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Fenton AA. Remapping revisited: how the hippocampus represents different spaces. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:428-448. [PMID: 38714834 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00817-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The representation of distinct spaces by hippocampal place cells has been linked to changes in their place fields (the locations in the environment where the place cells discharge strongly), a phenomenon that has been termed 'remapping'. Remapping has been assumed to be accompanied by the reorganization of subsecond cofiring relationships among the place cells, potentially maximizing hippocampal information coding capacity. However, several observations challenge this standard view. For example, place cells exhibit mixed selectivity, encode non-positional variables, can have multiple place fields and exhibit unreliable discharge in fixed environments. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that, when measured at subsecond timescales, the moment-to-moment cofiring of a pair of cells in one environment is remarkably similar in another environment, despite remapping. Here, I propose that remapping is a misnomer for the changes in place fields across environments and suggest instead that internally organized manifold representations of hippocampal activity are actively registered to different environments to enable navigation, promote memory and organize knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- André A Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute at the NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Shin JD, Jadhav SP. Prefrontal cortical ripples mediate top-down suppression of hippocampal reactivation during sleep memory consolidation. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00616-X. [PMID: 38834064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Consolidation of initially encoded hippocampal representations in the neocortex through reactivation is crucial for long-term memory formation and is facilitated by the coordination of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) with cortical slow and spindle oscillations during non-REM sleep. Recent evidence suggests that high-frequency cortical ripples can also coordinate with hippocampal SWRs in support of consolidation; however, the contribution of cortical ripples to reactivation remains unclear. We used high-density, continuous recordings in the hippocampus (area CA1) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) over the course of spatial learning and show that independent PFC ripples dissociated from SWRs are prevalent in NREM sleep and predominantly suppress hippocampal activity. PFC ripples paradoxically mediate top-down suppression of hippocampal reactivation rather than coordination, and this suppression is stronger for assemblies that are reactivated during coordinated CA1-PFC ripples for consolidation of recent experiences. Further, we show non-canonical, serial coordination of independent cortical ripples with slow and spindle oscillations, which are known signatures of memory consolidation. These results establish a role for prefrontal cortical ripples in top-down regulation of behaviorally relevant hippocampal representations during consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Shin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Shantanu P Jadhav
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Wang X, Wang L, Zheng L, Meng S, Zhu N, An X, Wang L, Yang J, Zheng C, Ming D. Dynamic prediction of goal location by coordinated representation of prefrontal-hippocampal theta sequences. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1866-1879.e6. [PMID: 38608677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Prefrontal (PFC) and hippocampal (HPC) sequences of neuronal firing modulated by theta rhythms could represent upcoming choices during spatial memory-guided decision-making. How the PFC-HPC network dynamically coordinates theta sequences to predict specific goal locations and how it is interrupted in memory impairments induced by amyloid beta (Aβ) remain unclear. Here, we detected theta sequences of firing activities of PFC neurons and HPC place cells during goal-directed spatial memory tasks. We found that PFC ensembles exhibited predictive representation of the specific goal location since the starting phase of memory retrieval, earlier than the hippocampus. High predictive accuracy of PFC theta sequences existed during successful memory retrieval and positively correlated with memory performance. Coordinated PFC-HPC sequences showed PFC-dominant prediction of goal locations during successful memory retrieval. Furthermore, we found that theta sequences of both regions still existed under Aβ accumulation, whereas their predictive representation of goal locations was weakened with disrupted spatial representation of HPC place cells and PFC neurons. These findings highlight the essential role of coordinated PFC-HPC sequences in successful memory retrieval of a precise goal location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuang Meng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xingwei An
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Statistics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neuroengineering, Tianjin 300072, China; Haihe Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interaction and Human-Machine Integration, Tianjin 300072, China.
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4
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Kershner JR. Early life stress, literacy and dyslexia: an evolutionary perspective. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:809-822. [PMID: 38436668 PMCID: PMC11003919 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Stress and learning co-evolved in parallel, with their interdependence critical to the survival of the species. Even today, the regulation of moderate levels of stress by the central autonomic network (CAN), especially during pre- and post-natal periods, facilitates biological adaptability and is an essential precursor for the cognitive requisites of learning to read. Reading is a remarkable evolutionary achievement of the human brain, mysteriously unusual, because it is not pre-wired with a genetic address to facilitate its acquisition. There is no gene for reading. The review suggests that reading co-opts a brain circuit centered in the left hemisphere ventral occipital cortex that evolved as a domain-general visual processor. Its adoption by reading depends on the CAN's coordination of the learning and emotional requirements of learning to read at the metabolic, cellular, synaptic, and network levels. By stabilizing a child's self-control and modulating the attention network's inhibitory controls over the reading circuit, the CAN plays a key role in school readiness and learning to read. In addition, the review revealed two beneficial CAN evolutionary adjustments to early-life stress "overloads" that come with incidental costs of school under-performance and dyslexia. A short-term adaptation involving methylation of the FKBP5 and NR3C1 genes is a liability for academic achievement in primary school. The adaptation leading to dyslexia induces alterations in BDNF trafficking, promoting long-term adaptive fitness by protecting against excessive glucocorticoid toxicity but risks reading difficulties by disruptive signaling from the CAN to the attention networks and the reading circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Kershner
- Department of Applied Psychology and Human Resources, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
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5
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Maboudi K, Giri B, Miyawaki H, Kemere C, Diba K. Retuning of hippocampal representations during sleep. Nature 2024; 629:630-638. [PMID: 38720085 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal representations that underlie spatial memory undergo continuous refinement following formation1. Here, to track the spatial tuning of neurons dynamically during offline states, we used a new Bayesian learning approach based on the spike-triggered average decoded position in ensemble recordings from freely moving rats. Measuring these tunings, we found spatial representations within hippocampal sharp-wave ripples that were stable for hours during sleep and were strongly aligned with place fields initially observed during maze exploration. These representations were explained by a combination of factors that included preconfigured structure before maze exposure and representations that emerged during θ-oscillations and awake sharp-wave ripples while on the maze, revealing the contribution of these events in forming ensembles. Strikingly, the ripple representations during sleep predicted the future place fields of neurons during re-exposure to the maze, even when those fields deviated from previous place preferences. By contrast, we observed tunings with poor alignment to maze place fields during sleep and rest before maze exposure and in the later stages of sleep. In sum, the new decoding approach allowed us to infer and characterize the stability and retuning of place fields during offline periods, revealing the rapid emergence of representations following new exploration and the role of sleep in the representational dynamics of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Maboudi
- Dept of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Dept of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Bapun Giri
- Dept of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Dept of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Miyawaki
- Dept of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Caleb Kemere
- Dept of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamran Diba
- Dept of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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6
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Arndt KC, Gilbert ET, Klaver LMF, Kim J, Buhler CM, Basso JC, McKenzie S, English DF. Granular retrosplenial cortex layer 2/3 generates high-frequency oscillations dynamically coupled with hippocampal rhythms across brain states. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113910. [PMID: 38461414 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The granular retrosplenial cortex (gRSC) exhibits high-frequency oscillations (HFOs; ∼150 Hz), which can be driven by a hippocampus-subiculum pathway. How the cellular-synaptic and laminar organization of gRSC facilitates HFOs is unknown. Here, we probe gRSC HFO generation and coupling with hippocampal rhythms using focal optogenetics and silicon-probe recordings in behaving mice. ChR2-mediated excitation of CaMKII-expressing cells in L2/3 or L5 induces HFOs, but spontaneous HFOs are found only in L2/3, where HFO power is highest. HFOs couple to CA1 sharp wave-ripples (SPW-Rs) during rest and the descending phase of theta. gRSC HFO current sources and sinks are the same for events during both SPW-Rs and theta oscillations. Independent component analysis shows that high gamma (50-100 Hz) in CA1 stratum lacunosum moleculare is comodulated with HFO power. HFOs may thus facilitate interregional communication of a multisynaptic loop between the gRSC, hippocampus, and medial entorhinal cortex during distinct brain and behavioral states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser C Arndt
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Earl T Gilbert
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | | | - Jongwoon Kim
- The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Chelsea M Buhler
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Julia C Basso
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; Center for Health Behaviors Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Sam McKenzie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Sheridan CL, Lang S, Knappenberger M, Albers C, Loper R, Tillett B, Sanchez J, Wilcox A, Harrison T, Panoz-Brown D, Crystal JD. Replay of incidentally encoded episodic memories in the rat. Curr Biol 2024; 34:641-647.e5. [PMID: 38218186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Although events are not always known to be important when they occur, people can remember details about such incidentally encoded information using episodic memory. Importantly, when information is explicitly encoded for use in an expected test of retention (as in most assessments in animals), it is possible that it is used to generate a planned action1,2,3; thus, the remembered action can occur without remembering the earlier episode. By contrast, when a test is unexpected, transforming information into an action plan is unlikely because the importance of the information and the nature of the test are not yet known. Thus, accurate performance in an unexpected test after incidental encoding documents episodic memory.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 Here, we present evidence that rats replay episodic memories of incidentally encoded information in an unexpected assessment of memory. In one task,9 rats reported the third-last item in an explicitly encoded list of trial-unique odors. In a second task,10 rats foraged in a radial maze in the absence of odors. On a critical test, rats foraged in the radial maze, but scented lids covered the food. Next, memory of the third-last odor was assessed. All participating rats correctly answered the unexpected question. These results suggest that rats encoded multiple pieces of putatively unimportant information, and later they replayed a stream of episodic memories when that information was needed to solve an unexpected problem. We propose that rats replay episodic memories of incidentally encoded information, which documents a critical aspect of human episodic memory in a non-human animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L Sheridan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Stephen Lang
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Mya Knappenberger
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Cami Albers
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Ryleigh Loper
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Baily Tillett
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Jonah Sanchez
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Alyssa Wilcox
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Tess Harrison
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Danielle Panoz-Brown
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA
| | - Jonathon D Crystal
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10(TH) ST, Bloomington, IN 47405-7007, USA.
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8
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Sosa M, Plitt MH, Giocomo LM. Hippocampal sequences span experience relative to rewards. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.27.573490. [PMID: 38234842 PMCID: PMC10793396 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal place cells fire in sequences that span spatial environments and non-spatial modalities, suggesting that hippocampal activity can anchor to the most behaviorally salient aspects of experience. As reward is a highly salient event, we hypothesized that sequences of hippocampal activity can anchor to rewards. To test this, we performed two-photon imaging of hippocampal CA1 neurons as mice navigated virtual environments with changing hidden reward locations. When the reward moved, the firing fields of a subpopulation of cells moved to the same relative position with respect to reward, constructing a sequence of reward-relative cells that spanned the entire task structure. The density of these reward-relative sequences increased with task experience as additional neurons were recruited to the reward-relative population. Conversely, a largely separate subpopulation maintained a spatially-based place code. These findings thus reveal separate hippocampal ensembles can flexibly encode multiple behaviorally salient reference frames, reflecting the structure of the experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielena Sosa
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. Plitt
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Giocomo
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
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Chen D, Axmacher N, Wang L. Grid codes underlie multiple cognitive maps in the human brain. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 233:102569. [PMID: 38232782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Grid cells fire at multiple positions that organize the vertices of equilateral triangles tiling a 2D space and are well studied in rodents. The last decade witnessed rapid progress in two other research lines on grid codes-empirical studies on distributed human grid-like representations in physical and multiple non-physical spaces, and cognitive computational models addressing the function of grid cells based on principles of efficient and predictive coding. Here, we review the progress in these fields and integrate these lines into a systematic organization. We also discuss the coordinate mechanisms of grid codes in the human entorhinal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex and their role in neurological and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 100101, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Liang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, 100101, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
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10
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Shin JD, Jadhav SP. Cortical ripples mediate top-down suppression of hippocampal reactivation during sleep memory consolidation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.12.571373. [PMID: 38168420 PMCID: PMC10760112 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.12.571373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Consolidation of initially encoded hippocampal representations in the neocortex through reactivation is crucial for long-term memory formation, and is facilitated by the coordination of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) with cortical oscillations during non-REM sleep. However, the contribution of high-frequency cortical ripples to consolidation is still unclear. We used continuous recordings in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) over the course of spatial learning and show that independent PFC ripples, when dissociated from SWRs, predominantly suppress hippocampal activity in non-REM sleep. PFC ripples paradoxically mediate top-down suppression of hippocampal reactivation, which is inversely related to reactivation strength during coordinated CA1-PFC ripples. Further, we show non-canonical, serial coordination of ripples with cortical slow and spindle oscillations. These results establish a role for cortical ripples in regulating consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Shin
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Shantanu P. Jadhav
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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