. Here, we evidence non-random chemical mixing in a CrCoNi alloy, resulting from short-range ordering. A data-mining approach of electron nanodiffraction enabled the study, which is assisted by neutron scattering, atom probe tomography, and diffraction simulation using first-principles theory models. Two samples, one homogenized and one heat-treated, are observed. In both samples, results reveal two types of short-range-order inside nanoclusters that minimize the Cr–Cr nearest neighbors (L12) or segregate Cr on alternating close-packed planes (L11). The L11 is predominant in the homogenized sample, while the L12 formation is promoted by heat-treatment, with the latter being accompanied by a dramatic change in dislocation-slip behavior. These findings uncover short-range order and the resulted chemical heterogeneities behind the mechanical strength in CrCoNi, providing general opportunities for atomistic-structure study in concentrated alloys for the design of strong and ductile materials. Non-random chemical mixings that are intrinsic to medium- and high-entropy alloys are difficult to detect and quantify. Here the authors perform a diffraction data-mining analysis, revealing nanoclusters of short-range orders in a CrCoNi alloy, and their impacts on chemical homogeneity and dislocations slip.
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Zhang J, Wang X, Li X, Zheng Y, Liu R, Luan J, Jiao Z, Dong C, Liaw PK. Native Oxidation and Complex Magnetic Anisotropy-Dominated Soft Magnetic CoCrFeNi-Based High-Entropy Alloy Thin Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2203139. [PMID: 36202625 PMCID: PMC9685441 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soft magnetic high-entropy alloy thin films (HEATFs) exhibit remarkable freedom of material-structure design and physical-property tailoring, as well as, high cut-off frequencies and outstanding electrical resistivities, making them potential candidates for high-frequency magnetic devices. In this study, a CoCrFeNi film with excellent soft magnetic properties is developed by forming a novel core-shell structure via native oxidation, with ferromagnetic elements Fe, Co, and Ni as the core and the Cr oxide as the shell layer. The core-shell structure enables a high saturation magnetization, enhances the electrical resistivity, and thus reduces the eddy-current loss. For further optimizing the soft magnetic properties, O is deliberately introduced into the HEATFs, and the O-incorporated HEATFs exhibit an electrical resistivity of 237 µΩ·cm, a saturation magnetization of 535 emu cm-3 , and a coercivity of 23 A m-1 . The factors that determine the ferromagnetism and coercivity of the CoCrFeNi-based HEATFs are examined in detail by evaluating the microstructures, magnetic domains, chemical valency, and 3D microscopic compositional distributions of the prepared films. These results are anticipated to provide insights into the magnetic behaviors of soft magnetic HEATFs, as well as aid in the construction of a promising material-design strategy for these unique materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by LaserIon and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by LaserIon and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by LaserIon and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Yuehong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous MetalsLanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou730050China
| | - Renwei Liu
- Shimadzu China Co. LTDShanghai200233China
| | - Junhua Luan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCity University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China
| | - Zengbao Jiao
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong999077China
| | - Chuang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by LaserIon and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education)School of Materials Science and EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Peter K. Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN37996USA
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29
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Shi ZZ, Li M, Li XM, Wang LN. Surface-Roughness-Induced Plasticity in a Biodegradable Zn Alloy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2207570. [PMID: 36314421 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Improving plasticity has been an eternal theme of developing metallic materials. It is difficult to increase room-temperature elongation of metallic materials over 100% without sacrificing strength using existing methods. Herein, surface-roughness-induced plasticity (SRIP) is discovered in biodegradable Zn-0.4Mn alloy. Surprisingly, in the good surface range that meets the international standard ISO 6892, reducing surface roughness results in significant increase in plasticity without loss of strength. From unground to 5000# sandpaper ground states, the surface roughness Ra of the alloy decreases from 0.63 to 0.05 µm, while its room temperature elongation increases from 74% to 143%. SRIP is the synergistic result of increased microstructure damage tolerance and decreased surface roughness. It provides a new method for improving plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Zhi Shi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Min Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Ning Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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30
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Kwon H, Harjo S, Kawasaki T, Gong W, Jeong SG, Kim ES, Sathiyamoorthi P, Kato H, Kim HS. Work hardening behavior of hot-rolled metastable Fe 50Co 25Ni 10Al 5Ti 5Mo 5 medium-entropy alloy: in situ neutron diffraction analysis. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:579-586. [PMID: 36212683 PMCID: PMC9542855 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2122868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastability engineering is a strategy to enhance the strength and ductility of alloys via deliberately lowering phase stability and prompting deformation-induced martensitic transformation. The advantages of the strategy are widely exploited by ferrous medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) that exhibit phase transformation from metastable face-centered cubic (FCC) to hexagonal close-packed (HCP) or body-centered cubic (BCC) martensite and a significant increase in work hardening. Fe50Co25Ni10Al5Ti5Mo5 (at%) MEA is an example of such materials, which shows ~1.5 GPa of tensile strength assisted by exceptional work hardening from the deformation-induced BCC martensitic transformation. In this work, the martensitic transformation and its effect on the mechanical response of the MEA were studied by in situ neutron diffraction under tensile loading. Strain-induced BCC martensite started forming rapidly from the beginning of plastic deformation, reaching a phase fraction of ~100% when deformed to ~10% of true strain. Lattice strain and phase stress evolution indicate that stress was dynamically partitioned onto the newly formed BCC martensite, which is responsible for the work hardening response and high flow stress of the MEA. This work shows how great a role FCC to BCC martensitic transformation can play in enhancing the mechanical properties of ferrous MEAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefanus Harjo
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Wu Gong
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sang Guk Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Praveen Sathiyamoorthi
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Hidemi Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hyoung Seop Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Heterogenic Metal Additive Manufacturing, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Institute of Ferrous and Energy materials Technology (GIFT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
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31
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Tanji A, Fan X, Sakidja R, Liaw PK, Hermawan H. Niobium addition improves the corrosion resistance of TiHfZrNbx high-entropy alloys in Hanks’ solution. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Niu Y, Zhao D, Zhu B, Wang S, Wang Z, Zhao H. Atomic investigations on the tension-compression asymmetry of Al xFeNiCrCu ( x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) high-entropy alloy nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:415703. [PMID: 35640472 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac74ce] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tension and compression of high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanowires (NWs) are remarkably asymmetric, but the micro mechanism is still unclear. In this research, the tension-compression asymmetry of AlxFeNiCrCu HEA NWs (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) was quantitatively characterized via molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on the influences of the NW diameter, the Al content, the crystalline orientation, and the temperature, which are significant for applying HEAs in nanotechnology. The increased NW diameter improves the energy required for stacking faults nucleating, thus strengthening AlFeNiCrCu HEA NWs. A few twins during stretching weaken the strengthening effects, thereby decreasing the tension-compression asymmetry. The increased Al content raises the tension-compression asymmetry by promoting the face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic phase transition during stretching. The tension along the [001] crystalline orientation is stronger than the compression, while the [110] and [111] crystalline orientations are entirely the opposite, and the tension-compression asymmetry along the [111] crystalline orientation is the minimum. The diversities in the tension-compression asymmetry depend on the deformation mechanism. Compressing along the [001] crystalline orientation and stretching along the [110] crystalline orientation induces twinning. Deformation along the [111] crystalline orientation only leaves stacking faults in the NWs. Therefore, the tension and compression along the [111] crystalline orientation exhibit minimal asymmetry. As the temperature rises, the tension-compression asymmetry along the [001] and [111] crystalline orientations increases, while that along the [110] crystalline orientation decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Niu
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, 5988 Renmin Street, Changchun 130025, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Research Institute of Jilin University, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China
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33
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Chen S, Fan X, Steingrimsson B, Xiong Q, Li W, Liaw PK. Fatigue dataset of high-entropy alloys. Sci Data 2022; 9:381. [PMID: 35794115 PMCID: PMC9259632 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue failure of metallic structures is of great concern to industrial applications. A material will not be practically useful if it is prone to fatigue failures. To take the advantage of lately emerged high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for designing novel fatigue-resistant alloys, we compiled a fatigue database of HEAs from the literature reported until the beginning of 2022. The database is subdivided into three categories, i.e., low-cycle fatigue (LCF), high-cycle fatigue (HCF), and fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), which contain 15, 23, and 28 distinct data records, respectively. Each data record in any of three categories is characteristic of a summary, which is comprised of alloy compositions, key fatigue properties, and additional information influential to, or interrelated with, fatigue (e.g., material processing history, phase constitution, grain size, uniaxial tensile properties, and fatigue testing conditions), and an individual dataset, which makes up the original fatigue testing curve. Some representative individual datasets in each category are graphically visualized. The dataset is hosted in an open data repository, Materials Cloud. Measurement(s) | Low cycle fatigue • High cycle fatigue • Fatigue crack growth rate | Technology Type(s) | mechanical testing system | Factor Type(s) | Alloy system • Temperature • Processing condition • Phases • Grain size • Stress ratio • Frequency |
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Ren B, Zhao RF, Jiang AY, Yu Y. Microstructure and oxidation behavior of CoCrxCuFeMnNi high-entropy alloys fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing sintering. Micron 2022; 158:103291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2022.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Zhu J, Lv M, Liu C, Tan X, Xu H. Effect of neodymium and yttrium addition on microstructure and DC soft magnetic property of dual-phase FeCoNi(CuAl)0.8 high-entropy alloy. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Zhang L, Liang Y, Gu JH, Yan XY, Li X, Yu P, Wang L. Synthesis of nano (Ti,W)C powder with preferred orientation and twin boundary structure. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Zhong J, Li Q, Deng C, Zhang L. Automated Development of an Accurate Diffusion Database in Fcc AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloys from a Big Dataset of Composition Profiles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093240. [PMID: 35591573 PMCID: PMC9102832 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to incorporate a big dataset of composition profiles of fcc AlCoCrFeNi alloys, in addition to those of the related subsystem, to develop a self-consistent kinetic description for quinary high-entropy alloys. The latest feature of the HitDIC (High-throughput Determination of Interdiffusion Coefficients) code was adopted in a high-throughput and automatic manner for accommodating a dataset of composition profiles with up to 87 diffusion couples. A good convergence for the optimization process was achieved, while satisfactory results regarding the composition profiles and previously evaluated diffusion properties were obtained. Here, we present an investigation into the elemental effect of Al towards interdiffusion and tracer diffusion, and their potential effect on creep and precipitation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Chunming Deng
- Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology, The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510651, China;
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
- Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Materials Surface Engineering Technology, The Key Lab of Guangdong for Modern Surface Engineering Technology, Guangzhou 510651, China;
- Correspondence:
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38
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Microstructures and Properties of the Low-Density Al15Zr40Ti28Nb12M(Cr, Mo, Si)5 High-Entropy Alloys. METALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/met12030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-density materials show promising prospects for industrial application in engineering, and have remained a research hotspot. The ingots of Al15Zr40Ti28Nb12Cr5, Al15Zr40Ti28Nb12Mo5 and Al15Zr40Ti28Nb12Si5 high-entropy alloys were prepared using an arc melting method. With the addition of the Cr, Mo, and Si, the phase structures of these alloys changed to a dual phase. The Cr and Mo promote the formation of the B2 phase, while the Si promotes the formation of a large amount of the silicides. The compression yield strengths of these alloys are ~1.36 GPa, ~1.27 GPa, and ~1.35 GPa, respectively. The addition of Si and Cr significantly reduces the compression ductility, and the Al15Zr40Ti28Nb12SiMo5 high-entropy alloy exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties. This work investigated the influence of Cr, Mo, and Si on the phase structures and properties of the low-density Al-Zr-Ti-Nb high-entropy alloys, providing theoretical and scientific support for the development of advanced low-density alloys.
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Abstract
High-/medium-entropy alloys (H/MEA) have the inherent local chemical order. Yet, as a structural link between the incipient short-range order and mature long-range counterpart, the chemical medium-range order (CMRO) is conjectural and remains open questions as to if, and what kind of, CMRO would be produced and if CMRO is mechanically stable during plastic deformation. Here, we show compelling evidences for CMRO in an Al9.5CrCoNi MEA. Specifically, the electron diffraction under both [\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$013$$\end{document}013] zone axis show the definite spots for CMRO of lattice periodicity. CMRO entities are seen directly of medium-ranged in sizes by using dark-field imaging, along with the tendency towards like-pair avoidance and unlike-pair preference based on atomic-resolution EDS mapping. These findings substantiate CMRO with a realistic structural picture in view of crystal periodicity and chemical species occupation, shedding light on understanding the microstructural link at an extended length scale beyond the short-range order. The existence of chemical medium-range order (CMRO) in high- and medium- entropy alloys remains conjectural. Here the authors show evidences of CMRO by electron diffraction spots of lattice periodicity, observable entities, occupancy of preferential species, and stable sizes upon deformation.
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jien-Wei Yeh
- High Entropy Materials Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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Superior Strength and Ductility of 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel with Gradient Dislocations. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102613. [PMID: 34685054 PMCID: PMC8538548 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Materials with designed gradient nanograins exhibit unprecedented mechanical properties, such as superior strength and ductility. In this study, a heterostructured 304 stainless steel with solely gradient dislocation structure (GDS) in micron-sized grains produced by cyclic-torsion processing was demonstrated to exhibit a substantially improved yield strength with slightly reduced uniform elongation, compared with its coarse grained counterparts. Microstructural observations reveal that multiple deformation mechanisms, associated with the formation of dense dislocation patterns, deformation twins and martensitic phase, are activated upon straining and contribute to the delocalized plastic deformation and the superior mechanical performance of the GDS 304 stainless steel.
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